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Moubarz G, Shousha WG, Saad-Hussein A, Shawky MM, Shawky S. Influence of chitotriosidase gene polymorphisms on oxidative stress and susceptibility to Aspergillus infection among exposed workers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2023; 33:1195-1204. [PMID: 35616283 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2080189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chitotriosidase (CHIT1) is involved in the innate defense against chitin-containing pathogens. In the present study, we sought to investigate the role of CHIT1 gene polymorphisms on susceptibility to Aspergillus infection in addition to oxidative stress caused by infection. CHIT1 gene polymorphisms were identified in 60 Aspergillus-positive workers by REFLP. We also measured concentrations of the CHIT1 enzyme, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The majority of workers were wild-type (AA) (66.5%), followed by heterozygous (AB) (28.5%), and homozygous mutants (BB) (5%). The mean concentrations of specific IgE for all Aspergillus species were affected by change in CHIT1 genotypes. Our findings indicate that decreased CHIT1 activity in homozygous mutant CHIT1 allele is associated with a subsequent decrease in TAC levels, resulting in an increased risk of fungal infection and accumulation of oxidant MDA. Thus, CHIT1 enzyme activity plays a critical role in the susceptibility of WWTP workers to fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan Moubarz
- Environmental & Occupational Medicine Department, Environment & Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Amal Saad-Hussein
- Environmental & Occupational Medicine Department, Environment & Climate Change Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Okawa K, Tabata E, Kida Y, Uno K, Suzuki H, Kamaya M, Bauer PO, Oyama F. Irreversible evolutionary loss of chitin-degrading ability in the chitinase-like protein Ym1 under positive selection in rodents. Protein Sci 2023; 32:e4620. [PMID: 36883357 PMCID: PMC10031810 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Ym1 (chitinase-like 3, Chil3) expressed in mice is a nonenzymatic chitinase-like protein, which shows 67% identity with mouse acidic chitinase (Chia). Similar to Chia, Ym1 is overexpressed in asthma and parasitic infections in mouse lungs. Due to the lack of chitin-degrading activity, the biomedical role of Ym1 under these pathophysiological conditions remains to be determined. In this study, we investigated what region and amino acid changes in Ym1 resulted in the loss of enzymatic activity. Replacing two amino acids at the catalytic motif to obtain a Chia-like sequence (N136D and Q140E; MT-Ym1) did not activate the protein. We conducted a comparative study of Ym1 and Chia. We found that three protein segments-(i) the catalytic motif residues, (ii) exons 6 and 7, and (iii) exon 10-are responsible for chitinase activity loss in Ym1. We show that replacing each of these three segments in Chia that are also involved in substrate recognition and binding by the Ym1 sequence can fully abolish the enzymatic activity. In addition, we show that there have been extensive gene duplication events at the Ym1 locus specific to the rodent lineages. Consistent with this result, Ym1 orthologs from the rodent genome were under positive selection when analyzed through the CODEML program. These data suggest that numerous amino acid substitutions in the regions involved in the chitin recognition, binding, and degradation ability of the ancestor Ym1 molecule lead to the irreversible inactivation of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Okawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life ScienceKogakuin UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Eri Tabata
- Department of Chemistry and Life ScienceKogakuin UniversityTokyoJapan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (PD)TokyoJapan
| | - Yuta Kida
- Department of Chemistry and Life ScienceKogakuin UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Kyohei Uno
- Department of Chemistry and Life ScienceKogakuin UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Hidetoshi Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry and Life ScienceKogakuin UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Minori Kamaya
- Department of Applied ChemistryKogakuin UniversityTokyoJapan
| | | | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life ScienceKogakuin UniversityTokyoJapan
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3
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Csongrádi A, Altorjay IT, Fülöp GÁ, Enyedi A, Enyedi EE, Hajnal P, Takács I, Tóth A, Papp Z, Fagyas M. Chitotriosidase gene polymorphisms and mutations limit the determination of chitotriosidase expression in sarcoidosis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 513:50-56. [PMID: 33307063 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Serum chitotriosidase (CTO) activity was proposed as a biomarker in sarcoidosis being potentially useful in diagnostics. Nevertheless, a common duplication polymorphism (c.1049_1072dup24, Dup24) of the CTO gene influences CTO activity and thereby compromises its use in sarcoidosis. Here we aimed to substitute CTO activity with CTO concentration to prevent the confounding effect of Dup24. CTO activity, concentration and genetic backgrounds were determined in 