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Yeoh K, Lass-Flörl C, Lamoth F, Slavin MA, Williams E, Neofytos D. Clinicopathologic conference: Bloodstream infection in an allogeneic hamatopoietic cell transplant: Thinking beyond the usual. Transpl Infect Dis 2024; 26:e14273. [PMID: 38695847 DOI: 10.1111/tid.14273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
This case involves a 53-year-old female with concurrent acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma. She underwent cytarabine and daunorubicin (7+3) induction chemotherapy followed by cytarabine (HiDAC) consolidation, with an early AML relapse requiring azacitidine and venetoclax therapy. She achieved complete remission and incomplete count recovery. Following fludarabine, melphalan, and thymoglobulin induction chemotherapy, she underwent an allogeneic stem cell transplant with failure to engraft, requiring autologous stem cell rescue, buffy coat, and granulocyte transfusions, eventually presenting with a diffuse skin rash consistent with Steven-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis, persistent neutropenic fevers and positive blood cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Yeoh
- Department of Microbiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cornelia Lass-Flörl
- Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Frédéric Lamoth
- Department of Medicine, Service of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, and National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Eloise Williams
- Department of Microbiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dionysios Neofytos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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2
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Vasco-Julio D, Huilca-Ibarra M, Ledesma Y, Echeverria G, Guerrero-Freire S, Jagielski T, Bastidas-Caldes C, de Waard JH. The Development of a Multiplex PCR Assay for Fast and Cost-Effective Identification of the Five Most Significant Pathogenic Prototheca Species. Pathogens 2023; 12:1018. [PMID: 37623978 PMCID: PMC10459208 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12081018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A multiplex PCR system (m-PCR) has been developed to accurately differentiate the five most important pathogenic Prototheca species, including the three species associated with infection in dairy cattle (P. ciferrii, P. blaschkeae, and P. bovis) and the two species associated with human infections (P. wickerhamii and P. cutis). The method is low-cost since it employs a simple "heat-shock" method in a TE buffer for DNA extraction. Furthermore, it requires only primers, a Taq polymerase, an agarose gel, and a molecular weight marker for identification. The method was based on published Prototheca cytochrome B sequences and was evaluated using reference strains from each of the five Prototheca species. The validity of the method was confirmed by identifying 50 strains isolated from milk samples. The specificity was tested in silico and with experimental PCR trials, showing no cross-reactions with other Prototheca species, as well as with bacteria, fungi, cows, algae, animals, or humans. The method could detect mixed infections involving two or three Prototheca species, providing a rapid test that delivers results within three hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Vasco-Julio
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170530, Ecuador; (D.V.-J.); (M.H.-I.); (Y.L.); (C.B.-C.)
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio D, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán C.P. 04510, Mexico
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca C.P. 62050, Mexico
| | - María Huilca-Ibarra
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170530, Ecuador; (D.V.-J.); (M.H.-I.); (Y.L.); (C.B.-C.)
| | - Yanua Ledesma
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170530, Ecuador; (D.V.-J.); (M.H.-I.); (Y.L.); (C.B.-C.)
| | - Gustavo Echeverria
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis-CIZ, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito 170518, Ecuador;
- División Investigación y Desarrollo, BioGENA, Quito 170509, Ecuador
- Programa de Doctorado, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1063ACV, Argentina;
| | - Salome Guerrero-Freire
- Programa de Doctorado, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires C1063ACV, Argentina;
- Group of Emerging and Neglected Diseases, Ecoepidemiology and Biodiversity, Health Sciences Faculty, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito 170521, Ecuador
| | - Tomasz Jagielski
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carlos Bastidas-Caldes
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170530, Ecuador; (D.V.-J.); (M.H.-I.); (Y.L.); (C.B.-C.)
- INABIO—Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Parque La Carolina, Quito 170135, Ecuador
| | - Jacobus H. de Waard
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170530, Ecuador; (D.V.-J.); (M.H.-I.); (Y.L.); (C.B.-C.)
