1
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Falck D, Wuhrer M. GlYcoLISA: antigen-specific and subclass-specific IgG Fc glycosylation analysis based on an immunosorbent assay with an LC-MS readout. Nat Protoc 2024; 19:1887-1909. [PMID: 38383719 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00963-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) fragment crystallizable (Fc) glycosylation modulates effector functions such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. Consequently, assessing IgG Fc glycosylation is important for understanding the role of antibodies in infectious, alloimmune and autoimmune diseases. GlYcoLISA determines the Fc glycosylation of antigen-specific IgG by an immunosorbent assay with a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) readout. Detection of antigen-specific IgG glycosylation in a subclass- and site-specific manner is realized by LC-MS-based glycopeptide analysis after proteolytic cleavage. GlYcoLISA addresses challenges related to the low abundance of specific IgG and the high background of total IgG by using well-established immunosorbent assays for purifying antibodies of the desired specificity using immobilized antigen. Alternative methods with sufficient glycan resolution lack these important specificities. GlYcoLISA is performed in a 96-well plate format, and the analysis of 160 samples takes ~5 d, with 1 d for sample preparation, 2 d of LC-MS measurement and 2 d for partially automated data processing. GlYcoLISA requires expertise in LC-MS operation and data processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Falck
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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2
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Lageveen‐Kammeijer GSM, Kuster B, Reusch D, Wuhrer M. High sensitivity glycomics in biomedicine. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2022; 41:1014-1039. [PMID: 34494287 PMCID: PMC9788051 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Many analytical challenges in biomedicine arise from the generally high heterogeneity and complexity of glycan- and glycoconjugate-containing samples, which are often only available in minute amounts. Therefore, highly sensitive workflows and detection methods are required. In this review mass spectrometric workflows and detection methods are evaluated for glycans and glycoproteins. Furthermore, glycomic methodologies and innovations that are tailored for enzymatic treatments, chemical derivatization, purification, separation, and detection at high sensitivity are highlighted. The discussion is focused on the analysis of mammalian N-linked and GalNAc-type O-linked glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair for Proteomics and BioanalyticsTechnical University of MunichFreisingGermany
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Technical Development EuropeRoche Diagnostics GmbHPenzbergGermany
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Leiden University Medical CenterCenter for Proteomics and MetabolomicsLeidenThe Netherlands
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3
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Trbojević-Akmačić I, Lageveen-Kammeijer GSM, Heijs B, Petrović T, Deriš H, Wuhrer M, Lauc G. High-Throughput Glycomic Methods. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15865-15913. [PMID: 35797639 PMCID: PMC9614987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycomics aims to identify the structure and function of the glycome, the complete set of oligosaccharides (glycans), produced in a given cell or organism, as well as to identify genes and other factors that govern glycosylation. This challenging endeavor requires highly robust, sensitive, and potentially automatable analytical technologies for the analysis of hundreds or thousands of glycomes in a timely manner (termed high-throughput glycomics). This review provides a historic overview as well as highlights recent developments and challenges of glycomic profiling by the most prominent high-throughput glycomic approaches, with N-glycosylation analysis as the focal point. It describes the current state-of-the-art regarding levels of characterization and most widely used technologies, selected applications of high-throughput glycomics in deciphering glycosylation process in healthy and disease states, as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bram Heijs
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tea Petrović
- Genos,
Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Helena Deriš
- Genos,
Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden
University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Genos,
Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Borongajska cesta 83H, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Faculty
of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University
of Zagreb, A. Kovačića 1, 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia
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4
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Bay-Jensen AC, Siebuhr AS, Damgaard D, Drobinski P, Thudium C, Mortensen J, Nielsen CH. Objective and noninvasive biochemical markers in rheumatoid arthritis: where are we and where are we going? Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:159-175. [PMID: 33783300 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1908892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects approximately 1% of the adult population. RA is multi-factorial, and as such our understanding of the molecular pathways involved in the disease is currently limited. An increasing number of studies have suggested that several molecular phenotypes (i.e. endotypes) of RA exist, and that different endotypes respond differently to various treatments. Biochemical markers may be an attractive means for achieving precision medicine, as they are objective and easily obtainable. AREAS COVERED We searched recent publications on biochemical markers in RA as either diagnostic or prognostic markers, or as markers of disease activity. Here, we provide a narrative overview of different classes of markers, such as autoantibodies, citrulline products, markers of tissue turnover and cytokines, that have been tested in clinical cohorts or trials including RA patients. EXPERT OPINION Although many biochemical markers have been identified and tested, few are currently being used in clinical practice. As more treatment options are becoming available, the need for precision medicine tools that can aid physicians and patients in choosing the right treatment is growing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Bay-Jensen
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Siebuhr
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Dres Damgaard
- Center for Rheumatolology and Spine Diseases, Institute for Inflammation Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Patryk Drobinski
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Christian Thudium
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Joachim Mortensen
- ImmunoScience, Nordic Bioscience Biomarkers and Research, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Claus H Nielsen
