1
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Wang YC, Kegel LL, Knoff DS, Deodhar BS, Astashkin AV, Kim M, Pemberton JE. Layered supramolecular hydrogels from thioglycosides. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:3861-3875. [PMID: 35470365 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00037g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight hydrogels are made of small molecules that aggregate via noncovalent interactions. Here, comprehensive characterization of the physical and chemical properties of hydrogels made from thioglycolipids of the disaccharides lactose and cellobiose with simple alkyl chains is reported. While thiolactoside hydrogels are robust, thiocellobioside gels are metastable, precipitating over time into fibrous crystals that can be entangled to create pseudo-hydrogels. Rheology confirms the viscoelastic solid nature of these hydrogels with storage moduli ranging from 10-600 kPa. Additionally, thiolactoside hydrogels are thixotropic which is a desirable property for many potential applications. Freeze-fracture electron microscopy of xerogels shows layers of stacked sheets that are entangled into networks. These structures are unique compared to the fibers or ribbons typically reported for hydrogels. Differential scanning calorimetry provides gel-to-liquid phase transition temperatures ranging from 30 to 80 °C. Prodan fluorescence spectroscopy allows assignment of phase transitions in the gels and other lyotropic phases of high concentration samples. Phase diagrams are estimated for all hydrogels at 1-10 wt% from 5 to ≥ 80 °C. These hydrogels represent a series of interesting materials with unique properties that make them attractive for numerous potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
| | - Laurel L Kegel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
| | - David S Knoff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1127 E James E Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Bhushan S Deodhar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
| | - Andrei V Astashkin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
| | - Minkyu Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, 1127 E James E Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Arizona, 1235 E James E Rogers Way, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.,BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, 1657 E Helen Street, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Jeanne E Pemberton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306 E University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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2
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The crystal structure and solution behaviour of decyl- and dodecyl α-D-lyxopyranoside: X-ray, NMR, computational and Hirshfeld surface analysis. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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3
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Hashim R, Zahid NI, Velayutham TS, Aripin NFK, Ogawa S, Sugimura A. Dry Thermotropic Glycolipid Self-Assembly:A Review. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:651-668. [PMID: 29760332 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess17261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Also recognized as carbohydrate liquid crystals, glycolipids are amphiphiles whose basic unit comprises of a sugar group attached to an alkyl chain. Glycolipids are amphitropic, which means these materials form liquid crystal self-assemblies when dry (thermotropic) as well as when dissolved in solvents (lyotropic/surfactants) such as water. Many glycolipids are also naturally derived since these can be found in cell membranes. Their membrane and surfactant functions are largely understood through their lyotropic properties. While glycolipids are expected to play major roles as eco-friendly surfactants in the global surfactant market, their usefulness as thermotropic liquid crystal material is, to date, unknown, due to relatively lack of research performed and data reported in the literature. Understandably since glycolipids are hygroscopic with many hydroxy groups, removing the last trace water is very challenging. In recent time, with careful lyophilization and more consistent characterization technique, some researchers have attempted serious studies into "dry" or anhydrous glycolipids. Motivated by possible developments of novel thermotropic applications, some results from these studies also provide surprising new understanding to support conventional wisdom of the lyotropic systems. Here we review the dry state of glycosides, a family of glycolipids whose sugar headgroup is linked to the lipid chain via a glycosidic oxygen linker. The structure property relationship of both linear and anhydrous Guerbet glycosides will be examined. In particular, how the variation of sugar stereochemistry (e.g. anomer vs. epimer), the chain length and chain branching affect the formation of thermotropic liquid crystals phases, which not only located under equilibrium but also far from equilibrium conditions (glassy phase) are scrutinized. The dry glycolipid assembly has been subjected to electric and magnetic fields and the results show interesting behaviors including a possible transient current generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rauzah Hashim
- Centre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya
| | - N Idayu Zahid
- Centre for Fundamental and Frontier Sciences in Nanostructure Self-Assembly, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya
| | - T S Velayutham
- Low Dimensional Materials Research Center, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya
| | | | | | - Akihiko Sugimura
- School of Information Systems Engineering, Osaka Sangyo University
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4
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Beaulieu R, Gottis S, Meyer C, Grand E, Deveaux V, Kovensky J, Stasik I. Cholesteryl and diosgenyl glycosteroids: synthesis and characterization of new smectic liquid crystals. Carbohydr Res 2014; 404:70-8. [PMID: 25665781 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
While present in large numbers in nature, studies on the physical chemical aspects of glycosteroids are quite rare and focused on cholesterol, and all compounds studied thus far have shown liquid crystalline properties in a narrow temperature range. New glycosteroids composed by cholesterol or diosgenin and different glycosidic moieties have been synthesized here in order to analyze the influence of the structure on the formation of mesophases. These compounds have been studied by crossed polarized optical microscopy. These studies have revealed that these new glycosteroids form Smetic A liquid crystals in a broad temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Beaulieu