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3
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Molina-Grima E, García-Camacho F, Acién-Fernández FG, Sánchez-Mirón A, Plouviez M, Shene C, Chisti Y. Pathogens and predators impacting commercial production of microalgae and cyanobacteria. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 55:107884. [PMID: 34896169 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Production of phytoplankton (microalgae and cyanobacteria) in commercial raceway ponds and other systems is adversely impacted by phytoplankton pathogens, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. In addition, cultures are susceptible to productivity loss, or crash, through grazing by contaminating zooplankton such as protozoa, rotifers and copepods. Productivity loss and product contamination are also caused by otherwise innocuous invading phytoplankton that consume resources in competition with the species being cultured. This review is focused on phytoplankton competitors, pathogens and grazers of significance in commercial culture of microalgae and cyanobacteria. Detection and identification of these biological contaminants are discussed. Operational protocols for minimizing contamination, and methods of managing it, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Molina-Grima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Maxence Plouviez
- School of Food and Advanced Technology, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Carolina Shene
- Center for Biotechnology and Bioengineering (CeBiB), Center of Food Biotechnology and Bioseparations, BIOREN and Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de La Frontera, Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Yusuf Chisti
- School of Engineering, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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4
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Han SS, Jeong YS, Choi SK. Current Scenario and Challenges in the Direct Identification of Microorganisms Using MALDI TOF MS. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091917. [PMID: 34576812 PMCID: PMC8466008 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
MALDI TOF MS-based microbial identification significantly lowers the operational costs because of minimal requirements of substrates and reagents for extraction. Therefore, it has been widely used in varied applications such as clinical, food, military, and ecological research. However, the MALDI TOF MS method is laced with many challenges including its limitation of the reference spectrum. This review briefly introduces the background of MALDI TOF MS technology, including sample preparation and workflow. We have primarily discussed the application of MALDI TOF MS in the identification of microorganisms. Furthermore, we have discussed the current trends for bioaerosol detection using MALDI TOF MS and the limitations and challenges involved, and finally the approaches to overcome these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Soo Han
- Advanced Defense Science & Technology Research Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea;
| | - Young-Su Jeong
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-821-4843; Fax: +82-42-823-3400
| | - Sun-Kyung Choi
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea;
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5
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Fidelis CE, Franke M, de Abreu LCR, Jagielski T, Ribeiro MG, Dos Santos MV, Gonçalves JL. MALDI-TOF MS identification of Prototheca algae associated with bovine mastitis. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:1168-1171. [PMID: 34353173 DOI: 10.1177/10406387211036459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the use of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of 3 major, dairy-associated Prototheca species, namely, Prototheca bovis (formerly P. zopfii genotype 2), P. blaschkeae, and P. ciferrii (formerly P. zopfii genotype 1). The MALDI-TOF MS spectra established for those species were introduced into the reference spectra library of the Bruker Biotyper MALDI-TOF MS analysis software. Next, 31 Prototheca isolates from Holstein cows with mastitis, from herds located in the midwestern area of São Paulo State, Brazil, were subjected to MALDI-TOF MS profiling. MALDI-TOF MS allowed identification of 22 of 27 P. bovis and 3 of 4 P. blaschkeae isolates with scores >2.0, with 5 of 27 P. bovis and 1 of 4 P. blaschkeae isolates identified only to the genus level. With our extended algae database, MALDI-TOF MS can contribute to quick and effective speciation of Prototheca from mastitis cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos E Fidelis
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo-USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoela Franke
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo-USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Letícia C R de Abreu
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo-USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tomasz Jagielski
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Márcio G Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos V Dos Santos
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo-USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano L Gonçalves
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo-USP, Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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6
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Hofbauer WK. Toxic or Otherwise Harmful Algae and the Built Environment. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:465. [PMID: 34209446 PMCID: PMC8310063 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13070465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This article gives a comprehensive overview on potentially harmful algae occurring in the built environment. Man-made structures provide diverse habitats where algae can grow, mainly aerophytic in nature. Literature reveals that algae that is potentially harmful to humans do occur in the anthropogenic environment in the air, on surfaces or in water bodies. Algae may negatively affect humans in different ways: they may be toxic, allergenic and pathogenic to humans or attack human structures. Toxin-producing alga are represented in the built environment mainly by blue green algae (Cyanoprokaryota). In special occasions, other toxic algae may also be involved. Green algae (Chlorophyta) found airborne or growing on manmade surfaces may be allergenic whereas Cyanoprokaryota and other forms may not only be toxic but also allergenic. Pathogenicity is found only in a special group of algae, especially in the genus Prototheca. In addition, rare cases with infections due to algae with green chloroplasts are reported. Algal action may be involved in the biodeterioration of buildings and works of art, which is still discussed controversially. Whereas in many cases the disfigurement of surfaces and even the corrosion of materials is encountered, in other cases a protective effect on the materials is reported. A comprehensive list of 79 taxa of potentially harmful, airborne algae supplemented with their counterparts occurring in the built environment, is given. Due to global climate change, it is not unlikely that the built environment will suffer from more and higher amounts of harmful algal species in the future. Therefore, intensified research in composition, ecophysiology and development of algal growth in the built environment is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Karl Hofbauer
- Umwelt, Hygiene und Sensorik, Fraunhofer-Institut für Bauphysik, 83626 Valley, Bavaria, Germany
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7
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Masuda M, Jagielski T, Danesi P, Falcaro C, Bertola M, Krockenberger M, Malik R, Kano R. Protothecosis in Dogs and Cats-New Research Directions. Mycopathologia 2020; 186:143-152. [PMID: 33206310 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Protothecosis refers to disease of humans and animals caused by infection with fungus-like, colourless microalgae of the genus Prototheca. Although protothecosis remains an uncommon infection, increasing numbers of human and animal cases are being diagnosed worldwide. This review summarises major new findings in basic science (sequencing analyses of sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51/ERG11) genes and organelle genomes of Prototheca wickerhamii) to elucidate taxonomic features of this pathogen. Furthermore, this review updates and summarises the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of protothecosis in dogs and cats. This content of this review is based on information presented at the medical phycology symposium held in the 20th Congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology ( https://www.isham.org/ ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiaki Masuda
- Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Tomasz Jagielski
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrizia Danesi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Christian Falcaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Michela Bertola
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Mark Krockenberger
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services (VPDS), Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, B14, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, The University of Sydney, B22, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Rui Kano
- Department of Veterinary Dermatology, Nihon University School of Veterinary Medicine, 1866, Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0880, Japan.