- Center for Rheumatolology and Spine Diseases, Institute for Inflammation Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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5
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Haddad G, Lorenzen JM, Ma H, de Haan N, Seeger H, Zaghrini C, Brandt S, Kölling M, Wegmann U, Kiss B, Pál G, Gál P, Wüthrich RP, Wuhrer M, Beck LH, Salant DJ, Lambeau G, Kistler AD. Altered glycosylation of IgG4 promotes lectin complement pathway activation in anti-PLA2R1-associated membranous nephropathy. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:140453. [PMID: 33351779 DOI: 10.1172/jci140453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary membranous nephropathy (pMN) is a leading cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. In most cases, this autoimmune kidney disease is associated with autoantibodies against the M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R1) expressed on kidney podocytes, but the mechanisms leading to glomerular damage remain elusive. Here, we developed a cell culture model using human podocytes and found that anti-PLA2R1-positive pMN patient sera or isolated IgG4, but not IgG4-depleted sera, induced proteolysis of the 2 essential podocyte proteins synaptopodin and NEPH1 in the presence of complement, resulting in perturbations of the podocyte cytoskeleton. Specific blockade of the lectin pathway prevented degradation of synaptopodin and NEPH1. Anti-PLA2R1 IgG4 directly bound mannose-binding lectin in a glycosylation-dependent manner. In a cohort of pMN patients, we identified increased levels of galactose-deficient IgG4, which correlated with anti-PLA2R1 titers and podocyte damage induced by patient sera. Assembly of the terminal C5b-9 complement complex and activation of the complement receptors C3aR1 or C5aR1 were required to induce proteolysis of synaptopodin and NEPH1 by 2 distinct proteolytic pathways mediated by cysteine and aspartic proteinases, respectively. Together, these results demonstrated a mechanism by which aberrantly glycosylated IgG4 activated the lectin pathway and induced podocyte injury in primary membranous nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Haddad
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johan M Lorenzen
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - Harald Seeger
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christelle Zaghrini
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Simone Brandt
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malte Kölling
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Wegmann
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bence Kiss
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Pál
- Department of Biochemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Gál
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rudolf P Wüthrich
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | - Laurence H Beck
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David J Salant
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gérard Lambeau
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Andreas D Kistler
- Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Nephrology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Frauenfeld, Switzerland
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6
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Sehic E, Westerlund A, Lagerquist MK, Lerner UH, Carlsten H, Henning P, Engdahl C. Immunoglobulin G complexes without sialic acids enhance osteoclastogenesis but do not affect arthritis-mediated bone loss. Scand J Immunol 2020; 93:e13009. [PMID: 33320370 PMCID: PMC8243958 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is important in clearance and recognition of previously presented antigens and after activation, IgGs can interact with the Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) on haematopoietic cells, including bone‐resorbing osteoclasts. The pathogenicity of IgG, that is the ability to elicit stimulatory effects via FcγRs, can be modulated by attachment of sugar moieties, including sialic acids. Human IgGs and autoantibodies are associated with bone loss in autoimmune disease. However, the impact of polyclonal murine IgG via FcγRs on bone loss is poorly understood. Here, we investigate if heat‐aggregated activated murine polyclonal IgG complexes have any direct effects on murine osteoclasts and if they modulate arthritis‐mediated bone loss. Using cell cultures of murine osteoclasts, we show that IgG complexes without sialic acids (de‐IgG complexes) enhance receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa‐Β ligand (RANKL)‐stimulated osteoclastogenesis, an effect associated with increased FcγRIII expression. Using an in vivo model of arthritis‐mediated bone loss, where IgG complexes were injected into arthritic knees, no effect on the severity of arthritis or the degree of arthritis‐mediated bone loss was detected. Interestingly, injection of de‐IgG complexes into non‐arthritic knees increased osteoclast formation and enhanced bone erosions. Our findings show that activated de‐IgG complexes have no additive effect on arthritis‐mediated bone loss. However, de‐IgG complexes potentiate murine osteoclastogenesis and enhance local bone erosion in non‐arthritic bones, further confirming the link between the adaptive immune system and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Sehic
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Westerlund
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marie K Lagerquist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf H Lerner
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hans Carlsten
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Petra Henning
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Engdahl
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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7
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Mahler M, Martinez-Prat L, Sparks JA, Deane KD. Precision medicine in the care of rheumatoid arthritis: Focus on prediction and prevention of future clinically-apparent disease. Autoimmun Rev 2020; 19:102506. [PMID: 32173516 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is an emerging understanding that an individual's risk for future rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can be determined using a combination of factors while they are still in a state where clinically-apparent inflammatory arthritis (IA) is not yet present. Indeed, this concept has underpinned several completed and ongoing prevention trials in RA. Importantly, risk factors can be divided into modifiable (e.g. smoking, exercise, dental care and diet) and non-modifiable factors (e.g. genetics, sex, age). In addition, there are now several biomarkers including autoantibodies, inflammatory markers and imaging techniques that are highly predictive of future clinically-apparent IA/RA. Although none of the prevention studies have yet provided major breakthroughs, several of them have provided valuable insights that can help to improve the design of future clinical trials and enable RA prevention. In aggregate, these findings suggest that the most accurate disease prediction models will require the combination of demographic and clinical information, biomarkers and potentially medical imaging data to identify individuals for intervention. This review summarizes some of the key aspects around precision medicine in RA with special focus on disease prediction and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeffrey A Sparks
