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Das V, Miller JH, Alladi CG, Annadurai N, De Sanctis JB, Hrubá L, Hajdúch M. Antineoplastics for treating Alzheimer's disease and dementia: Evidence from preclinical and observational studies. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:2078-2111. [PMID: 38530106 DOI: 10.1002/med.22033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
As the world population ages, there will be an increasing need for effective therapies for aging-associated neurodegenerative disorders, which remain untreatable. Dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the leading neurological diseases in the aging population. Current therapeutic approaches to treat this disorder are solely symptomatic, making the need for new molecular entities acting on the causes of the disease extremely urgent. One of the potential solutions is to use compounds that are already in the market. The structures have known pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicity profiles, and patient data available in several countries. Several drugs have been used successfully to treat diseases different from their original purposes, such as autoimmunity and peripheral inflammation. Herein, we divulge the repurposing of drugs in the area of neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the therapeutic potential of antineoplastics to treat dementia due to AD and dementia. We briefly touch upon the shared pathological mechanism between AD and cancer and drug repurposing strategies, with a focus on artificial intelligence. Next, we bring out the current status of research on the development of drugs, provide supporting evidence from retrospective, clinical, and preclinical studies on antineoplastic use, and bring in new areas, such as repurposing drugs for the prion-like spreading of pathologies in treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanath Das
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technologies and Research Institute (CATRIN), Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - John H Miller
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Charanraj Goud Alladi
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Narendran Annadurai
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Juan Bautista De Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technologies and Research Institute (CATRIN), Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Hrubá
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technologies and Research Institute (CATRIN), Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technologies and Research Institute (CATRIN), Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Xu J, Ma C, Hirschey R, Liu J, Neidre DB, Nielsen ME, Keyserling TC, Tan X, Song L. Associations of role, area deprivation index, and race with health behaviors and body mass index among localized prostate cancer patients and their partners. J Cancer Surviv 2024:10.1007/s11764-024-01625-z. [PMID: 38888710 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-024-01625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the associations of role (localized prostate cancer (PCa) patient vs. their intimate partner), area deprivation index (ADI-higher scores indicating higher neighborhood deprivation levels), and race (Black/African American (AA) vs. White) with health behaviors and body mass index (BMI) among PCa patients and partners. The behaviors include smoking, alcohol consumption, diet quality, sedentary behaviors, and physical activity (PA). METHODS This study used the baseline data collected in a clinical trial. Given the nested structure of the dyadic data, multi-level models were used. RESULTS Significant role-race interaction effects on smoking, ADI-race effects on alcohol consumption, and role-ADI effects on BMI were found. Meanwhile, patients smoked more cigarettes, decreased alcohol consumption, had less healthful diets, spent longer time watching TV, did fewer sedentary hobbies, had more confidence in PA, and had higher BMIs than their partners. High ADI was independently associated with lower odds of drinking alcohol, using computer/Internet, and doing non-walking PA, and higher BMI compared to low ADI controlling for role and race. Black/AA dyads had less smoking amount and alcohol consumption and higher sedentary time and BMI than White dyads when adjusted for role and ADI. CONCLUSIONS This study identified significant interaction and main effects of role, ADI, or race on health behaviors and BMI. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Future behavioral interventions should address divergent individual needs between patients and partners, social and neighborhood barriers, and cultural indicators of racial groups to promote healthful behaviors and improve the quality of survivorship for PCa patients and partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingle Xu
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Chunxuan Ma
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rachel Hirschey
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Daria B Neidre
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Matthew E Nielsen
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas C Keyserling
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xianming Tan
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lixin Song
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Mays Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Hsieh CT, Lee WC, Chiang CJ, Wang CC, Hsu HY, Lin HJ, Yeh TL, Tsai MC, Jhuang JR, Hsiao BY, Chien KL. The Risk of Cancer-Associated and Radiotherapy-Associated Cardiovascular Diseases among Patients with Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2024; 24:131-141.e3. [PMID: 38052665 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cardio-related issues should be emphasized as the survival rates of breast cancer increased. We investigated the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and stroke due to breast cancer or radiotherapy. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, breast cancer patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2016 were recruited from Taiwan Cancer Registry Database and were followed until the end of 2018 by linking with the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. The general population was randomly selected from the whole population in 2007. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated to compare the risk of CAD and stroke between patients and the general population. Within the cohort, we included the patients diagnosed between 2011 and 2016. Cox proportional hazards model and subdistribution hazard function were used to investigate the associations of radiotherapy with the risk of CAD and stroke. RESULTS Overall SIR of CAD was 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.78-0.86), while were 1.43 and 1.08 (95% CI: 1.30-1.55 and 1.00-1.16) 1 and 2 years after diagnosis, respectively. Overall SIR of stroke was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.60-0.67), the results were similar after considering the time since diagnosis. The adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for the associations of radiotherapy with CAD and stroke risk were 0.91 (95% [CI] = 0.76-1.09) and 0.84 (95% CI = 0.68-1.04), respectively. The results were similar by using subdistribution hazard function. CONCLUSIONS The risk of CAD was higher within the first 2 years of breast cancer diagnosis. We found no association between radiotherapy and the risk of CAD and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Tzu Hsieh
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Wen-Chung Lee
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Chiang
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Taiwan Cancer Registry, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chun Wang
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yin Hsu
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Family Medicine, Taipei MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical Collage, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ju Lin
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Lin Yeh
- Department of Family Medicine, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical Collage, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chieh Tsai
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan,; Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical Collage, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Rong Jhuang
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yu Hsiao
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Liong Chien
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; Population Health Research Center, National Taiwan University.
