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Gao R, Feng C, Sheng Z, Li F, Wang D. Research progress in Fc-effector functions against SARS-CoV-2. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29638. [PMID: 38682662 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has caused more than 676 million cases in the global human population with approximately 7 million deaths and vaccination has been proved as the most effective countermeasure in reducing clinical complications and mortality rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people. However, the protective elements and correlation of protection induced by vaccination are still not completely understood. Various antibodies with multiple protective mechanisms can be induced simultaneously by vaccination in vivo, thereby complicating the identification and characterization of individual correlate of protection. Recently, an increasing body of observations suggests that antibody-induced Fc-effector functions play a crucial role in combating SARS-CoV-2 infections, including neutralizing antibodies-escaping variants. Here, we review the recent progress in understanding the impact of Fc-effector functions in broadly disarming SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and discuss various efforts in harnessing this conserved antibody function to develop an effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccine that can protect humans against infections by SARS-CoV-2 virus and its variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyuan Gao
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Chenchen Feng
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Zizhang Sheng
- Zuckerman Mind Brian Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Feng Li
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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2
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Izadi A, Karami Y, Bratanis E, Wrighton S, Khakzad H, Nyblom M, Olofsson B, Happonen L, Tang D, Sundwall M, Godzwon M, Chao Y, Toledo AG, Schmidt T, Ohlin M, Nilges M, Malmström J, Bahnan W, Shannon O, Malmström L, Nordenfelt P. The hinge-engineered IgG1-IgG3 hybrid subclass IgGh 47 potently enhances Fc-mediated function of anti-streptococcal and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3600. [PMID: 38678029 PMCID: PMC11055898 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes can cause invasive disease with high mortality despite adequate antibiotic treatments. To address this unmet need, we have previously generated an opsonic IgG1 monoclonal antibody, Ab25, targeting the bacterial M protein. Here, we engineer the IgG2-4 subclasses of Ab25. Despite having reduced binding, the IgG3 version promotes stronger phagocytosis of bacteria. Using atomic simulations, we show that IgG3's Fc tail has extensive movement in 3D space due to its extended hinge region, possibly facilitating interactions with immune cells. We replaced the hinge of IgG1 with four different IgG3-hinge segment subclasses, IgGhxx. Hinge-engineering does not diminish binding as with IgG3 but enhances opsonic function, where a 47 amino acid hinge is comparable to IgG3 in function. IgGh47 shows improved protection against S. pyogenes in a systemic infection mouse model, suggesting that IgGh47 has promise as a preclinical therapeutic candidate. Importantly, the enhanced opsonic function of IgGh47 is generalizable to diverse S. pyogenes strains from clinical isolates. We generated IgGh47 versions of anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs to broaden the biological applicability, and these also exhibit strongly enhanced opsonic function compared to the IgG1 subclass. The improved function of the IgGh47 subclass in two distant biological systems provides new insights into antibody function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Izadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yasaman Karami
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, F-54000, Nancy, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris cite, CNRS UMR3528, Structural Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Eleni Bratanis
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Wrighton
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hamed Khakzad
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Maria Nyblom
- Department of Biology & Lund Protein Production Platform (LP3), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Berit Olofsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lotta Happonen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Di Tang
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Sundwall
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Godzwon
- Department of Immunotechnology and SciLifeLab Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yashuan Chao
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Gomez Toledo
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mats Ohlin
- Department of Immunotechnology and SciLifeLab Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Nilges
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris cite, CNRS UMR3528, Structural Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Johan Malmström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wael Bahnan
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oonagh Shannon
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars Malmström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pontus Nordenfelt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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3
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Lagassé HD, Ou J, Sauna ZE, Golding B. Factor VIII moiety of recombinant Factor VIII Fc fusion protein impacts Fc effector function and CD16 + NK cell activation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1341013. [PMID: 38655263 PMCID: PMC11035769 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1341013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recombinant Factor VIII-Fc fusion protein (rFVIIIFc) is an enhanced half-life therapeutic protein product used for the management of hemophilia A. Recent studies have demonstrated that rFVIIIFc interacts with Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) resulting in the activation or inhibition of various FcγR-expressing immune cells. We previously demonstrated that rFVIIIFc, unlike recombinant Factor IX-Fc (rFIXFc), activates natural killer (NK) cells via Fc-mediated interactions with FcγRIIIA (CD16). Additionally, we showed that rFVIIIFc activated CD16+ NK cells to lyse a FVIII-specific B cell clone. Here, we used human NK cell lines and primary NK cells enriched from peripheral blood leukocytes to study the role of the FVIII moiety in rFVIIIFc-mediated NK cell activation. Following overnight incubation of NK cells with rFVIIIFc, cellular activation was assessed by measuring secretion of the inflammatory cytokine IFNγ by ELISA or by cellular degranulation. We show that anti-FVIII, anti-Fc, and anti-CD16 all inhibited indicating that these molecules were involved in rFVIIIFc-mediated NK cell activation. To define which domains of FVIII were involved, we used antibodies that are FVIII domain-specific and demonstrated that blocking FVIII C1 or C2 domain-mediated membrane binding potently inhibited rFVIIIFc-mediated CD16+ NK cell activation, while targeting the FVIII heavy chain domains did not. We also show that rFVIIIFc binds CD16 with about five-fold higher affinity than rFIXFc. Based on our results we propose that FVIII light chain-mediated membrane binding results in tethering of the fusion protein to the cell surface, and this, together with increased binding affinity for CD16, allows for Fc-CD16 interactions to proceed, resulting in NK cellular activation. Our working model may explain our previous results where we observed that rFVIIIFc activated NK cells via CD16, whereas rFIXFc did not despite having identical IgG1 Fc domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- H.A. Daniel Lagassé
- Division of Hemostasis, Office of Plasma Protein Therapeutics CMC, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Jiayi Ou
- Division of Hemostasis, Office of Plasma Protein Therapeutics CMC, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Zuben E. Sauna
- Division of Hemostasis, Office of Plasma Protein Therapeutics CMC, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Basil Golding
- Office of Plasma Protein Therapeutics CMC, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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4
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Gao X, Di Y, Lv Y, Luan Y, Xiong Y, Xu Y, Li Y, Guo L, Li X, Deng L, Zhuang Y, Hou J. A pharmacokinetic study comparing the biosimilar HEC14028 and Dulaglutide (Trulicity®) in healthy Chinese subjects. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13775. [PMID: 38651744 PMCID: PMC11036873 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PKs), safety, and immunogenicity of the biosimilar HEC14028 compared to reference Trulicity® (dulaglutide) in healthy male Chinese subjects. This study was a single-center, randomized, open, single-dose, parallel-controlled comparative Phase I clinical trial, including a screening period of up to 14 days, a 17-day observation period after administration, and a 7-day safety follow-up period. A total of 68 healthy male subjects were randomly assigned (1:1) to the test group (HEC14028) and the reference group (dulaglutide) (single 0.75 mg abdominal subcutaneous dose). The primary objective was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of HEC14028 and compare the pharmacokinetic similarities between HEC14028 and dulaglutide. The primary PK endpoints were maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the blood concentration-time curve from zero time to the estimated infinite time (AUC0-∞). The study results showed that HEC14028 and dulaglutide were pharmacokinetically equivalent: 90% confidence interval (CI) of Cmax and AUC0-∞ geometric mean ratios were 102.9%-122.0% and 97.1%-116.9%, respectively, which were both within the range of 80.00%-125.00%. No grade 3 or above treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs), serious adverse events (SAEs), TEAEs leading to withdrawal from the trial, or TEAEs leading to death were reported in this study. Both HEC14028 and dulaglutide showed good and similar safety profiles, and no incremental immunogenicity was observed in subjects receiving HEC14028 and dulaglutide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglei Gao
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd.DongguanGuangdongChina
| | - Yujing Di
- Peking University (PKU) CareLuzhong HospitalZibo CityShandongChina
| | - Yuan Lv
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd.DongguanGuangdongChina
| | - Yingcai Luan
- Peking University (PKU) CareLuzhong HospitalZibo CityShandongChina
| | - Yang Xiong
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd.DongguanGuangdongChina
| | - Yuli Xu
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd.DongguanGuangdongChina
| | - Yusheng Li
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd.DongguanGuangdongChina
| | - Linfeng Guo
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd.DongguanGuangdongChina
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd.DongguanGuangdongChina
| | - Li Deng
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd.DongguanGuangdongChina
| | - Yulei Zhuang
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd.DongguanGuangdongChina
| | - Jie Hou
- Peking University (PKU) CareLuzhong HospitalZibo CityShandongChina
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5
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Motsoeneng BM, Manamela NP, Kaldine H, Kgagudi P, Hermanus T, Ayres F, Makhado Z, Moyo-Gwete T, van der Mescht MA, Abdullah F, Boswell MT, Ueckermann V, Rossouw TM, Madhi SA, Moore PL, Richardson SI. Despite delayed kinetics, people living with HIV achieve equivalent antibody function after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1231276. [PMID: 37600825 PMCID: PMC10435738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1231276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of Fc-mediated functions following SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination in people living with HIV (PLWH) are not known. We compared SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific Fc functions, binding, and neutralization in PLWH and people without HIV (PWOH) during acute infection (without prior vaccination) with either the D614G or Beta variants of SARS-CoV-2, or vaccination with ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. Antiretroviral treatment (ART)-naïve PLWH had significantly lower levels of IgG binding, neutralization, and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) compared with PLWH on ART. The magnitude of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement deposition (ADCD), and cellular trogocytosis (ADCT) was differentially triggered by D614G and Beta. The kinetics of spike IgG-binding antibodies, ADCC, and ADCD were similar, irrespective of the infecting variant between PWOH and PLWH overall. However, compared with PWOH, PLWH infected with D614G had delayed neutralization and ADCP. Furthermore, Beta infection resulted in delayed ADCT, regardless of HIV status. Despite these delays, we observed improved coordination between binding and neutralizing responses and Fc functions in PLWH. In contrast to D614G infection, binding responses in PLWH following ChAdOx-1 nCoV-19 vaccination were delayed, while neutralization and ADCP had similar timing of onset, but lower magnitude, and ADCC was significantly higher than in PWOH. Overall, despite delayed and differential kinetics, PLWH on ART develop comparable responses to PWOH, supporting the prioritization of ART rollout and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in PLWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boitumelo M. Motsoeneng
- South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Nelia P. Manamela
- South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Haajira Kaldine
- South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Prudence Kgagudi
- South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tandile Hermanus
- South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Frances Ayres
- South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zanele Makhado
- South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Thandeka Moyo-Gwete
- South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mieke A. van der Mescht
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Fareed Abdullah
- Division for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Office of AIDS and TB Research, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Michael T. Boswell
- Division for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Veronica Ueckermann
- Division for Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital and University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Theresa M. Rossouw
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Shabir A. Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Penny L. Moore
- South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Simone I. Richardson
- South African Medical Research Council Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- HIV Virology Section, Centre for HIV and STIs, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Tolbert WD, Gohain N, Kremer PG, Hederman AP, Nguyen DN, Van V, Sherburn R, Lewis GK, Finzi A, Pollara J, Ackerman ME, Barb AW, Pazgier M. Decoding human-macaque interspecies differences in Fc-effector functions: The structural basis for CD16-dependent effector function in Rhesus macaques. Front Immunol 2022; 13:960411. [PMID: 36131913 PMCID: PMC9484259 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Fc mediated effector functions of antibodies play important roles in immunotherapies and vaccine efficacy but assessing those functions in animal models can be challenging due to species differences. Rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta (Mm) share approximately 93% sequence identity with humans but display important differences in their adaptive immune system that complicates their use in validating therapeutics and vaccines that rely on Fc effector functions. In contrast to humans, macaques only have one low affinity FcγRIII receptor, CD16, which shares a polymorphism at position 158 with human FcγRIIIa with Ile158 and Val158 variants. Here we describe structure-function relationships of the Ile/Val158 polymorphism in Mm FcγRIII. Our data indicate that the affinity of the allelic variants of Mm FcγRIII for the macaque IgG subclasses vary greatly with changes in glycan composition both on the Fc and the receptor. However, unlike the human Phe/Val158 polymorphism in FcγRIIIa, the higher affinity variant corresponds to the larger, more hydrophobic side chain, Ile, even though it is not directly involved in the binding interface. Instead, this side chain appears to modulate glycan-glycan interactions at the Fc/FcγRIII interface. Furthermore, changes in glycan composition on the receptor have a greater effect for the Val158 variant such that with oligomannose type glycans and with glycans only on Asn45 and Asn162, Val158 becomes the variant with higher affinity to Fc. These results have implications not only for the better interpretation of nonhuman primate studies but also for studies performed with human effector cells carrying different FcγRIIIa alleles.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. Tolbert
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Neelakshi Gohain
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Paul G. Kremer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Andrew P. Hederman
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States
| | - Dung N. Nguyen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Verna Van
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rebekah Sherburn
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - George K. Lewis
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Justin Pollara
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Adam W. Barb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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7
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Zhang A, Chaudhari H, Agung Y, D'Agostino MR, Ang JC, Tugg Y, Miller MS. Hemagglutinin stalk-binding antibodies enhance effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors against influenza via Fc-dependent effector functions. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100718. [PMID: 35977467 PMCID: PMC9418849 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Zhang
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Hanu Chaudhari
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Yonathan Agung
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Michael R D'Agostino
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Jann C Ang
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Yona Tugg
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Matthew S Miller
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Diseases Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
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8
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Stoppa I, Gigliotti CL, Clemente N, Pantham D, Dianzani C, Monge C, Puricelli C, Rolla R, Sutti S, Renò F, Boldorini R, Boggio E, Dianzani U. ICOSL Stimulation by ICOS-Fc Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137363. [PMID: 35806368 PMCID: PMC9266942 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: ICOS and its ligand ICOSL are immune receptors whose interaction triggers bidirectional signals that modulate the immune response and tissue repair. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the in vivo effects of ICOSL triggering by ICOS-Fc, a recombinant soluble form of ICOS, on skin wound healing. Methods: The effect of human ICOS-Fc on wound healing was assessed, in vitro, and, in vivo, by skin wound healing assay using ICOS−/− and ICOSL−/− knockout (KO) mice and NOD-SCID-IL2R null (NSG) mice. Results: We show that, in wild type mice, treatment with ICOS-Fc improves wound healing, promotes angiogenesis, preceded by upregulation of IL-6 and VEGF expression; increases the number of fibroblasts and T cells, whereas it reduces that of neutrophils; and increases the number of M2 vs. M1 macrophages. Fittingly, ICOS-Fc enhanced M2 macrophage migration, while it hampered that of M1 macrophages. ICOS−/− and ICOSL−/− KO, and NSG mice showed delayed wound healing, and treatment with ICOS-Fc improved wound closure in ICOS−/− and NSG mice. Conclusion: These data show that the ICOS/ICOSL network cooperates in tissue repair, and that triggering of ICOSL by ICOS-Fc improves cutaneous wound healing by increasing angiogenesis and recruitment of reparative macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Stoppa
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (I.S.); (C.L.G.); (N.C.); (D.P.); (C.P.); (R.R.); (S.S.); (F.R.); (R.B.); (U.D.)