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin D Deane
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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8
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Kampstra ASB, Dekkers JS, Volkov M, Dorjée AL, Hafkenscheid L, Kempers AC, van Delft M, Kissel T, Reijm S, Janssen GMC, van Veelen PA, Bang H, Huizinga TWJ, Trouw LA, van der Woude D, Toes REM. Different classes of anti-modified protein antibodies are induced on exposure to antigens expressing only one type of modification. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:908-916. [PMID: 31151934 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autoantibodies against post-translationally modified proteins (anti-modified protein antibodies or AMPAs) are a hallmark of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A variety of classes of AMPAs against different modifications on proteins, such as citrullination, carbamylation and acetylation, have now been described in RA. At present, there is no conceptual framework explaining the concurrent presence or mutual relationship of different AMPA responses in RA. Here, we aimed to gain understanding of the co-occurrence of AMPA by postulating that the AMPA response shares a common 'background' that can evolve into different classes of AMPAs. METHODS Mice were immunised with modified antigens and analysed for AMPA responses. In addition, reactivity of AMPA purified from patients with RA towards differently modified antigens was determined. RESULTS Immunisation with carbamylated proteins induced AMPAs recognising carbamylated proteins and also acetylated proteins. Similarly, acetylated proteins generated (autoreactive) AMPAs against other modifications as well. Analysis of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies from patients with RA revealed that these also display reactivity to acetylated and carbamylated antigens. Similarly, anti-carbamylated protein antibodies showed cross-reactivity against all three post-translational modifications. CONCLUSIONS Different AMPA responses can emerge from exposure to only a single type of modified protein. These findings indicate that different AMPA responses can originate from a common B-cell response that diversifies into multiple distinct AMPA responses and explain the presence of multiple AMPAs in RA, one of the hallmarks of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mikhail Volkov
- Department of Rheumatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annemarie L Dorjée
- Department of Rheumatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lise Hafkenscheid
- Department of Rheumatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ayla C Kempers
- Department of Rheumatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Myrthe van Delft
- Department of Rheumatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Theresa Kissel
- Department of Rheumatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Reijm
- Department of Rheumatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - George M C Janssen
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Center of Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Bang
- Research and development, Orgentec Diagnostika, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tom W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert A Trouw
- Department of Immunohematology and Bloodtransfusion, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Diane van der Woude
- Department of Rheumatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden, The Netherlands
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9
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Patients with anti-Jo1 antibodies display a characteristic IgG Fc-glycan profile which is further enhanced in anti-Jo1 autoantibodies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17958. [PMID: 30560888 PMCID: PMC6298993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36395-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IgG Fc-glycans affect IgG function and are altered in autoimmune diseases and autoantibodies. Anti-histidyl tRNA synthetase autoantibodies (anti-Jo1) are frequent in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) and anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS) with associated interstitial lung disease (ILD). Thus, we hypothesized that the total-IgG Fc-glycans from Jo1+ versus Jo1− patients and anti-Jo1-IgG would show characteristic differences, and that particular Fc-glycan features would be associated with specific clinical manifestations. By proteomics based mass spectrometry we observed a high abundance of agalactosylated IgG1 Fc-glycans in ASS/IIM patients (n = 44) compared to healthy age matched controls (n = 24). Using intra-individual normalization of the main agalactosylated glycan (FA2) of IgG1 vs FA2-IgG2, ASS/IIM and controls were distinguished with an area under the curve (AUC) of 79 ± 6%. For Jo1+ patients (n = 19) the AUCs went up to 88 ± 6%. Bisected and afucosylated Fc-glycans were significantly lower in Jo1+ compared to Jo1− patients. Anti-Jo1-IgG enriched from eleven patients contained even significantly lower abundances of bisected, afucosylated and galactosylated forms compared to matched total-IgG. ASS and ILD diagnosis, as well as lysozyme and thrombospondin correlated with Jo1+ characteristic Fc-glycan features. These results suggest that the anti-Jo1+ patient Fc-glycan profile contains phenotype specific features which may underlie the pathogenic role of Jo1 autoantibodies.
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10
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Alter G, Ottenhoff TH, Joosten SA. Antibody glycosylation in inflammation, disease and vaccination. Semin Immunol 2018; 39:102-110. [PMID: 29903548 PMCID: PMC8731230 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies are antigen recognizing immunoglobulins with an amazingly diverse repertoire in the antigen specific domain. The diversity of the antibody response is further increased by modifications such as somatic recombination and hypermutation. Furthermore, variation in the isotype and post-translational modifications such as Fc glycosylation further increase diversity of the effector functions. In particular variations in the glycan structures contribute significantly to the functional capacities of the antibodies. This is of particular interest given the dynamic nature of these modifications that is strongly influenced by the inflammatory environment. Intriguingly, the glycan profile of antibodies has been unravelled in great detail in inflammatory (auto)immune diseases but received only limited attention in the area of infectious diseases and vaccination. Here, we reviewed the current knowledge on immunoglobulin glycosylation and specifically focussed on studies in the field of infectious diseases and vaccination against infectious diseases, an area with a lot of interesting opportunities.