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Fox IN, Wassersug R. Case studies on psychosocial factors that help make exercise programmes for prostate cancer patients self-sustaining. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2024; 13:e1056-e1063. [PMID: 35101863 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2021-003370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with prostate cancer (PCa) benefit from regular exercise, but it is difficult for patients to maintain an exercise regime. We examined two exercise programmes that have proven to be self-sustaining with the goal of identifying features they share that may contribute to their success. METHODS We compared the FC Prostata football (soccer) league in Denmark and the 'Butts in a Boat' (BIAB) dragon-boating team in Canada. The FC Prostata Project Coordinator and the BIAB team leaders provided information on their programmes' history and structure. RESULTS Both programmes are team-based with regularly scheduled intense exercise at their core. In both cases, social activities evolved spontaneously, starting with the men going out for food and/or drinks after practices. The sustainability of these programmes may be driven by the regular socialisation linked to the fitness activities. CONCLUSIONS Our case studies suggest that exercise programmes for PCa patients may have a good chance of being self-sustaining, if they are: (1) centred around intense exercise, (2) of a team nature, (3) structured to promote egalitarianism and avoid one-on-one competition within teams, yet (4) have some competitions between teams. The data suggest that informal social activities organised by patients after team practices may be important for building fellowship and strengthening patients' commitment to exercise both for themselves and for their team members.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Wassersug
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors toward Healthy Eating among Chinese Cancer Patients Treated with Chemotherapy: A Systematic Review. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2022; 10:100163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2022.100163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Higashiyama N, Yamaguchi K, Yamamoto Y, Ueda A, Inayama Y, Egawa M, Yamanoi K, Taki M, Ukita M, Hosoe Y, Horie A, Hamanishi J, Mandai M. Development of healthy lifestyle consciousness index for gynecological cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:7569-7574. [PMID: 35674795 PMCID: PMC9385809 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Healthy lifestyle is related to quality of life (QOL) after cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, there are few reports on patients conscious of healthy lifestyle and patients requiring medical providers' attention regarding healthy lifestyle. We aimed to develop a healthy lifestyle consciousness index (HLCI) for cancer patients and evaluated its validity in gynecological cancer patients. METHODS The HLCI was designed to assess degree of healthy lifestyle consciousness, including items regarding "diet," "exercise," "body weight," and "sleep." Exploratory factor analysis was performed for dimensionality of the scale; Cronbach's alpha was calculated to assess internal-consistency reliability. For criterion-based validity, we calculated proportions of stage III/IV gynecological malignancies in those with categorized HLCI scores based on tertiles. Concurrent validity was evaluated between HLCI and other quality of life (QOL) scales including European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 in limited patients. RESULTS HLCI comprised five 10-point items (0-45); higher values implied improved healthy lifestyle consciousness. Data from 108 gynecological malignancy patients at Kyoto University Hospital were analyzed. The mean age of subjects was 55.8 years; 36.1% of them had uterine corpus cancer; 34.3% were at stage III/IV of gynecological malignancy. The factor analysis revealed HLCI was unidimensional; the reliability based on Cronbach's alpha was satisfactory (0.88). The proportions of stage III/IV gynecological malignancies were 25.7%, 33.3%, and 44.4% in those with first (7-24 points), second (25-30 points), and third (31-46 points) tertiles of HLCI score, respectively. For patients with other QOL scales (n = 25), the mean scores of global health status of QLQ-C30 were 33.3, 50.0, and 83.3 for first, second, and third tertiles of HLCI score, respectively. CONCLUSION HLCI was successfully validated; thus, patients with advanced stages or higher QOL might have strong consciousness regarding healthy lifestyle. HLCI may be useful in precision care for improved lifestyles and QOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Higashiyama
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaguchi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Yosuke Yamamoto
- Department of Healthcare Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ueda
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Inayama
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Miho Egawa
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Yamanoi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mana Taki
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masayo Ukita
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuko Hosoe