- NOVAICOS srls, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Casimiro Luca Gigliotti
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (I.S.); (C.L.G.); (N.C.); (D.P.); (C.P.); (R.R.); (S.S.); (F.R.); (R.B.); (U.D.)
- NOVAICOS srls, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (I.S.); (C.L.G.); (N.C.); (D.P.); (C.P.); (R.R.); (S.S.); (F.R.); (R.B.); (U.D.)
| | - Deepika Pantham
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (I.S.); (C.L.G.); (N.C.); (D.P.); (C.P.); (R.R.); (S.S.); (F.R.); (R.B.); (U.D.)
- NOVAICOS srls, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Chiara Monge
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy; (C.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Chiara Puricelli
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (I.S.); (C.L.G.); (N.C.); (D.P.); (C.P.); (R.R.); (S.S.); (F.R.); (R.B.); (U.D.)
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Roberta Rolla
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (I.S.); (C.L.G.); (N.C.); (D.P.); (C.P.); (R.R.); (S.S.); (F.R.); (R.B.); (U.D.)
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sutti
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (I.S.); (C.L.G.); (N.C.); (D.P.); (C.P.); (R.R.); (S.S.); (F.R.); (R.B.); (U.D.)
| | - Filippo Renò
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (I.S.); (C.L.G.); (N.C.); (D.P.); (C.P.); (R.R.); (S.S.); (F.R.); (R.B.); (U.D.)
| | - Renzo Boldorini
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (I.S.); (C.L.G.); (N.C.); (D.P.); (C.P.); (R.R.); (S.S.); (F.R.); (R.B.); (U.D.)
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elena Boggio
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (I.S.); (C.L.G.); (N.C.); (D.P.); (C.P.); (R.R.); (S.S.); (F.R.); (R.B.); (U.D.)
- NOVAICOS srls, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0321660658
| | - Umberto Dianzani
- Department of Health Sciences and Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (I.S.); (C.L.G.); (N.C.); (D.P.); (C.P.); (R.R.); (S.S.); (F.R.); (R.B.); (U.D.)
- Maggiore della Carità University Hospital, 28100 Novara, Italy
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9
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Huang Y, Lin S, Zhan F, Xiao L, Zhan Y, Wang R. OX40-Fc Fusion Protein Alleviates PD-1-Fc-Aggravated Rheumatoid Arthritis by Inhibiting Inflammatory Response. Comput Math Methods Med 2022; 2022:6244175. [PMID: 35222687 PMCID: PMC8872694 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6244175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researches have confirmed that the abnormal signals of OX40 and PD-1 lead to the changes of T cell biological behavior, thus participating the immunopathological process of RA. However, the pathogenesis of RA immunopathological process has not been clarified yet. METHODS 30 DBA/1 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (6 mice per group): control group, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) group, PD-1-Fc/CIA group, OX40-Fc/CIA group, and PD-1-Fc + OX40-Fc/CIA group. The pathological changes in mice joints were observed by H&E staining. The proportion of CD4+ T, CD8+ T, CD28+, and CD19+ cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was detected by flow cytometry. Serum inflammatory factors (CRP, IL-2, IL-4, IL-1β, INF-γ) and bone metabolism-related genes (CTX-I, TRACP-5b, BALP) were detected by ELISA assay. Western blotting was applied to measure the NF-κB signaling pathway-related protein (p-IKKβ, p-IκBα, p50) expression in synovial tissue of mice joint. RESULTS Compared with the control group, CIA mice showed significant increases in arthritis score and pathological score. In the CIA group, a marked decrease was identified in the proportion of CD8+ T, CD19+, and CD68+ cells. Additionally, the CIA group was associated with upregulation of secretion of inflammatory factors in serum and expression of bone metabolism-related genes and NF-κB pathway-related proteins. Compared with the CIA group, the same indexes above showed a further aggravation in the PD-1-Fc group while all indexes improved in the OX40-Fc group. Besides, OX40-Fc fusion protein slowed down significantly the further deterioration of CIA mouse pathological process caused by PD-1-Fc fusion protein. CONCLUSION OX40-Fc fusion protein alleviates PD-1-Fc-aggravated RA by inhibiting inflammatory response. This research provides biological markers with clinical significance for diagnosis and prognosis of RA, as well as offers theoretical and experimental foundation to the new targets for immune intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Huang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Shudian Lin
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Feng Zhan
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Yuwei Zhan
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunity, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, Hainan 570311, China
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10
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Beaudoin-Bussières G, Chen Y, Ullah I, Prévost J, Tolbert WD, Symmes K, Ding S, Benlarbi M, Gong SY, Tauzin A, Gasser R, Chatterjee D, Vézina D, Goyette G, Richard J, Zhou F, Stamatatos L, McGuire AT, Charest H, Roger M, Pozharski E, Kumar P, Mothes W, Uchil PD, Pazgier M, Finzi A. A Fc-enhanced NTD-binding non-neutralizing antibody delays virus spread and synergizes with a nAb to protect mice from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110368. [PMID: 35123652 PMCID: PMC8786652 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that both neutralizing and Fc-mediated effector functions of antibodies contribute to protection against SARS-CoV-2. It is unclear whether Fc-effector functions alone can protect against SARS-CoV-2. Here, we isolated CV3-13, a non-neutralizing antibody, from a convalescent individual with potent Fc-mediated effector functions. The cryoelectron microscopy structure of CV3-13 in complex with the SARS-CoV-2 spike reveals that the antibody binds from a distinct angle of approach to an N-terminal domain (NTD) epitope that only partially overlaps with the NTD supersite recognized by neutralizing antibodies. CV3-13 does not alter the replication dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 in K18-hACE2 mice, but its Fc-enhanced version significantly delays virus spread, neuroinvasion, and death in prophylactic settings. Interestingly, the combination of Fc-enhanced non-neutralizing CV3-13 with Fc-compromised neutralizing CV3-25 completely protects mice from lethal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Altogether, our data demonstrate that efficient Fc-mediated effector functions can potently contribute to the in vivo efficacy of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Yaozong Chen
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Irfan Ullah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - William D Tolbert
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA
| | - Kelly Symmes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Shilei Ding
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Mehdi Benlarbi
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Shang Yu Gong
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Alexandra Tauzin
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Romain Gasser
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Dani Vézina
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Fei Zhou
- Division of Basic and Translational Biophysics, Unit on Structural Biology, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrew T McGuire
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Center, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hughes Charest
- Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3R5, Canada
| | - Michel Roger
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Laboratoire de Santé Publique du Québec, Institut national de santé publique du Québec, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3R5, Canada
| | - Edwin Pozharski
- University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Priti Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Walther Mothes
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pradeep D Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4712, USA.