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11
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Scherer HU, Huizinga TWJ, Krönke G, Schett G, Toes REM. The B cell response to citrullinated antigens in the development of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2018; 14:157-169. [DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2018.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Cheng HD, Stöckmann H, Adamczyk B, McManus CA, Ercan A, Holm IA, Rudd PM, Ackerman ME, Nigrovic PA. High-throughput characterization of the functional impact of IgG Fc glycan aberrancy in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Glycobiology 2017; 27:1099-1108. [PMID: 28973482 PMCID: PMC5881781 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) encompasses all forms of chronic idiopathic arthritis that arise before age 16. Previous studies have found JIA to be associated with lower Fc galactosylation of circulating IgG, but the overall spectrum of glycan changes and the net impact on IgG function are unknown. Using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), we compared IgG glycosylation in 54 subjects with recent-onset untreated JIA with 98 healthy pediatric controls, paired to biophysical profiling of affinity for 20 IgG receptors using a high-throughput multiplexed microsphere assay. Patients with JIA exhibited an increase in hypogalactosylated and hyposialylated IgG glycans, but no change in fucosylation or bisection, together with alteration in the spectrum of IgG ligand binding. Supervised machine learning demonstrated a robust capacity to discriminate JIA subjects from controls using either glycosylation or binding data. The binding signature was driven predominantly by enhanced affinity for Fc receptor like protein 5 (FcRL5), a noncanonical Fc receptor expressed on B cells. Affinity for FcRL5 correlated inversely with galactosylation and sialylation, a relationship confirmed through enzymatic manipulation. These results demonstrate the capacity of combined structural and biophysical IgG phenotyping to define the overall functional impact of IgG glycan changes and implicate FcRL5 as a potential cellular sensor of IgG glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao D Cheng
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755 NH, USA
| | - Henning Stöckmann
- NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Barbara Adamczyk
- NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Ciara A McManus
- NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Altan Ercan
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ingrid A Holm
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pauline M Rudd
- NIBRT-The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Fosters Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Margaret E Ackerman
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755 NH, USA
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, 03755 NH, USA
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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A method to identify trace sulfated IgG N-glycans as biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:631. [PMID: 28931878 PMCID: PMC5606999 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
N-linked glycans on immunoglobulin G (IgG) have been associated with pathogenesis of diseases and the therapeutic functions of antibody-based drugs; however, low-abundance species are difficult to detect. Here we show a glycomic approach to detect these species on human IgGs using a specialized microfluidic chip. We discover 20 sulfated and 4 acetylated N-glycans on IgGs. Using multiple reaction monitoring method, we precisely quantify these previously undetected low-abundance, trace and even ultra-trace N-glycans. From 277 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 141 healthy individuals, we also identify N-glycan biomarkers for the classification of both rheumatoid factor (RF)-positive and negative RA patients, as well as anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA)-positive and negative RA patients. This approach may identify N-glycosylation-associated biomarkers for other autoimmune and infectious diseases and lead to the exploration of promising glycoforms for antibody therapeutics.Post-translational modifications can affect antibody function in health and disease, but identification of all variants is difficult using existing technologies. Here the authors develop a microfluidic method to identify and quantify low-abundance IgG N-glycans and show some of these IgGs can be used as biomarkers for rheumatoid arthritis.
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14
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Kao D, Lux A, Schaffert A, Lang R, Altmann F, Nimmerjahn F. IgG subclass and vaccination stimulus determine changes in antigen specific antibody glycosylation in mice. Eur J Immunol 2017; 47:2070-2079. [PMID: 28771702 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201747208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) glycosylation can modulate antibody effector functions. Depending on the precise composition of the sugar moiety attached to individual IgG glycovariants either pro- or anti-inflammatory effector pathways can be initiated via differential binding to type I or type II Fc-receptors. However, an in depth understanding of how individual IgG subclasses are glycosylated during the steady state and how their glycosylation pattern changes during vaccination is missing. To monitor IgG subclass glycosylation during the steady state and upon vaccination of mice with different T-cell dependent and independent antigens, tryptic digests of serum, and antigen-specific IgG preparations were analyzed by reversed phase-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We show that there is a remarkable difference with respect to how individual IgG subclasses are glycosylated during the steady state. More importantly, upon T-cell dependent and independent vaccinations, individual antigen-specific IgG subclasses reacted differently with respect to changes in individual glycoforms, suggesting that the IgG subclass itself is a major determinant of restricting or allowing alterations in specific IgG glycovariants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Kao
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Lux
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Schaffert
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Lang
- Chair of Microbiology and Infection Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Chair of Genetics, Department of Biology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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15