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akihito Horie
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Junzo Hamanishi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Mandai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Psychosocial Determinants of Lifestyle Change after a Cancer Diagnosis: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14082026. [PMID: 35454932 PMCID: PMC9032592 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14082026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Although cancer survivors may experience health benefits from favorable lifestyle changes, many cancer survivors do not adhere to lifestyle recommendations or make favorable lifestyle changes after cancer diagnosis. This systematic review of the literature aimed to provide an overview of the scientific literature on sociodemographic, psychological and social determinants that may facilitate or hamper lifestyle change after the diagnosis cancer. It provides a structured overview of the large variety of determinants of changes in different lifestyle behaviors (physical activity, diet, smoking, alcohol, sun protection, and multiple lifestyle behaviors) derived from the 123 included papers (71 quantitative and 52 qualitative). Findings demonstrate the important role of oncology healthcare professionals in promoting healthy lifestyle changes in cancer survivors and inform researchers and healthcare professionals about the methods and strategies they can use to promote healthy lifestyle changes in cancer survivors. Abstract The aim of this study is to provide a systematic overview of the scientific literature on sociodemographic, psychological and social determinants that may facilitate or hamper lifestyle change after the diagnosis cancer. Four databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science) were searched for relevant papers up to October 2021. Of the 9586 references yielded by the literature search, 123 papers were included: 71 quantitative and 52 qualitative papers. Findings showed a large variety of determinants influencing lifestyle change after cancer diagnosis, with differences between lifestyle behaviors (physical activity, diet, smoking, alcohol, sun protection, and multiple lifestyle behaviors) and findings from quantitative vs. qualitative studies. Findings demonstrate the important role of oncology healthcare professionals in promoting healthy lifestyle changes in cancer survivors. In addition, findings inform researchers involved in the development of health promotion programs about the methods and strategies they can use to promote healthy lifestyle changes in cancer survivors. Favorable lifestyle changes are expected to have beneficial effects on cancer risk and overall health in cancer survivors.
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Bergengren O, Enblad AP, Garmo H, Bratt O, Holmberg L, Johansson E, Bill-Axelson A. Changes in lifestyle among prostate cancer survivors: A nationwide population-based study. Psychooncology 2020; 29:1713-1719. [PMID: 32779258 PMCID: PMC7589218 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Long‐term information on lifestyle changes among prostate survivors is lacking. In this nationwide, population‐based study we investigated the prevalence of lifestyle changes, factors associated with lifestyle changes and associations between lifestyle changes and general quality of life. Methods All men registered in the National Prostate Cancer Register of Sweden diagnosed in 2008 with low‐risk prostate cancer at age 70 years or younger were sent a questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals for factors potentially associated with lifestyle change. Results Out of 1288, 1720 men (75%) were responded. A total of 279 (22%) reported a positive lifestyle change regarding diet or exercise. Poor functional outcomes after treatment was associated with exercising less (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2‐2.1) and less interest in social activities and relationships (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.5‐2.1). Men who exercised more (OR 7.9, 95% CI 4.4‐14) and men who had an increased interest in relationships and social activities (OR 5.2, 95% CI 2.1‐13) reported higher general quality of life. Conclusions A considerable proportion of men reported making positive lifestyle changes after the prostate cancer diagnosis. The time after diagnosis may be a teachable moment that facilitates lifestyle interventions. Poor functional outcomes after treatment may reduce the willingness to engage in positive lifestyle change, which need be considered when supporting men after treatment. Men who made a positive lifestyle change, regardless of whether it was exercise or regarding relationships and social activities more often reported a high level of general quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oskar Bergengren
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Pia Enblad
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hans Garmo
- Regional Cancer Center Uppsala Örebro, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ola Bratt
- Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Holmberg
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Eva Johansson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Bill-Axelson
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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