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Huang R, Lan R, Shen C, Zhang Z, Wang Z, Bao J, Wang Z, Zhang L, Hu W, Yu Z, Zhu S, Wang L, Yang H. Remotely Controlling Drug Release by Light-Responsive Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Microcapsules Triggered by Molecular Motors. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:59221-59230. [PMID: 34851087 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive smart nanocarriers are an emerging class of materials applicable in fields including drug delivery and tissue engineering. Instead of constructing responsive polymer shells to control the release and delivery of drugs, in this work, we put forward a novel strategy to endow the internal drugs with light responsivity. The microcapsule consisted of molecular motor (MM)-doped cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) and drugs. The drug in gelatin-gum arabic microcapsules can protect the carried drugs for a long time with a low release speed totally resulting from drug diffusion. Under UV light, the MM isomerizes and the chirality changes, inducing the alteration of the superstructure of the CLCs. In this process, the cooperative molecular disturbance accelerates the diffusion of the drugs from the microcapsule core to the outside. As a result, thanks to the cooperative effect of liquid crystalline mesogens, molecular-scale geometric changes of motors could be amplified to the microscale disturbance of the self-organized superstructure of the CLCs, resulting in the acceleration of the drug release. This method is hoped to provide opportunities in the design and fabrication of novel functional drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Ruochen Lan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chen Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhongping Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zichen Wang
- College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jinying Bao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zizheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Lanying Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wei Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhan Yu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, P. R. China
| | - Siquan Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital of Capital Medical University, 2 Anzhen Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, P. R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST), Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Huai Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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Ehexige E, Ganbold T, Yu X, Han S, Baigude H. Design of Peptidomimetic Functionalized Cholesterol Based Lipid Nanoparticles for Efficient Delivery of Therapeutic Nucleic Acids. Molecules 2019; 24:E3413. [PMID: 31546908 PMCID: PMC6767268 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) are the most potent carriers for the delivery of nucleic acid-based therapeutics. The first FDA approved a short interfering RNA (siRNA) drug that uses a cationic LNP system for the delivery of siRNA against human transthyretin (hTTR). However, preparation of such LNP involves tedious multi-step synthesis with relatively low yields. In the present study, we synthesized cationic peptidomimetic functionalized cholesterol (denote Chorn) in straightforward chemical approaches with high yield. When formulated with helper lipids, Chorn LNPs complexed with siRNA to form nanoparticles with an average diameter of 150 nm to 200 nm. Chorn LNP mediated transfection of a green fluorescence protein (GFP) expressing plasmid resulted in 60% GFP positive cells. Moreover, Chorn LNP delivered siRNA against polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), a disease related gene in cancer cells and efficiently suppressed the expression of the gene, resulting in significant morphological changes in the cell nuclei. Our data suggested that cholesterol based cationic LNP, prepared through a robust chemical strategy, may provide a promising siRNA delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehexige Ehexige
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, China.
| | - Tsogzolmaa Ganbold
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, China.
| | - Xiang Yu
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, China.
| | - Shuqin Han
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, China.
| | - Huricha Baigude
- Institute of Mongolian Medicinal Chemistry, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, China.
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Albuquerque HMT, Santos CMM, Silva AMS. Cholesterol-Based Compounds: Recent Advances in Synthesis and Applications. Molecules 2018; 24:E116. [PMID: 30597999 PMCID: PMC6337470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This review reports on the latest developments (since 2014) in the chemistry of cholesterol and its applications in different research fields. These applications range from drug delivery or bioimaging applications to cholesterol-based liquid crystals and gelators. A brief overview of the most recent synthetic procedures to obtain new cholesterol derivatives is also provided, as well as the latest anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant new cholesterol-based derivatives. This review discusses not only the synthetic details of the preparation of new cholesterol derivatives or conjugates, but also gives a short summary concerning the specific application of such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio M T Albuquerque
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Clementina M M Santos
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO) Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal.
| | - Artur M S Silva
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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4
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Li L, Zhou F, Li Y, Chen X, Zhang Z, Zhou N, Zhu X. Cooperation of Amphiphilicity and Smectic Order in Regulating the Self-Assembly of Cholesterol-Functionalized Brush-Like Block Copolymers. Langmuir 2018; 34:11034-11041. [PMID: 30133294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle morphology significantly affects the application of nanometer-scale materials. Understanding nanoparticle formation mechanisms and directing morphological control in nanoparticle self-assembly processes have received wide attention. Herein, a series of brush-like amphiphilic liquid crystalline block copolymers, PChEMA m- b-POEGMA n, containing cholesteryl mesogens with different hydrophobic/hydrophilic block ratios were designed and synthesized. The self-assembly behaviors of the resulting PChEMA m- b-POEGMA n block copolymers in different solvents (tetrahydrofuran/H2O, 1,4-dioxane/H2O, and N, N-dimethylformamide) were investigated in detail. Desirable micellar aggregates with well-organized architectures, including short cylindrical micelles, nanofibers, fringed platelets, and ellipsoidal vesicles with smectic micellar cores, were observed in 1,4-dioxane/H2O with an increasing hydrophobic block ratio. Although both amphiphilicity and smectic order governed the self-assembly, these two factors were differently balanced in the different solvents. This unique supramolecular system provides a new strategy for the design of advanced functional nanomaterials with tunable morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Li
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Yiwen Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Xiaofang Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Zhengbiao Zhang
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Nianchen Zhou
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
- Global Institute of Software Technology , No. 5, Qingshan Road , Suzhou National Hi-Tech District, Suzhou 215163 , China
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Lei H, Liu J, Yan J, Quan J, Fang Y. Luminescent Helical Nanofiber Self-Assembled from a Cholesterol-Based Metalloamphiphile and Its Application in DNA Conformation Recognition. Langmuir 2016; 32:10350-10357. [PMID: 27648676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Compared to pure organic amphiphiles, metalloamphiphiles display distinctive features, including luminescence, magnetism and catalytic properties. However, the self-organization of metalloamphiphiles is commonly driven by solvophobic effects. Alkyl chains and oligomeric ethylene glycol moieties are thus the most frequently used aggregation units to drive the self-assembly of metalloamphiphiles. We expect novel metallo-supramolecular structures with exciting functions to be created if additional noncovalent interaction modes are incorporated. In this work, a new type of metalloamphiphile, consisting of a Tb(III) complex head and a cholesteryl unit (TbL3+(I)), was designed and synthesized. TbL3+(I) spontaneously self-assembles into helical nanofibers (d = 6 nm) in water. This synthetic multivalent nanoscale binding array displays powerful capability for the recognition of DNA conformations through a turn-on luminescence sensing mechanism. ssDNA-kit1 triggered a 26-fold increase in the luminescence intensity of TbL3+(I). Its corresponding G-quadruplex structure (G-quadruplex-kit1), however, induced a 6.6-fold enhancement under the same conditions. Consequently, TbL3+(I) nanofibers can monitor DNA folding. In contrast, neither ssDNA-kit1 nor G-quadruplex-kit1 markedly promoted the luminescence of molecularly dispersed TbL3+(II), illustrating that the multivalent electrostatic interactions between the phosphate groups on the backbone of DNA and TbL3+(I) self-assembled into nanofibers could greatly improve the efficiency of the energy transfer between the guanine units and the organized TbL3+(I). The TbL3+(I) nanofibers could bind and distinguish not only the kit1-ssDNA/G-quadruplex but also the conformations of other G-rich DNA, such as spb1, htelo, and intermolec-htelo. The self-assembly of luminescent metalloamphiphiles thus provides a general and convenient strategy for the efficient recognition and conversion of molecular information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Lei