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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11
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Abstract
It is unclear whether SARS-CoV-2 VOCs differentially escape Fc effector functions of antibodies in addition to neutralization. In this issue of Cell Reports Medicine, Richardson et al.1 show that VOCs differ both in their ability to evade as well as elicit cross-reactive Fc-effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Grunst
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Pradeep D. Uchil
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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12
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Nyanhete TE, Edwards RJ, LaBranche CC, Mansouri K, Eaton A, Dennison SM, Saunders KO, Goodman D, Janowska K, Spreng RL, Zhang L, Mudrak SV, Hope TJ, Hora B, Bradley T, Georgiev IS, Montefiori DC, Acharya P, Tomaras GD. Polyclonal Broadly Neutralizing Antibody Activity Characterized by CD4 Binding Site and V3-Glycan Antibodies in a Subset of HIV-1 Virus Controllers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:670561. [PMID: 35003053 PMCID: PMC8733328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.670561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), known to mediate immune control of HIV-1 infection, only develop in a small subset of HIV-1 infected individuals. Despite being traditionally associated with patients with high viral loads, bNAbs have also been observed in therapy naïve HIV-1+ patients naturally controlling virus replication [Virus Controllers (VCs)]. Thus, dissecting the bNAb response in VCs will provide key information about what constitutes an effective humoral response to natural HIV-1 infection. In this study, we identified a polyclonal bNAb response to natural HIV-1 infection targeting CD4 binding site (CD4bs), V3-glycan, gp120-gp41 interface and membrane-proximal external region (MPER) epitopes on the HIV-1 envelope (Env). The polyclonal antiviral antibody (Ab) response also included antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis of clade AE, B and C viruses, consistent with both the Fv and Fc domain contributing to function. Sequence analysis of envs from one of the VCs revealed features consistent with potential immune pressure and virus escape from V3-glycan targeting bNAbs. Epitope mapping of the polyclonal bNAb response in VCs with bNAb activity highlighted the presence of gp120-gp41 interface and CD4bs antibody classes with similar binding profiles to known potent bNAbs. Thus, these findings reveal the induction of a broad and polyfunctional humoral response in VCs in response to natural HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinashe E. Nyanhete
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Robert J. Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Celia C. LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Katayoun Mansouri
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Amanda Eaton
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - S. Moses Dennison
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kevin O. Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Derrick Goodman
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Katarzyna Janowska
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Rachel L. Spreng
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Lu Zhang
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sarah V. Mudrak
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Thomas J. Hope
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bhavna Hora
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Todd Bradley
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Ivelin S. Georgiev
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
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13
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Wilkinson I, Anderson S, Fry J, Julien LA, Neville D, Qureshi O, Watts G, Hale G. Fc-engineered antibodies with immune effector functions completely abolished. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260954. [PMID: 34932587 PMCID: PMC8691596 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Elimination of the binding of immunoglobulin Fc to Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) is highly desirable for the avoidance of unwanted inflammatory responses to therapeutic antibodies and fusion proteins. Many different approaches have been described in the literature but none of them completely eliminates binding to all of the Fcγ receptors. Here we describe a set of novel variants having specific amino acid substitutions in the Fc region at L234 and L235 combined with the substitution G236R. They show no detectable binding to Fcγ receptors or to C1q, are inactive in functional cell-based assays and do not elicit inflammatory cytokine responses. Meanwhile, binding to FcRn, manufacturability, stability and potential for immunogenicity are unaffected. These variants have the potential to improve the safety and efficacy of therapeutic antibodies and Fc fusion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Wilkinson
- Absolute Antibody Ltd, Wilton, United Kingdom
- mAbsolve Limited, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jeremy Fry
- ProImmune Limited, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Neville
- Reading Scientific Services Limited, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Gary Watts
- Abzena Limited, Babraham, United Kingdom
| | - Geoff Hale
- mAbsolve Limited, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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14
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Wojcik I, Schmidt DE, de Neef LA, Rab MAE, Meek B, de Weerdt O, Wuhrer M, van der Schoot CE, Zwaginga JJ, de Haas M, Falck D, Vidarsson G. A functional spleen contributes to afucosylated IgG in humans. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24045. [PMID: 34911982 PMCID: PMC8674363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03196-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a lymphoid organ, the spleen hosts a wide range of immune cell populations, which not only remove blood-borne antigens, but also generate and regulate antigen-specific immune responses. In particular, the splenic microenvironment has been demonstrated to play a prominent role in adaptive immune responses to enveloped viral infections and alloantigens. During both types of immunizations, antigen-specific immunoglobulins G (IgGs) have been characterized by the reduced amount of fucose present on N-linked glycans of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) region. These glycans are essential for mediating the induction of immune effector functions. Therefore, we hypothesized that a spleen may modulate humoral responses and serve as a preferential site for afucosylated IgG responses, which potentially play a role in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) pathogenesis. To determine the role of the spleen in IgG-Fc glycosylation, we performed IgG subclass-specific liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of Fc glycosylation in a large cohort of individuals splenectomized due to trauma, due to ITP, or spherocytosis. IgG-Fc fucosylation was consistently increased after splenectomy, while no effects for IgG-Fc galactosylation and sialylation were observed. An increase in IgG1- and IgG2/3-Fc fucosylation level upon splenectomy has been reported here for the first time, suggesting that immune responses occurring in the spleen may be particularly prone to generate afucosylated IgG responses. Surprisingly, the level of total IgG-Fc fucosylation was decreased in ITP patients compared to healthy controls. Overall, our results suggest a yet unrecognized role of the spleen in either the induction or maintenance of afucosylated IgG responses by B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Wojcik
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos Ltd., Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - David E Schmidt
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa A de Neef
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Minke A E Rab
- Department of Central Diagnostic Laboratory-Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bob Meek
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Okke de Weerdt
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap J Zwaginga
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Immune Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Masja de Haas
- Center for Clinical Transfusion Research, Sanquin Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Immune Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Immunohematology Diagnostics, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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15
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Ren X, Qian P, Liu S, Chen H, Li X. Fc-Mediated E2-Dimer Subunit Vaccines of Atypical Porcine Pestivirus Induce Efficient Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Piglets. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122443. [PMID: 34960713 PMCID: PMC8703287 DOI: 10.3390/v13122443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in piglets is caused by an emerging atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV), which is prevalent in swine herds and a serious threat to the pig production industry. This study aimed to construct APPV E2 subunit vaccines fused with Fc fragments and evaluate their immunogenicity in piglets. Here, APPV E2Fc and E2ΔFc fusion proteins expressed in Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells were demonstrated to form stable dimers in SDS-PAGE and western blotting assays. Functional analysis revealed that aE2Fc and aE2ΔFc fusion proteins could bind to FcγRI on antigen-presenting cells (APCs), with the affinity of aE2Fc to FcγRI being higher than that of aE2ΔFc. Moreover, subunit vaccines based on aE2, aE2Fc, and aE2ΔFc fusion proteins were prepared, and their immunogenicity was evaluated in piglets. The results showed that the Fc fusion proteins emulsified with the ISA 201VG adjuvant elicited stronger humoral and cellular immune responses than the IMS 1313VG adjuvant. These findings suggest that APPV E2 subunit vaccines fused with Fc fragments may be a promising vaccine candidate against APPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xujiao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.R.); (P.Q.); (S.L.); (H.C.)
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.R.); (P.Q.); (S.L.); (H.C.)
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shudan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.R.); (P.Q.); (S.L.); (H.C.)
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.R.); (P.Q.); (S.L.); (H.C.)
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiangmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (X.R.); (P.Q.); (S.L.); (H.C.)
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87282608
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16
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Gorman MJ, Patel N, Guebre-Xabier M, Zhu AL, Atyeo C, Pullen KM, Loos C, Goez-Gazi Y, Carrion R, Tian JH, Yuan D, Bowman KA, Zhou B, Maciejewski S, McGrath ME, Logue J, Frieman MB, Montefiori D, Mann C, Schendel S, Amanat F, Krammer F, Saphire EO, Lauffenburger DA, Greene AM, Portnoff AD, Massare MJ, Ellingsworth L, Glenn G, Smith G, Alter G. Fab and Fc contribute to maximal protection against SARS-CoV-2 following NVX-CoV2373 subunit vaccine with Matrix-M vaccination. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100405. [PMID: 34485950 PMCID: PMC8405506 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recently approved vaccines have shown remarkable efficacy in limiting SARS-CoV-2-associated disease. However, with the variety of vaccines, immunization strategies, and waning antibody titers, defining the correlates of immunity across a spectrum of antibody titers is urgently required. Thus, we profiled the humoral immune response in a cohort of non-human primates immunized with a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein (NVX-CoV2373) at two doses, administered as a single- or two-dose regimen. Both antigen dose and boosting significantly altered neutralization titers and Fc-effector profiles, driving unique vaccine-induced antibody fingerprints. Combined differences in antibody effector functions and neutralization were associated with distinct levels of protection in the upper and lower respiratory tract. Moreover, NVX-CoV2373 elicited antibodies that functionally targeted emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Collectively, the data presented here suggest that a single dose may prevent disease via combined Fc/Fab functions but that two doses may be essential to block further transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nita Patel
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | - Alex L. Zhu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Virology and Immunology Program, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Krista M. Pullen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Carolin Loos
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yenny Goez-Gazi
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 West Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Ricardo Carrion
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, 8715 West Military Drive, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Jing-Hui Tian
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Dansu Yuan
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Bin Zhou
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | - Marisa E. McGrath
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - James Logue
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Matthew B. Frieman
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - David Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Colin Mann
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Fatima Amanat
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Douglas A. Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ann M. Greene
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gregory Glenn
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Gale Smith
- Novavax, Inc., 21 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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17
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Pinto D, Sauer MM, Czudnochowski N, Low JS, Tortorici MA, Housley MP, Noack J, Walls AC, Bowen JE, Guarino B, Rosen LE, di Iulio J, Jerak J, Kaiser H, Islam S, Jaconi S, Sprugasci N, Culap K, Abdelnabi R, Foo C, Coelmont L, Bartha I, Bianchi S, Silacci-Fregni C, Bassi J, Marzi R, Vetti E, Cassotta A, Ceschi A, Ferrari P, Cippà PE, Giannini O, Ceruti S, Garzoni C, Riva A, Benigni F, Cameroni E, Piccoli L, Pizzuto MS, Smithey M, Hong D, Telenti A, Lempp FA, Neyts J, Havenar-Daughton C, Lanzavecchia A, Sallusto F, Snell G, Virgin HW, Beltramello M, Corti D, Veesler D. Broad betacoronavirus neutralization by a stem helix-specific human antibody. Science 2021; 373:1109-1116. [PMID: 34344823 PMCID: PMC9268357 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj3321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The spillovers of betacoronaviruses in humans and the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants highlight the need for broad coronavirus countermeasures. We describe five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) cross-reacting with the stem helix of multiple betacoronavirus spike glycoproteins isolated from COVID-19 convalescent individuals. Using structural and functional studies, we show that the mAb with the greatest breadth (S2P6) neutralizes pseudotyped viruses from three different subgenera through the inhibition of membrane fusion, and we delineate the molecular basis for its cross-reactivity. S2P6 reduces viral burden in hamsters challenged with SARS-CoV-2 through viral neutralization and Fc-mediated effector functions. Stem helix antibodies are rare, oftentimes of narrow specificity, and can acquire neutralization breadth through somatic mutations. These data provide a framework for structure-guided design of pan-betacoronavirus vaccines eliciting broad protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Pinto
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian M. Sauer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Jun Siong Low
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Julia Noack
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alexandra C. Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John E. Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Barbara Guarino
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Josipa Jerak
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Stefano Jaconi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Sprugasci
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Katja Culap
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline Foo
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Coelmont
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Istvan Bartha
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Siro Bianchi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Jessica Bassi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Marzi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Eneida Vetti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Antonino Cassotta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Ceschi
- Clinical Trial Unit, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Ferrari
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Pietro E. Cippà
- Department of Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Giannini
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Samuele Ceruti
- Intensive Care Unit, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Christian Garzoni
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Agostino Riva
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cameroni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Piccoli
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Matteo S. Pizzuto
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - David Hong
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | | | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Antonio Lanzavecchia
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Herbert W. Virgin
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Martina Beltramello
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Kumar
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center Program, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center Program, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Sharma
- Structural Parasitology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
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19
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Monnet C, Jacque E, de Romeuf C, Fontayne A, Abache T, Fournier N, Dupont G, Derache D, Engrand A, Bauduin A, Terrier A, Seifert A, Beghin C, Longue A, Masiello N, Danino L, Nogre M, Raia A, Dhainaut F, Fauconnier L, Togbe D, Reitinger C, Nimmerjahn F, Stevens W, Chtourou S, Mondon P. The Dual Targeting of FcRn and FcγRs via Monomeric Fc Fragments Results in Strong Inhibition of IgG-Dependent Autoimmune Pathologies. Front Immunol 2021; 12:728322. [PMID: 34512662 PMCID: PMC8427755 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.728322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel molecules that directly target the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) and/or Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) are emerging as promising treatments for immunoglobulin G (IgG)-dependent autoimmune pathologies. Mutated Fc regions and monoclonal antibodies that target FcRn are currently in clinical development and hold promise for reducing the levels of circulating IgG. Additionally, engineered structures containing multimeric Fc regions allow the dual targeting of FcRn and FcγRs; however, their tolerance needs to first be validated in phase I clinical studies. Here, for the first time, we have developed a modified monomeric recombinant Fc optimized for binding to all FcRns and FcγRs without the drawback of possible tolerance associated with FcγR cross-linking. A rational approach using Fc engineering allowed the selection of LFBD192, an Fc with a combination of six mutations that exhibits improved binding to human FcRn and FcγR as well as mouse FcRn and FcγRIV. The potency of LFBD192 was compared with that of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), an FcRn blocker (Fc-MST-HN), and a trimeric Fc that blocks FcRn and/or immune complex-mediated cell activation through FcγR without triggering an immune reaction in several in vitro tests and validated in three mouse models of autoimmune disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antirheumatic Agents/metabolism
- Antirheumatic Agents/pharmacology
- Arthritis, Experimental/genetics
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/metabolism
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Autoimmunity/drug effects
- Binding, Competitive
- Complement C5a/metabolism
- Female
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/genetics
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/immunology
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/metabolism
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/pharmacology
- Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Jurkat Cells
- Kinetics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Phagocytosis/drug effects
- Platelet Aggregation/drug effects
- Protein Binding
- Protein Engineering
- Receptors, Fc/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Fc/genetics
- Receptors, Fc/immunology
- Receptors, Fc/metabolism
- Receptors, IgG/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, IgG/genetics
- Receptors, IgG/immunology
- Receptors, IgG/metabolism
- Secretory Pathway
- Signal Transduction
- THP-1 Cells
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Monnet
- LFB Biotechnologies, Innovation Department, Les Ulis, France
| | - Emilie Jacque
- LFB Biotechnologies, Innovation Department, Les Ulis, France
| | | | | | - Toufik Abache
- LFB Biotechnologies, Innovation Department, Les Ulis, France
| | | | - Gilles Dupont
- LFB Biotechnologies, Innovation Department, Les Ulis, France
| | | | - Anais Engrand
- LFB Biotechnologies, Innovation Department, Les Ulis, France
| | - Aurélie Bauduin
- LFB Biotechnologies, Innovation Department, Les Ulis, France
| | - Aurélie Terrier
- LFB Biotechnologies, Innovation Department, Les Ulis, France
| | | | - Cécile Beghin
- LFB Biotechnologies, Innovation Department, Les Ulis, France
| | - Alain Longue
- LFB Biotechnologies, Innovation Department, Les Ulis, France
| | | | - Laetitia Danino
- LFB Biotechnologies, Innovation Department, Les Ulis, France
| | - Michel Nogre
- LFB Biotechnologies, Innovation Department, Les Ulis, France
| | - Anais Raia
- LFB Biotechnologies, Innovation Department, Les Ulis, France
| | | | | | | | - Carmen Reitinger
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Falk Nimmerjahn
- Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wil Stevens
- LFB Biotechnologies, Innovation Department, Les Ulis, France
| | - Sami Chtourou
- LFB Biotechnologies, Innovation Department, Les Ulis, France
| | - Philippe Mondon
- LFB Biotechnologies, Innovation Department, Les Ulis, France
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20
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Yu EM, Cho E, Singh R, Kim SH, Han C, Han S, Lee DG, Kim YH, Kwon BS, Choi BK. IL7-Fc Enhances the Efficacy of Adoptive T Cell Therapy under Lymphopenic Conditions in a Murine Melanoma Model. Cells 2021; 10:2018. [PMID: 34440787 PMCID: PMC8392867 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) using tumor-reactive T cells is a promising form of immunotherapy to specifically target cancer. However, the survival and functional maintenance of adoptively transferred T cells remains a challenge, ultimately limiting their efficacy. Here, we evaluated the use of recombinant IL7-Fc in ACT. In a lymphopenic murine melanoma model, IL7-Fc treatment led to the enhanced inhibition of tumor growth with an increased number of adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells in tumor tissue and tumor-draining lymph nodes. Additionally, IL7-Fc further enhanced anti-tumor responses that were induced by recombinant human IL2 in the same mouse model. In contrast, in an immunocompetent murine melanoma model, IL7-Fc dampened the anti-tumor immunity. Further, IL7-Fc decreased the proliferation of adoptively transferred and immune-activated tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells in immunocompetent mice by inducing the massive expansion of endogenous T cells, thereby limiting the space for adoptively transferred T cells. Our data suggest that IL7-Fc is principally beneficial for enhancing the efficacy of tumor-reactive T-cells in lymphopenic conditions for the ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun M. Yu
- Biomedicine Production Branch, Program for Immunotherapy Research, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (E.M.Y.); (D.G.L.); (Y.H.K.)