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8
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Jagielski T, Bakuła Z, Gawor J, Maciszewski K, Kusber WH, Dyląg M, Nowakowska J, Gromadka R, Karnkowska A. The genus Prototheca (Trebouxiophyceae, Chlorophyta) revisited: Implications from molecular taxonomic studies. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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First bloodstream infection due to Prototheca zopfii var. hydrocarbonea in an immunocompromised patient. Med Mycol Case Rep 2019; 24:9-12. [PMID: 30859058 PMCID: PMC6395827 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a bloodstream infection due to P. zopfii var. hydrocarbonea in a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Identification was performed by DNA sequencing of the D1/D2 domain of 26s ribosomal DNA and by MALDI-TOF MS technique. Antifungal susceptibility tests against amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole showed the following MIC values, respectively: 0.25 mg/L, 128 mg/L, 0.064 mg/L, and 0.125 mg/L. The patient received amphotericin B treatment with a successful outcome.
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10
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Cornut J, De Respinis S, Tonolla M, Petrini O, Bärlocher F, Chauvet E, Bruder A. Rapid characterization of aquatic hyphomycetes by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Mycologia 2019; 111:177-189. [PMID: 30640580 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2018.1528129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Protein fingerprinting using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI--TOF MS) is a rapid, reliable, and economical method to characterize isolates of terrestrial fungi and other microorganisms. The objective of our study was to evaluate the suitability of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of aquatic hyphomycetes, a polyphyletic group of fungi that play crucial roles in stream ecosystems. To this end, we used 34 isolates of 21 aquatic hyphomycete species whose identity was confirmed by spore morphology and internal transcribed spacer (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 = ITS) nuc rDNA sequencing. We tested the efficiency of three protein extraction methods, including chemical and mechanical treatments using 13 different protocols, with the objective of producing high-quality MALDI-TOF mass spectra. In addition to extraction protocols, mycelium age was identified as a key parameter affecting protein extraction efficiency. The dendrogram based on mass-spectrum similarity indicated good and relevant taxonomic discrimination; the tree structure was comparable to that of the phylogram based on ITS sequences. Consequently, MALDI-TOF MS could reliably identify the isolates studied and provided greater taxonomic accuracy than classical morphological methods. MALDI-TOF MS seems suited for rapid characterization and identification of aquatic hyphomycete species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Cornut
- a Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland , Via Mirasole 22A, 6501 Bellinzona , Switzerland.,b Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Trevano Campus , 6952 Canobbio , Switzerland
| | - Sophie De Respinis
- a Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland , Via Mirasole 22A, 6501 Bellinzona , Switzerland
| | - Mauro Tonolla
- a Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland , Via Mirasole 22A, 6501 Bellinzona , Switzerland.,c Microbial Ecology Laboratory, Microbiology Unit, Department of Botany and Plant Biology , University of Geneva , Switzerland
| | | | - Felix Bärlocher
- e Department of Biology , Mount Allison University , Sackville , News Brunswick E4L1G7, Canada
| | - Eric Chauvet
- f EcoLab, Université de Toulouse , CNRS, UPS, INPT, 31062 Toulouse , France
| | - Andreas Bruder
- a Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland , Via Mirasole 22A, 6501 Bellinzona , Switzerland.,b Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland, Trevano Campus , 6952 Canobbio , Switzerland
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11
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Todd JR, Matsumoto T, Ueno R, Murugaiyan J, Britten A, King JW, Odaka Y, Oberle A, Weise C, Roesler U, Pore RS. Medical phycology 2017. Med Mycol 2018; 56:S188-S204. [PMID: 29767780 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2014, ISHAM formed a new working group: "Medical Phycology: Protothecosis and Chlorellosis." The purpose of this working group is to help facilitate collaboration and communication among people interested in the pathogenic algae, to share ideas and work together. Here we present reports on recent work we have done in five areas. 1. The history of medical phycology as a branch of science. 2. Aspects of the genetics of Prototheca. 3. Aspects of the proteins of Prototheca. 4. Human infections caused by Prototheca. 5. Dairy cow mastitis caused by Prototheca.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Todd
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | - Ryohei Ueno
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, Teikyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Center for Infectious Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - John W King
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yoshinobu Odaka
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Arnold Oberle
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Christoph Weise
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Center for Infectious Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Scott Pore
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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12
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Rao PV, Sethuraman N, Ramanathan Y, Gopalakrishnan R. Disseminated Protothecosis Caused by Prototheca zopfii in a Liver Transplant Recipient. J Glob Infect Dis 2018; 10:228-229. [PMID: 30581267 PMCID: PMC6276319 DOI: 10.4103/jgid.jgid_55_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Prototheca is a genus of achlorophyllic algae present ubiquitously in the environment. Human infections are rare affecting immunocompromised individuals. We report a case of fatal algaemia caused by Prototheca zopfii in a patient who underwent liver transplant. Tissue diagnosis is mandatory for diagnosing rare entities in seriously ill, immunocompromised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polati Vishnu Rao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nandini Sethuraman
- Department of Microbiology, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ram Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Hirose N, Hua Z, Kato Y, Zhang Q, Li R, Nishimura K, Masuda M. Molecular Characterization of Prototheca strains isolated in China revealed the first cases of protothecosis associated with Prototheca zopfii genotype 1. Med Mycol 2017; 56:279-287. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Hirose
- Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
- BD Japan, Co., Ltd., Tokyo 107-0052, Japan
| | - Zhensheng Hua
- Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kato
- Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Qiangqiang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kazuko Nishimura
- Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
- First Laboratories, Co. Ltd., Kanagawa 211-0013, Japan
| | - Michiaki Masuda
- Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
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14
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Label-Free Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Harmless and Pathogenic Strains of Infectious Microalgae, Prototheca spp. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010059. [PMID: 28036087 PMCID: PMC5297694 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae of the genus Prototheca (P.) spp are associated with rare algal infections of invertebrates termed protothecosis. Among the seven generally accepted species, P. zopfii genotype 2 (GT2) is associated with a severe form of bovine mastitis while P. blaschkeae causes the mild and sub-clinical form of mastitis. The reason behind the infectious nature of P. zopfii GT2, while genotype 1 (GT1) remains non-infectious, is not known. Therefore, in the present study we investigated the protein expression level difference between the genotypes of P. zopfii and P. blaschkeae. Cells were cultured to the mid-exponential phase, harvested, and processed for LC-MS analysis. Peptide data was acquired on an LTQ Orbitrap Velos, raw spectra were quantitatively analyzed with MaxQuant software and matching with the reference database of Chlorella variabilis and Auxenochlorella protothecoides resulted in the identification of 226 proteins. Comparison of an environmental strain with infectious strains resulted in the identification of 51 differentially expressed proteins related to carbohydrate metabolism, energy production and protein translation. The expression level of Hsp70 proteins and their role in the infectious process is worth further investigation. All mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD005305.