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Junlin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingmiao Quan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062, People's Republic of China
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6
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Kim Y, Tamaoki N. Asymmetric Dimers of Chiral Azobenzene Dopants Exhibiting Unusual Helical Twisting Power upon Photoswitching in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:4918-4926. [PMID: 26815738 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized asymmetric dimeric chiral molecules as photon-mode chiral switches for reversible tuning of self-assembled helical superstructures. The chiral switches bearing two mesogen units-cholesterol and azobenzene moieties connected through flexible alkylenedioxy bridges-were doped into nematic liquid crystals, resulting in a chiral nematic (cholesteric) phase. Under irradiation with UV light, photoisomerization of the azobenzene units led to unprecedented switching of the cholesteric pitch and helical twisting power (HTP, β), with a higher HTP found in the cis-rich state (bent-form) than in the trans-state (rod-form). We attribute this behavior to the elongated cybotactic smectic clusters disrupting the helical orientation of the molecules in the cholesteric liquid crystals; their reversible decay and reassembly was evidenced upon sequential irradiation with UV and visible light, respectively. In addition to the photoisomerization of the azobenzene units, the odd/even parity of the alkylenedioxy linkers of the dimeric dopants also had a dramatic effect on the transitions of the cybotactic smectic domains. On the basis of the large rotational reorganization of the cholesteric helix and HTP switching (Δβ/βini of up to 50%), we could control the macroscopic rotational motion of microsized glass rods upon irradiating the surface of a cholesteric liquid crystal film featuring a polygonal fingerprint texture using UV and visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Kim
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University , Kita20, Nishi10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tamaoki
- Research Institute for Electronic Science, Hokkaido University , Kita20, Nishi10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
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7
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Yin L, Wu Y, Gao J, Ma J, Hu Z, Zou G, Zhang Q. Optically binary liquid crystalline blue phases induced by one-armed cholesterol-linked azobenzene molecules. Soft Matter 2015; 11:6145-6151. [PMID: 26144839 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01062d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of one-armed cholesterol-linked azobenzene molecules named CholXAzo with different spacers were synthesized, in which Chol6Azo was found to have induced blue phases (BPs) with a concentration of 4.0 wt%. Under irradiation of 385 nm UV light with a density of 15.0 mW cm(-2), photo-responsive behaviour of the 4.0 wt% Chol6Azo doped sample named B3 shows a sensitive temperature dependence, which means that at 38.0 °C a phase transition from BPs to the isotropic phase is induced; however, at 33.0 °C, this phase transition does not take place. Results from the research show that the optically binary phase transition behaviour of B3 is sensitive to the isomerization degree of Chol6Azo, which is closely related to the stability of the BP structure and there is a critical isomerization degree of 13.7% for the phase transition of the B3 liquid crystals. Further POM observation shows that the liquid crystal samples doped with different concentrations of Chol6Azo have an increasing transition temperature for photo-induced phase transition from the BP to the isotropic phase along with the increasing concentration of Chol6Azo, which are found to have the same changing tendency with phase transition temperature from the isotropic phase to BPs and a phase diagram is made to map the optically binary behaviour of Chol6Azo doped blue phase liquid crystals. At last, a simple pattern with the BP and the isotropic phase arranged at an interval was made in this optically binary liquid crystalline blue phase under a suitable photomask.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leicheng Yin
- Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China.
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Cui J, Qi B, Gan C, Liu Z, Huang H, Lin Q, Zhao D, Huang Y. Synthesis and in vitro antiproliferative evaluation of some B-norcholesteryl Benzimidazole and Benzothiazole derivatives. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:2488-504. [PMID: 25913705 PMCID: PMC4413222 DOI: 10.3390/md13042488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Taking orostanal (a compound from a Japanese marine sponge, Stelletta hiwasaensis) as a lead compound, some novel B-norcholesteryl benzimidazole and benzothiazole derivatives were synthesized. The antiproliferative activity of the compounds against human cervical carcinoma (HeLa), human lung carcinoma (A549), human liver carcinoma cells (HEPG2) and normal kidney epithelial cells (HEK293T) was assayed. The results revealed that the benzimidazole group was a better substituent than benzothiazole group for increasing the antiproliferative activity of compounds. 2-(3β′-Acetoxy-5β′-hydroxy-6′-B-norcholesteryl)benzimidazole (9b) with the structure of 6-benzimidazole displays the best antiproliferative activity to the cancer cells in all compounds, but is almost inactive to normal kidney epithelial cells (HEK293T). The assay of compound 9b to cancer cell apoptosis by flow cytometry showed that the compound was able to effectively induce cancer cell apoptosis. The research provided a theoretical reference for the exploration of new anti-cancer agents and may be useful for the design of novel chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguo Cui
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Qizhou University, Qizhou 535099, China.
| | - Binbin Qi
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China.
| | - Chunfang Gan
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China.
| | - Zhipin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China.
| | - Hu Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Qizhou University, Qizhou 535099, China.
| | - Qifu Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, Qizhou University, Qizhou 535099, China.
| | - Dandan Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China.
| | - Yanmin Huang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China.
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Beaulieu R, Gottis S, Meyer C, Grand E, Deveaux V, Kovensky J, Stasik I. Cholesteryl and diosgenyl glycosteroids: synthesis and characterization of new smectic liquid crystals. Carbohydr Res 2014; 404:70-8. [PMID: 25665781 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
While present in large numbers in nature, studies on the physical chemical aspects of glycosteroids are quite rare and focused on cholesterol, and all compounds studied thus far have shown liquid crystalline properties in a narrow temperature range. New glycosteroids composed by cholesterol or diosgenin and different glycosidic moieties have been synthesized here in order to analyze the influence of the structure on the formation of mesophases. These compounds have been studied by crossed polarized optical microscopy. These studies have revealed that these new glycosteroids form Smetic A liquid crystals in a broad temperature range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Beaulieu
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agro-ressources (LG2A), CNRS FRE 3517, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France; Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, Université de Picardie-Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France; Semences, Innovation, Protection, Recherche et Environnement (SIPRE), rue des Champs Potez, 62217 Achicourt, France
| | - Sébastien Gottis
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agro-ressources (LG2A), CNRS FRE 3517, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Claire Meyer
- Laboratoire de Physique des systèmes complexes EA 4663, Université de Picardie-Jules Verne, 33 rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Eric Grand
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agro-ressources (LG2A), CNRS FRE 3517, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France; Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, Université de Picardie-Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Virginie Deveaux
- Semences, Innovation, Protection, Recherche et Environnement (SIPRE), rue des Champs Potez, 62217 Achicourt, France
| | - José Kovensky
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agro-ressources (LG2A), CNRS FRE 3517, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France; Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, Université de Picardie-Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Imane Stasik
- Laboratoire de Glycochimie, des Antimicrobiens et des Agro-ressources (LG2A), CNRS FRE 3517, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France; Institut de Chimie de Picardie FR 3085, Université de Picardie-Jules Verne, 33 rue Saint-Leu, 80039 Amiens, France.
