1
|
Deng C, Xiong C, Huo J, Liu Y, Man Y, Qu Y. Posterior open wound healing in immediate implant placement using reactive soft tissue versus absorbable collagen sponge: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 53:436-443. [PMID: 38103945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2023.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The soft and hard tissue healing of open wounds in immediate implant placement are yet to be explored. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of open wound healing using reactive soft tissue (RST) and absorbable collagen sponge (ACS). Forty implants placed immediately in posterior sockets were included; autologous RST was used in 20 and ACS substitute was used in 20. Soft tissue healing was primarily assessed through a novel scoring system and the evaluation of gingival recession. The horizontal bone width (HBW) and interproximal marginal bone level (MBL) were measured on radiographs to observe the hard tissue healing. No significant difference in total soft tissue healing score was observed at 2 weeks postoperatively. Notably, the ACS group showed better tissue colour (P = 0.016) but worse fibrous repair (P = 0.043) scores than the RST group. Gingival recession levels were comparable in the two groups, both before tooth extraction and after placement of the restoration. Regarding hard tissue, HBW and MBL changes showed no intergroup differences. Within the limitations of this study, both RST and ACS seemed effective for open wound closure, achieving ideal soft and hard tissue healing in immediate implant placement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - C Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Man
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Y Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang Y, Sun J, Zheng J, Li S, Rao H, Dai J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Liu D, Chen Z, Ran W, Zhu A, Li F, Yan Q, Wang Y, Yu K, Zhang S, Wang D, Tang Y, Liu B, Cheng L, Huo J, Perlman S, Zhao J, Zhao J. Mosaic RBD Nanoparticles Elicit Protective Immunity Against Multiple Human Coronaviruses in Animal Models. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2303366. [PMID: 38105421 PMCID: PMC10916629 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
To combat SARS-CoV-2 variants and MERS-CoV, as well as the potential re-emergence of SARS-CoV and spillovers of sarbecoviruses, which pose a significant threat to global public health, vaccines that can confer broad-spectrum protection against betacoronaviruses (β-CoVs) are urgently needed. A mosaic ferritin nanoparticle vaccine is developed that co-displays the spike receptor-binding domains of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 Wild-type (WT) strain and evaluated its immunogenicity and protective efficacy in mice and nonhuman primates. A low dose of 10 µg administered at a 21-day interval induced a Th1-biased immune response in mice and elicited robust cross-reactive neutralizing antibody responses against a variety of β-CoVs, including a series of SARS-CoV-2 variants. It is also able to effectively protect against challenges of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 variants in not only young mice but also the more vulnerable mice through induction of long-lived immunity. Together, these results suggest that this mosaic 3-RBD nanoparticle has the potential to be developed as a pan-β-CoV vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA52242USA
| | - Suxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Haiyue Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Jun Dai
- Guangzhou Customs District Technology CenterGuangzhou510700P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Yanqun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Donglan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Zhao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Wei Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Airu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Qihong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Yiliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Kuai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Banghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory DiseaseGuangdong Laboratory of Computational BiomedicineGuangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and HealthChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou510530P. R. China
| | - Linling Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
| | - Jiandong Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
- Guangzhou laboratoryBio‐islandGuangzhou510320P. R. China
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of IowaIowa CityIA52242USA
| | - Jingxian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
- Guangzhou laboratoryBio‐islandGuangzhou510320P. R. China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Healththe First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510300P. R. China
- Guangzhou laboratoryBio‐islandGuangzhou510320P. R. China
- Institute of Infectious diseaseGuangzhou Eighth People's Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou510060P. R. China
- Institute for HepatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Infectious DiseaseShenzhen Third People's Hospitalthe Second Affiliated HospitalSchool of MedicineSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518112P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical StudiesSchool of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai201210China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lippert AH, Paluch C, Gaglioni M, Vuong MT, McColl J, Jenkins E, Fellermeyer M, Clarke J, Sharma S, Moreira da Silva S, Akkaya B, Anzilotti C, Morgan SH, Jessup CF, Körbel M, Gileadi U, Leitner J, Knox R, Chirifu M, Huo J, Yu S, Ashman N, Lui Y, Wilkinson I, Attfield KE, Fugger L, Robertson NJ, Lynch CJ, Murray L, Steinberger P, Santos AM, Lee SF, Cornall RJ, Klenerman D, Davis SJ. Antibody agonists trigger immune receptor signaling through local exclusion of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases. Immunity 2024; 57:256-270.e10. [PMID: 38354703 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Antibodies can block immune receptor engagement or trigger the receptor machinery to initiate signaling. We hypothesized that antibody agonists trigger signaling by sterically excluding large receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases (RPTPs) such as CD45 from sites of receptor engagement. An agonist targeting the costimulatory receptor CD28 produced signals that depended on antibody immobilization and were sensitive to the sizes of the receptor, the RPTPs, and the antibody itself. Although both the agonist and a non-agonistic anti-CD28 antibody locally excluded CD45, the agonistic antibody was more effective. An anti-PD-1 antibody that bound membrane proximally excluded CD45, triggered Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 recruitment, and suppressed systemic lupus erythematosus and delayed-type hypersensitivity in experimental models. Paradoxically, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, anti-PD-1-blocking antibodies used clinically, also excluded CD45 and were agonistic in certain settings. Reducing these agonistic effects using antibody engineering improved PD-1 blockade. These findings establish a framework for developing new and improved therapies for autoimmunity and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna H Lippert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher Paluch