| | - Eunjung Cho
- Division of Tumor Immunology, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (E.C.); (R.S.); (S.-H.K.); (C.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Rohit Singh
- Division of Tumor Immunology, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (E.C.); (R.S.); (S.-H.K.); (C.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Seon-Hee Kim
- Division of Tumor Immunology, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (E.C.); (R.S.); (S.-H.K.); (C.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Chungyong Han
- Division of Tumor Immunology, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (E.C.); (R.S.); (S.-H.K.); (C.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Seongeun Han
- Division of Tumor Immunology, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (E.C.); (R.S.); (S.-H.K.); (C.H.); (S.H.)
| | - Don G. Lee
- Biomedicine Production Branch, Program for Immunotherapy Research, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (E.M.Y.); (D.G.L.); (Y.H.K.)
| | - Young H. Kim
- Biomedicine Production Branch, Program for Immunotherapy Research, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (E.M.Y.); (D.G.L.); (Y.H.K.)
- Eutilex, Co., Ltd., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08594, Korea;
| | - Byoung S. Kwon
- Eutilex, Co., Ltd., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08594, Korea;
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Beom K. Choi
- Biomedicine Production Branch, Program for Immunotherapy Research, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea; (E.M.Y.); (D.G.L.); (Y.H.K.)
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21
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Chan CEZ, Seah SGK, Chye DH, Massey S, Torres M, Lim APC, Wong SKK, Neo JJY, Wong PS, Lim JH, Loh GSL, Wang D, Boyd-Kirkup JD, Guan S, Thakkar D, Teo GH, Purushotorman K, Hutchinson PE, Young BE, Low JG, MacAry PA, Hentze H, Prativadibhayankara VS, Ethirajulu K, Comer JE, Tseng CTK, Barrett ADT, Ingram PJ, Brasel T, Hanson BJ. The Fc-mediated effector functions of a potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody, SC31, isolated from an early convalescent COVID-19 patient, are essential for the optimal therapeutic efficacy of the antibody. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253487. [PMID: 34161386 PMCID: PMC8221499 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing antibodies are promising therapeutics against COVID-19, little is known about their mechanism(s) of action or effective dosing windows. We report the generation and development of SC31, a potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody, isolated from a convalescent patient. Antibody-mediated neutralization occurs via an epitope within the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. SC31 exhibited potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities in multiple animal models. In SARS-CoV-2 infected K18-human ACE2 transgenic mice, treatment with SC31 greatly reduced viral loads and attenuated pro-inflammatory responses linked to the severity of COVID-19. Importantly, a comparison of the efficacies of SC31 and its Fc-null LALA variant revealed that the optimal therapeutic efficacy of SC31 requires Fc-mediated effector functions that promote IFNγ-driven anti-viral immune responses, in addition to its neutralization ability. A dose-dependent efficacy of SC31 was observed down to 5mg/kg when administered before viral-induced lung inflammatory responses. In addition, antibody-dependent enhancement was not observed even when infected mice were treated with SC31 at sub-therapeutic doses. In SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters, SC31 treatment significantly prevented weight loss, reduced viral loads, and attenuated the histopathology of the lungs. In rhesus macaques, the therapeutic potential of SC31 was evidenced through the reduction of viral loads in both upper and lower respiratory tracts to undetectable levels. Together, the results of our preclinical studies demonstrated the therapeutic efficacy of SC31 in three different models and its potential as a COVID-19 therapeutic candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad E. Z. Chan
- Biological Defence Programme, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shirley G. K. Seah
- Biological Defence Programme, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
| | - De Hoe Chye
- Biological Defence Programme, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shane Massey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Office of Regulated Nonclinical Studies, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Maricela Torres
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Office of Regulated Nonclinical Studies, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Angeline P. C. Lim
- Biological Defence Programme, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Steven K. K. Wong
- Biological Defence Programme, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jacklyn J. Y. Neo
- Biological Defence Programme, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pui San Wong
- Biological Defence Programme, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Hui Lim
- Biological Defence Programme, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gary S. L. Loh
- Biological Defence Programme, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dongling Wang
- Biological Defence Programme, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Siyu Guan
- Hummingbird Bioscience, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Guo Hui Teo
- Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kiren Purushotorman
- Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul E. Hutchinson
- Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jenny G. Low
- Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Paul A. MacAry
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hannes Hentze
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Therapeutics Development, A*STAR Research Entities (ARES), Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Kantharaj Ethirajulu
- Experimental Drug Development Centre, Therapeutics Development, A*STAR Research Entities (ARES), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jason E. Comer
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Office of Regulated Nonclinical Studies, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Chien-Te K. Tseng
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Center of Biodefense and Emerging Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Alan D. T. Barrett
- Department of Pathology and Sealy Institute for Vaccine Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | | | - Trevor Brasel
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Office of Regulated Nonclinical Studies, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States of America
| | - Brendon John Hanson
- Biological Defence Programme, DSO National Laboratories, Singapore, Singapore
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22
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Lee WS, Selva KJ, Davis SK, Wines BD, Reynaldi A, Esterbauer R, Kelly HG, Haycroft ER, Tan HX, Juno JA, Wheatley AK, Hogarth PM, Cromer D, Davenport MP, Chung AW, Kent SJ. Decay of Fc-dependent antibody functions after mild to moderate COVID-19. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100296. [PMID: 33997824 PMCID: PMC8106889 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of antibodies to engage with immune cells via the Fc region is important in preventing and controlling many infectious diseases. The evolution of such antibodies during convalescence from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is largely unknown. We develop assays to measure Fc-dependent antibody functions against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S)-expressing cells in serial samples from subjects primarily with mild-moderate COVID-19 up to 149 days post-infection. We find that S-specific antibodies capable of engaging Fcγ receptors decay over time, with S-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent phagocytosis (ADP) activity within plasma declining accordingly. Although there is significant decay in ADCC and ADP activity, they remain readily detectable in almost all subjects at the last time point studied (94%) in contrast with neutralization activity (70%). Although it remains unclear the degree to which Fc effector functions contribute to protection against SARS-CoV-2 re-infection, our results indicate that antibodies with Fc effector functions persist longer than neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Shi Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kevin John Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samantha K. Davis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bruce D. Wines
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arnold Reynaldi
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Robyn Esterbauer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah G. Kelly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ebene R. Haycroft
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Adam K. Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - P. Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Deborah Cromer
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Miles P. Davenport
- Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Amy W. Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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23
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Shiakolas AR, Kramer KJ, Wrapp D, Richardson SI, Schäfer A, Wall S, Wang N, Janowska K, Pilewski KA, Venkat R, Parks R, Manamela NP, Raju N, Fechter EF, Holt CM, Suryadevara N, Chen RE, Martinez DR, Nargi RS, Sutton RE, Ledgerwood JE, Graham BS, Diamond MS, Haynes BF, Acharya P, Carnahan RH, Crowe JE, Baric RS, Morris L, McLellan JS, Georgiev IS. Cross-reactive coronavirus antibodies with diverse epitope specificities and Fc effector functions. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100313. [PMID: 34056628 PMCID: PMC8139315 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The continual emergence of novel coronaviruses (CoV), such as severe acute respiratory syndrome-(SARS)-CoV-2, highlights the critical need for broadly reactive therapeutics and vaccines against this family of viruses. From a recovered SARS-CoV donor sample, we identify and characterize a panel of six monoclonal antibodies that cross-react with CoV spike (S) proteins from the highly pathogenic SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, and demonstrate a spectrum of reactivity against other CoVs. Epitope mapping reveals that these antibodies recognize multiple epitopes on SARS-CoV-2 S, including the receptor-binding domain, the N-terminal domain, and the S2 subunit. Functional characterization demonstrates that the antibodies mediate phagocytosis-and in some cases trogocytosis-but not neutralization in vitro. When tested in vivo in murine models, two of the antibodies demonstrate a reduction in hemorrhagic pathology in the lungs. The identification of cross-reactive epitopes recognized by functional antibodies expands the repertoire of targets for pan-coronavirus vaccine design strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R. Shiakolas
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kevin J. Kramer
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Daniel Wrapp
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Simone I. Richardson
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
- Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Steven Wall
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nianshuang Wang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Katarzyna Janowska
- Division of Structural Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kelsey A. Pilewski
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rohit Venkat
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert Parks
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Nelia P. Manamela
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
- Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Nagarajan Raju
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Clinton M. Holt
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Chemical and Physical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Rita E. Chen
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - David R. Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Rachel S. Nargi
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rachel E. Sutton
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Julie E. Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Division of Structural Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert H. Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James E. Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, USA
| | - Lynn Morris
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
- Antibody Immunity Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ivelin S. Georgiev
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Program in Computational Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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24
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Rajashekar JK, Richard J, Beloor J, Prévost J, Anand SP, Beaudoin-Bussières G, Shan L, Herndler-Brandstetter D, Gendron-Lepage G, Medjahed H, Bourassa C, Gaudette F, Ullah I, Symmes K, Peric A, Lindemuth E, Bibollet-Ruche F, Park J, Chen HC, Kaufmann DE, Hahn BH, Sodroski J, Pazgier M, Flavell RA, Smith AB, Finzi A, Kumar P. Modulating HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein conformation to decrease the HIV-1 reservoir. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:904-916.e6. [PMID: 34019804 PMCID: PMC8214472 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Small CD4-mimetic compounds (CD4mc) sensitize HIV-1-infected cells to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by facilitating antibody recognition of epitopes that are otherwise occluded on the unliganded viral envelope (Env). Combining CD4mc with two families of CD4-induced (CD4i) antibodies, which are frequently found in plasma of HIV-1-infected individuals, stabilizes Env in a conformation that is vulnerable to ADCC. We employed new-generation SRG-15 humanized mice, supporting natural killer (NK) cell and Fc-effector functions to demonstrate that brief treatment with CD4mc and CD4i-Abs significantly decreases HIV-1 replication, the virus reservoir and viral rebound after ART interruption. These effects required Fc-effector functions and NK cells, highlighting the importance of ADCC. Viral rebound was also suppressed in HIV-1+-donor cell-derived humanized mice supplemented with autologous HIV-1+-donor-derived plasma and CD4mc. These results indicate that CD4mc could have therapeutic utility in infected individuals for decreasing the size of the HIV-1 reservoir and/or achieving a functional cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyothi K Rajashekar
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jonathan Richard
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jagadish Beloor
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jérémie Prévost
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sai Priya Anand
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Liang Shan
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Irfan Ullah
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly Symmes
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Andrew Peric
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emily Lindemuth
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Frederic Bibollet-Ruche
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jun Park
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hung-Ching Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel E Kaufmann
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Beatrice H Hahn
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Sodroski
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marzena Pazgier
- Infectious Diseases Division, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Amos B Smith
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Andrés Finzi