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10
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Nguyen HQ, Davis RA, Gervay-Hague J. Synthesis and structural characterization of three unique Helicobacter pylori α-cholesteryl phosphatidyl glucosides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:13400-3. [PMID: 25195783 PMCID: PMC4319363 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201406529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Steryl glycosides produced by bacteria play important biological roles in the evasion and modulation of host immunity. Step-economical syntheses of three cholesteryl-6-O-phosphatidyl-α-D-glucopyranosides (αCPG) unique to Helicobacter pylori have been achieved. The approach relies upon regioselective deprotection of per-O-trimethylsilyl-α-D-cholesterylglucoside at C6 followed by phosphoramidite coupling. Global TMS ether deprotection in the presence of oxygen and subsequent deprotection of the cyano ethyl phosphoester afforded the target compounds in 16-21 % overall yield starting from D-glucose. The structures of these natural products were determined using a combination of 2D NMR methods and mass spectrometry. These robust synthesis and characterization protocols provide analogues to facilitate glycolipidomic profiling and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Q. Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
| | - Ryan A. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
| | - Jacquelyn Gervay-Hague
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 (USA)
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11
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Abstract
The synthesis of 4-(3-cholesteroxycarbonylpropyloxy)biphenyl (BO4-chol), 4-(7-cholesteroxycarbonylheptyloxy)biphenyl (BO8-chol), and 4,4'-bis(7-cholesteroxycarbonyl heptyloxy)biphenyl (BBO8-chol) is reported. These gelators form 1% and 2% (w/w) stable gels in n-octanol. The gels formed from single cholesterol gelators (BO4-chol and BO8-chol) exhibit lower phase transition temperatures (Tg) (62-65, 68-69 °C) than the gel obtained from the bischolesterol gelator BBO8-chol (96-98 °C). All three gelators form chiral gels in n-octanol as observed by induced circular dichroism (ICD) spectroscopy. The effect of two cholesterol moieties versus one cholesterol unit linked to a biphenyl molecule by a flexible chain, and the effect of the chain length on the gelation ability of these three novel gelators was investigated by circular dichroism (CD), absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopies. The gels obtained from BO4-chol and BO8-chol exhibit biphasic circular dichroism spectra with opposite chirality. The ICD spectra of both BO8-chol and BBO8-chol gels show a positive ICD band followed by a negative band at room temperature. However, while BO8-chol gel ICD absorptions decrease equally as temperature increases, BBO8-chol gel shows an inversion of the Cotton effect bands between 50 and 60 °C until completely disappearing above the phase transition temperature. SEM was used for the investigation of the morphology of the xerogels. On the basis of XRD data and molecular modeling, we propose packing modes for the formation of the organogelator aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Cristina Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York College at Geneseo , Geneseo, New York 14454, United States
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Tabaei SR, Jackman JA, Kim SO, Liedberg B, Knoll W, Parikh AN, Cho NJ. Formation of cholesterol-rich supported membranes using solvent-assisted lipid self-assembly. Langmuir 2014; 30:13345-52. [PMID: 25286344 DOI: 10.1021/la5034433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the application of a solvent-exchange method to prepare supported membranes containing high fractions of cholesterol (up to ∼57 mol %) in an apparent equilibrium. The method exploits the phenomenon of reverse-phase evaporation, in which the deposition of lipids in alcohol (e.g., isopropanol) is followed by the slow removal of the organic solvent from the water-alcohol mixture. This in turn induces a series of lyotropic phase transitions successively producing inverse-micelles, monomers, micelles, and vesicles in equilibrium with supported bilayers at the contacting solid surface. By using the standard cholesterol depletion by methyl-β-cyclodextrin treatment, a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring assay confirms that the cholesterol concentration in the supported membranes is comparable to that in the surrounding bulk phase. A quantitative characterization of the biophysical properties of the resultant bilayer, including lateral diffusion constants and phase separation, using epifluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy establishes the formation of laterally contiguous supported lipid bilayers, which break into a characteristic domain-pattern of coexisting phases in a cholesterol concentration-dependent manner. With increasing cholesterol fraction in the supported bilayer, the size of the domains increases, ultimately yielding two-dimensional cholesterol bilayer domains near the solubility limit. A unique feature of the approach is that it enables preparation of supported membranes containing limiting concentrations of cholesterol near the solubility limit under equilibrium conditions, which cannot be obtained using conventional techniques (i.e., vesicle fusion).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed R Tabaei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University , 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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13
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Grossutti M, Seenath R, Conlon S, Leitch JJ, Li J, Lipkowski J. Spectroscopic and permeation studies of phospholipid bilayers supported by a soft hydrogel scaffold. Langmuir 2014; 30:10862-10870. [PMID: 25147944 DOI: 10.1021/la502925p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polarized attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to characterize a lipid coating composed of 70 mol % 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and 30 mol % cholesterol, supported on a spherical hydrogel scaffold. The fluorescence microscopy images show an association between the lipid coating and the hydrogel scaffold. Fluorescence permeability measurements revealed that the phospholipid coating acts as a permeability barrier, exhibiting characteristics of a lamellar bilayer coating structure. Variable evanescent wave penetration depth ATR-IR spectroscopy studies validated the determination of quantitative molecular orientation information for a lipid coating supported on a spherical scaffold. These polarized ATR-IR studies measured an average DMPC acyl chain tilt angle of ∼21-25°, with respect to the surface normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Grossutti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
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14
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Geng S, Yang B, Wang G, Qin G, Wada S, Wang JY. Two cholesterol derivative-based PEGylated liposomes as drug delivery system, study on pharmacokinetics and drug delivery to retina. Nanotechnology 2014; 25:275103. [PMID: 24960297 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/25/27/275103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two cholesterol derivatives, (4-cholesterocarbonyl-4'-(N,N,N-triethylamine butyloxyl bromide) azobenzene (CAB) and 4-cholesterocarbonyl-4'-(N,N-diethylamine butyloxyl) azobenzene (ACB), one of which is positively charged while the other is neutral, were synthesized and incorporated with phospholipids and cholesterol to form doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded liposomes. PEGylation was achieved by including 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatiylethanol-amine-N-[methoxy-(polyethylene glycol)-2000 (DSPE-PEG2000). Our results showed that PEGylated liposomes displayed significantly improved stability and the drug leakage was decreased compared to the non-PEGylated ones in vitro. The in vivo study with rats also revealed that the pharmacokinetics and circulation half-life of DOX were significantly improved when liposomes were PEGylated (p < 0.05). In particular, the neutral cholesterol derivative ACB played some role in improving liposomes' stability in systemic circulation compared to the conventional PC liposome and the positively charged CAB liposome, with or without PEGylation. In addition, in the case of local drug delivery, the positively charged PEG-liposome not only delivered much more of the drug into the rats' retinas (p < 0.001), but also maintained much longer drug retention time compared to the neutral PEGylated liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyong Geng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, People's Republic of China
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15
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Salinas R, Arellano-García J, Perea-Arango I, Alvarez L, Garduño-Ramírez ML, Marquina S, Zamilpa A, Castillo-España P. Production of the anti-inflammatory compound 6-O-palmitoyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylcampesterol by Callus cultures of Lopezia racemosa Cav. (Onagraceae). Molecules 2014; 19:8679-90. [PMID: 24962399 PMCID: PMC6271479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19068679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lopezia racemosa Cav. is a plant used in Mexican traditional medicine to heal inflammatory diseases. From this plant we isolated the novel compound 6-O-palmitoyl- 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylcampesterol (1) and 6-O-palmitoyl-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-β-sitosterol (2), previously reported to have cytotoxic activity on several cancer cell lines. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of 1 in vivo by mouse ear edema induced with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and 57.14% inhibition was observed. The aim of our study was to obtain callus cultures derived from this plant species with the ability to produce the compounds of interest. Callus cultures were initiated on MS basal medium amended with variable amounts of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), or 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), combined or not with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Ten treatments with these growth regulators were carried out, using in vitro germinated seedlings as source of three different explants: hypocotyl, stem node, and leaf. Highest yield of 1 was observed on callus derived from leaf explants growing in medium containing 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.5 mg/L BAP. Selected callus lines produced less 1 than wild plants but the in vitro cultured seedlings showed higher production. So we conclude that it could be attractive to further investigate their metabolic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Salinas
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca CP 62209, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Arellano-García
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca CP 62209, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Irene Perea-Arango
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca CP 62209, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Laura Alvarez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca CP 62209, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - María Luisa Garduño-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca CP 62209, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Silvia Marquina
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca CP 62209, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Alejandro Zamilpa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Argentina No. 1, Xochitepec CP 62790, Morelos, Mexico.
| | - Patricia Castillo-España
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Av. Universidad 1001, Cuernavaca CP 62209, Morelos, Mexico.