80 histopathology proven sarcoidosis patients and 133 healthy individuals. CTO activities were lower in healthy individuals and sarcoidosis patients heterozygous for Dup24 mutation (472 ± 367 mU/L, n = 49; 2300 ± 2105 mU/L, n = 29) than in homozygous wild types (838 ± 856 mU/L, n = 81; 5125 ± 4802 mU/L, n = 48; p < 0.001, respectively). Sera of Dup24 homozygous individuals had no CTO activity. CTO concentrations were also lower in healthy individuals and sarcoidosis patients heterozygous for Dup24 mutation (7.2 ± 1.9 µg/L, n = 11; 63.16 ± 56.5 µg/L, n = 29) than in homozygous wild types (18.9 ± 13.0 µg/L, n = 36; 157.1 ± 132.4 µg/L, n = 47, p < 0.001, respectively) suggestive for an interaction between Dup24 mutation and CTO concentration determinations. We also identified a healthy Hungarian male subject without CTO activity carrying a rare mutation (c.(965_993)del), which mutation has been considered unique for Cypriot population to date. Taken together, CTO concentration determination does not add to the CTO activity measurement when CTO is used as a biomarker in sarcoidosis. Therefore, genotyping of CTO gene should be involved in the interpretation of laboratory findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Csongrádi
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, 22 Móricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; University of Debrecen, Kálmán Laki Doctoral School of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Hungary
| | - István T Altorjay
- University of Debrecen, Kálmán Laki Doctoral School of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Hungary; Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 22 Móricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Á Fülöp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, 22 Móricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; University of Debrecen, Kálmán Laki Doctoral School of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Hungary
| | - Attila Enyedi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 22 Móricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Hungary
| | - Enikő E Enyedi
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, 22 Móricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Péter Hajnal
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, 22 Móricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; University of Debrecen, Kálmán Laki Doctoral School of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Hungary
| | - István Takács
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 22 Móricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Tóth
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, 22 Móricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, 22 Móricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Fagyas
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, 22 Móricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Glycoside hydrolase family 18 chitinases: The known and the unknown. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107553. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Kimura M, Watanabe T, Sekine K, Ishizuka H, Ikejiri A, Sakaguchi M, Kamaya M, Yamanaka D, Matoska V, Bauer PO, Oyama F. Comparative functional analysis between human and mouse chitotriosidase: Substitution at amino acid 218 modulates the chitinolytic and transglycosylation activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:2895-2902. [PMID: 32853624 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chitotriosidase (Chit1) and acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) have been attracting research interest due to their involvement in various pathological conditions such as Gaucher's disease and asthma, respectively. Both enzymes are highly expressed in mice, while the level of AMCase mRNA was low in human tissues. In addition, the chitinolytic activity of the recombinant human AMCase was significantly lower than that of the mouse counterpart. Here, we revealed a substantially higher chitinolytic and transglycosylation activity of human Chit1 against artificial and natural chitin substrates as compared to the mouse enzyme. We found that the substitution of leucine (L) by tryptophan (W) at position 218 markedly reduced both activities in human Chit1. Conversely, the L218W substitution in mouse Chit1 increased the activity of the enzyme. These results suggest that Chit1 may compensate for the low of AMCase activity in humans, while in mice, highly active AMCase may supplements low Chit1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan; Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (PD), Koujimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan; Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Sekine
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Hitomi Ishizuka
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Aoi Ikejiri
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Minori Kamaya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamanaka
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Vaclav Matoska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, Roentgenova 37/2, Prague 150 00, Czech Republic
| | - Peter O Bauer
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, Roentgenova 37/2, Prague 150 00, Czech Republic; Bioinova Ltd., Videnska 1083, Prague 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan.