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McMullan B, Pollett S, Biswas C, Packham D. Successful treatment of cutaneous protothecosis with liposomal amphotericin and oral itraconazole. Med Mycol Case Rep 2016; 12:21-3. [PMID: 27642561 PMCID: PMC5018200 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Protothecosis is a rare algal infection, affecting primarily immunocompromised hosts. Optimal management is unclear: in-vitro antimicrobial breakpoints are not established and therapeutic decisions are primarily based on case reports. We present a case of cutaneous Prototheca wickerhamii infection in an immunosuppressed 63 year old male, successfully treated with liposomal amphotericin and prolonged itraconazole. Inoculation may have been through frequent hot-tub use, highlighting hot-tub exposure as an infection risk for the immunocompromised host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan McMullan
- Sydney Children’s Hospital, Sydney 2031, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Simon Pollett
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
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16
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Peng LH, Unnikrishnan B, Shih CY, Hsiung TM, Chang J, Hsu PH, Chiu TC, Huang CC. Identification of Microalgae by Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Multiple Nanomatrices. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 18:283-292. [PMID: 26842733 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-016-9685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate a simple method to identify microalgae by surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) using three different substrates: HgSe, HgTe, and HgTeSe nanostructures. The fragmentation/ionization processes of complex molecules in algae varied according to the heat absorption and transfer efficiency of the nanostructured matrices (NMs). Therefore, the mass spectra obtained for microalgae showed different patterns of m/z values for different NMs. The spectra contained both significant and nonsignificant peaks. Constructing a Venn diagram with the significant peaks obtained for algae when using HgSe, HgTe, and HgTeSe NMs in m/z ratio range 100-1000, a unique relationship among the three sets of values was obtained. This unique relationship of sets is different for each species of microalgae. Therefore, by observing the particular relationship of sets, we successfully identified different algae such as Isochrysis galbana, Emiliania huxleyi, Thalassiosira weissflogii, Nannochloris sp., Skeletonema cf. costatum, and Tetraselmis chui. This simple and cost-effective SALDI-MS analysis method coupled with multi-nanomaterials as substrates may be extended to identify other microalgae and microorganisms in real samples. Graphical Abstract Identification of microalgae by surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry coupled with three different mercury-based nanosubstrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lung-Hsiang Peng
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Binesh Unnikrishnan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Shih
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Ming Hsiung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Jeng Chang
- Institute of Marine Biology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Institute of Marine Environmental Chemistry and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Hung Hsu
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chia Chiu
- Department of Applied Science, National Taitung University, 369, Sec. 2, University Rd., Taitung, 95092, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Ching Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2, Pei-Ning Road, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan.