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16
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Abstract
Herein, we report the first synthesis of a demethylated form of cholesterol (18,19-di-nor-cholesterol), in which the C18 and C19 methyl groups of the β-face were eliminated. Recent molecular simulations modeling 18,19-di-nor-cholesterol have suggested that cholesterol's opposing rough β-face and smooth α-face play necessary roles in cholesterol's membrane condensing abilities and, additionally, that specific facial preferences are displayed as cholesterol interacts with different neighboring lipids and transmembrane proteins. Inspired by these poorly characterized biochemical interactions, an extensive 18-step synthesis was completed as part of a collaborative effort, wherein synthesizing a "smoothened" cholesterol analogue would provide a direct way to experimentally measure the significance of the β-face methyl groups. Starting from known perhydrochrysenone A, the synthesis of 18,19-di-nor-cholesterol was accomplished with an excellent overall yield of 3.5%. The use of the highly stereoselective Dieckmann condensation and the employment of Evans' chiral auxiliary were both key to ensuring the success of this synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel Mydock-McGrane
- Department
of Developmental Biology, Anesthesiology, and Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
| | - Nigam P. Rath
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of Missouri−St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, United States
| | - Douglas F. Covey
- Department
of Developmental Biology, Anesthesiology, and Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, United States
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17
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Gan C, Lin Q, Cui J, Feng J, Guo J, Liao H, Huang Y. Synthesis and in vitro antiproliferative evaluation of some novel B-norcholesterols. Steroids 2014; 79:37-43. [PMID: 24211321 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Some novel B-norcholesterols with different substituted groups were synthesized. The antiproliferative activity of the compounds against cervical carcinoma (HeLa), liver cancer (Bel 7404) and gastric cancer (SGC 7901) cells was assayed. The results revealed that the presence of a 6-alkylthiosemicarbazone or 6-cyano group could enhance the antiproliferative activity of these compounds. The induction of compounds 6 and 9 to cancer cell apoptosis were assayed by flow cytometry, and the results showed that the compounds were able to effectively induce cancer cell apoptosis. The research provided a theoretical reference for the exploration of new anti-cancer drug. The results suggest that compounds 6 and 9 based on its abeo-cholestane may constitute a novel class of antiproliferative agents, which deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Gan
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Qifu Lin
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Jianguo Cui
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China.
| | - Jidan Feng
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Jinni Guo
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Huoying Liao
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China
| | - Yanmin Huang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China.
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18
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Bildziukevich U, Rárová L, Saman D, Havlíček L, Drašar P, Wimmer Z. Amides derived from heteroaromatic amines and selected steryl hemiesters. Steroids 2013; 78:1347-52. [PMID: 24145008 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The current interest of the team has been focused on investigation of novel amides with potential cytotoxicity. The presented series of compounds was synthesized from selected steryl hemiesters and heteroaromatic amines. The synthetic protocol was designed in a simple and economic way, and divided into several general methodologies applicable to the compounds synthesized. The cytotoxicity was tested on cells derived from human T-lymphoblastic leukemia, breast adenocarcinoma and cervical cancer, and compared with tests on normal human fibroblasts. Most of the lanosterol-based compounds (3-5 and 7-10) showed medium to good cytotoxicity, while only two derivatives of cholesterol (18 and 19) showed medium cytotoxicity on human T-lymphoblastic leukemia cell line. The compounds 8 and 9 displayed the reasonable cytotoxicity among this series of amides, tested on the cell lines of T-lymphoblastic leukemia [14.5±0.4 μM (8) and 18.5±3.9 μM (9)], breast adenocarcinoma [19.5±2.1 μM (8) and 23.1±4.0 μM (9)] and cervical cancer [24.8±5.3 μM (8) and 29.1±4.7 μM (9)]. Only the compound 8 was adequately less active on normal human fibroblasts (40.4±11.1 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Uladzimir Bildziukevich
- Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, v.v.i., Isotope Laboratory, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic; Institute of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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19
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Ghanbarzadeh S, Arami S, Pourmoazzen Z, Khorrami A. Improvement of the antiproliferative effect of rapamycin on tumor cell lines by poly (monomethylitaconate)-based pH-sensitive, plasma stable liposomes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 115:323-30. [PMID: 24394948 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
pH-responsive polymers produce liposomes with pH-sensitive property which can release their encapsulated drug under mild acidic conditions found inside the cellular endosomes, inflammatory tissues and cancerous cells. The aim of this study was preparing pH-sensitive and plasma stable liposomes in order to enhance the selectivity and antiproliferative effect of Rapamycin. In the present study we used PEG-poly (monomethylitaconate)-CholC6 (PEG-PMMI-CholC6) copolymer and Oleic acid (OA) to induce pH-sensitive property in Rapamycin liposomes. pH-sensitive liposomal formulations bearing copolymer PEG-PMMI-CholC6 and OA were characterized in regard to physicochemical stability, pH-responsiveness and stability in human plasma. The ability of pH-sensitive liposomes in enhancing the cytotoxicity of Rapamycin was evaluated in vitro by using colon cancer cell line (HT-29) and compared with its cytotoxicity on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) line. Both formulations were found to release their contents under mild acidic conditions rapidly. However, unlike OA-based liposomes, the PEG-PMMI-CholC6 bearing liposomes preserved their pH-sensitivity in plasma. Both types of pH-sensitive Rapamycin-loaded liposomes exhibited high physicochemical stability and could deliver antiproliferative agent into HT-29 cells much more efficiently in comparison with conventional liposomes. Conversely, the antiproliferative effect of pH-sensitive liposomes on HUVEC cell line was less than conventional liposomes. This study showed that both OA and PEG-PMMI-CholC6-based vesicles could submit pH-sensitive property, however, only PEG-PMMI-CholC6-based liposomes could preserve pH-sensitive property after incubation in plasma. As a result pH-sensitive PEG-PMMI-CholC6-based liposomal formulation can improve the selectivity, stability and antiproliferative effect of Rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghanbarzadeh
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sanam Arami
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Pourmoazzen
- Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Iran
| | - Arash Khorrami
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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20
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Liu K, Liu T, Chen X, Sun X, Fang Y. Fluorescent films based on molecular-gel networks and their sensing performances. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:9830-9836. [PMID: 24028543 DOI: 10.1021/am4030774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A pyrene-capped terthiophene of cholesteryl derivative (CholG-3T-Py) was designed, synthesized, and utilized for the fabrication of a fluorescent film. Unlike the commonly adopted direct-coating method, the film was fabricated by the physical immobilization of the fluorophore, CholG-3T-Py, onto a glass plate surface via preformed low-molecular-mass gelator (LMMGs)-based molecular-gel networks. The photophysical behavior of the film as prepared and its sensing performances to nitrobenzene (NB) were conducted after activation with toluene. It was found that the film as prepared and activated is sensitive to the presence of NB, and the sensing process is fully reversible. Furthermore, the effects of commonly found interferents, including structural analogues, raw materials, which are commonly used for the production of NB, and other nitroaromatics (NACs), on the sensing process were also tested. It was shown that only aniline and phenol possess slight interference. The present work not only extends the applications of LMMGs-based molecular gels but also provids a new approach for preparation of micro- and nano-structure-based fluorescent sensing films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University , Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
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21
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Koag MC, Cheun Y, Kou Y, Ouzon-Shubeita H, Min K, Monzingo AF, Lee S. Synthesis and structure of 16,22-diketocholesterol bound to oxysterol-binding protein Osh4. Steroids 2013; 78:938-44. [PMID: 23756172 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized 16,22-diketocholesterol, a novel ligand for oxysterol-binding protein Osh4, and determined X-ray structure of the diketocholesterol in complex with Osh4. The X-ray structure shows that α7 helix of Osh4 assumes open conformation while the rest of Osh4, closed conformation, implying this diketocholesterol-bound Osh4 structure may represent a structural intermediate between the two conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong Chul Koag
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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22
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Apiratikul N, Penglong T, Suksen K, Svasti S, Chairoungdua A, Yingyongnarongkula B. In vitro delivery of curcumin with cholesterol-based cationic liposomes. Bioorg Khim 2013; 39:497-503. [PMID: 24707732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new cholesterol-based cationic lipid was synthesized; liposomes prepared on its basis were evaluated as drug delivery vehicles for curcumin. Free and liposome-encapsulated curcumin cytotoxicity against HeLa, A549, HepG2, K562 and 1301 cell lines was assessed. Liposomal curcumin with ED50 values ranging from 2.5-10 microM exhibited 2-8 times higher cytotoxicity than free curcumin. The synthetic cholesterol-based cationic lipid also enhanced cellular uptake of curcumin into tested cells. Cationic liposome alone showed low cytotoxicity at high doses with ED50 values of 90-210 microM.