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Chang D, Sharma L, Dela Cruz CS. Chitotriosidase: a marker and modulator of lung disease. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/156/190143. [PMID: 32350087 PMCID: PMC9488994 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0143-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitotriosidase (CHIT1) is a highly conserved and regulated chitinase secreted by activated macrophages; it is a member of the 18-glycosylase family (GH18). CHIT1 is the most prominent chitinase in humans, can cleave chitin and participates in the body's immune response and is associated with inflammation, infection, tissue damage and remodelling processes. Recently, CHIT1 has been reported to be involved in the molecular pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, bronchial asthma, COPD and pulmonary infections, shedding new light on the role of these proteins in lung pathophysiology. The potential roles of CHIT1 in lung diseases are reviewed in this article. This is the first review of chitotriosidase in lung diseasehttp://bit.ly/2LpZUQI
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Affiliation(s)
- De Chang
- The 3rd Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Lokesh Sharma
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Dept of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Poh TY, Tiew PY, Lim AYH, Thng KX, Binte Mohamed Ali NA, Narayana JK, Mac Aogáin M, Tien Z, Chew WM, Wai Chan AK, Keir HR, Dicker AJ, Hassan TM, Xu H, Tee AKH, Ong TH, Koh MS, Abisheganaden JA, Chalmers JD, Chotirmall SH. Increased Chitotriosidase Is Associated With Aspergillus and Frequent Exacerbations in South-East Asian Patients With Bronchiectasis. Chest 2020; 158:512-522. [PMID: 32184111 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chitinase activity is an important innate immune defence mechanism against infection that includes fungi. The 2 human chitinases: chitotriosidase (CHIT1) and acidic mammalian chitinase are associated to allergy, asthma, and COPD; however, their role in bronchiectasis and bronchiectasis-COPD overlap (BCO) is unknown. RESEARCH QUESTION What is the association between chitinase activity, airway fungi and clinical outcomes in bronchiectasis and bronchiectasis-COPD overlap? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective cohort of 463 individuals were recruited across five hospital sites in three countries (Singapore, Malaysia, and Scotland) including individuals who were not diseased (n = 35) and who had severe asthma (n = 54), COPD (n = 90), bronchiectasis (n = 241) and BCO (n = 43). Systemic chitinase levels were assessed for bronchiectasis and BCO and related to clinical outcomes, airway Aspergillus status, and underlying pulmonary mycobiome profiles. RESULTS Systemic chitinase activity is elevated significantly in bronchiectasis and BCO and exceed the activity in other airway diseases. CHIT1 activity strongly predicts bronchiectasis exacerbations and is associated with the presence of at least one Aspergillus species in the airway and frequent exacerbations (≥3 exacerbations/y). Subgroup analysis reveals an association between CHIT1 activity and the "frequent exacerbator" phenotype in South-East Asian patients whose airway mycobiome profiles indicate the presence of novel fungal taxa that include Macroventuria, Curvularia and Sarocladium. These taxa, enriched in frequently exacerbating South-East Asian patients with high CHIT1 may have potential roles in bronchiectasis exacerbations. INTERPRETATION Systemic CHIT1 activity may represent a useful clinical tool for the identification of fungal-driven "frequent exacerbators" with bronchiectasis in South-East Asian populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuang Yeow Poh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Pei Yee Tiew
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Albert Yick Hou Lim
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Kai Xian Thng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | | | | | - Micheál Mac Aogáin
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Zhijun Tien
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Wui Mei Chew
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Adrian Kwok Wai Chan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Holly R Keir
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Scotland
| | - Alison J Dicker
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Scotland
| | | | - Huiying Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
| | - Augustine K H Tee
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Changi General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Thun How Ong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Mariko Siyue Koh
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | | | - James D Chalmers
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Scotland
| | - Sanjay H Chotirmall
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.