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agro-ressources (LG2A), CNRS FRE 3517, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France; Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, Université de Picardie-Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France; Semences, Innovation, Protection, Recherche et Environnement (SIPRE), rue des Champs Potez, 62217 Achicourt, France
| | - Sébastien Gottis
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agro-ressources (LG2A), CNRS FRE 3517, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Claire Meyer
- Laboratoire de Physique des systèmes complexes EA 4663, Université de Picardie-Jules Verne, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Eric Grand
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agro-ressources (LG2A), CNRS FRE 3517, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France; Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, Université de Picardie-Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Virginie Deveaux
- Semences, Innovation, Protection, Recherche et Environnement (SIPRE), rue des Champs Potez, 62217 Achicourt, France
| | - José Kovensky
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agro-ressources (LG2A), CNRS FRE 3517, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France; Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, Université de Picardie-Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Imane Stasik
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agro-ressources (LG2A), CNRS FRE 3517, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France; Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, Université de Picardie-Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France.
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5
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Influence of alkyl chain length on the mesomorphism of 5-S-alkyl-5-thiopentonolactones and 5-S-alkyl-5-thiopentitols. Carbohydr Res 2014; 392:31-9. [PMID: 24880612 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Rahman ML, Yusoff MM, Kumar S. Synthesis and photoswitching properties of liquid crystals derived from myo-inositol. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05568c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A new myo-inositol-based liquid crystal can be used for the creation of optical storage devices. The dark area is the UV-irradiated area forming a disordered isotropic phase, whereas the bright area protected from the light by using a mask remains in the ordered phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Lutfor Rahman
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang
- Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Mashitah Mohd Yusoff
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology
- Universiti Malaysia Pahang
- Kuantan, Malaysia
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7
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Oldham ED, Seelam S, Lema C, Aguilera RJ, Fiegel J, Rankin SE, Knutson BL, Lehmler HJ. Synthesis, surface properties, and biocompatibility of 1,2,3-triazole-containing alkyl β-D-xylopyranoside surfactants. Carbohydr Res 2013; 379:68-77. [PMID: 23872788 PMCID: PMC3764597 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
We are interested in the development of surfactants derived from hemicellulosic biomass, as they are potential components in pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and other detergents. Such surfactants should exhibit low toxicity in mammalian cells. In this study we synthesized a series of alkyl or fluoroalkyl β-xylopyranosides from azides and an alkyne using the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne (CuAAC) 'click' reaction in 4 steps from xylose. The purified products were evaluated for both their surfactant properties, and for their biocompatibility. Unlike other carbohydrate-based surfactants, liquid-crystalline behavior was not observed by differential scanning calorimetry. The triazole-containing β-xylopyranosides with short (6 carbons) and long (>12 carbons) chains exhibited no toxicity at concentrations ranging from 1 to 1000 μM. Triazole-containing β-xylopyranosides with 8, 10, or 12 carbons caused toxicity via apoptosis, with CC50 values ranging from 26-890 μM. The two longest chain compounds did form stable monolayers at the air-water interface over a range of temperatures, although a brief transition to an the unstable monolayer was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Davis Oldham
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, The University of Iowa, UI Research Park, IREH, Iowa City, IA 52242-5000, USA
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8
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Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Balance and Its Effect on Mesophase Behaviour in Hydroxyalkyl Ethers of Methyl Glucopyranoside. Chemistry 2013; 19:5041-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201202933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Synthesis of cyanoethyl konjac glucomannan and its liquid crystalline behavior in an ionic liquid. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-011-9758-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Blunk D, Bongartz N, Stubenrauch C, Gärtner V. Syntheses, amphitropic liquid crystallinity, and surface activity of new inositol-based amphiphiles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:7872-7878. [PMID: 19518126 DOI: 10.1021/la900664r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are interesting starting materials for scientific and industrial syntheses as they allow a versatile chemistry. Moreover, they are of natural origin and environmentally benign. During the past few years, inositol, a rather "exotic" carbohydrate, and its derivatives have gained increasing attention. Here, we describe the syntheses of new regiochemically defined inositol monoethers and monoesters as well as regioisomeric inositol ester mixtures and investigate their amphitropic liquid crystallinity. Furthermore, first results on their surface activity in aqueous solutions are given and compared with classical sugar surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Blunk
- Universitat zu Koln, Institut fur Organische Chemie, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Koln, Germany.