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23
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Kuang Y, Liu J, Liu Z, Zhuo R. Cholesterol-based anionic long-circulating cisplatin liposomes with reduced renal toxicity. Biomaterials 2011; 33:1596-606. [PMID: 22079777 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol anchored derivatives of 5-Cholestene-3-beta-ol 3-hemisuccinate (CHO-HS) and 1-cholesteryl-4-ω-methoxy-polyethylene glycol succinate (CHO-PEG) have been synthesized via esterification and employed at various ratios with di-stearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC) in the preparation of anionic long-circulating nanoliposmes for cisplatin (CDDP) delivery. In the present study, CHO-HS and CHO-PEG were characterized by FTIR and (1)H NMR. The particle size and zeta potential of liposomes were determined by Dynamic lights scattering (DLS). The obtained liposomes have concentratedly distributed nanosizes around 100 nm and proper zeta potentials between -39.7 mV and -3.18 mV and good physical stability in test period of 28 days. Fine morphology of the liposomal vesicles can be observed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The CDDP encapsulating percentage of liposomes was 43-94% and loading efficiency was 7.5-29.3%, depending on the presence or absence of CHO-HS and CHO-PEG. In addition, the in vitro drug release behaviors, in vitro cytotoxicity against HeLa cells and 293T cells and in vivo CDDP distribution of CDDP loaded CHO-HS/CHO-PEG liposomes were evaluated. The results suggest that CHO-HS/CHO-PEG nanoliposomes represent a promising strategy for the CDDP delivery as an effective long-circulating drug carrier system which may reduce the acute renal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
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24
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Aminin DL, Zaporozhets TS, Adryjashchenko PV, Avilov SA, Kalinin VI, Stonik VA. Radioprotective properties of Cumaside, a complex of triterpene glycosides from the sea cucumber Cucumaria japonica and cholesterol. Nat Prod Commun 2011; 6:587-592. [PMID: 21615013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The radioprotective activity has been studied of a new immunomodulatory lead material, Cumaside, which is a complex of monosulfated triterpene glycosides from the edible sea cucumber Cucumaria japonica and cholesterol. Female CD-1 strain mice administered with prophylactic doses of Cumaside were irradiated using a Gamma-therapeutic device with a 60Co source (exposure dose 6.5 Gy, dose rate 1.14 Gy/min) and the average life span of the mice was determined. The animals administrated with Cumaside and irradiated were killed by pervisceral dislocation on days 4 and 9. Peripheral blood cell composition indexes, blood forming function and cell number in blood-forming organs and the number of pluripotent blood-forming stem cells were determined using standard procedures and the results compared with those of non-treated irradiated mice. The survivability percentage and average life span of the irradiated mice that were not treated with Cumaside were decreased in comparison with the Cumaside-treated groups. Especially, the leukocyte and neutrophil numbers in the blood (bone marrow from hip), and the weight and cell number of lymphoid organs were higher in the Cumaside-treated groups compared with the non-treated irradiated mice. It was concluded that at low prophylactic doses Cumaside possesses moderate radioprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry L Aminin
- Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia.
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25
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Abstract
A series of cholesterol derivatives have been synthesised via the alkylation reaction of the 3-hydroxyl group with the aliphatic bromide compounds with different chain lengths, namely 3β-alkyloxy-cholesterol. The double bond between the C5 and C6 positions in these cholesterol derivatives was oxidised into epoxy, followed by an epoxy-ring-opening reaction with the treatment with acrylic acid, resulting in a series of 3β-alkyloxy-5α-hydroxy-6β-acryloyloxycholesterol, C(n)OCh (n=1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12), The acrylate group is connected to the C6 position, which is confirmed by the single crystal structure analysis. The corresponding polymers, PC(n)OCh, were prepared via free radical polymerisation. The structure of monomers and the resulting polymers were characterised with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thermal properties of PC(n)OCh were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). To determine the secondary structure of polymers, circular dichroism (CD) spectra were performed. It was found that not all monomers produce high-molecular-weight polymers because of steric hindrance. However, all polymers have a helical structure, which can be enhanced by increasing the alkoxy chain length. In addition, increasing the alkoxy chain length decreases the glass transition temperature and increases the decomposition temperature of the polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering of China, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province 610065, China
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26
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Abstract
A convenient synthesis of sidechain-modified phytosterols is achieved via a temporary masking of the stigmasterol 5,6-alkene as an epoxide. Following performance of the desired modification, the alkene is regenerated through a mild deoxygenation. The approach is applied to the syntheses of beta-sitosterol and campesterol acetate, and suggests a facile route to the (Z)-isomers of Delta(22-23) phytosterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Hang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 809 Hamilton Hall, Lincoln, NE 68588-0304, USA
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27
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Nogueira GC, Costa BZ, Crotti AEM, Bragagnolo N. Synthesis of 7-hydroperoxycholesterol and its separation, identification, and quantification in cholesterol heated model systems. J Agric Food Chem 2010; 58:10226-10230. [PMID: 20799691 DOI: 10.1021/jf102252r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
7-Hydroperoxycholesterol is considered to be an intermediate compound of the cholesterol oxidation path as the first product formed when cholesterol is oxidized by triplet oxygen. However, there is a limitation on cholesterol mechanism studies because of the lack of 7-hydroperoxycholesterol analytical standard due to its low stability. To verify the formation of hydroperoxides in cholesterol model systems heated at 140, 180, and 220 °C, 7α-hydroperoxycholesterol was synthesized by cholesterol photooxidation followed by rearrangement at room temperature in chloroform. Its structure was confirmed on the basis of 13C NMR and mass spectra obtained by APCI-LC-MS. The synthesized compound was also used as standard for the quantification of 7-hydroperoxycholesterol as the sum of 7α- and 7β-hydroperoxycholesterol. The results demonstrated that 7-hydroperoxycholesterol is the first compound formed when the temperature is lower (140 °C). However, the concentration of the 7-hydroperoxycholesterol depends on the temperature and time of exposure: the higher the time, the higher the amount of 7-hydroperoxycholesterol at lower temperatures, and the lower the time, the lower the amount of 7-hydroperoxycholesterol at higher temperatures (180 and 220 °C). By the formation of 7-hydroperoxycholesterol, the known cholesterol oxidation mechanism in three phases (initiation, propagation, and termination) could be confirmed; once at lower temperatures, the stage of cholesterol oxidation is at initiation, at which hydroperoxide formation predominates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine C Nogueira
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Radchatawedchakoon W, Watanapokasin R, Krajarng A, Yingyongnarongkul BE. Solid phase synthesis of novel asymmetric hydrophilic head cholesterol-based cationic lipids with potential DNA delivery. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 18:330-42. [PMID: 19932970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.10.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four asymmetric divalent head group cholesterol-based cationic lipids were designed and synthesized by parallel solid phase chemistry. These asymmetric head groups composed of amino functionality together with trimethylamino, di(2-hydroxyethyl)amino or guanidinyl groups. Spacers between cationic heads and linker were both equal and unequal in length. These lipids were subjected to evaluation for DNA binding affinities by gel retardation assay and were screened for their transfection efficiency on HEK293 cells. Cationic lipids with equal chain length exhibited high transfection efficiency when polar part contained asymmetric polar heads. In contrast, lipids with unequal chain length exhibited high transfection efficiency when polar part contained symmetric heads. According to the optimal formulation, seven lipids exhibited higher transfection efficiency than the commercially available transfection agents, Effectene, DOTAP and DC-Chol, to deliver DNA into PC3 human prostate adenocarcinoma cells. 3beta-[N-(N'-Guanidinyl)-2'-aminoethyl)-N-(2-aminoethyl)carbamoyl] cholesterol (5) bearing amino and guanidinyl polar heads exhibited highest transfection efficiency with minimal toxicity. The morphology of active liposomes was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and size of liposomes were around 200-700 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widchaya Radchatawedchakoon
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkapi, Bangkok 10240, Thailand
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Abstract
New type of linear cholesterol-like molecules based on cholesterol extended by attachment of etienic acid derivatives was designed and oligosteroids with two to four units were synthesized. Amide bond was used for inter steroid connections and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole active ester method was adapted for their formations. Use of disteroids as larger building blocks was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Cerný
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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30
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Antonchik AV, Zhabinskiĭ VN, Khripach VA. [Synthesis of sterols oxygenated in the terminal fragment of their side chains]. Bioorg Khim 2008; 34:437-450. [PMID: 18695715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Methods of stereoselective synthesis of oxysterols are considered by the examples of (25R)-26-hydroxycholesterol, (24S)-24,25-epoxycholesterol, and (24S)-24-hydroxycholesterol containing functional groups in the terminal fragments of their side chains. Special attention is paid to the problems of construction of chiral centers C24 and C25.