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Masuda M, Hirose N, Ishikawa T, Ikawa Y, Nishimura K. Prototheca miyajii sp. nov., isolated from a patient with systemic protothecosis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2016; 66:1510-1520. [DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.000911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michiaki Masuda
- Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Hirose
- Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
- BD Japan, Co., Ltd, Tokyo 107-0052, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ishikawa
- Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshiya Ikawa
- Laboratory of Biofunctional Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuko Nishimura
- Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
- First Laboratories, Co. Ltd, Kanagawa 211-0013, Japan
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Barbano D, Diaz R, Zhang L, Sandrin T, Gerken H, Dempster T. Rapid Characterization of Microalgae and Microalgae Mixtures Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-Of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135337. [PMID: 26271045 PMCID: PMC4536233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current molecular methods to characterize microalgae are time-intensive and expensive. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) may represent a rapid and economical alternative approach. The objectives of this study were to determine whether MALDI-TOF MS can be used to: 1) differentiate microalgae at the species and strain levels and 2) characterize simple microalgal mixtures. A common protein extraction sample preparation method was used to facilitate rapid mass spectrometry-based analysis of 31 microalgae. Each yielded spectra containing between 6 and 56 peaks in the m/z 2,000 to 20,000 range. The taxonomic resolution of this approach appeared higher than that of 18S rDNA sequence analysis. For example, two strains of Scenedesmus acutus differed only by two 18S rDNA nucleotides, but yielded distinct MALDI-TOF mass spectra. Mixtures of two and three microalgae yielded relatively complex spectra that contained peaks associated with members of each mixture. Interestingly, though, mixture-specific peaks were observed at m/z 11,048 and 11,230. Our results suggest that MALDI-TOF MS affords rapid characterization of individual microalgae and simple microalgal mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duane Barbano
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Regina Diaz
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, 427 East Tyler Mall, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, MC 2352, P.O. Box 37100, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Todd Sandrin
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, MC 2352, P.O. Box 37100, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Henri Gerken
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7418 Innovation Way South, Building ISTB-3, Room 103, Mesa, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Thomas Dempster
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, 7418 Innovation Way South, Building ISTB-3, Room 103, Mesa, Arizona, United States of America
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Singhal N, Kumar M, Kanaujia PK, Virdi JS. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry: an emerging technology for microbial identification and diagnosis. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:791. [PMID: 26300860 PMCID: PMC4525378 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 781] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently microorganisms are best identified using 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene sequencing. However, in recent years matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has emerged as a potential tool for microbial identification and diagnosis. During the MALDI-TOF MS process, microbes are identified using either intact cells or cell extracts. The process is rapid, sensitive, and economical in terms of both labor and costs involved. The technology has been readily imbibed by microbiologists who have reported usage of MALDI-TOF MS for a number of purposes like, microbial identification and strain typing, epidemiological studies, detection of biological warfare agents, detection of water- and food-borne pathogens, detection of antibiotic resistance and detection of blood and urinary tract pathogens etc. The limitation of the technology is that identification of new isolates is possible only if the spectral database contains peptide mass fingerprints of the type strains of specific genera/species/subspecies/strains. This review provides an overview of the status and recent applications of mass spectrometry for microbial identification. It also explores the usefulness of this exciting new technology for diagnosis of diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelja Singhal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi New Delhi, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Biophysics, University of Delhi New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan K Kanaujia
- Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi New Delhi, India
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Identification of immunodominant proteins of the microalgae Prototheca by proteomic analysis. New Microbes New Infect 2014; 3:37-40. [PMID: 25755891 PMCID: PMC4337938 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prototheca zopfii associated with bovine mastitis and human protothecosis exists as two genotypes, of which genotype 1 is considered as non-infectious and genotype 2 as infectious. The mechanism of infection has not yet been described. The present study was aimed to identify genotype 2-specific immunodominant proteins. Prototheca proteins were separated using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Subsequent western blotting with rabbit hyperimmune serum revealed 28 protein spots. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis resulted in the identification of 15 proteins including malate dehydrogenase, elongation factor 1-alpha, heat shock protein 70, and 14-3-3 protein, which were previously described as immunogenic proteins of other eukaryotic pathogens.
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21
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Uhlmann KR, Gibb S, Kalkhof S, Arroyo-Abad U, Schulz C, Hoffmann B, Stubbins F, Carpenter S, Beer M, von Bergen M, Feltens R. Species determination of Culicoides biting midges via peptide profiling using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Parasit Vectors 2014; 7:392. [PMID: 25152308 PMCID: PMC4158057 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Culicoides biting midges are vectors of bluetongue and Schmallenberg viruses that inflict large-scale disease epidemics in ruminant livestock in Europe. Methods based on morphological characteristics and sequencing of genetic markers are most commonly employed to differentiate Culicoides to species level. Proteomic methods, however, are also increasingly being used as an alternative method of identification. These techniques have the potential to be rapid and may also offer advantages over DNA-based techniques. The aim of this proof-of-principle study was to develop a simple MALDI-MS based method to differentiate Culicoides from different species by peptide patterns with the additional option of identifying discriminating peptides. Methods Proteins extracted from 7 Culicoides species were digested and resulting