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montreal, QC, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Priti Kumar
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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25
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Keeler SP, Fox JM. Requirement of Fc-Fc Gamma Receptor Interaction for Antibody-Based Protection against Emerging Virus Infections. Viruses 2021; 13:v13061037. [PMID: 34072720 PMCID: PMC8226613 DOI: 10.3390/v13061037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of therapeutics against emerging and re-emerging viruses remains a continued priority that is only reinforced by the recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Advances in monoclonal antibody (mAb) isolation, characterization, and production make it a viable option for rapid treatment development. While mAbs are traditionally screened and selected based on potency of neutralization in vitro, it is clear that additional factors contribute to the in vivo efficacy of a mAb beyond viral neutralization. These factors include interactions with Fc receptors (FcRs) and complement that can enhance neutralization, clearance of infected cells, opsonization of virions, and modulation of the innate and adaptive immune response. In this review, we discuss recent studies, primarily using mouse models, that identified a role for Fc-FcγR interactions for optimal antibody-based protection against emerging and re-emerging virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamus P. Keeler
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA;
| | - Julie M. Fox
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Correspondence:
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26
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Gunn BM, Lu R, Slein MD, Ilinykh PA, Huang K, Atyeo C, Schendel SL, Kim J, Cain C, Roy V, Suscovich TJ, Takada A, Halfmann PJ, Kawaoka Y, Pauthner MG, Momoh M, Goba A, Kanneh L, Andersen KG, Schieffelin JS, Grant D, Garry RF, Saphire EO, Bukreyev A, Alter G. A Fc engineering approach to define functional humoral correlates of immunity against Ebola virus. Immunity 2021; 54:815-828.e5. [PMID: 33852832 PMCID: PMC8111768 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Protective Ebola virus (EBOV) antibodies have neutralizing activity and induction of antibody constant domain (Fc)-mediated innate immune effector functions. Efforts to enhance Fc effector functionality often focus on maximizing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, yet distinct combinations of functions could be critical for antibody-mediated protection. As neutralizing antibodies have been cloned from EBOV disease survivors, we sought to identify survivor Fc effector profiles to help guide Fc optimization strategies. Survivors developed a range of functional antibody responses, and we therefore applied a rapid, high-throughput Fc engineering platform to define the most protective profiles. We generated a library of Fc variants with identical antigen-binding fragments (Fabs) from an EBOV neutralizing antibody. Fc variants with antibody-mediated complement deposition and moderate natural killer (NK) cell activity demonstrated complete protective activity in a stringent in vivo mouse model. Our findings highlight the importance of specific effector functions in antibody-mediated protection, and the experimental platform presents a generalizable resource for identifying correlates of immunity to guide therapeutic antibody design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn M Gunn
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard Lu
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew D Slein
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Philipp A Ilinykh
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Jiyoung Kim
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caitlin Cain
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vicky Roy
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Ayato Takada
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Peter J Halfmann
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Matthias G Pauthner
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mambu Momoh
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Augustine Goba
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Lansana Kanneh
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Kristian G Andersen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA; Scripps Research Translational Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John S Schieffelin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Donald Grant
- Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Program, Kenema Government Hospital, Kenema, Sierra Leone; Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Robert F Garry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA; Galveston National Laboratory, Galveston, TX, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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27
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Gallo F, Korsak B, Müller C, Hechler T, Yanakieva D, Avrutina O, Kolmar H, Pahl A. Enhancing the Pharmacokinetics and Antitumor Activity of an α-Amanitin-Based Small-Molecule Drug Conjugate via Conjugation with an Fc Domain. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4117-4129. [PMID: 33755471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Herein we describe the design and biological evaluation of a novel antitumor therapeutic platform that combines the most favorable properties of small-molecule drug conjugates (SMDCs) and antibody drug conjugates (ADCs). Although the small size of SMDCs, compared to ADCs, is an appealing feature for their application in the treatment of solid tumors, SMDCs usually suffer from poor pharmacokinetics, which severely limits their therapeutic efficacy. To overcome this limitation, in this proof-of-concept study we grafted an α-amanitin-based SMDC that targets prostate cancer cells onto an immunoglobulin Fc domain via a two-step "program and arm" chemoenzymatic strategy. We demonstrated the superior pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic efficacy of the resulting Fc-SMDC over the SMDC in a prostate cancer xenograft mouse model. This approach may provide a general strategy toward effective antitumor therapeutics combining small size with pharmacokinetic properties close to those of an ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gallo
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Heidelberg Pharma AG, Schriesheimer Str. 101, 68526 Ladenburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Korsak
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Heidelberg Pharma AG, Schriesheimer Str. 101, 68526 Ladenburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Müller
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Heidelberg Pharma AG, Schriesheimer Str. 101, 68526 Ladenburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Hechler
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Heidelberg Pharma AG, Schriesheimer Str. 101, 68526 Ladenburg, Germany
| | - Desislava Yanakieva
- Department of Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Olga Avrutina
- Department of Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Department of Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Pahl
- Heidelberg Pharma Research GmbH, Heidelberg Pharma AG, Schriesheimer Str. 101, 68526 Ladenburg, Germany
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28
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Winkler ES, Gilchuk P, Yu J, Bailey AL, Chen RE, Chong Z, Zost SJ, Jang H, Huang Y, Allen JD, Case JB, Sutton RE, Carnahan RH, Darling TL, Boon ACM, Mack M, Head RD, Ross TM, Crowe JE, Diamond MS. Human neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 require intact Fc effector functions for optimal therapeutic protection. Cell 2021; 184:1804-1820.e16. [PMID: 33691139 PMCID: PMC7879018 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 has caused the global COVID-19 pandemic. Although passively delivered neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 show promise in clinical trials, their mechanism of action in vivo is incompletely understood. Here, we define correlates of protection of neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in SARS-CoV-2-infected animals. Whereas Fc effector functions are dispensable when representative neutralizing mAbs are administered as prophylaxis, they are required for optimal protection as therapy. When given after infection, intact mAbs reduce SARS-CoV-2 burden and lung disease in mice and hamsters better than loss-of-function Fc variant mAbs. Fc engagement of neutralizing antibodies mitigates inflammation and improves respiratory mechanics, and transcriptional profiling suggests these phenotypes are associated with diminished innate immune signaling and preserved tissue repair. Immune cell depletions establish that neutralizing mAbs require monocytes and CD8+ T cells for optimal clinical and virological benefit. Thus, potently neutralizing mAbs utilize Fc effector functions during therapy to mitigate lung infection and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S Winkler
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jinsheng Yu
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Adam L Bailey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rita E Chen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhenlu Chong
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Seth J Zost
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hyesun Jang
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - James D Allen
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - James Brett Case
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rachel E Sutton
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Robert H Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Tamarand L Darling
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Adrianus C M Boon
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard D Head
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Ted M Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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29
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Abstract
The perfect synchronization of maternal immune-endocrine mechanisms and those of the fetus is necessary for a successful pregnancy. In this report, decidual immune cells at the maternal-fetal interface were detected that expressed TIGIT (T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains), which is a co-inhibitory receptor that triggers immunological tolerance. We generated recombinant TIGIT-Fc fusion proteins by linking the extracellular domain of TIGIT and silent Fc fragments. The treatment with TIGIT-Fc of human decidual antigen presenting cells (APCs), the decidual dendritic cells (dDCs), and decidual macrophages (dMϕs) increased the production of interleukin 10 and induced the decidua APCs to powerfully polarize the decidual CD4+ T cells toward a classic TH2 phenotype. We further proposed that Notch signaling shows a pivotal effect on the transcriptional regulation in decidual immune cell subsets. Moreover, the administration of TIGIT-Fc to CBA/J pregnant mice at preimplantation induced CD4+ forkhead box P3+ (Foxp3+) regulatory T cells and tolerogenic dendritic cells and increased pregnancy rates in an abortion-prone animal model stress. The results suggested the therapeutic potential of the TIGIT-Fc fusion protein in reinstating immune tolerance in failing pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Fu
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Renfei Cai
- Department of Assisted Reproduction, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zetong Ma
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Team SMMU-China of International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Competitions, Department of Biophysics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhai Lei
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Team SMMU-China of International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Competitions, Department of Biophysics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- KOCHKOR Biotech, Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Hu
- Department of Biophysics, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Team SMMU-China of International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Competitions, Department of Biophysics, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Rappazzo CG, Tse LV, Kaku CI, Wrapp D, Sakharkar M, Huang D, Deveau LM, Yockachonis TJ, Herbert AS, Battles MB, O'Brien CM, Brown ME, Geoghegan JC, Belk J, Peng L, Yang L, Hou Y, Scobey TD, Burton DR, Nemazee D, Dye JM, Voss JE, Gunn BM, McLellan JS, Baric RS, Gralinski LE, Walker LM. Broad and potent activity against SARS-like viruses by an engineered human monoclonal antibody. Science 2021; 371:823-829. [PMID: 33495307 PMCID: PMC7963221 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf4830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The recurrent zoonotic spillover of coronaviruses (CoVs) into the human population underscores the need for broadly active countermeasures. We employed a directed evolution approach to engineer three severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies for enhanced neutralization breadth and potency. One of the affinity-matured variants, ADG-2, displays strong binding activity to a large panel of sarbecovirus receptor binding domains and neutralizes representative epidemic sarbecoviruses with high potency. Structural and biochemical studies demonstrate that ADG-2 employs a distinct angle of approach to recognize a highly conserved epitope that overlaps the receptor binding site. In immunocompetent mouse models of SARS and COVID-19, prophylactic administration of ADG-2 provided complete protection against respiratory burden, viral replication in the lungs, and lung pathology. Altogether, ADG-2 represents a promising broad-spectrum therapeutic candidate against clade 1 sarbecoviruses.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Viral/genetics
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
- Antibody Affinity
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- Binding Sites
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies/genetics
- Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies/immunology
- Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies/metabolism
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- COVID-19/therapy
- Cell Surface Display Techniques
- Directed Molecular Evolution
- Epitopes/immunology
- Humans
- Immunization, Passive
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/immunology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Protein Domains
- Protein Engineering
- Receptors, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/immunology
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/prevention & control
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/therapy
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- COVID-19 Serotherapy
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Longping V Tse
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Daniel Wrapp
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | | | - Deli Huang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Thomas J Yockachonis
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | | | - Cecilia M O'Brien
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
- The Geneva Foundation, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA
| | | | | | | | - Linghang Peng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Linlin Yang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yixuan Hou
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Trevor D Scobey
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHAVD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - David Nemazee
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - John M Dye
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - James E Voss
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bronwyn M Gunn
- Paul G. Allen School of Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lisa E Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Laura M Walker
- Adimab, LLC, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA.