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31
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Abstract
ent-Cholesterol was synthesized in 16 steps from commercially available (S)-citronellol. The overall yield for the synthesis was 2.0%. This route is amenable to gram-scale preparation of ent-cholesterol. Isotopic incorporation near the end of the synthesis was achieved using labeled methyl iodide. This synthesis is the most practical to date and will make ent-cholesterol more readily available to use as a probe of the function and metabolism of cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra D. Belani
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
| | - Scott D. Rychnovsky
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697
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32
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Abstract
We synthesized DNA-cholesterol conjugate molecules and introduced them into 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-3-phosphocholine (POPC) liposomes to create DNA-tagged liposomes. These liposomes aggregated selectively depending on the sequence of DNA tag and the resultant pattern of the aggregation was a wide-spreading network structure, which was observed under a phase contrast microscope. The structure was minutely analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and confocal laser-scanning microscopy. As a result, a hierarchical structure of the amphiphilic molecules was constructed from the liposome to the network via clustered structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Maru
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
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33
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Yavuz H, Karakoç V, Türkmen D, Say R, Denizli A. Synthesis of cholesterol imprinted polymeric particles. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 41:8-15. [PMID: 17222902 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2006] [Revised: 11/24/2006] [Accepted: 11/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to prepare cholesterol-imprinted polymeric particles. N-Methacryloyl-(L)-tyrosinemethylester (MAT) was chosen as the complexing monomer. In the first step, functional monomer MAT was synthesized by the reaction of L-tyrosine methylester and methacryloyl chloride and characterized by FTIR and NMR. Then, cholesterol was complexed with MAT in different mol ratios and the cholesterol-imprinted poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-N-methacryloyl-(L)-tyrosine methylester) [MIP] particles were synthesized by bulk polymerization. After that, the template molecules (i.e., cholesterol) were removed using chloroform. MIP particles were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, SEM, swelling tests and surface area measurements. Cholesterol adsorption experiments were performed in a batch experimental set-up. Adsorption medium was methanol or intestinal mimicking solution. Stigmasterol and estradiol were used as competing molecules in selectivity tests. Obtained results were as follows: swelling ratio of MIP and non-imprinted (NIP) particles were 60.8% and 44.1% in water. With the increase in the amount of MAT in the polymerization medium, incorporation of MAT was increased (16.6-78.0 micromol/g). SEM photographs showed the surface roughness and porosity. Specific surface area of NIP and MIP particles were found as 19.2 and 31.5 m(2)/g, respectively. Template molecules (i.e., cholesterol) were removed from the polymer structure in the ratio of 76-84% of the initial concentration. Cholesterol adsorption increased with the increase in cholesterol concentration up to 1.5 mg/mL. MIP particles prepared using higher amounts of cholesterol exhibit significantly higher capacity to the NIP particles (i.e., control polymer). MIP particles were 3.09 and 3.60 times selective with respect to the stigmasterol and estradiol, respectively. Reusability of MIP particles was also investigated. MIP particles showed negligible loss in the cholesterol adsorption capacity after five adsorption-desorption cycles with the same adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Handan Yavuz
- Department of Chemistry, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey.
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34
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Khripach VA, Zhabinskiĭ VN, Antonchik AV, Antonchik AP. [Synthesis of (24S)-hydroxy- and (24S)-24,25-epoxycholesterol analogues, potential agonists of nuclear LXR receptors]. Bioorg Khim 2006; 32:651-9. [PMID: 17180916 DOI: 10.1134/s1068162006060124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to the synthesis of a series of isomeric 24-hydroxy- and 24,25-epoxysteroids starting from lithocholic acid was proposed. Sharpless asymmetric hydroxylation of intermediate delta24-olefines was used as a reaction determining the stereochemistry of target compounds. The resulting derivatives are potential agonists of nuclear receptors LXRalpha and LXRbeta and are potentially useful in the structure-function studies.