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Stümer J, Biermann MHC, Knopf J, Magorivska I, Kastbom A, Svärd A, Janko C, Bilyy R, Schett G, Sjöwall C, Herrmann M, Muñoz LE. Altered glycan accessibility on native immunoglobulin G complexes in early rheumatoid arthritis and its changes during therapy. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 189:372-382. [PMID: 28509333 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the glycosylation profile of native immunoglobulin (Ig)G present in serum immune complexes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To accomplish this, lectin binding assays, detecting the accessibility of glycans present on IgG-containing immune complexes by biotinylated lectins, were employed. Lectins capturing fucosyl residues (AAL), fucosylated tri-mannose N-glycan core sites (LCA), terminal sialic acid residues (SNA) and O-glycosidically linked galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNac-L) were used. Patients with recent-onset RA at baseline and after 3-year follow-up were investigated. We found that native IgG was complexed significantly more often with IgM, C1q, C3c and C-reactive protein (CRP) in RA patients, suggesting alterations of the native structure of IgG. The total accessibility of fucose residues on captured immune complexes to the respective lectin was significantly higher in patients with RA. Moreover, fucose accessibility on IgG-containing immune complexes correlated positively with the levels of antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP). We also observed a significantly higher accessibility to sialic acid residues and galactose/GalNAc glyco-epitopes in native complexed IgG of patients with RA at baseline. While sialic acid accessibility increased during treatment, the accessibility of galactose/GalNAc decreased. Hence, successful treatment of RA was associated with an increase in the SNA/GalNAc-L ratio. Interestingly, the SNA/GalNAc-L ratio in particular rises after glucocorticoid treatment. In summary, this study shows the exposure of glycans in native complexed IgG of patients with early RA, revealing particular glycosylation patterns and its changes following pharmaceutical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stümer
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - M H C Biermann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Knopf
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - I Magorivska
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - A Kastbom
- Rheumatology/Division of Neuro and Inflammation Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - A Svärd
- Rheumatology Clinic, Falun Hospital, Falun, Sweden
| | - C Janko
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Bilyy
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - G Schett
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - C Sjöwall
- Rheumatology/Division of Neuro and Inflammation Sciences, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - M Herrmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - L E Muñoz
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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16
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Hafkenscheid L, Bondt A, Scherer HU, Huizinga TWJ, Wuhrer M, Toes REM, Rombouts Y. Structural Analysis of Variable Domain Glycosylation of Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis Reveals the Presence of Highly Sialylated Glycans. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 16:278-287. [PMID: 27956708 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.062919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we showed the unexpectedly high abundance of N-linked glycans on the Fab-domain of Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibodies (ACPA). As N-linked glycans can mediate a variety of biological functions, we now aimed at investigating the structural composition of the Fab-glycans of ACPA-IgG to better understand their mediated biological effects. ACPA-IgG and noncitrulline specific (control) IgG from plasma and/or synovial fluid of nine ACPA positive rheumatoid arthritis patients were affinity purified. The N-linked glycosylation of total, Fc and F(ab')2 fragments, as well as heavy and light chains of ACPA-IgG and control IgG were analyzed by UHPLC and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The Fc-glycosylation of ACPA-IgG and IgG was analyzed at the glycopeptide level using LC-MS. The structural analyses revealed that ACPA-IgG molecules contain highly sialylated glycans in their Fab-domain. Importantly, Fab-glycans were estimated to be present on over 90% of ACPA-IgG, which is five times higher than in control IgG isolated from the same patients. This feature was more prominent on ACPA isolated from synovial fluid compared with peripheral blood. These observations provide the first evidence pointing to the ability of ACPA-IgG to mediate novel immunological activities, for example through binding specific lectins via hyper-sialylated Fab-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Hafkenscheid
- From the ‡Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands;
| | - Albert Bondt
- From the ‡Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.,§Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hans U Scherer
- From the ‡Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom W J Huizinga
- From the ‡Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- §Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- From the ‡Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yoann Rombouts
- From the ‡Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.,§Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.,¶Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
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17
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Changes of glycosylation of IgG in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with methotrexate. Adv Med Sci 2016; 61:193-197. [PMID: 26876088 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) decrease of galactosylation is correlated with disease activity. The aim of our study was to evaluate an effect of methotrexate therapy on glycosylation disturbances of IgG in RA patients. MATERIALS/METHODS IgG glycosylation in 40 patients with active RA treated with methotrexate for 12 months prior to and after treatment were compared. The control group consisted of 20 healthy volunteers. IgG glycosylation was assessed using biotinylated lectins and immunosorbent ELISA assay. For galactose specificity Datura stramonium lectin (DSA), for sialic acid Sambucus nigra (SNA) and Maackia amurensis (MAA) and for fucose residue Areulia auranta (AAA) lectins were used. RESULTS In RA-cases N-glycan galactosylation and sialylation of IgG before treatment were significantly lower than in healthy subjects (for DSA, MAA lectins p<0.001 and SNA p<0.05). Significant increase of IgG galactosylation and sialylation in RA patients after therapy (for DSA, MAA and SNA lectin p<0.05) was detected. Moreover the glycosylation disturbances of N-glycan IgG were strongly associated with changes of disease activity based on disease activity score. For fucose residues significantly higher absorbency of AAA lectin in RA patients before treatment was observed compared to control subjects (p<0.05) and slightly, not significantly decreased after MTX therapy. CONCLUSIONS Defect of galactosylation of IgG in RA patients is a useful marker of disease activity that may be used for the assessment of therapy effectiveness. The role of IgG fucosylation and sialylation in RA pathogenesis has still to be determined.