peptides purified. Peptide mass fingerprint (PMF) spectra were recorded using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and peak patterns analysed in R using the MALDIquant R package. Additionally, offline liquid chromatography (LC) MALDI-TOF tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was applied to determine the identity of peptide peaks in one exemplary MALDI spectrum obtained using an unfractionated extract. Results We showed that the majority of Culicoides species yielded reproducible mass spectra with peak patterns that were suitable for classification. The dendrogram obtained by MS showed tentative similarities to a dendrogram generated from cytochrome oxidase I (COX1) sequences. Using offline LC-MALDI-TOF-MS/MS we determined the identity of 28 peptide peaks observed in one MALDI spectrum in a mass range from 1.1 to 3.1 kDa. All identified peptides were identical to other dipteran species and derived from one of five highly abundant proteins due to an absence of available Culicoides data. Conclusion Shotgun mass mapping by MALDI-TOF-MS has been shown to be compatible with morphological and genetic identification of specimens. Furthermore, the method performs at least as well as an alternative approach based on MS spectra of intact proteins, thus establishing the procedure as a method in its own right, with the additional option of concurrently using the same samples in other MS-based applications for protein identifications. The future availability of genomic information for different Culicoides species may enable a more stringent peptide detection based on Culicoides-specific sequence information. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1756-3305-7-392) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Proteomics, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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Hirose N, Nishimura K, Inoue-Sakamoto M, Masuda M. Ribosomal internal transcribed spacer of Prototheca wickerhamii has characteristic structure useful for identification and genotyping. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81223. [PMID: 24312279 PMCID: PMC3842318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Prototheca species are achlorophyllous algae ubiquitous in nature and known to cause localized and systemic infection both in humans and animals. Although identification of the Prototheca species in clinical specimens is a challenge, there are an increasing number of cases in which molecular techniques have successfully been used for diagnosis of protothecosis. In this study, we characterized nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of a strain of Prototheca (FL11-0001) isolated from a dermatitis patient in Japan for its species identification. When nuclear rDNA of FL11-0001 and that of various other Prototheca strains were compared by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the results indicated that the sizes of ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were different in a species-dependent manner, suggesting that the variation might be useful for differentiation of Prototheca spp. Especially, ITS of P. wickerhamii, the most common cause of human protothecosis, was distinctively larger than that of other Prototheca spp. FL11-0001, whose ITS was comparably large, could easily be identified as P. wickerhamii. The usefulness of the PCR analysis of ITS was also demonstrated by the discovery that one of the clinical isolates that had previously been designated as P. wickerhamii was likely a novel species. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that nucleotide sequences of P. wickerhamii ITS are heterogenous between different rDNA copies in each strain and also polymorphic between strains. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the ITS sequences could be classified to four clades, based on which P. wickerhamii strains might be grouped into at least two genotypes. Comprehensive characterization of Prototheca rDNA may provide valuable insights into diagnosis and epidemiology of protothecosis, as well as evolution and taxonomy of Prototheca and related organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Hirose
- Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
- Fukushima Plant, BD Japan, Co., Ltd., Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuko Nishimura
- Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
- First Laboratories, Co. Ltd., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Maki Inoue-Sakamoto
- Dermatology Division, Amakusa Chuo General Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Michiaki Masuda
- Department of Microbiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Kostrzewa M, Sparbier K, Maier T, Schubert S. MALDI‐TOF MS: an upcoming tool for rapid detection of antibiotic resistance in microorganisms. Proteomics Clin Appl 2013; 7:767-78. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Murugaiyan J, Weise C, von Bergen M, Roesler U. Two-dimensional proteome reference map of Prototheca zopfii
revealed reduced metabolism and enhanced signal transduction as adaptation to an infectious life style. Proteomics 2013; 13:2664-9. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Institute of Animal Health and Environmental Hygiene; Freie Universitaet-Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry; Freie Universitaet-Berlin; Berlin Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Proteomics; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ; Leipzig Germany
- Department of Metabolomics; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ; Leipzig Germany
- Department of Biotechnology; Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Aalborg University; Aalborg Denmark
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Institute of Animal Health and Environmental Hygiene; Freie Universitaet-Berlin; Berlin Germany
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The Non-Photosynthetic Algae Helicosporidium spp.: Emergence of a Novel Group of Insect Pathogens. INSECTS 2013; 4:375-91. [PMID: 26462425 PMCID: PMC4553470 DOI: 10.3390/insects4030375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Since the original description of Helicosporidium parasiticum in 1921, members of the genus Helicosporidium have been reported to infect a wide variety of invertebrates, but their characterization has remained dependent on occasional reports of infection. Recently, several new Helicosporidium isolates have been successfully maintained in axenic cultures. The ability to produce large quantity of biological material has led to very significant advances in the understanding of Helicosporidium biology and its interactions with insect hosts. In particular, the unique infectious process has been well documented; the highly characteristic cyst and its included filamentous cell have been shown to play a central role during host infection and have been the focus of detailed morphological and developmental studies. In addition, phylogenetic analyses inferred from a multitude of molecular sequences have demonstrated that Helicosporidium are highly specialized non-photosynthetic algae (Chlorophyta: Trebouxiophyceae), and represent the first described entomopathogenic algae. This review provides an overview of (i) the morphology of Helicosporidium cell types, (ii) the Helicosporidium life cycle, including the entire infectious sequence and its impact on insect hosts, (iii) the phylogenetic analyses that have prompted the taxonomic classification of Helicosporidium as green algae, and (iv) the documented host range for this novel group of entomopathogens.