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11
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Gerber S, Wulf M, Milkereit G, Vill V, Howe J, Roessle M, Garidel P, Gutsmann T, Brandenburg K. Phase diagrams of monoacylated amide-linked disaccharide glycolipids. Chem Phys Lipids 2009; 158:118-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Queneau Y, Chambert S, Besset C, Cheaib R. Recent progress in the synthesis of carbohydrate-based amphiphilic materials: the examples of sucrose and isomaltulose. Carbohydr Res 2008; 343:1999-2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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6-S-Alkyl-6-thiohexonolactones and 6-S-Alkyl-6-thiohexitols: Efficient synthesis and new smectic liquid crystal phases. J Mol Liq 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2008.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Goodby J, Saez I, Cowling S, Görtz V, Draper M, Hall A, Sia S, Cosquer G, Lee SE, Raynes E. Übertragung und Amplifikation von Informationen und Eigenschaften in nanostrukturierten Flüssigkristallen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200701111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Goodby J, Saez I, Cowling S, Görtz V, Draper M, Hall A, Sia S, Cosquer G, Lee SE, Raynes E. Transmission and Amplification of Information and Properties in Nanostructured Liquid Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:2754-87. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200701111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Milkereit G, Garamus VM, Gerber S, Willumeit R. Self-assembly properties of alkyloxyethyl beta-glycosides with different types of carbohydrate headgroups. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:11488-11495. [PMID: 17924677 DOI: 10.1021/la7021775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of alkyl chain length on micelle formation in aqueous solutions of synthetic alkyloxyethyl glycosides containing an ethyl spacer with different conformations of the disaccharide headgroups was investigated. The molecular shape was systematically changed from a wedge-shaped to a rodlike geometry by changing the type of carbohydrate headgroup. The lipophilic part consists of dodecyl or tetradecyl chains. The adsorption at the liquid-air interface was investigated by surface tension measurements. The micellar phase region (L1) was studied using small-angle neutron scattering. We have observed a strong influence of the linkage between the sugar moieties in the disaccharide headgroup and the ethyl spacer on the micellar structure: the transformation from spherical to disklike aggregates was observed for compounds with a rodlike shape, but only spherical aggregates were formed by the wedge-shaped molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Götz Milkereit
- GKSS Research Centre, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
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17
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Goodby JW, Görtz V, Cowling SJ, Mackenzie G, Martin P, Plusquellec D, Benvegnu T, Boullanger P, Lafont D, Queneau Y, Chambert S, Fitremann J. Thermotropic liquid crystalline glycolipids. Chem Soc Rev 2007; 36:1971-2032. [PMID: 17982519 DOI: 10.1039/b708458g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Are the liquid crystalline properties of the materials of living systems important in biological structures, functions, diseases and treatments? There is a growing consciousness that the observed lyotropic, and often thermotropic liquid crystallinity, of many biological materials that possess key biological functionality might be more than curious coincidence. Rather, as the survival of living systems depends on the flexibility and reformability of structures, it seems more likely that it is the combination of softness and structure of the liquid-crystalline state that determines the functionality of biological materials. The richest sources of liquid crystals derived from living systems are found in cell membranes, of these glycolipids are a particularly important class of components. In this critical review, we will examine the relationship between chemical structure and the self-assembling and self-organising properties of glycolipids that ultimately lead to mesophase formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Goodby
- Department of Chemistry, The University of York, York, UK YO10 5DD
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18
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Demus D. One Century Liquid Crystal Chemistry: From Vorländer's Rods to Disks, Stars and Dendrites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10587250108024978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich Demus
- a Chisso Corporation , 7-3, Marunouchi 2-Chome, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo , 100-8333 , Japan
- b International Scientific Consulting Office , Veilchenweg 22, 06118 , Halle , Germany