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18
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Zhang P, Woen S, Wang T, Liau B, Zhao S, Chen C, Yang Y, Song Z, Wormald MR, Yu C, Rudd PM. Challenges of glycosylation analysis and control: an integrated approach to producing optimal and consistent therapeutic drugs. Drug Discov Today 2016; 21:740-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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19
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Plomp R, Bondt A, de Haan N, Rombouts Y, Wuhrer M. Recent Advances in Clinical Glycoproteomics of Immunoglobulins (Igs). Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:2217-28. [PMID: 27009965 PMCID: PMC4937499 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.o116.058503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody glycosylation analysis has seen methodological progress resulting in new findings with regard to antibody glycan structure and function in recent years. For example, antigen-specific IgG glycosylation analysis is now applicable for clinical samples because of the increased sensitivity of measurements, and this has led to new insights in the relationship between IgG glycosylation and various diseases. Furthermore, many new methods have been developed for the purification and analysis of IgG Fc glycopeptides, notably multiple reaction monitoring for high-throughput quantitative glycosylation analysis. In addition, new protocols for IgG Fab glycosylation analysis were established revealing autoimmune disease-associated changes. Functional analysis has shown that glycosylation of IgA and IgE is involved in transport across the intestinal epithelium and receptor binding, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosina Plomp
- From the ‡Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Bondt
- From the ‡Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands; §Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Rheumatology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Noortje de Haan
- From the ‡Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yoann Rombouts
- ¶Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- From the ‡Leiden University Medical Center, Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden, The Netherlands;
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20
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The Role of Posttranslational Protein Modifications in Rheumatological Diseases: Focus on Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:712490. [PMID: 26090496 PMCID: PMC4451265 DOI: 10.1155/2015/712490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The definition of posttranslational modification (PTM) encompasses a wide group of chemical reactions that allow modification and modulation of protein functions. The regulation of PTMs is crucial for the activity and survival of the cells. Dysregulation of PTMs has been observed in several pathological conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a systemic autoimmune disease primarily targeting the joints. The three PTMs mainly involved in this disease are glycosylation, citrullination, and carbamylation. Glycosylation is essential for antigen processing and presentation and can modulate immunoglobulin activity. Citrullination of self-antigens is strongly associated with RA, as demonstrated by the presence of antibodies directed to anti-citrullinated proteins in patients' sera. Carbamylation and its dysregulation have been recently associated with RA. Aim of this review is to illustrate the most significant alterations of these PTMs in RA and to evaluate their possible involvement in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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21
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Kroese FGM, Baeten D, Huizinga TWJ. Autoimmunity: break-through in the diagnosis and treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:150-62. [PMID: 25455603 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The study of fundamental mechanisms of autoimmunity has been instrumental to clinical progress in the diagnosis and treatment of a range of immune-mediated inflammatory disorders. Dutch immunology has made major contributions to these developments, ranging from fundamental studies on immune cells, antibodies and cytokines to translational and clinical studies with targeted therapies in patients. In this paper we illustrate the progress made in our understanding of autoimmunity and the translational implications for human disease management by focusing on three areas: the autoantibody response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), T-B cell interactions in Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and cytokine targeting in spondylarthritis (SpA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Frans G M Kroese
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Dominique Baeten
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tom W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, C1-41 Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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Zhou H, Warren PG, Froehlich JW, Lee RS. Dual modifications strategy to quantify neutral and sialylated N-glycans simultaneously by MALDI-MS. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6277-84. [PMID: 24766348 PMCID: PMC4082391 DOI: 10.1021/ac500298a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Differences
in ionization efficiency among neutral and sialylated
glycans prevent direct quantitative comparison by their respective
mass spectrometric signals. To overcome this challenge, we developed
an integrated chemical strategy, Dual Reactions for Analytical Glycomics
(DRAG), to quantitatively compare neutral and sialylated glycans simultaneously
by MALDI-MS. Initially, two glycan samples to be compared undergo
reductive amination with 2-aminobenzoic acid and 2-13[C6]-aminobenzoic acid, respectively. The different isotope-incorporated
glycans are then combined and subjected to the methylamidation of
the sialic acid residues in one mixture, homogenizing the ionization
responses for all neutral and sialylated glycans. By this approach,
the expression change of relevant glycans between two samples is proportional
to the ratios of doublet signals with a static 6 Da mass difference
in MALDI-MS and the change in relative abundance of any glycan within
samples can also be determined. The strategy was chemically validated
using well-characterized N-glycans from bovine fetuin and IgG from
human serum. By comparing the N-glycomes from a first morning (AM)
versus an afternoon (PM) urine sample obtained from a single donor,
we further demonstrated the ability of DRAG strategy to measure subtle
quantitative differences in numerous urinary N-glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Urology and The Proteomics Center, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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23
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Bax M, Huizinga TWJ, Toes REM. The pathogenic potential of autoreactive antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Immunopathol 2014; 36:313-25. [PMID: 24763532 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-014-0429-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease affecting ∼1 % of the population. Although major advances have been made in the treatment of RA, relatively little is known about disease pathogenesis. Autoantibodies, present in approximately 60 % of the patients with early disease, might provide indications for immunological mechanisms underlying RA. Among the RA-associated autoantibodies, especially anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) have been studied intensively in the last decade. The discovery of ACPAs resulted into novel insight in RA pathogenesis and allowed division of the heterogeneous entity of RA into an ACPA-positive and ACPA-negative subset of disease. Other autoantibodies discovered in the serum of RA patients, including rheumatoid factors (RFs) targeting human IgG and anti-peptidylarginine deiminase (PAD)3/4 antibodies reactive against and activating the enzyme involved in citrullination, might contribute in collaboration with ACPAs to a feed-forward loop to aggravate erosive outcome of disease. Recently, a novel autoantibody system associated with RA was identified. These autoantibodies recognize carbamylated proteins (anti-CarP antibodies) and are detected in approximately 20 % of ACPA-negative patients, suggesting another parameter to sub-classify RA. In this review, the implication of autoantibodies in RA pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis and as biomarker for personalized medicine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Bax