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Hoppenheit A, Murugaiyan J, Bauer B, Steuber S, Clausen PH, Roesler U. Identification of Tsetse (Glossina spp.) using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2013; 7:e2305. [PMID: 23875040 PMCID: PMC3708848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Glossina (G.) spp. (Diptera: Glossinidae), known as tsetse flies, are vectors of African trypanosomes that cause sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in domestic livestock. Knowledge on tsetse distribution and accurate species identification help identify potential vector intervention sites. Morphological species identification of tsetse is challenging and sometimes not accurate. The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI TOF MS) technique, already standardised for microbial identification, could become a standard method for tsetse fly diagnostics. Therefore, a unique spectra reference database was created for five lab-reared species of riverine-, savannah- and forest- type tsetse flies and incorporated with the commercial Biotyper 3.0 database. The standard formic acid/acetonitrile extraction of male and female whole insects and their body parts (head, thorax, abdomen, wings and legs) was used to obtain the flies' proteins. The computed composite correlation index and cluster analysis revealed the suitability of any tsetse body part for a rapid taxonomical identification. Phyloproteomic analysis revealed that the peak patterns of G. brevipalpis differed greatly from the other tsetse. This outcome was comparable to previous theories that they might be considered as a sister group to other tsetse spp. Freshly extracted samples were found to be matched at the species level. However, sex differentiation proved to be less reliable. Similarly processed samples of the common house fly Musca domestica (Diptera: Muscidae; strain: Lei) did not yield any match with the tsetse reference database. The inclusion of additional strains of morphologically defined wild caught flies of known origin and the availability of large-scale mass spectrometry data could facilitate rapid tsetse species identification in the future. Tsetse flies are confined to tropical Africa and are carriers for trypanosomes, single-celled blood parasites. Through the bite of an infective tsetse, people and animals may contract trypanosomiasis, a degenerative disease leading to death if left untreated. Tsetse control proved effective for disease containment, but data on the flies as tsetse identification are a prerequisite for planning any control intervention. There are 32 generally accepted tsetse species and subspecies. Classical species identification relies on minor morphological differences, often challenging for field workers. In the last decade, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation (MALDI) has revolutionised microbial species identification. After a simple protein extraction, a laser-induced ionisation takes place. Then, the ions are accelerated in a vacuum tube, and their Time of Flight (ToF) to reach the detector is recorded. The protein composition of each organism is unique, and so is their MALDI signature. Comparison of the obtained signature with a database of known organisms enables rapid identification as reliable as genome-based methods. To possibly speed up tsetse diagnostics, we established a MALDI database for the identification of five defined laboratory tsetse breeds. Inclusion of wild-caught tsetse could reinforce the reference database for the identification of tsetse at the species and subspecies level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Hoppenheit
- Freie Universität Berlin, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (AH); (JM)
| | - Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Freie Universität Berlin, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Institute of Animal Health and Environmental Hygiene, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (AH); (JM)
| | - Burkhard Bauer
- Freie Universität Berlin, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Steuber
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter-Henning Clausen
- Freie Universität Berlin, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Freie Universität Berlin, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Institute of Animal Health and Environmental Hygiene, Berlin, Germany
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Mancera N, Douma LG, James S, Liu S, Van A, Boucias DG, Tartar A. Detection of Helicosporidium spp. in metagenomic DNA. J Invertebr Pathol 2012; 111:13-9. [PMID: 22609409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Distinct isolates of the invertebrate pathogenic alga Helicosporidium sp., collected from different insect hosts and different geographic locations, were processed to sequence the 18S rDNA and β-tubulin genes. The sequences were analyzed to assess genetic variation within the genus Helicosporidium and to design Helicosporidium-specific 18S rDNA primers. The specificity of these primers was demonstrated by testing not only on the Helicosporidium sp. isolates, but also on two trebouxiophyte algae known to be close Helicosporidium relatives, Prototheca wickerhamii and Prototheca zopfii. The genus-specific primers were used to develop a culture-independent assay aimed at detecting the presence of Helicosporidium spp. in environmental waters. The assay was based on the PCR amplification of 18SrDNA gene fragments from metagenomic DNA preparations, and it resulted in the amplification of detectable products for all sampled sites. Phylogenetic analyses that included the environmental sequences demonstrated that all amplification products clustered in a strongly supported, monophyletic Helicosporidium clade, thereby validating the metagenomic approach and the taxonomic origin of the produced environmental sequences. In addition, the phylogenetic analyses established that Helicosporidium spp. isolated from coleopteran hosts are more closely related to each other than they are to the isolate collected from a dipteran host. Finally, the phylogenetic trees depicted intergeneric relationships that supported a Helicosporidium-Prototheca cluster but did not support a Helicosporidium-Coccomyxa grouping, suggesting that pathogenicity to invertebrates evolved at least twice independently within the trebouxiophyte green algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norberto Mancera
- Division of Math, Science and Technology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
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Pieper L, Godkin A, Roesler U, Polleichtner A, Slavic D, Leslie KE, Kelton DF. Herd characteristics and cow-level factors associated with Prototheca mastitis on dairy farms in Ontario, Canada. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:5635-44. [PMID: 22884347 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prototheca spp. are algae that cause incurable acute or chronic mastitis in dairy cows. The aim of this case-control study was the identification of cow- and herd-level risk factors for this unusual mastitis pathogen. Aseptically collected composite milk samples from 2,428 milking cows in 23 case and 23 control herds were collected between January and May 2011. A questionnaire was administered to the producers, and cow-level production and demographic data were gathered. In 58 of 64 isolates, Prototheca spp. and Prototheca zopfii genotypes were differentiated using PCR and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. All isolates were identified as Prototheca zopfii genotype 2. The mean within-herd prevalence for Prototheca spp. was 5.1% (range 0.0-12.5%). Case herds had a significantly lower herd-level prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and a higher prevalence of yeasts than did control herds. The final logistic regression model for herd-level risk factors included use of intramammary injections of a non-intramammary drug [odds ratio (OR) = 136.8], the number of different injectable antibiotic products being used (OR = 2.82), the use of any dry cow teat sealant (external OR = 80.0; internal OR = 34.2), and having treated 3 or more displaced abomasums in the last 12 mo OR = 44.7). The final logistic regression model for cow-level risk factors included second or greater lactation (OR = 4.40) and the logarithm of the lactation-average somatic cell count (OR = 2.99). Unsanitary or repeated intramammary infusions, antibiotic treatment, and off-label use of injectable drugs in the udder might promote Prototheca udder infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pieper
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada, N1G 2W1.