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19
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Wang Y, Marques EF. Thermotropic Phase Behavior of Cationic Gemini Surfactants and Their Equicharge Mixtures with Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate. J Phys Chem B 2005; 110:1151-7. [PMID: 16471657 DOI: 10.1021/jp0552729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The lyotropic phase behavior for the neat cationic gemini surfactants alkanediyl-alpha,omega-bis(alkyldimethylammonium bromide), designated here as m-s-m, has been investigated previously in several works, but the thermotropic behavior has not been well characterized. Only for 15-s-15 and 14-s-12 have thermotropic liquid crystals (Lc) been reported. In this work, for the first time and in contrast to previous reports, we observe thermotropic Lc formation for m-2-m geminis with m = 12, 14, 16, and 18, by means of polarizing microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Furthermore, we investigate mixtures of m-2-m and SDS, m-2-m Br2.2SDS, which exhibit crystal-to-crystal phase transitions at lower temperature and, at high temperature, smectic Lc phases. The transition temperatures and enthalpies for Lc phases, obtained by DSC, present clear trends upon increase of the chain lengths. Combining Langmuir film experiments, possible lamellar arrangements for the different phases are tentatively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Centro de Investigação em Química, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, No. 687, P-4169-007 Porto, Portugal
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20
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Milkereit G, Brandenburg K, Gerber S, Koch MHJ, Morr M, Andrä J, Seydel U, Vill V. Synthesis and mesomorphic properties of glycosyl dialkyl- and diacyl-glycerols bearing saturated, unsaturated and methyl branched fatty acid and fatty alcohol chains. Chem Phys Lipids 2005; 135:15-26. [PMID: 15854622 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2005.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2004] [Revised: 01/28/2005] [Accepted: 01/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The biophysical properties of a series of glycosyl dialkyl- and diacyl-glycerols bearing unsaturated or chiral methyl branched chains in the tail, and di- and trisaccharide carbohydrate headgroups are described. Thermotropism was investigated by polarising microscopy, the lyotropism was investigated by small angle X-ray diffraction and by the contact preparation method, and the gel to liquid crystalline phase transition by FT-IR-spectroscopy. The compounds displayed thermotropic Smectic A (SmA), cubic and columnar phases, whereas in the lyotropic phase diagram lamellar, hexagonal and cubic phases are found. The introduction of unsaturated or methyl branched chains leads to liquid crystallinity at ambient temperature. The difference between the 1,3-oleyl-glycerol maltoside and the corresponding 1,2-oleoyl-glycerol maltoside is small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Götz Milkereit
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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21
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Milkereit G, Garamus VM, Yamashita J, Hato M, Morr M, Vill V. Comparison of the Supramolecular Structures of Two Glyco Lipids with Chiral and Nonchiral Methyl-Branched Alkyl Chains from Natural Sources. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:1599-608. [PMID: 16851131 DOI: 10.1021/jp0460238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two alkyl glycosides with the same type of disaccharide headgroups (melibiose) and different methyl-branched alkyl chains, short chiral [(2R,4R,6R,8R)-2,4,6,8-tetramethyldecyl, extracted from an animal source] and long nonchiral (3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecyl, from a plant source), were synthesized. The supramolecular aggregate structure formed in dilute solutions was investigated by small-angle neutron scattering and surface tension measurements. The lyotropic phase diagram was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and water penetration scans. The thermotropic phase behavior was investigated by polarizing microscopy. The compounds showed unusual phase behavior: (i) The liquid-crystalline polymorphism is reduced to only form smectic A phases in the pure state; the formation of lyotropic phases such as hexagonal or lamellar phases was not observed. (ii) The compound with the longer nonchiral alkyl chain is more soluble in water than the one with the shorter chiral chain, most likely because of the different flexibilities of the chains. (iii) For the long-chain compound, the formation of micelles is observed, whereas the short-chain compound forms large disklike/bilayer aggregates. The method of methylation of the chain controls the self-assembly and can explain different biological functions for either plants (variable temperature) or animals (constant temperature).