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Rombouts Y, Ewing E, van de Stadt LA, Selman MHJ, Trouw LA, Deelder AM, Huizinga TWJ, Wuhrer M, van Schaardenburg D, Toes REM, Scherer HU. Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies acquire a pro-inflammatory Fc glycosylation phenotype prior to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 74:234-41. [PMID: 24106048 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) exhibit specific changes in Fc glycosylation prior to the onset of arthritis. METHODS Serum samples of patients with ACPA-positive arthralgia (n=183) were collected at baseline and at various time points of follow-up. 105 patients developed arthritis after a median of 12 months (IQR 6-24) and were classified as having either rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n=48) or undifferentiated arthritis (UA, n=57) based on the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. ACPA and total serum IgG were isolated by affinity purification and cleaved by trypsin. ACPA-IgG1 Fc-glycopeptides were subsequently analysed by nano-liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and compared to those of total IgG1. RESULTS At baseline, ACPA-IgG1 and total IgG1 from arthralgia patients displayed similar Fc glycosylation patterns. By contrast, at the onset of arthritis, ACPA exhibited a decrease in galactose residues in RA patients, but not in UA patients. This decrease occurred around 3 months prior to diagnosis and was paralleled by an increase in systemic inflammation (erythrocyte sedimentation rate). Galactosylation of total IgG1 was also decreased in RA, but this did not precede the onset of arthritis. Interestingly, we additionally noted a higher degree of ACPA-IgG1 Fc core fucosylation at baseline as compared with total IgG1, which further increased prior to diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS ACPA display significant changes in Fc galactosylation and fucosylation prior to the onset of RA. These changes towards a more pro-inflammatory phenotype could be involved in driving the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoann Rombouts
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ewoud Ewing
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Maurice H J Selman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Leendert A Trouw
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - André M Deelder
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom W J Huizinga
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dirkjan van Schaardenburg
- Jan van Breemen Research Institute
- Reade, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Rheumatology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hans U Scherer
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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25
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Hong Q, Lebrilla CB, Miyamoto S, Ruhaak LR. Absolute quantitation of immunoglobulin G and its glycoforms using multiple reaction monitoring. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8585-93. [PMID: 23944609 DOI: 10.1021/ac4009995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies aimed toward glycan biomarker discovery have focused on glycan characterization by the global profiling of released glycans. Site-specific glycosylation analysis is less developed but may provide new types of biomarkers with higher sensitivity and specificity. Quantitation of peptide-conjugated glycans directly facilitates the differential analysis of distinct glycoforms associated with specific proteins at distinct sites. We have developed a method using MRM to monitor protein glycosylation normalized to absolute protein concentrations to examine quantitative changes in glycosylation at a site-specific level. This new approach provides information regarding both the absolute amount of protein and the site-specific glycosylation profile and will thus be useful to determine if altered glycosylation profiles in serum/plasma are due to a change in protein glycosylation or a change in protein concentration. The remarkable sensitivity and selectivity of MRM enable the detection of low abundance IgG glycopeptides, even when IgG was digested directly in serum with no cleanup prior to the liquid chromatography. Our results show a low limit of detection of 60 amol and a wide dynamic range of 3 orders magnitude for IgG protein quantitation. The results show that IgG glycopeptides can be analyzed directly from serum (without enrichment) and yield more accurate abundances when normalized to the protein content. This report represents the most comprehensive study so far of the use of multiple reaction monitoring for the quantitation of glycoproteins and their glycosylation patterns in biofluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuting Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, United States
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26
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Zauner G, Selman MHJ, Bondt A, Rombouts Y, Blank D, Deelder AM, Wuhrer M. Glycoproteomic analysis of antibodies. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:856-65. [PMID: 23325769 PMCID: PMC3617332 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.r112.026005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody glycosylation has been shown to change with various processes. This review presents mass spectrometric approaches for antibody glycosylation analysis at the level of released glycans, glycopeptides, and intact protein. With regard to IgG fragment crystallizable glycosylation, mass spectrometry has shown its potential for subclass-specific, high-throughput analysis. In contrast, because of the vast heterogeneity of peptide moieties, fragment antigen binding glycosylation analysis of polyclonal IgG relies entirely on glycan release. Next to IgG, IgA has gained some attention, and studies of its O- and N-glycosylation have revealed disease-associated glycosylation changes. Glycoproteomic analyses of IgM and IgE are lagging behind but should complete our picture of glycosylation's influence on antibody function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhild Zauner
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Postbus 9600, 2300RC Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Chen S, Lu C, Gu H, Mehta A, Li J, Romano PB, Horn D, Hooper DC, Bazemore-Walker CR, Block T. Aleuria Aurantia Lectin (AAL)-reactive immunoglobulin G rapidly appears in sera of animals following antigen exposure. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44422. [PMID: 23024749 PMCID: PMC3443102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have discovered an Aleuria Aurantia Lectin (AAL)-reactive immunoglobulin G (IgG) that naturally occurs in the circulation of rabbits and mice, following immune responses induced by various foreign antigens. AAL can specifically bind to fucose moieties on glycoproteins. However, most serum IgGs are poorly bound by AAL unless they are denatured or treated with glycosidase. In this study, using an immunogen-independent AAL-antibody microarray assay that we developed, we detected AAL-reactive IgG in the sera of all animals that had been immunized 1–2 weeks previously with various immunogens with and without adjuvants and developed immunogen-specific responses. All of these animals subsequently developed immunogen-specific immune responses. The kinetics of the production of AAL-reactive IgG in mice and rabbits were distinct from those of the immunogen-specific IgGs elicited in the same animals: they rose and fell within one to two weeks, and peaked between four to seven days after exposure, while immunogen-specific IgGs continued to rise during the same period. Mass spectrometric profiling of the Fc glycoforms of purified AAL-reactive IgGs indicates that these are mainly comprised of IgGs with core-fucosylated and either mono-or non-galactosylated Fc N-glycan structures. Our results suggest that AAL-reactive IgG could be a previously unrecognized IgG subset that is selectively produced at the onset of a humoral response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songming Chen