- Adagio Therapeutics, Inc., Waltham, MA 02451, USA
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31
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Damelang T, Aitken EH, Hasang W, Lopez E, Killian M, Unger HW, Salanti A, Shub A, McCarthy E, Kedzierska K, Lappas M, Kent SJ, Rogerson SJ, Chung AW. Antibody mediated activation of natural killer cells in malaria exposed pregnant women. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4130. [PMID: 33602987 PMCID: PMC7893158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune effector responses against Plasmodium falciparum include antibody-mediated activation of innate immune cells, which can induce Fc effector functions, including antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and the secretion of cytokines and chemokines. These effector functions are regulated by the composition of immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc N-linked glycans. However, a role for antibody-mediated natural killer (NK) cells activation or Fc N-linked glycans in pregnant women with malaria has not yet been established. Herein, we studied the capacity of IgG antibodies from pregnant women, with placental malaria or non-placental malaria, to induce NK cell activation in response to placental malaria-associated antigens DBL2 and DBL3. Antibody-mediated NK cell activation was observed in pregnant women with malaria, but no differences were associated with susceptibility to placental malaria. Elevated anti-inflammatory glycosylation patterns of IgG antibodies were observed in pregnant women with or without malaria infection, which were not seen in healthy non-pregnant controls. This suggests that pregnancy-associated anti-inflammatory Fc N-linked glycans may dampen the antibody-mediated activation of NK cells in pregnant women with malaria infection. Overall, although anti-inflammatory glycans and antibody-dependent NK cell activation were detected in pregnant women with malaria, a definitive role for these antibody features in protecting against placental malaria remains to be proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon Damelang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth H Aitken
- Department of Medicine, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Wina Hasang
- Department of Medicine, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ester Lopez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martin Killian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
- Groupe sur l'Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes, Université Jean Monnet Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Holger W Unger
- Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT, Australia
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Ali Salanti
- Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Centre for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexis Shub
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elizabeth McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Martha Lappas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Health, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Rogerson
- Department of Medicine, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy W Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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32
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Agliardi G, Liuzzi AR, Hotblack A, De Feo D, Núñez N, Stowe CL, Friebel E, Nannini F, Rindlisbacher L, Roberts TA, Ramasawmy R, Williams IP, Siow BM, Lythgoe MF, Kalber TL, Quezada SA, Pule MA, Tugues S, Straathof K, Becher B. Intratumoral IL-12 delivery empowers CAR-T cell immunotherapy in a pre-clinical model of glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:444. [PMID: 33469002 PMCID: PMC7815781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20599-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive form of primary brain cancer, for which effective therapies are urgently needed. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based immunotherapy represents a promising therapeutic approach, but it is often impeded by highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TME). Here, in an immunocompetent, orthotopic GBM mouse model, we show that CAR-T cells targeting tumor-specific epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) alone fail to control fully established tumors but, when combined with a single, locally delivered dose of IL-12, achieve durable anti-tumor responses. IL-12 not only boosts cytotoxicity of CAR-T cells, but also reshapes the TME, driving increased infiltration of proinflammatory CD4+ T cells, decreased numbers of regulatory T cells (Treg), and activation of the myeloid compartment. Importantly, the immunotherapy-enabling benefits of IL-12 are achieved with minimal systemic effects. Our findings thus show that local delivery of IL-12 may be an effective adjuvant for CAR-T cell therapy for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Agliardi
- Research Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Anna Rita Liuzzi
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alastair Hotblack
- Research Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Donatella De Feo
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nicolás Núñez
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cassandra L Stowe
- Research Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Ekaterina Friebel
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Nannini
- Research Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Lukas Rindlisbacher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A Roberts
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Rajiv Ramasawmy
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Iwan P Williams
- Research Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Bernard M Siow
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, NW1 1AT, London, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI), University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Research Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Martin A Pule
- Research Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK
| | - Sonia Tugues
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karin Straathof
- Research Department of Hematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, Paul O'Gorman Building, WC1E 6DD, London, UK.
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Biomedical Research Centre, WC1N 1EH, London, UK.
| | - Burkhard Becher
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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33
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Eltahir M, Fletcher E, Dynesius L, Jarblad JL, Lord M, Laurén I, Zekarias M, Yu X, Cragg MS, Hammarström C, Levedahl KH, Höglund M, Ullenhag G, Mattsson M, Mangsbo SM. Profiling of donor-specific immune effector signatures in response to rituximab in a human whole blood loop assay using blood from CLL patients. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 90:107226. [PMID: 33316742 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Rituximab is widely used in the treatment of haematological malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), the most common leukaemia in adults. However, some patients, especially those with high tumour burden, develop cytokine release syndrome (CRS). It is likely that more patients will develop therapy-linked CRS in the future due to the implementation of other immunotherapies, such as CAR T-cell, for many malignancies. Current methods for CRS risk assessment are limited, hence there is a need to develop new methods. To better recapitulate an in vivo setting, we implemented a unique human whole blood "loop" system to study patient-specific immune responses to rituximab in blood derived from CLL patients. Upon rituximab infusion, both complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) profiles were evident in CLL patient blood, coincident with CLL cell depletion. Whereas B cell depletion is induced in healthy persons in the blood loop, only patients display B cell depletion coupled with CRS. With the exception of one donor who lacked NK cells, all other five patients displayed variable B cell depletion along with CRS profile. Additionally, inhibition of CDC or ADCC via either inhibitors or antibody Fc modification resulted in skewing of the immune killing mechanism consistent with published literature. Herein we have shown that the human whole blood loop model can be applied using blood from a specific indication to build a disease-specific CRS and immune activation profiling ex vivo system. Other therapeutic antibodies used for other indications may benefit from antibody characterization in a similar setting.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- Antirheumatic Agents
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Blood Cell Count
- Complement Activation
- Cytokine Release Syndrome/etiology
- Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology
- Cytokines/blood
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/complications
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukocyte Count
- Male
- Rituximab/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eltahir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - M Lord
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I Laurén
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Zekarias
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - X Yu
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | - M S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, UK
| | | | - K H Levedahl
- Department of Haematology, Uppsala University Hospital; Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - M Höglund
- Department of Haematology, Uppsala University Hospital
| | - G Ullenhag
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Oncology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - M Mattsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Haematology, Uppsala University Hospital
| | - S M Mangsbo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Chen D, Zhao Y, Li M, Shang H, Li N, Li F, Wang W, Wang Y, Jin R, Liu S, Li X, Gao S, Tian Y, Li R, Li H, Zhang Y, Du M, Cao Y, Zhang Y, Li X, Huang Y, Hu LA, Li F, Zhang H. A general Fc engineering platform for the next generation of antibody therapeutics. Theranostics 2021; 11:1901-1917. [PMID: 33408788 PMCID: PMC7778609 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Fc engineering has become the focus of antibody drug development. The current mutagenesis and in silico protein design methods are confined by the limited throughput and high cost, while the high-throughput phage display and yeast display technologies are not suitable for screening glycosylated Fc variants. Here we developed a mammalian cell display-based Fc engineering platform. Methods: By using mammalian cell display and next generation sequencing, we screened millions of Fc variants for optimized affinity and specificity for FcγRIIIa or FcγRIIb. The identified Fc variants with improved binding to FcγRIIIa were substituted into trastuzumab and rituximab and the effector function of antibodies were examined in the PBMC-based assay. On the other hand, the identified Fc variants with selectively enhanced FcγRIIb binding were applied to CD40 agonist antibody and the activities of the antibodies were measured on different cell assays. The immunostimulatory activity of CD40 antibodies was also evaluated by OVA-specific CD8+ T cell response model in FcγR/CD40-humanized mice. Results: Using this approach, we screened millions of Fc variant and successfully identified several novel Fc variants with enhanced FcγRIIIa or FcγRIIb binding. These identified Fc variants displayed a dramatic increase in antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in PBMC-based assay. Novel variants with selectively enhanced FcγRIIb binding were also identified. CD40 agonist antibodies substituted with these Fc variants displayed activity more potent than the parental antibody in the in vitro and in vivo models.Conclusions: This approach increased the throughput of Fc variant screening from thousands to millions magnitude, enabled screening variants containing multiple mutations and could be integrated with glycoengineering technology, represents an ideal platform for Fc engineering. The initial efforts demonstrated the capability of the platform and the novel Fc variants could be substituted into nearly any antibody for the next generation of antibody therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hang Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ruina Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xun Li
- Amgen Research, Amgen Biopharmaceutical R&D (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yujie Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ruonan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yongyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Mingjuan Du
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Youjia Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Analytical Science, Zhenge Biotech, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Liaoyuan A. Hu
- Amgen Research, Amgen Biopharmaceutical R&D (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Fubin Li
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hongkai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
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35
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Falck D, Thomann M, Lechmann M, Koeleman CAM, Malik S, Jany C, Wuhrer M, Reusch D. Glycoform-resolved pharmacokinetic studies in a rat model employing glycoengineered variants of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody. MAbs 2021; 13:1865596. [PMID: 33382957 PMCID: PMC7781607 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2020.1865596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Good pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior is a key prerequisite for sufficient efficacy of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Fc glycosylation is a critical quality attribute (CQA) of mAbs, due to its impact on stability and effector functions. However, the effects of various IgG Fc glycoforms on antibody PK remain unclear. We used a combination of glycoengineering and glycoform-resolved PK measurements by mass spectrometry (MS) to assess glycoform effects on PK. Four differently glycoengineered mAbs, each still containing multiple glycoforms, were separately injected into rats. Rat models have been shown to be predictive of human PK. At different time points, blood was taken, from which the mAbs were purified and analyzed with a liquid chromatography-MS-based bottom-up glycoproteomics approach. This allowed us to follow changes in the glycosylation profiles of each glycoengineered mAb over time. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay measurements provided an absolute concentration in the form of a sum value for all glycoforms. Information from both readouts was then combined to calculate PK parameters per glycoform. Thereby, multiple glycoform kinetics were resolved within one mAb preparation. We confirmed increased clearance of high-mannose (Man5) and hybrid-type (Man5G0) glycoforms. Specifically, Man5 showed a 1.8 to 2.6-fold higher clearance than agalactosylated, complex glycans (G0F). Unexpectedly, clearance was even higher (4.7-fold) for the hybrid-type glycan Man5G0. In contrast, clearance of agalactosylated, monoantennary glycoforms (G0F-N) was only slightly increased over G0F (1.2 to 1.4-fold). Thus, monoantennary, hybrid-type and high-mannose glycoforms should be distinguished in CQA assessments. Strikingly, α2,3-linked sialylation did not affect clearance, contradicting the involvement of the asialoglycoprotein receptor in mAb clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Falck