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8
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Enyedi A, Csongrádi A, Altorjay IT, Beke GL, Váradi C, Enyedi EE, Kiss DR, Bányai E, Kalina E, Kappelmayer J, Tóth A, Papp Z, Takács I, Fagyas M. Combined application of angiotensin converting enzyme and chitotriosidase analysis improves the laboratory diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 500:155-162. [PMID: 31672631 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Establishing the diagnosis of sarcoidosis most often requires biopsy and histopathologic evaluation, since there is no single marker with sufficient specificity and sensitivity for the disease. Our aims were to determine and compare the diagnostic accuracies of several potential biomarkers and to develop a combined biomarker analysis tool for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis. 133 healthy individuals and 104 patients with suspected sarcoidosis and diagnostic thoracic surgery were enrolled into this study. Histopathologic results were contrasted to biomarker levels of chitotriosidase (CTO), serum amyloid-A (SAA), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), lysozyme (LZM) or angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Sarcoidosis was confirmed by histopathology in 69 patients. CTO activity, sIL-2R concentration and ACE activity could discriminate between sarcoidosis and control patients, while SAA and LZM concentrations could not. A new combined parameter, which was derived from the multiplication of ACE by CTO activities (double product) showed the best diagnostic accuracy in this clinical study: (AUC = 0.898, sensitivity: 90.5%, specificity: 79.3%, positive and negative predictive values: 90.5% and 79.3%, respectively). Sarcoidosis can be diagnosed with the combined analysis of ACE and CTO activities more accurately than with single serum biomarkers in the absence of invasive biopsy in the majority of cases with pulmonary manifestation of sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Enyedi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 22 Moricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; University of Debrecen, Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Csongrádi
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 22 Moricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; University of Debrecen, Kálmán Laki Doctoral School of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Hungary
| | - István T Altorjay
- University of Debrecen, Kálmán Laki Doctoral School of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Hungary; Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 22 Moricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gergő L Beke
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 22 Moricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csongor Váradi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 22 Moricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Enikő E Enyedi
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 22 Moricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dorina R Kiss
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 22 Moricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Emese Bányai
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 22 Moricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Edit Kalina
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Kappelmayer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 98 Nagyerdei str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Tóth
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 22 Moricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Papp
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 22 Moricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Takács
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 22 Moricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Miklós Fagyas
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 22 Moricz Zsigmond str., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
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Kimura M, Umeyama T, Wakita S, Okawa K, Sakaguchi M, Matoska V, Bauer PO, Oyama F. Direct comparison of chitinolytic properties and determination of combinatory effects of mouse chitotriosidase and acidic mammalian chitinase. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 134:882-890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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10
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Kumar A, Zhang KYJ. Human Chitinases: Structure, Function, and Inhibitor Discovery. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1142:221-251. [PMID: 31102249 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7318-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chitinases are glycosyl hydrolases that hydrolyze the β-(1-4)-linkage of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units present in chitin polymers. Chitinases are widely distributed enzymes and are present in a wide range of organisms including insects, plants, bacteria, fungi, and mammals. These enzymes play key roles in immunity, nutrition, pathogenicity, and arthropod molting. Humans express two chitinases, chitotriosidase 1 (CHIT1) and acid mammalian chitinase (AMCase) along with several chitinase-like proteins (CLPs). Human chitinases are reported to play a protective role against chitin-containing pathogens through their capability to degrade chitin present in the cell wall of pathogens. Now, human chitinases are gaining attention as the key players in innate immune response. Although the exact mechanism of their role in immune response is not known, studies in recent years begin to relate chitin recognition and degradation with the activation of signaling pathways involved in inflammation. The roles of both CHIT1 and AMCase in the development of various diseases have been revealed and several classes of inhibitors have been developed. However, a clear understanding could not be established due to complexities in the design of the right experiment for studying the role of human chitinase in various diseases. In this chapter, we will first outline the structural features of CHIT1 and AMcase. We will then review the progress in understanding the role of human chitinases in the development of various diseases. Finally, we will summarize the inhibitor discovery efforts targeting both CHIT1 and AMCase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Kumar
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kam Y J Zhang
- Laboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan.