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Affiliation(s)
- Götz Milkereit
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin Luther King Platz 6, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Milkereit G, Morr M, Thiem J, Vill V. Thermotropic and lyotropic properties of long chain alkyl glycopyranosides: part III: pH-sensitive headgroups. Chem Phys Lipids 2004; 127:47-63. [PMID: 14706740 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2003.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
As part of a series of papers, the influence of carbohydrate headgroups and aliphatic chains on the mesogenic properties of glycolipids was investigated. Alkyl glycosides with different types of aliphatic chains were synthesised. Neutral glycolipids were oxidized to their uronic acid derivatives, using the well established TEMPO-oxidation. For comparison a 6-deoxy-6-amino alkylglucopyranoside was synthesised. In addition, the thermotropic and lyotropic phase behaviour of the synthesised compounds were investigated. The thermotropism was characterised by polarising microscopy, the lyotropism by the contact preparation method.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Milkereit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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23
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Milkereit G, Garamus VM, Veermans K, Willumeit R, Vill V. Synthesis and mesogenic properties of a Y-shaped glyco-glycero-lipid. Chem Phys Lipids 2004; 131:51-61. [PMID: 15210364 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2004.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2003] [Revised: 03/24/2004] [Accepted: 03/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We synthesised a new glyco-glycero-lipid [1,3-di-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-2-amino-N-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol] with a Y-shaped structure bearing two sugar head groups and only one fatty acid chain. Instead of an ester linkage between the glycerol and the fatty acid an amido function was introduced. The mesogenic properties were investigated using polarising microscopy and are discussed with respect to similar compounds. The lyotropism was measured using the contact preparation method and small-angle neutron-scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Milkereit
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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McCubbin JA, Tong X, Wang R, Zhao Y, Snieckus V, Lemieux RP. Directed Metalation Route to Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals with a Chiral Fluorenol Core: The Effect of Restricted Rotation on Polar Order. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:1161-7. [PMID: 14746485 DOI: 10.1021/ja038920f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A new series of smectic C* (SmC*) mesogens containing a chiral (R)-2-octyloxy side chain and either a fluorenone (2a-e) or chiral fluorenol (3a-e) core were synthesized using a combined directed ortho metalation-directed remote metalation strategy. The SmC phase formed by the fluorenol mesogens is more stable and has a wider temperature range than that formed by the fluorenone mesogens, which may be ascribed to intermolecular hydrogen bonding according to variable-temperature FT-IR measurements. The C11 fluorenol mesogens (R,R)-3d and (S,R)-3d were obtained in diastereomerically pure form and gave reduced polarization (Po) values of +106 and +183 nC/cm2, respectively, at 10 K below the SmA*-SmC* phase transition temperature. The difference in Po values suggests that the chiral fluorenol core contributes to the spontaneous polarization of the SmC* phase. This is ascribed to the bent shape of the fluorenol core, which should restrict its rotation with respect to the side chains in the SmC* phase and favor one orientation of its transverse dipole moment along the polar axis, and to steric coupling of the core to the chiral 2-octyloxy side chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Adam McCubbin
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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27
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Vill V, Hashim R. Carbohydrate liquid crystals: structure–property relationship of thermotropic and lyotropic glycolipids. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-0294(02)00091-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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von Minden HM, Brandenburg K, Seydel U, Koch MH, Garamus V, Willumeit R, Vill V. Thermotropic and lyotropic properties of long chain alkyl glycopyranosides. Part II. Disaccharide headgroups. Chem Phys Lipids 2000; 106:157-79. [PMID: 10930567 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-3084(00)00151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the thermotropic and lyotropic properties of some long chain alkyl glycosides with disaccharide headgroups. The thermotropism was measured with polarising microscopy and additionally the lyotropism with the contact preparation method, Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and small angle neutron scattering. A broad thermotropic as well as lyotropic polymorphism was found. The compounds displayed thermotropic S(A) (lamellar) and cubic phases, and the investigation of the lyotropic phase behaviour led to the observation of inverted bicontinuous cubic V(II) phases, lamellar L(alpha) phases, normal bicontinuous cubic V(I) phases, normal columnar H(I) phases, normal discontinuous cubic I(I) phases and lyotropic cholesteric phases. The phases are discussed with respect to the chemical structures that have been varied systematically to derive structure-property relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M von Minden
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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Abstract
Fluorine introduced in the hydrophilic or the hydrophobic region of amphiphiles influences the thermomesomorphy of amphiphilic and monophilic fluorosugars in a very specific manner. This paper is the first review about chiral mesogens based on fluorinated carbohydrates. It covers the literature published so far. Analytical objectives are given to: (i) Effects of fluorine atoms on the H-bonding network of the hydrophilic region of sugar amphiphiles; (ii) Effects of perfluoroalkyl chains compared to alkyl chains; (iii) Polymorphism, e.g., also formation of smectic S(C)* phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Miethchen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Rostock, Germany.