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35
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Li Y, Liu K, Liu J, Peng J, Feng X, Fang Y. Amino acid derivatives of cholesterol as "latent" organogelators with hydrogen chloride as a protonation reagent. Langmuir 2006; 22:7016-20. [PMID: 16863254 DOI: 10.1021/la060394t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A series of low molecular weight organic gelator (LMOG) gel systems sensitive to alkaline/acidic stimuli was established by employing amino acid derivatives of cholesterol as "latent" gelators, which are cholesteryl glycinate (1), cholesteryl L-alaninate, cholesteryl D-alaninate, cholesteryl L-phenyl alaninate, and cholesteryl D-phenyl alaninate. The hydrochloric salts are denoted as 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, respectively. For the 18 solvents tested, one proved to be a weak gelator and gels only two of the solvents. Its gelation ability, however, was greatly improved by bubbling HCl gas, which was produced by reaction of concentrated sulfuric acid with NaCl, through its solution owing to protonation of its amino group. It was demonstrated that the protonated form of it gelled 14 of the solvents tested. Further investigation revealed that the gels changed into solution with addition of any of the amines, including triethylamine (TEA), diethylamine, ethylenediamine, and NH3. The phase transition could be reversed by further introduction of the acidic gas. SEM measurements showed that 1 self-assembled into different supramolecular structures in different gels. Salt effect studies proved that electrostatic interaction is one of the driving forces for formation of the gels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuangang Li
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, P. R. China
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Hardy M, Ouari O, Charles L, Finet JP, Iacazio G, Monnier V, Rockenbauer A, Tordo P. Synthesis and spin-trapping behavior of 5-ChEPMPO, a cholesteryl ester analogue of the spin trap DEPMPO. J Org Chem 2006; 70:10426-33. [PMID: 16323853 DOI: 10.1021/jo0517390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[structure: see text] 5-(Cholesteryloxyethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methylpyrroline N-oxide (5-ChEPMPO), a DEPMPO analogue bearing a cholesterol group on the phosphorus atom, has been prepared and used to trap peroxyl-, alkoxyl-, thiyl-, and carbon-centered radicals in organic solvent. The important steric hindrance in 5-ChEPMPO does not affect the properties of 5-ChEPMPO in comparison to DEPMPO for the spin trapping of an enantiopure linoleic acid hydroperoxide. The 5-ChEPMPO-OOL spin adduct was observed by ESR and confirmed by ESI-MS/MS experiments. The relaxation terms of the 5-ChEPMPO-lipid peroxyl spin adduct were compared with those of other peroxyl spin adducts, and it was shown that the cholesteryl group has only a weak influence on the exchange rate between adduct conformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaël Hardy
- Laboratoire SREP, UMR 6517 CNRS et Universités d'Aix-Marseille 1, 2 et 3, Centre de Saint Jérôme, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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37
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Abstract
25-Hydroxycholesterol (25-HC) appears to play a role in several important biological processes, including regulating cellular cholesterol levels and promoting apoptosis. However, in most cases the mechanisms by which 25-HC elicits its biological effects are not known. Insights into mechanisms of 25-HC action can be gained by studying the activity of its enantiomer (ent-25-HC). ent-25-HC is physically and chemically identical to 25-HC; however, 25-HC and ent-25-HC can be distinguished in chiral environments, like a protein binding site. In order to probe the mechanisms of 25-HC action, we have synthesized the enantiomer of 25-HC (ent-25-HC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Westover
- Department of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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38
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He L, Liu Y, Shi J, Pei Q. Synthesis and antitumor activity of cholest-4 alpha-methyl-7-en-3beta-ol derivatives. Steroids 2006; 71:476-83. [PMID: 16504229 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2006.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2005] [Revised: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 01/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cholest-4 alpha-methyl-7-en-3beta-ol (1) has potent inhibitory activity against pc 12 tumor with 0.5043 ratio (10 microg/mL). This paper describes a series of structural modification of this compound, which focus on 3beta-hydroxyl group and 7(8)-double bond. The synthesized derivatives of 1 were tested for human cancer cell lines including colon cancer (HCT-8), liver cancer (BEL-7402) and nasopharyngeal cancer (KB) cells. The results showed that cholest-4 alpha-methyl-8-en-3beta,7 alpha-diol 6a inhibits KB cell significantly with IC(50) 1.32 x 10(-9)microg/mL. In addition, the cytotoxic properties of this compound against HCT-8 and BEL-7402 are excellent with IC(50) 1.2 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan He
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
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39
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] The aglycone of shark repellent pavoninin-4, (25R)-5alpha-cholestan-3alpha,15alpha,26-triol 26-acetate 1a, was synthesized from (25R)-cholest-5-en-3beta,26-diol 4 (26-hydroxycholesterol) in eight steps in 18% overall yield. Breslow's remote functionalization strategy was used as a key step to introduce the C-15alpha alcohol on a steroid D ring. An efficient synthesis of the 26-hydroxycholesterol from the 16beta hydroxyl steroid, (25R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,16beta,26-triol (3a), is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122-2585, USA
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40
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Boonyarattanakalin S, Athavankar S, Sun Q, Peterson BR. Synthesis of an artificial cell surface receptor that enables oligohistidine affinity tags to function as metal-dependent cell-penetrating peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:386-7. [PMID: 16402806 PMCID: PMC2546700 DOI: 10.1021/ja056126j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides and proteins (CPPs) are important tools for the delivery of impermeable molecules into living mammalian cells. To enable these cells to internalize proteins fused to common oligohistidine affinity tags, we synthesized an artificial cell surface receptor comprising an N-alkyl derivative of 3beta-cholesterylamine linked to the metal chelator nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA). This synthetic receptor inserts into cellular plasma membranes, projects NTA headgroups from the cell surface, and rapidly cycles between the plasma membrane and intracellular endosomes. Jurkat lymphocytes treated with the synthetic receptor (10 microM) for 1 h displayed approximately 8,400,000 [corrected]NTA groups on the cell surface. Subsequent addition of the green fluorescent protein AcGFP fused to hexahistidine or decahistidine peptides (3 microM) and Ni(OAc)(2) (100 microM) enhanced the endocytosis of AcGFP by 150-fold (hexahistidine fusion protein) or 600-fold (decahistidine fusion protein) within 4 h at 37 degrees C. No adverse effects on cellular proliferation or morphology were observed under these conditions. By enabling common oligohistidine affinity tags to function as cell-penetrating peptides, this metal-chelating cell surface receptor provides a useful tool for studies of cellular biology [corrected]
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41
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Singh M, Ariatti M. A cationic cytofectin with long spacer mediates favourable transfection in transformed human epithelial cells. Int J Pharm 2006; 309:189-98. [PMID: 16384674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2005.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2005] [Revised: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 11/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and transfection potential of a novel cationic cholesterol cytofectin with a dimethylamino head group and a long 12 atom, 15A spacer incorporating relatively polar amido and dicarbonyl hydrazine linkages are reported. Thus N,N-dimethylaminopropylamidosuccinylcholesterylformylhydrazide (MS09) in equimolar admixture with dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) forms stable unilamellar liposomes (80-150 nm) which cluster into very effective transfecting, serum nuclease-resistant, lipoplexes with DNA (180-200 nm) at a liposome+/DNA- molar charge ratio of 2.8:1 (12:1, w/w). Gel retardation and ethidium displacement assays confirmed that DNA was fully liposome-associated and maximally compacted at this ratio. Transfection levels in three human transformed epithelial cell lines, as established by luciferase transgene activity, was found to be optimal at this charge ratio and in the following order: cervical carcinoma (HeLa)>oesophageal carcinoma (SNO)>hepatoblastoma (HepG2). Activity in the murine fibroblast line NIH-3T3 was comparable to that in HepG2 cells. MS09 lipoplexes achieved approximately three-times and two-times greater activity than Lipofectin complexes in HeLa and SNO cells, respectively, whilst comparable levels were recorded in HepG2 and NIH-3T3 cells. MS09 lipoplexes were well tolerated by HepG2, HeLa and SNO cells with cell numbers found to be 80, 85 and 75% of untreated cultures, respectively, at the optimal transfection concentration. These lipoplexes also exhibited high activity in the presence of 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS) in HeLa (17% inhibition) and HepG2 (33% inhibition) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moganavelli Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, P Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
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42
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Abstract
Analogues of cholesterol (compounds 1 and 2) and coprostanol (compound 3) containing the BODIPY fluorophore in the aliphatic tail of the free sterol have been synthesized starting with bisnorcholenic acid, cholenic acid 3beta-acetate, and lithocholic acid, respectively. An ester linkage joining the fluorophore to the sterol nucleus interfered with the ability of the fluorescent sterol to pack with phospholipids in monolayers. However, an analogue in which the linker was devoid of polar atoms exhibited a substantially similar physical behavior to cholesterol in model membranes with respect to localization in raft domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaiguo Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College of The City University of New York, Flushing, New York 11367-1597, USA
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43
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Brunel JM, Loncle C, Vidal N, Dherbomez M, Letourneux Y. Synthesis and antifungal activity of oxygenated cholesterol derivatives. Steroids 2005; 70:907-12. [PMID: 16139854 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2005.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2005] [Revised: 06/27/2005] [Accepted: 06/30/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of oxygenated cholesterol derivatives were prepared from new synthetic methods and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial properties against human pathogens. The activity was highly dependent on the structure of the different compounds involved. The best results were obtained with hydroxy ketones 2, 4 and 5 and diketone 7 exhibiting activities against S. cerevisiae (ATCC 28383) and Candida albicans (CIP 1663-86). For example, compound 2 exhibited high activities against C. albicans (CIP 1663-86) and Amphotericine B and miconazole resistant strain C. albicans (CIP 1180-79) at a concentration of 1.5 microg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Michel Brunel
- Laboratoire Synthèse et Etude de Substances Naturelles à Activités Biologiques (SESNAB), IMRN INRA 1111, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de St Jérôme, Université Paul Cézanne, Aix-Marseille III, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France.