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11
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Uehara M, Tabata E, Ishii K, Sawa A, Ohno M, Sakaguchi M, Matoska V, Bauer PO, Oyama F. Chitinase mRNA Levels Determined by QPCR in Crab-Eating Monkey (Macaca fascicularis) Tissues: Species-Specific Expression of Acidic Mammalian Chitinase and Chitotriosidase. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9050244. [PMID: 29747453 PMCID: PMC5977184 DOI: 10.3390/genes9050244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mice and humans express two active chitinases: acidic mammalian chitinase (AMCase) and chitotriosidase (CHIT1). Both chitinases are thought to play important roles in specific pathophysiological conditions. The crab-eating monkey (Macaca fascicularis) is one of the most frequently used nonhuman primate models in basic and applied biomedical research. Here, we performed gene expression analysis of two chitinases in normal crab-eating monkey tissues by way of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using a single standard DNA molecule. Levels of AMCase and CHIT1 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were highest in the stomach and the lung, respectively, when compared to other tissues. Comparative gene expression analysis of mouse, monkey, and human using monkey–mouse–human hybrid standard DNA showed that the AMCase mRNA levels were exceptionally high in mouse and monkey stomachs while very low in the human stomach. As for the CHIT1 mRNA, we detected higher levels in the monkey lung when compared with those of mouse and human. The differences of mRNA expression between the species in the stomach tissues were basically reflecting the levels of the chitinolytic activities. These results indicate that gene expression of AMCase and CHIT1 differs between mammalian species and requiring special attention in handling data in chitinase-related studies in particular organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Uehara
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan.
| | - Eri Tabata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan.
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (DC1), Koujimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Kazuhiro Ishii
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 3-166A, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Meyer 3-166A, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Misa Ohno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan.
| | - Masayoshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan.
| | - Vaclav Matoska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, 150 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Peter O Bauer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, 150 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Bioinova Ltd., 142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan.
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Tabata E, Kashimura A, Kikuchi A, Masuda H, Miyahara R, Hiruma Y, Wakita S, Ohno M, Sakaguchi M, Sugahara Y, Matoska V, Bauer PO, Oyama F. Chitin digestibility is dependent on feeding behaviors, which determine acidic chitinase mRNA levels in mammalian and poultry stomachs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1461. [PMID: 29362395 PMCID: PMC5780506 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19940-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin, a polymer of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc), functions as a major structural component in chitin-containing organism including crustaceans, insects and fungi. Recently, we reported that acidic chitinase (Chia) is highly expressed in mouse, chicken and pig stomach tissues and that it can digest chitin in the respective gastrointestinal tracts (GIT). In this study, we focus on major livestock and domestic animals and show that the levels of Chia mRNA in their stomach tissues are governed by the feeding behavior. Chia mRNA levels were significantly lower in the bovine (herbivores) and dog (carnivores) stomach than those in mouse, pig and chicken (omnivores). Consistent with the mRNA levels, Chia protein was very low in bovine stomach. In addition, the chitinolytic activity of E. coli-expressed bovine and dog Chia enzymes were moderately but significantly lower compared with those of the omnivorous Chia enzymes. Recombinant bovine and dog Chia enzymes can degrade chitin substrates under the artificial GIT conditions. Furthermore, genomes of some herbivorous animals such as rabbit and guinea pig do not contain functional Chia genes. These results indicate that feeding behavior affects Chia expression levels as well as chitinolytic activity of the enzyme, and determines chitin digestibility in the particular animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eri Tabata
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Akinori Kashimura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Azusa Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Masuda
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Ryo Miyahara
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Yusuke Hiruma
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wakita
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Misa Ohno
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Yasusato Sugahara
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan
| | - Vaclav Matoska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, Roentgenova 37/2, Prague, 150 00, Czech Republic
| | - Peter O Bauer
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Hematology and Immunology, Homolka Hospital, Roentgenova 37/2, Prague, 150 00, Czech Republic
- Bioinova Ltd., Videnska 1083, Prague, 142 20, Czech Republic
| | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0015, Japan.