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31
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Donnio B, Seddon JM, Deschenaux R. A Ferrocene-Containing Carbohydrate Surfactant: Thermotropic and Lyotropic Phase Behavior. Organometallics 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/om0001568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Donnio
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, Case postale 2, 2007 Neuchâtel, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London WS7 2AY, England
| | - John M. Seddon
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, Case postale 2, 2007 Neuchâtel, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London WS7 2AY, England
| | - Robert Deschenaux
- Institut de Chimie, Université de Neuchâtel, Avenue de Bellevaux 51, Case postale 2, 2007 Neuchâtel, Switzerland, and Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London WS7 2AY, England
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Hoffmann B, Milius W, Voss G, Wunschel M, van Smaalen S, Diele S, Platz G. Crystal structures and thermotropic properties of alkyl alpha-D-glucopyranosides and their hydrates. Carbohydr Res 2000; 323:192-201. [PMID: 10782301 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(99)00264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thermotropic properties and crystal structures of alkyl alpha-D-glucopyranosides and their hydrates were estimated by X-ray, DSC and thermogravimetric measurements (TGA). Monohydrates rapidly lose their crystal water several degrees below the melting point of the anhydrous glucopyranosides. The melting points of the monohydrates measured in DSC pressure cells (chain length longer than seven) are lower, and the clearing points higher than those of the anhydrous glucosides. Layer distances of smectic and crystalline phases of anhydrous compounds were established. Melting points, densities and layer distances of the crystalline anhydrous glucopyranosides display strong even-odd effects. The strong decrease of these effects in the case of the monohydrates can be elucidated by the results of X-ray crystal structure analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hoffmann
- Department of Physical Chemistry I, University of Bayreuth, Germany
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Vill V, von Minden HM, Koch MH, Seydel U, Brandenburg K. Thermotropic and lyotropic properties of long chain alkyl glycopyranosides. Part I: monosaccharide headgroups. Chem Phys Lipids 2000; 104:75-91. [PMID: 10660214 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-3084(99)00119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A systematic structure variation of a classical amphiphile (dodecyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside) is performed, demonstrating the influence of anomeric linkage, configuration, ring size and flexibility as well as electric charges on the mesophase behaviour. In addition, we have investigated the thermotropic and lyotropic properties of some long chain alkyl glycosides with monosaccharide headgroups. The thermotropism was measured with polarizing microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry, and additionally the lyotropism with FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Vill
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Hamburg, Germany.
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Adasch V, Hoffmann B, Milius W, Platz G, Voss G. Preparation of alkyl α- and β-d-glucopyranosides, thermotropic properties and X-ray analysis. Carbohydr Res 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(98)00302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Hein M, Miethchen R. A new group of liquid crystals based on perfluoroalkylated carbohydrates. Tetrahedron Lett 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(98)01435-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zur C, Miller AO, Miethchen R. Organofluorine compounds and fluorinating agents part 21: perfluoroalkylidene sugars by non-classical acetalation of pyranoses. J Fluor Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1139(98)00159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Miethchen R, Kowalek H, Niemanna A, Diele S, Schick C. Amphiphilic and Mesogenic Carbohydrates, 8. – Liquid Crystalline Alkyl 2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-1-thioglycopyranosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199719970140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Inclusions between large flat organic molecules; the induction of columns and mesophases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01053424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Borisch K, Diele S, Göring P, Tschierske C. Molecular design of amphitropic liquid crystalline carbohydrates–amphiphilic N-methyl-glucamides exhibiting lamellar, columnar or cubic mesophases. Chem Commun (Camb) 1996. [DOI: 10.1039/cc9960000237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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