- Institute for Hepatitis and Virus Research, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SC); (TB)
| | - Chen Lu
- Institute for Hepatitis and Virus Research, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hongbo Gu
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Anand Mehta
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jianwei Li
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Patrick B. Romano
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - David Horn
- Institute for Hepatitis and Virus Research, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - D. Craig Hooper
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | | | - Timothy Block
- Institute for Hepatitis and Virus Research, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SC); (TB)
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Selman MHJ, de Jong SE, Soonawala D, Kroon FP, Adegnika AA, Deelder AM, Hokke CH, Yazdanbakhsh M, Wuhrer M. Changes in antigen-specific IgG1 Fc N-glycosylation upon influenza and tetanus vaccination. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 11:M111.014563. [PMID: 22184099 PMCID: PMC3322571 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.014563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody effector functions have been shown to be influenced by the structure of the Fc N-glycans. Here we studied the changes in plasma or serum IgG Fc N-glycosylation upon vaccination of 10 Caucasian adults and 10 African children. Serum/plasma IgG was purified by affinity chromatography prior to and at two time points after vaccination. Fc N-glycosylation profiles of individual IgG subclasses were determined for both total IgG and affinity-purified anti-vaccine IgG using a recently developed fast nanoliquid chromatography-electrospray ionization MS (LC-ESI-MS) method. While vaccination had no effect on the glycosylation of total IgG, anti-vaccine IgG showed increased levels of galactosylation and sialylation upon active immunization. Interestingly, the number of sialic acids per galactose increased during the vaccination time course, suggesting a distinct regulation of galactosylation and sialylation. In addition we observed a decrease in the level of IgG1 bisecting N-acetylglucosamine whereas no significant changes were observed for the level of fucosylation. Our data indicate that dependent on the vaccination time point the infectious agent will encounter IgGs with different glycosylation profiles, which are expected to influence the antibody effector functions relevant in immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice H J Selman
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Wang J, Balog CIA, Stavenhagen K, Koeleman CAM, Scherer HU, Selman MHJ, Deelder AM, Huizinga TWJ, Toes REM, Wuhrer M. Fc-glycosylation of IgG1 is modulated by B-cell stimuli. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011; 10:M110.004655. [PMID: 21372248 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.004655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that IgG1 directed against antigens thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis harbor different glycan moieties on their Fc-tail, as compared with total sera IgG1. Given the crucial roles of Fc-linked N-glycans for the structure and biological activity of IgG, Fc-glycosylation of antibodies is receiving considerable interest. However, so far little is known about the signals and factors that could influence the composition of these carbohydrate structures on secreted IgG produced by B lymphocytes. Here we show that both "environmental" factors, such as all-trans retinoic acid (a natural metabolite of vitamin A), as well as factors stimulating the innate immune system (i.e. CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, a ligand for toll-like receptor 9) or coming from the adaptive immune system (i.e. interleukin-21, a T-cell derived cytokine) can modulate IgG1 Fc-glycosylation. These factors affect Fc-glycan profiles in different ways. CpG oligodeoxynucleotide and interleukin-21 increase Fc-linked galactosylation and reduce bisecting N-acetylglucosamine levels, whereas all-trans retinoic acid significantly decreases galactosylation and sialylation levels. Moreover, these effects appeared to be stable and specific for secreted IgG1 as no parallel changes of the corresponding glycans in the cellular glycan pool were observed. Interestingly, several other cytokines and molecules known to affect B-cell biology and antibody production did not have an impact on IgG1 Fc-coupled glycan profiles. Together, these data indicate that different stimuli received by B cells during their activation and differentiation can modulate the Fc-linked glycosylation of secreted IgG1 without affecting the general cellular glycosylation machinery. Our study, therefore, furthers our understanding of the regulation of IgG1 glycosylation at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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Scherer HU, van der Woude D, Ioan-Facsinay A, el Bannoudi H, Trouw LA, Wang J, Häupl T, Burmester GR, Deelder AM, Huizinga TWJ, Wuhrer M, Toes REM. Glycan profiling of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies isolated from human serum and synovial fluid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:1620-9. [PMID: 20178128 DOI: 10.1002/art.27414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) exhibit unique specificity for rheumatoid arthritis. However, it is incompletely understood whether and how ACPA contribute to disease pathogenesis. The Fc part of human IgG carries 2 N-linked glycan moieties that are crucial for the structural stability of the antibody and that modulate both its binding affinity to Fcgamma receptors and its ability to activate complement. We undertook this study to analyze Fc glycosylation of IgG1 ACPA in serum and synovial fluid (SF) in order to further characterize the immune response to citrullinated antigens. METHODS ACPA were isolated by affinity purification using cyclic citrullinated peptides as antigen. IgG1 Fc glycosylation was analyzed by mass spectrometry. ACPA IgG1 glycan profiles were compared with glycan profiles of total serum IgG1 obtained from 85 well-characterized patients. Glycan profiles of paired SF and serum samples were available from 11 additional patients. RESULTS Compared with the pool of serum IgG1, ACPA IgG1 lacked terminal sialic acid residues. In SF, ACPA were highly agalactosylated and lacked sialic acid residues, a feature that was not detected for total SF IgG1. Moreover, differential ACPA glycan profiles were detected in rheumatoid factor (RF)-positive and RF-negative patients. CONCLUSION ACPA IgG1 exhibit a specific Fc-linked glycan profile that is distinct from that of total serum IgG1. Moreover, Fc glycosylation of ACPA differs markedly between SF and serum. Since Fc glycosylation directly affects the recruitment of Fc-mediated effector mechanisms, these data could further our understanding of the contribution of ACPA to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans U Scherer
- Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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