Horseshoe lung and facio-auriculo-vertebral sequence: a previously unreported association

Genetics of non-isolated hemivertebra: A systematic review of fetal, neonatal, and infant cases

Hemivertebra is a congenital vertebral malformation caused by unilateral failure of formation during embryogenesis that may be associated with additional abnormalities. A systematic review was conducted to investigate genetic etiologies of non-isolated hemivertebra identified in the fetal, neonatal, and infant periods using PubMed, Cochrane database, Ovid Medline, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception through May 2022 (PROSPERO ID CRD42021229576). The Human Phenotype Ontology database was accessed May 2022. Studies were deemed eligible for inclusion if they addressed non-isolated hemivertebra or genetic causes of non-isolated hemivertebra identified in the fetal, neonatal, or infant periods. Cases diagnosed clinically without molecular confirmation were included. Systematic review identified 23 cases of non-isolated hemivertebra with karyotypic abnormalities, 2 cases due to microdeletions, 59 cases attributed to single gene disorders, 18 syndromic cases without known genetic etiology, and 14 cases without a known syndromic association. The Human Phenotype Ontology search identified 49 genes associated with hemivertebra. Non-isolated hemivertebra is associated with a diverse spectrum of cytogenetic abnormalities and single gene disorders. Genetic syndromes were notably common. Frequently affected organ systems include musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, central nervous system, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and facial dysmorphisms. When non-isolated hemivertebra is identified on prenatal ultrasound, the fetus must be assessed for associated anomalies and genetic counseling is recommended.

Is horseshoe lung a component of VACTERL spectrum? Case report and review of literature

Horseshoe lung (HL) is a rare congenital anomaly that has been classically associated with Scimitar syndrome. Very few cases have been described in the context of the VACTERL spectrum. We present a case of a newborn girl with mesocardia, tracheoesophageal fistula, and imperforated anus, who required O2 support at birth and during hospitalization. A chest CT angiography revealed a HL as an incidental finding. We suspect that HL and the VACTERL spectrum, are not separated entities but likely a further expansion of VACTERL-associated symptoms. HL might be underdiagnosed in asymptomatic patients as Chest CT angiography is not part of the routine work up for patients with VACTERL association.

Horseshoe lung associated with scimitar syndrome

Horseshoe lung is a rare congenital anomaly and mostly accompanied by scimitar syndrome. Most aspects of this complex anomaly can be demonstrated via multidetector CT (MDCT). We present two baby girls who had horseshoe lung associated with right lung hypoplasia and scimitar vein. The chest roentgenograms showed displacement of the heart and mediastinum to the right with smaller right lung. Echocardiography revealed dextroposition, secundum atrial septal defect and bilateral slight peripheral pulmonary stenosis in the first case and dextroposition, severe pulmonary hypertension, secundum atrial septal defect and tricuspid regurgitation in the other one. On thoracic MDCT, the right lung and pulmonary artery were hypoplastic with cardiomediastinal shift to the right. There was an abnormal right pulmonary vein draining into the inferior vena cava on the lower zone of the right lung (scimitar vein). The posterobasal portions of the both lungs were fused through a midline isthmus behind the heart.

A Possible case of Facio-Auriculo-Vertebral sequence (FAVs) in an adult female from medieval Iceland (13th-16th Century)

OBJECTIVE

This paper presents a possible case of Facio-Auriculo-Vertebral sequence (FAVs) in an adult female from Haffjarðarey, Western Iceland (1200-1563 CE) and a brief review of associated terminology.

MATERIALS

The skeletal remains of a single adult female (HFE-A-34, 18-24 years old), excavated in 1945 by the National Museum of Iceland.

METHODS

We carried out macroscopic examination of the cranium and mandible in 2017.

RESULTS

Right side unilateral asymmetric craniofacial dysplasia was identified on the cranium and mandible of HFE-A-34.

CONCLUSIONS

This individual presents with anomalous craniofacial asymmetry consistent with a clinical diagnosis of FAVs.

SIGNIFICANCE

This paper offers a visually distinct case of an under-represented and under-documented congenital condition for future identification within paleopathology.

LIMITATIONS

Infra-cranial skeletal manifestations of FAVs would strengthen this possible diagnosis, but at this time it is not possible to definitively link the cranium and mandible of HFE-A-34 to any of the infra-cranial remains excavated from Haffjarðarey.

SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH

In addition to further clarifying the variable nature of FAVs in archaeological remains, a detailed discussion of disability and the perception of disabled individuals within the medieval North Atlantic is necessary in order to understand the lived experiences of affected individuals.

Horseshoe Lung Associated with Left Lung Hypoplasia: Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature

Horseshoe lung (HL) is often associated with cardiovascular malformations such as scimitar syndrome and unilateral lung hypoplasia. In patients with HL, the hypoplastic lung is almost always located on the right side. Cases of HL with a hypoplastic left lung are extremely rare.

In this paper, we describe a case of a one-day-old boy with HL involving left lung hypoplasia and perform a systematic review of the literature on HL with left lung hypoplasia.

Only 10 cases of HL involving left lung hypoplasia have been reported in the literature. Most of those cases also exhibited cardiovascular malformations and pulmonary hypertension. There have not been any reported cases of HL involving left lung hypoplasia associated with scimitar syndrome.

HL involving left lung hypoplasia is rare and tends to be associated with pulmonary hypertension.

Case report: Goldenhar syndrome following donor oocyte IVF

PURPOSE

To describe a case of Goldenhar syndrome in a couple receiving donated oocytes in an 'egg sharing' IVF cycle where the recipient of donor oocytes had Turner syndrome, hypothyroidism and gestational diabetes.

METHODS

Case report

RESULTS

Child born to oocyte recipient with Goldenhar syndrome

CONCLUSIONS

We believe this is the first reported case of a child born with Goldenhar syndrome following use of donated oocytes in IVF by a woman with Turner syndrome, hypothyroidism and gestational diabetes.

Horseshoe lung associated with rare bilateral variant of scimitar syndrome: demonstration by 64-slice MDCT angiography

Scimitar syndrome with bilateral abnormal venous drainage and horseshoe lung is extremely rare. These rare complex anomalies were diagnosed in a 5-year-old boy by 64-slice multidetector CT (MDCT). This technique provides high-quality visualization of vascular, bronchial and parenchymal structures in a single session, such that no further invasive techniques are required. One obvious disadvantage of MDCT is the radiation exposure, especially in paediatric patients. The use of a single phase of contrast material administration reduces radiation exposure. The workstation platforms of MDCT systems allow multiplanar 2-D and 3-D postprocessing. As a result, various complex pathologies, such as that discussed here, can be diagnosed following a single imaging session with a certain precision.