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44
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] The first synthesis of the shark repellent pavoninin-4, 3, was achieved in 12 steps with 21% overall yield from diosgenin, 8. Key reactions involve an efficient synthesis of the C-15alpha hydroxyl steroid from a C-16beta hydroxyl steroid by an unexpected 1,2-transposition strategy, a stereospecific glycosylation of a hindered C-15alpha alcohol using glycosyl fluoride as a glycosyl donor and a highly chemoselective acetylation of the C-26 primary alcohol by catalytic transesterification.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Williams
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122-2585, USA.
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45
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Abstract
Design, synthesis and characterization of CHAPSTEROL, a novel cholesterol-based detergent developed for functional solubilization of cholesterol-dependent membrane proteins are described. To validate CHAPSTEROL, we employed the oxytocin receptor, a G protein-coupled receptor requiring cholesterol for its high-affinity binding state. Using the photoactivatable cholesterol analogue [3H]6,6-azocholestan-3beta-ol[3alphaH], we demonstrate that solubilization by CHAPSTEROL leads to an enrichment of cholesterol-binding proteins whereas the widely used bile acid derivative CHAPSO leads to a significant depletion of cholesterol-binding proteins. Similar to Triton X-100 and CHAPS, CHAPSTEROL maintains the localization of caveolin as well as cholesterol and sphingomyelin to lipid rafts, i.e. detergent-insoluble microdomains of the plasma membrane. The data suggest that CHAPSTEROL is an appropriate detergent for the solubilization of cholesterol-dependent membrane proteins and isolation of rafts.
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46
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Huang Z, Li W, MacKay JA, Szoka FC. Thiocholesterol-based lipids for ordered assembly of bioresponsive gene carriers. Mol Ther 2005; 11:409-17. [PMID: 15727937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2004.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2004] [Accepted: 10/22/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of thiocholesterol-based cationic lipids (TCL) has been designed and synthesized by the attachment of thiocholesterol to a cationic amine via a disulfide bond. TCL can be incorporated into liposomes and used to package DNA into a lipoplex, thereby protecting it from DNase digestion. DNA is rapidly released from the complex in the presence of low concentrations of reducing agents. The lipoplex mediated efficient transfection activity and had low cytotoxicity. To improve the biocompatibility of the cationic lipoplex, TCL were used as a component in the assembly of a nanolipoparticle (NLP). The particle surface was subsequently modified by disulfide exchange to replace the cationic group with a negatively charged (glutathione) or zwitterionic (cysteine) reducing agent. A cell-binding ligand (TAT peptide, sequence GRKKRRQRRRGYG) was then incorporated onto the particle surface to enhance the particle-cell recognition. The sequentially assembled cell-binding NLP with a zwitterionic surface gave a larger transfection yield than the cationic NLP at all concentrations tested. At low DNA concentrations, the enhancement was 80-fold. The disulfide cationic lipids and the sequential assembly strategy enable one to tailor the surface charge, hydrophilicity, and recognition elements of a nanosized gene carrier. This results in increased gene transfer activity in a biocompatible particle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohua Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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47
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Loncle C, Brunel JM, Vidal N, Dherbomez M, Letourneux Y. Synthesis and antifungal activity of cholesterol-hydrazone derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2005; 39:1067-71. [PMID: 15571868 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2004.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2004] [Revised: 07/22/2004] [Accepted: 07/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of hydrazones synthesized from various cholesterol derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial properties against human pathogens. The activity was highly dependent on the structure of the different compounds involved. The best results have been obtained with tosylhydrazone cholesterol derivatives 8 and 9 exhibiting activities against Candida albicans (CIP 1663-80) at a concentration of 1.5 microg/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Loncle
- Laboratoire synthèse et étude de substances naturelles à activités biologiques (SESNAB), IMRN INRA 1111, faculté des sciences et techniques de St Jérôme, université Paul Cézanne, Aix-Marseille III, 13397 Marseille 20, France
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48
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Loike JD, Shabtai DY, Neuhut R, Malitzky S, Lu E, Husemann J, Goldberg IJ, Silverstein SC. Statin inhibition of Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis by macrophages is modulated by cell activation and cholesterol. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004; 24:2051-6. [PMID: 15345508 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.0000143858.15909.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An inflammatory response to altered lipoproteins that accumulate in the arterial wall is a major component of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Statins reduce plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and are effective treatments for atherosclerosis. It is hypothesized that they also modulate inflammation. The aim of this study was to examine whether lovastatin inhibits macrophage inflammatory processes and clarify its mechanism of action. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined the effects of statins on phagocytosis of antibody-coated red blood cells by cultured human monocytes and mouse peritoneal macrophages. Lovastatin, simvastatin, and zaragozic acid, a squalene synthase inhibitor, blocked Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis by cultured human monocytes and mouse peritoneal macrophages. The inhibitory effect of lovastatin on Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis was prevented completely by addition of mevalonate, farnesyl pyrophosphate, LDL, or cholesterol to the culture medium. The inhibitory effect of zaragozic acid was reversed by addition of LDL, but not by the addition of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, to the medium. In addition, the effect of lovastatin on phagocytosis is a function of cell activation because treatment of cells with tumor necrosis factor-alpha or lipopolysaccharide prevented inhibition of phagocytosis by lovastatin. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis of lovastatin is related to its effect on cholesterol biosynthesis rather than its effect on the formation of isoprenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Loike
- Department of Physiology, Columbia University College of Physician and Surgeons, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Spencer TA, Wang P, Li D, Russel JS, Blank DH, Huuskonen J, Fielding PE, Fielding CJ. Benzophenone-containing cholesterol surrogates: synthesis and biological evaluation. J Lipid Res 2004; 45:1510-8. [PMID: 15175357 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m400081-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eight analogs of cholesterol (1) containing a benzophenone group have been synthesized as prospective photoaffinity labels for studies in cellular sterol efflux and HDL formation. Six of these compounds (4-9) have the photophore replacing different portions of the cholesterol alkyl side chain, and two (10 and 11) have it attached via nitrogen at carbon 3. The suitability of these analogs as cholesterol surrogates was determined by examining their ability to replace [3H]1 in fibroblasts preequilibrated with [3H]1. All eight analogs were effective in replacing natural 1 in competition with [3H]1 for apolipoprotein A-I-induced efflux. These are the first compounds shown to replace cholesterol successfully in a complex pathway of multiple intracellular steps. The results suggest an unexpected tolerance of biological membranes regarding the incorporation of sterols of differing chemical structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE Previously, our laboratory has reported that liposome-protamine-DNA (LPD) nanoparticle is an effective delivery system for tumor-associated antigens. Mannan, which potentially targets antigen-presenting cells, was coated on LPD to further enhance its antitumor activity. METHODS Cholesterol-conjugated mannan was coated on LPD. The abilities of mannan-coated LPD to target antigen-presenting cells, to activate dendritic cells, and to induce antitumor immunity were investigated and compared to those of LPD alone. RESULTS Both in vitro and in vivo uptake of LPD showed that mannan-coated LPD particles were preferably taken up by dendritic cells and macrophages. In addition, the expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD80/CD86 on DC2.4 cells after co-incubation with mannan-coated LPD was significantly higher than that after co-incubation with LPD. A model major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted peptide antigen from HPV 16 E7 protein was incorporated into LPD to immunize mice against the growth of TC-1 tumor cells expressing E7 protein. Coating with mannan significantly enhanced both preventive and therapeutic activities of LPD/E7. Finally, the release of IFN-gamma from isolated splenocytes was significantly enhanced when mice were immunized with mannan-coated LPD/E7 than with LPD/E7 alone. CONCLUSION Targeting of the LPD/E7 to local draining lymph nodes by mannan is partially responsible for the enhanced anti-tumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrong Cui
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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