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Thomann
- Pharma Technical Development Europe, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Martin Lechmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Carolien A. M. Koeleman
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Malik
- Pharma Technical Development Europe, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Cordula Jany
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dietmar Reusch
- Pharma Technical Development Europe, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
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36
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Abstract
The antibody-binding crystallizable fragment (Fc) γ receptors (FcγRs) are expressed by leukocytes and activate or suppress a cellular response once engaged with an antibody-coated target. Therapeutic mAbs that require FcγR binding for therapeutic efficacy are now frontline treatments for multiple diseases. However, substantially fewer development efforts are focused on the FcγRs, despite accounting for half of the antibody-receptor complex. The recent success of engineered cell-based immunotherapies now provides a mechanism to introduce modified FcγRs into the clinic. FcγRs are highly heterogeneous because of multiple functionally distinct alleles for many genes, the presence of membrane-tethered and soluble forms, and a high degree of post-translational modification, notably asparagine-linked glycans. One significant factor limiting FcγR improvement is the fundamental lack of knowledge regarding endogenous receptor forms present in the human body. This review describes the composition of FcγRs isolated from primary human leukocytes, summarizes recent efforts to engineer FcγRs, and concludes with a description of potential FcγR features to enrich for enhanced function. Further understanding FcγR biology could accelerate the development of new clinical therapies targeting immune-related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Barb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
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37
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Abstract
Pathogens frequently use multivalent binding to sialic acid to infect cells or to modulate immunity through interactions with human sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs). Molecules that interfere with these interactions could be of interest as diagnostics, anti-infectives or as immune modulators. This review describes the development of molecular scaffolds based on the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G that deliver high-avidity binding to innate immune receptors, including sialic acid-dependent receptors. The ways in which the sialylated Fc may be engineered as immune modulators that mimic the anti-inflammatory properties of intravenous polyclonal Ig or as blockers of sialic-acid-dependent infectivity by viruses are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J. Pleass
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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38
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Shaughnessy J, Tran Y, Zheng B, DeOliveira RB, Gulati S, Song WC, Maclean JM, Wycoff KL, Ram S. Development of Complement Factor H-Based Immunotherapeutic Molecules in Tobacco Plants Against Multidrug-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Front Immunol 2020; 11:583305. [PMID: 33193396 PMCID: PMC7649208 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.583305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel therapeutics against the global threat of multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae are urgently needed. Gonococci possess several mechanisms to evade killing by human complement, including binding of factor H (FH), a key inhibitor of the alternative pathway. FH comprises 20 short consensus repeat (SCR) domains organized in a head-to-tail manner as a single chain. N. gonorrhoeae binds two regions in FH; domains 6 and 7 and domains 18 through 20. We designed a novel anti-infective immunotherapeutic molecule that fuses domains 18-20 of FH containing a D-to-G mutation in domain 19 at position 1119 (called FH*) with human IgG1 Fc. FH*/Fc retained binding to gonococci but did not lyse human erythrocytes. Expression of FH*/Fc in tobacco plants was undertaken as an alternative, economical production platform. FH*/Fc was expressed in high yields in tobacco plants (300-600 mg/kg biomass). The activities of plant- and CHO-cell produced FH*/Fc against gonococci were similar in vitro and in the mouse vaginal colonization model of gonorrhea. The addition of flexible linkers [e.g., (GGGGS)2 or (GGGGS)3] between FH* and Fc improved the bactericidal efficacy of FH*/Fc 2.7-fold. The linkers also improved PMN-mediated opsonophagocytosis about 11-fold. FH*/Fc with linker also effectively reduced the duration and burden of colonization of two gonococcal strains tested in mice. FH*/Fc lost efficacy: i) in C6-/- mice (no terminal complement) and ii) when Fc was mutated to abrogate complement activation, suggesting that an intact complement was necessary for FH*/Fc function in vivo. In summary, plant-produced FH*/Fc represent promising prophylactic or adjunctive immunotherapeutics against multidrug-resistant gonococci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutamas Shaughnessy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Y Tran
- Planet Biotechnology, Inc., Hayward, CA, United States
| | - Bo Zheng
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Rosane B. DeOliveira
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Sunita Gulati
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Wen-Chao Song
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | | | - Sanjay Ram
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
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39
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Huo J, Le Bas A, Ruza RR, Duyvesteyn HME, Mikolajek H, Malinauskas T, Tan TK, Rijal P, Dumoux M, Ward PN, Ren J, Zhou D, Harrison PJ, Weckener M, Clare DK, Vogirala VK, Radecke J, Moynié L, Zhao Y, Gilbert-Jaramillo J, Knight ML, Tree JA, Buttigieg KR, Coombes N, Elmore MJ, Carroll MW, Carrique L, Shah PNM, James W, Townsend AR, Stuart DI, Owens RJ, Naismith JH. Neutralizing nanobodies bind SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD and block interaction with ACE2. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:846-854. [PMID: 32661423 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus is more transmissible than previous coronaviruses and causes a more serious illness than influenza. The SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein binds to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor as a prelude to viral entry into the cell. Using a naive llama single-domain antibody library and PCR-based maturation, we have produced two closely related nanobodies, H11-D4 and H11-H4, that bind RBD (KD of 39 and 12 nM, respectively) and block its interaction with ACE2. Single-particle cryo-EM revealed that both nanobodies bind to all three RBDs in the spike trimer. Crystal structures of each nanobody-RBD complex revealed how both nanobodies recognize the same epitope, which partly overlaps with the ACE2 binding surface, explaining the blocking of the RBD-ACE2 interaction. Nanobody-Fc fusions showed neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 (4-6 nM for H11-H4, 18 nM for H11-D4) and additive neutralization with the SARS-CoV-1/2 antibody CR3022.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/metabolism
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/ultrastructure
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
- Antibodies, Viral/ultrastructure
- Antibody Affinity
- Antigen-Antibody Reactions/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/metabolism
- Binding, Competitive
- COVID-19
- Coronavirus Infections
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Epitopes/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/immunology
- Models, Molecular
- Pandemics
- Peptide Library
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/ultrastructure
- Pneumonia, Viral
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Receptors, Virus/ultrastructure
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Single-Domain Antibodies/immunology
- Single-Domain Antibodies/metabolism
- Single-Domain Antibodies/ultrastructure
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Huo
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Audrey Le Bas
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Reinis R Ruza
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M E Duyvesteyn
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Halina Mikolajek
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Tomas Malinauskas
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Pramila Rijal
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinse Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maud Dumoux
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Philip N Ward
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Daming Zhou
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter J Harrison
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Miriam Weckener
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Daniel K Clare
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Vinod K Vogirala
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Julika Radecke
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Lucile Moynié
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Michael L Knight
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia A Tree
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Karen R Buttigieg
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Naomi Coombes
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Michael J Elmore
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Miles W Carroll
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Loic Carrique
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Pranav N M Shah
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - William James
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alain R Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinse Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David I Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK.
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
| | - James H Naismith
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK.
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
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40
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Ren W, Sun H, Gao GF, Chen J, Sun S, Zhao R, Gao G, Hu Y, Zhao G, Chen Y, Jin X, Fang F, Chen J, Wang Q, Gong S, Gao W, Sun Y, Su J, He A, Cheng X, Li M, Xia C, Li M, Sun L. Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike S1-Fc fusion protein induced high levels of neutralizing responses in nonhuman primates. Vaccine 2020; 38:5653-5658. [PMID: 32651113 PMCID: PMC7311893 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has become a global pandemic responsible for over 2,000,000 confirmed cases and over 126,000 deaths worldwide. In this study, we examined the immunogenicity of CHO-expressed recombinant SARS-CoV-2 S1-Fc fusion protein in mice, rabbits, and monkeys as a potential candidate for a COVID-19 vaccine. We demonstrate that the S1-Fc fusion protein is extremely immunogenic, as evidenced by strong antibody titers observed by day 7. Strong virus neutralizing activity was observed on day 14 in rabbits immunized with the S1-Fc fusion protein using a pseudovirus neutralization assay. Most importantly, in <20 days and three injections of the S1-Fc fusion protein, two monkeys developed higher virus neutralizing titers than a recovered COVID-19 patient in a live SARS-CoV-2 infection assay. Our data strongly suggests that the CHO-expressed SARS-CoV-2 S1-Fc recombinant protein could be a strong candidate for vaccine development against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Ren
- AbMax Biotechnology Co., LTD, 99 Kechuang 14th St., BDA, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Hunter Sun
- AnyGo Technology Co., LTD, D1117 Xinhua International Plaza, 89 Dayangfan Rd, Beijing, China
| | - George F Gao
- Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | | | - Sean Sun
- AnyGo Technology Co., LTD, D1117 Xinhua International Plaza, 89 Dayangfan Rd, Beijing, China
| | - Rongqing Zhao
- AnyGo Technology Co., LTD, D1117 Xinhua International Plaza, 89 Dayangfan Rd, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Gao
- AnyGo Technology Co., LTD, D1117 Xinhua International Plaza, 89 Dayangfan Rd, Beijing, China
| | | | - Gan Zhao
- Advaccine (Suzhou) Biopharmaceuticals, Co., LTD, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Dept. Lab Medine, Nanjing Univ. Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, China
| | - Xia Jin
- College of Public Health, Fudan Univ., Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Fang
- AbMax Biotechnology Co., LTD, 99 Kechuang 14th St., BDA, Beijing 101111, China
| | | | - Qi Wang
- AbMax Biotechnology Co., LTD, 99 Kechuang 14th St., BDA, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Sitao Gong
- AbMax Biotechnology Co., LTD, 99 Kechuang 14th St., BDA, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Wen Gao
- ZhenGe Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Sun
- AnyGo Technology Co., LTD, D1117 Xinhua International Plaza, 89 Dayangfan Rd, Beijing, China
| | - Junchi Su
- AnyGo Technology Co., LTD, D1117 Xinhua International Plaza, 89 Dayangfan Rd, Beijing, China
| | - Ailiang He
- ZhenGe Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- Advaccine (Suzhou) Biopharmaceuticals, Co., LTD, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Li
- College of Public Health, Fudan Univ., Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxi Xia
- AbMax Biotechnology Co., LTD, 99 Kechuang 14th St., BDA, Beijing 101111, China
| | - Maohua Li
- AbMax Biotechnology Co., LTD, 99 Kechuang 14th St., BDA, Beijing 101111, China.
| | - Le Sun
- AnyGo Technology Co., LTD, D1117 Xinhua International Plaza, 89 Dayangfan Rd, Beijing, China; AbMax Biotechnology Co., LTD, 99 Kechuang 14th St., BDA, Beijing 101111, China.