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Murugaiyan J, Ahrholdt J, Kowbel V, Roesler U. Establishment of a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry database for rapid identification of infectious achlorophyllous green micro-algae of the genus Prototheca. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18:461-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03593.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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References. Parasitology 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/9781119968986.refs] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Rodrigues PM, Silva TS, Dias J, Jessen F. PROTEOMICS in aquaculture: applications and trends. J Proteomics 2012; 75:4325-45. [PMID: 22498885 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 03/18/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the last forty years global aquaculture presented a growth rate of 6.9% per annum with an amazing production of 52.5 million tonnes in 2008, and a contribution of 43% of aquatic animal food for human consumption. In order to meet the world's health requirements of fish protein, a continuous growth in production is still expected for decades to come. Aquaculture is, though, a very competitive market, and a global awareness regarding the use of scientific knowledge and emerging technologies to obtain a better farmed organism through a sustainable production has enhanced the importance of proteomics in seafood biology research. Proteomics, as a powerful comparative tool, has therefore been increasingly used over the last decade to address different questions in aquaculture, regarding welfare, nutrition, health, quality, and safety. In this paper we will give an overview of these biological questions and the role of proteomics in their investigation, outlining the advantages, disadvantages and future challenges. A brief description of the proteomics technical approaches will be presented. Special focus will be on the latest trends related to the aquaculture production of fish with defined nutritional, health or quality properties for functional foods and the integration of proteomics techniques in addressing this challenging issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M Rodrigues
- Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve (CCMar), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
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Van den Bossche D, de Haan R, Van der Werff Ten Bosch J, Van Hecke W, Symoens F, Van den Borre I, Allard S, De Bel A. Case report: Infrapatellar bursitis caused by Prototheca wickerhamii. Med Mycol Case Rep 2012; 1:13-6. [PMID: 24371726 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A 54-year-old immunocompetent man presented with an infrapatellar bursitis caused by Prototheca wickerhamii. Because of clinical and microbiological relapse two weeks after bursectomy, six weekly injections of 5 mg of conventional amphotericin B were chosen for intrabursal treatment. Four months after completion of the treatment, the patient remains cured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Van den Bossche
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Roel de Haan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jutte Van der Werff Ten Bosch
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Hecke
- Department of Pathology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Françoise Symoens
- Mycology and Aerobiology Section, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Juliette Wytsmanstraat 14, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ina Van den Borre
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabine Allard
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annelies De Bel
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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Ahrholdt J, Murugaiyan J, Straubinger RK, Jagielski T, Roesler U. Epidemiological analysis of worldwide bovine, canine and human clinical Prototheca isolates by PCR genotyping and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry proteomic phenotyping. Med Mycol 2011; 50:234-43. [PMID: 21905948 DOI: 10.3109/13693786.2011.597445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents information on the phenotypic and genotypic characterization of clinical Prototheca spp. isolates obtained from different geographic regions. Of 350 isolates studied, 342 came from cattle, six from canines and two from humans. Phenotypic characterization was carried out by a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) proteomic analysis. The peptide extraction that was used for this analysis included the additional steps of washing and sonication to increase the yield of peptide. Genotypic analysis was conducted using species- and genotype-specific primers. The study revealed that among the cattle isolates, 310 (90.6%) belonged to Prototheca zopfii genotype 2, 30 (8.8%) to P. blaschkeae, and two (0.6%) to P. zopfii genotype 1. P. zopfii genotype 2 is the principal etiological agent of protothecal mastitis in cattle regardless of the geographic region. Similarly, all canine and human isolates also belonged to the P. zopfii genotype 2, suggesting that this is probably the most virulent species of the genus. The role of P. blaschkeae needs further epidemiologic studies to ascertain its etiologic role in bovine mastitis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study on phenotypic and genotypic characterization of P. zopfii and P. blaschkeae isolates originating from diverse clinical specimens from different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ahrholdt
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Free University of Berlin, Berlin.
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Welker M. Proteomics for routine identification of microorganisms. Proteomics 2011; 11:3143-53. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Feltens R, Görner R, Kalkhof S, Gröger-Arndt H, von Bergen M. Discrimination of different species from the genus Drosophila by intact protein profiling using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. BMC Evol Biol 2010; 10:95. [PMID: 20374617 PMCID: PMC2858148 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-10-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/07/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of molecular biology-based methods for species identification and establishing phylogenetic relationships has supplanted traditional methods relying on morphological characteristics. While PCR-based methods are now the commonly accepted gold standards for these types of analysis, relatively high costs, time-consuming assay development or the need for a priori information about species-specific sequences constitute major limitations. In the present study, we explored the possibility to differentiate between 13 different species from the genus Drosophila via a molecular proteomic approach. Results After establishing a simple protein extraction procedure and performing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) with intact proteins and peptides, we could show that most of the species investigated reproducibly yielded mass spectra that were adequate for species classification. Furthermore, a dendrogram generated by cluster analysis of total protein patterns agrees reasonably well with established phylogenetic relationships. Conclusion Considering the intra- and interspecies similarities and differences between spectra obtained for specimens of closely related Drosophila species, we estimate that species typing of insects and possibly other multicellular organisms by intact protein profiling (IPP) can be established successfully for species that diverged from a common ancestor about 3 million years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Feltens
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Medical Faculty of the Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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