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Kimura M, Wakita S, Ishikawa K, Sekine K, Yoshikawa S, Sato A, Okawa K, Kashimura A, Sakaguchi M, Sugahara Y, Yamanaka D, Ohno N, Bauer PO, Oyama F. Functional Properties of Mouse Chitotriosidase Expressed in the Periplasmic Space of Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164367. [PMID: 27716783 PMCID: PMC5055312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitotriosidase (Chit1) is an enzyme associated with various diseases, including Gaucher disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Alzheimer disease and cystic fibrosis. In this study, we first expressed mouse mature Chit1 fused with V5 and (His)6 tags at the C-terminus (Chit1-V5-His) in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli and found that most of the expressed protein was insoluble. In contrast, Chit1 tagged with Protein A at the N-terminus and V5-His at the C-terminus, was expressed in the periplasmic space of E. coli as a soluble protein and successfully purified. We evaluated the chitinolytic properties of the recombinant enzyme using 4-nitrophenyl N,N’-diacetyl-β-D-chitobioside [4NP-chitobioside, 4NP-(GlcNAc)2] and found that its activity was comparable to CHO cells-expressed Chit1-V5-His. Optimal conditions for the E. coli-produced Chit1 were pH ~5.0 at 50°C. Chit1 was stable after 1 h incubation at pH 5.0~11.0 on ice and its chitinolytic activity was lost at pH 2.0, although the affinity to chitin remained unchanged. Chit1 efficiently cleaved crystalline and colloidal chitin substrates as well as oligomers of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) releasing primarily (GlcNAc)2 fragments at pH 5.0. On the other hand, (GlcNAc)3 was relatively resistant to digestion by Chit1. The degradation of 4NP-(GlcNAc)2 and (GlcNAc)3 was less evident at pH 7.0~8.0, while (GlcNAc)2 production from colloidal chitin and (GlcNAc)6 at these pH conditions remained strong at the neutral conditions. Our results indicate that Chit1 degrades chitin substrates under physiological conditions and suggest its important pathophysiological roles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kimura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wakita
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
| | - Kotarou Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Sekine
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yoshikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Okawa
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
| | - Akinori Kashimura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
| | - Yasusato Sugahara
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamanaka
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0392, Japan
| | - Naohito Ohno
- Laboratory for Immunopharmacology of Microbial Products, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0392, Japan
| | - Peter O Bauer
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, United States of America
| | - Fumitaka Oyama
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0015, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Savant AP, McColley SA. 2014 year in review: Cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2015; 50:1147-56. [PMID: 26347000 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.23309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we highlight cystic fibrosis (CF) research published in Pediatric Pulmonology during 2014, as well as related articles published in other journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne P Savant
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Susanna A McColley
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Illinois
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Cho SJ, Weiden MD, Lee CG. Chitotriosidase in the Pathogenesis of Inflammation, Interstitial Lung Diseases and COPD. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2014; 7:14-21. [PMID: 25553258 PMCID: PMC4274464 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2015.7.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As a member of 18 glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family, chitotriosidase (Chitinase 1, CHIT1) is a true chitinase mainly expressed in the differentiated and polarized macrophages. CHIT1 is an innate immune mediator that digests the cell walls of chitin-containing eukaryotic pathogens, such as fungi. However, CHIT1 is dysregulated in granulomatous and fibrotic interstitial lung diseases characterized by inflammation and tissue remodeling. These include tuberclosis, sarcoidosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, scleroderma-associated interstitial lung diseases (SSc-ILD), and chronic obstructive lung diseases (COPD). CHIT1 serum concentration correlates with the progression or the severity of these diseases, suggesting a potential use of CHIT1 as a biomarker or a therapeutic target. Recent studies with genetically modified mice demonstrate that CHIT1 enhances TGF-β1 receptor expression and signaling, suggesting a role in initiating or amplifying the response to organ injury and repair. This additional CHIT1 activity is independent of its enzymatic activity. These studies suggest that CHIT1 serves a bridging function; it is both an innate immune mediator and a regulator of tissue remodeling. This review will focus on recent data linking CHIT1 to the pathogenesis of inflammation, interstitial lung disease, and COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Jung Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael D Weiden
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. ; New York University, School of Medicine, Department of Environmental Medicine, Tuxedo Park, NY, USA. ; Bureau of Health Services and Office of Medical Affairs Fire Department of New York, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Chun Geun Lee
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University,Warren Alpert School of Medicine Box G-L, Providence, RI, USA
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