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N. Langel
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SNL); (SRR)
| | - Claire E. Otero
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David R. Martinez
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sallie R. Permar
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SNL); (SRR)
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42
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Strasser J, de Jong RN, Beurskens FJ, Schuurman J, Parren PWHI, Hinterdorfer P, Preiner J. Weak Fragment Crystallizable (Fc) Domain Interactions Drive the Dynamic Assembly of IgG Oligomers upon Antigen Recognition. ACS Nano 2020; 14:2739-2750. [PMID: 31887016 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b08347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Activation of membrane receptors through clustering is a common mechanism found in various biological systems. Spatial proximity of receptors may be transduced across the membrane to initiate signaling pathways or alternatively be recognized by peripheral proteins or immune cells to trigger external effector functions. Here we show how specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding induces clustering of monomeric target molecules in lipid membranes through Fc-Fc interactions. We visualize and characterize the dynamic IgG oligomerization process and the molecular interactions involved using high-speed atomic force microscopy, single-molecule force spectroscopy, and quartz crystal microbalance experiments. We found that the Fc-Fc interaction strength is precisely tuned to be weak enough to prevent IgG oligomerization in solution at physiological titers, but enabling IgG oligomerization when Fabs additionally bind to their cognate surface epitopes, a mechanism that ultimately targets IgG-mediated effector functions such as classical complement activation to antigenic membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Strasser
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Paul W H I Parren
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Lava Therapeutics, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Johannes Preiner
- University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
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43
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Blundell PA, Lu D, Dell A, Haslam S, Pleass RJ. Choice of Host Cell Line Is Essential for the Functional Glycosylation of the Fc Region of Human IgG1 Inhibitors of Influenza B Viruses. J Immunol 2020; 204:1022-1034. [PMID: 31907284 PMCID: PMC6994840 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abs are glycoproteins that carry a conserved N-linked carbohydrate attached to the Fc whose presence and fine structure profoundly impacts on their in vivo immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and functional attributes. The host cell line used to produce IgG plays a major role in this glycosylation, as different systems express different glycosylation enzymes and transporters that contribute to the specificity and heterogeneity of the final IgG-Fc glycosylation profile. In this study, we compare two panels of glycan-adapted IgG1-Fc mutants expressed in either the human endothelial kidney 293-F or Chinese hamster ovary-K1 systems. We show that the types of N-linked glycans between matched pairs of Fc mutants vary greatly and in particular, with respect, to sialylation. These cell line effects on glycosylation profoundly influence the ability of the engineered Fcs to interact with either human or pathogen receptors. For example, we describe Fc mutants that potently disrupted influenza B-mediated agglutination of human erythrocytes when expressed in Chinese hamster ovary-K1, but not in human endothelial kidney 293-F cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Blundell
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; and
| | - Dongli Lu
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J Pleass
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom; and
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Poderoso T, Martínez de la Riva P, Uenishi H, Alvarez B, Toki D, Nieto-Pelegrín E, Alonso F, Domínguez J, Ezquerra A, Revilla C. Analysis of the expression of porcine CD200R1 and CD200R1L by using newly developed monoclonal antibodies. Dev Comp Immunol 2019; 100:103417. [PMID: 31233758 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
CD200R1 and CD200R1-like are paired receptors which modulate activation of immune cells. Here, we describe the characterisation of their porcine homologues. Analysis of database porcine sequences shows an exceptionally high homology between the extracellular Ig-like domains of these receptors, being the rest more dissimilar. We have obtained two mAbs, PCT1 and PCT3, against a CD200R1-Fc recombinant protein, that bind on CHO cells expressing GFP-tagged CD200R1. The specificity of these mAbs was analysed on CD200R1 L, and also on a CD200R1 splicing variant that lacks the V-type Ig domain. PCT1 bound to both CD200R1 and CD200R1L, but not to the splicing variant, what suggests that recognises an epitope in the V-type Ig domain. PCT3 reacted with both CD200R1 variants, but not CD200R1L, probably binding to an epitope in the N-terminal sequence of CD200R1. Analysis of porcine cells with these mAbs showed expression of CD200R1/CD200R1L on B cells, monocytes and alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Poderoso
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - P Martínez de la Riva
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - H Uenishi
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 1-2 Owashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - B Alvarez
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - D Toki
- Institute of Japan Association for Techno-innovation in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 446-1 Ippaizuka, Kamiyokoba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0854, Japan
| | - E Nieto-Pelegrín
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - F Alonso
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Domínguez
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Ezquerra
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Revilla
- Dpto. Biotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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45
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Sustmann C, Dickopf S, Regula JT, Kettenberger H, Mølhøj M, Gassner C, Weininger D, Fenn S, Manigold T, Kling L, Künkele KP, Schwaiger M, Bossenmaier B, Griese JJ, Hopfner KP, Graff-Meyer A, Stahlberg H, Ringler P, Lauer ME, Brinkmann U, Schaefer W, Klein C. DuoMab: a novel CrossMab-based IgG-derived antibody format for enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. MAbs 2019; 11:1402-1414. [PMID: 31526159 PMCID: PMC6816436 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1661736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
High specificity accompanied with the ability to recruit immune cells has made recombinant therapeutic antibodies an integral part of drug development. Here we present a generic approach to generate two novel IgG-derived antibody formats that are based on a modification of the CrossMab technology. MoAbs harbor two heavy chains (HCs) resulting in one binding entity and one fragment crystallizable region (Fc), whereas DuoMabs are composed of four HCs harboring two binding entities and two Fc regions linked at a disulfide-bridged hinge. The latter bivalent format is characterized by avidity-enhanced target cell binding while simultaneously increasing the 'Fc-load' on the surface. DuoMabs were shown to be producible in high yield and purity and bind to surface cells with affinities comparable to IgGs. The increased Fc load directed at the surface of target cells by DuoMabs modulates their antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity competency toward target cells, making them attractive for applications that require or are modulated by FcR interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Sustmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Steffen Dickopf
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Jörg T. Regula
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Hubert Kettenberger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Michael Mølhøj
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gassner
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Diana Weininger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fenn
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Tobias Manigold
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Discovery Oncology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lothar Kling
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Peter Künkele
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Schwaiger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Discovery Oncology, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Birgit Bossenmaier
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Julia J. Griese
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Peter Hopfner
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Alexandra Graff-Meyer
- Center for Cellular Imaging and Nanoanalytics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henning Stahlberg
- Center for Cellular Imaging and Nanoanalytics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Ringler
- Center for Cellular Imaging and Nanoanalytics, Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias E. Lauer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Small Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Brinkmann
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schaefer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Large Molecule Research (LMR), Roche Innovation Center Munich, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Christian Klein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development (pRED), Discovery Oncology, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
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46
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Earnest JT, Basore K, Roy V, Bailey AL, Wang D, Alter G, Fremont DH, Diamond MS. Neutralizing antibodies against Mayaro virus require Fc effector functions for protective activity. J Exp Med 2019; 216:2282-2301. [PMID: 31337735 PMCID: PMC6781005 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20190736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite causing outbreaks of fever and arthritis in multiple countries, no countermeasures exist against Mayaro virus (MAYV), an emerging mosquito-transmitted alphavirus. We generated 18 neutralizing mAbs against MAYV, 11 of which had "elite" activity that inhibited infection with EC50 values of <10 ng/ml. Antibodies with the greatest inhibitory capacity in cell culture mapped to epitopes near the fusion peptide of E1 and in domain B of the E2 glycoproteins. Unexpectedly, many of the elite neutralizing mAbs failed to prevent MAYV infection and disease in vivo. Instead, the most protective mAbs bound viral antigen on the cell surface with high avidity and promoted specific Fc effector functions, including phagocytosis by neutrophils and monocytes. In subclass switching studies, murine IgG2a and humanized IgG1 mAb variants controlled infection better than murine IgG1 and humanized IgG1-N297Q variants. An optimally protective antibody response to MAYV and possibly other alphaviruses may require tandem virus neutralization by the Fab moiety and effector functions of the Fc region.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Earnest
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Katherine Basore
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Vicky Roy
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Adam L Bailey
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - David Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
| | - Daved H Fremont
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- The Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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47
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Abstract
Glycosylation of IgG Fc domains is a central mechanism in the diversification of antibody function. Modifications to the core Fc glycan impact antibody function by shifting the balance of Type I and Type II Fc gamma receptors (FcγR) that will be engaged by immune complexes. This, in turn, modulates the effector cells and functions that can be recruited during immune activation. Critically, humans have evolved to regulate Fc glycan modifications for immune homeostasis. Dysregulation in Fc glycan modifications can lead to loss of immune tolerance, symptomatic autoimmunity, and susceptibility to infectious diseases. Here, we discuss IgG Fc glycosylation and its role in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taia T Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Program in Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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48
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Godakova SA, Noskov AN, Vinogradova ID, Ugriumova GA, Solovyev AI, Esmagambetov IB, Tukhvatulin AI, Logunov DY, Naroditsky BS, Shcheblyakov DV, Gintsburg AL. Camelid VHHs Fused to Human Fc Fragments Provide Long Term Protection Against Botulinum Neurotoxin A in Mice. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:E464. [PMID: 31394847 PMCID: PMC6723419 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11080464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterium Clostridium botulinum is the causative agent of botulism-a severe intoxication caused by botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) and characterized by damage to the nervous system. In an effort to develop novel C. botulinum immunotherapeutics, camelid single-domain antibodies (sdAbs, VHHs, or nanobodies) could be used due to their unique structure and characteristics. In this study, VHHs were produced using phage display technology. A total of 15 different monoclonal VHHs were selected based on their comlementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) sequences. Different toxin lethal dose (LD50) challenges with each selected phage clone were conducted in vivo to check their neutralizing potency. We demonstrated that modification of neutralizing VHHs with a human immunoglobulin G (IgG)1 Fc (fragment crystallizable) fragment (fusionbody, VHH-Fc) significantly increased the circulation time in the blood (up to 14 days). At the same time, VHH-Fc showed the protective activity 1000 times higher than monomeric form when challenged with 5 LD50. Moreover, VHH-Fcs remained protective even 14 days after antibody administration. These results indicate that this VHH-Fc could be used as an effective long term antitoxin protection against botulinum type A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana A Godakova
- Department of Genetics and Bacteria Molecular Biology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 18 Gamaleya Street, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Anatoly N Noskov
- Department of Bacteriology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 18 Gamaleya Street, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Irina D Vinogradova
- Department of Bacteriology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 18 Gamaleya Street, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Galina A Ugriumova
- Department of Bacteriology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 18 Gamaleya Street, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Andrey I Solovyev
- Department of Bacteriology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 18 Gamaleya Street, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Ilias B Esmagambetov
- Department of Genetics and Bacteria Molecular Biology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 18 Gamaleya Street, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Amir I Tukhvatulin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 18 Gamaleya Street, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Denis Y Logunov
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 18 Gamaleya Street, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Boris S Naroditsky
- Department of Genetics and Bacteria Molecular Biology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 18 Gamaleya Street, Moscow 123098, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Shcheblyakov
- Department of Genetics and Bacteria Molecular Biology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 18 Gamaleya Street, Moscow 123098, Russia.
| | - Aleksandr L Gintsburg
- Department of Genetics and Bacteria Molecular Biology, Gamaleya Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, 18 Gamaleya Street, Moscow 123098, Russia
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49
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Sewid AH, Hassan MN, Ammar AM, Bemis DA, Kania SA. Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Sbi paralogs inhibit complement and bind IgM, IgG Fc and Fab. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219817. [PMID: 31335868 PMCID: PMC6650138 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of staphylococci as pathogens has been attributed, in part, to their ability to evade their hosts’ immune systems. Although the proteins involved in evasion have been extensively studied in staphylococci affecting humans little characterization has been done with Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, an important cause of pyoderma in dogs. Staphylococcus aureus binder of immunoglobulin (Sbi) interferes with innate immune recognition by interacting with multiple host proteins. In this study, a S. pseudintermedius gene that shares 38% similarity to S. aureus Sbi was cloned from S. pseudintermedius strains representative of major clonal lineages bearing two paralogs of the protein. Binding of immunoglobulins and Fab and Fc fragments as well as interaction with complement was measured. S. pseudintermedius Sbi protein bound IgG from multiple species and canine complement C3, neutralized complement activity and bound to canine IgM and B cells. Evidence from this work suggests Sbi may play an important role in S. pseudintermedius immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa H. Sewid
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - M. Nabil Hassan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - A. M. Ammar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - David A. Bemis
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Kania
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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50
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Kapelski S, Cleiren E, Attar RM, Philippar U, Häsler J, Chiu ML. Influence of the bispecific antibody IgG subclass on T cell redirection. MAbs 2019; 11:1012-1024. [PMID: 31242061 PMCID: PMC6748600 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2019.1624464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell redirection mediated by bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) is a promising cancer therapy. Dual antigen binding is necessary for potent T cell redirection and is influenced by the structural characteristics of a BsAb, which are dependent on its IgG subclass. In this study, model BsAbs targeting CD19xCD3 were generated in variants of IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 carrying Fc mutations that reduce FcγR interaction, and two chimeric IgG subclasses termed IgG1:2 and IgG4:2, in which the IgG1- or IgG4-F(ab)2 are grafted on an IgG2 Fc. Molecules containing an IgG2 or IgG4-F(ab)2 domain were confirmed to be the most structurally compact molecules. All BsAbs were shown to bind both of their target proteins (and corresponding cells) equally well. However, CD19xCD3 IgG2 did not bind both antigens simultaneously as measured by the absence of cellular clustering of T cells with target cells. This translated to a reduced potency of IgG2 BsAbs in T-cell redirection assays. The activity of IgG2 BsAbs was fully restored in the chimeric subclasses IgG4:2 and IgG1:2. This confirmed the major contribution of the F(ab)2 region to the BsAb's functional activity and demonstrated that function of BsAbs can be modulated by engineering molecules combining different Fc and F(ab)2 domains. Abbreviations: ADCC: Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity; AlphaScreenTM: Amplified Luminescent Proximity Homogeneous Assay Screening; ANOVA: Analysis of variance; BiTE: bispecific T-cell engager; BSA: bovine serum albumin; BsAb: bispecific antibody; cFAE: controlled Fab-arm exchange; CDC: complement-dependent cellular cytotoxicity; CIEX: cation-exchange; CIR: chimeric immune receptor; DPBS: Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline; EC50 value: effective concentration to reach half-maximum effect; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; EI: expansion index (RAt=x/RAt=0); FACS: fluorescence-activated cell sorting; FVD: fixable viability dye; HI-HPLC: hydrophobic interaction HPLC; HI-FBS: heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum; HPLC: high-pressure liquid chromatography; IC50 value: effective concentration to reach half-maximum inhibition; IQ: Inhibition Quotient; IS: immunological synapse; MES: 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid; R-PE: recombinant phycoerythrin; RA: red area in μm2/well; RD: receptor density; RFP: red fluorescent protein; Rg: radius of gyration; RSV: respiratory syncytial virus; SAXS: small-angle x-ray scattering; scFv: single-chain variable fragment; SD: standard deviation; SPR: surface plasmon resonance; WT: wild-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kapelski
- Biologics Discovery, Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
- Oncology Biology & Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Erna Cleiren
- Former Discovery Sciences, LD-Screening BE, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
- Charles River Laboratories, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ricardo M. Attar
- Oncology Biology & Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA,USA
| | - Ulrike Philippar
- Oncology Biology & Discovery, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Julien Häsler
- Biologics Discovery, Janssen BioTherapeutics, Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Mark L. Chiu
- BioTherapeutics Analytical Development, Discovery, Product Development & Supply, Janssen Research and Development, Malvern, PA, USA
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