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MiroBio Ltd, Winchester House, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, UK
| | - Meike Gaglioni
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mai T Vuong
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James McColl
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edward Jenkins
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Martin Fellermeyer
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joseph Clarke
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sumana Sharma
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Billur Akkaya
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Consuelo Anzilotti
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sara H Morgan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claire F Jessup
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Markus Körbel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Judith Leitner
- Division of Immune Receptors and T cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rachel Knox
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mami Chirifu
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiandong Huo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Yu
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicole Ashman
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuan Lui
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Kathrine E Attfield
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lars Fugger
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre for Neuroinflammation, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Lynne Murray
- MiroBio Ltd, Winchester House, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Division of Immune Receptors and T cell Activation, Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Mafalda Santos
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Steven F Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard J Cornall
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - David Klenerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Simon J Davis
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fu JH, Huo J, Han YM, Chen CJ. [Predictive value of serum Gal-13, GLP-1 and VEGF levels in adverse pregnancy outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2023; 57:2140-2146. [PMID: 38186168 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20230926-00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
To explore the application value of serum Gal-13, GLP-1 and VEGF in the prevention and guidance of adverse pregnancy outcomes in gestational diabetes (GDM). A retrospective study with case-control method was used to select 1 012 GDM patients from Haikou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 as the study objects, and they were divided into poor pregnancy outcome group (n=342) and good pregnancy outcome group (n=670) according to whether they had adverse pregnancy outcomes. The medical records of 521 healthy women with normal glucose metabolism were selected as the control group. Serum Gal-13 and GLP-1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and VEGF was determined by IAMMGE specific protein analyzer. After comparing the differences of the above factors among the three groups, multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients, and ROC curve was drawn to analyze the predictive value of serum Gal-13, GLP-1 and VEGF levels on adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients. The results showed that Fasting blood glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting insulin (FINS) in the adverse pregnancy outcome group were 5.92(4.98, 6.41) mmol/L, 5.32(4.96, 5.47)%, 62.56(49.21,99.50) pmol/L, VEGF was 495.47(389.14, 567.13) ng/L, TSH was 1.48(1.34, 1.58) mIU/L, right ventricular myocardial work index (Tei index) was 0.59(0.45, 0.67), 89 cases of elderly parturients; FPG was 4.45(4.16, 5.03) mmol/L, HbA1c was 5.04(4.86, 5.29)%, FINS was 57.41(46.90, 74.08) pmol/L, VEGF was 405.84(348.02, 462.68) ng/L, TSH was 1.42(1.25, 1.50) mIU/L, Tei index was 0.50(0.47, 0.64), there were 142 cases of old women. In the control group, FPG was 4.33(4.05, 4.75) mmol/L, HbA1c was 5.01(4.13, 5.18)%, FINS was 38.48(36.76, 41.72) pmol/L and VEGF was 302.45(283.14, 336.56) ng/L, TSH was 1.32(1.24, 1.47)mIU/L, Tei index was 0.48(0.39, 0.59), and there were 106 elderly parturiencies. The levels of FPG, HbA1c, FINS, VEGF, TSH and Tei index in the adverse pregnancy outcome group and the good pregnancy outcome group were higher than those in the control group, and the proportion of elderly parturients was higher than that in the control group, and the adverse pregnancy outcome group was higher than that in the good pregnancy outcome group. The differences were statistically significant (H=8.620, P<0.001, H=2.616, P=0.014, H=6.156, P<0.001, H=3.051, P<0.001, H=4.892, P=0.044, χ2=2.548, P=0.045). In the adverse pregnancy outcome group, Gal-13 was 15.27(8.35, 24.45)pg/ml, GLP-1 was 9.27(8.26, 12.35) pmol/L and FT4 was 11.59(9.67, 13.48) pmol/L. In the group with good pregnancy outcome, Gal-13 was 25.34(20.14, 29.73) pg/ml, GLP-1 was 12.38(10.25, 15.63) pmol/L and FT4 was 13.86(10.67, 15.10) pmol/L. In the control group, Gal-13 was 31.21(27.48, 34.45) pg/ml, GLP-1 was 11.34(10.40, 14.37) pmol/L and FT4 was 14.15(10.75, 15.43)pmol/L. The levels of Gal-13, GLP-1 and FT4 in the adverse pregnancy outcome group and the good pregnancy outcome group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the adverse pregnancy outcome group was lower than that in the good pregnancy outcome group. The differences were statistically significant (H=6.458, P=0.011, H=8.445, P<0.001, H=5.694, P<0.001). The levels of Gal-13 and GLP-1 in normal blood glucose recovery group were higher than those in non-normal blood glucose recovery group, and the levels of VEGF were lower than those in non-normal blood glucose recovery group (P<0.05).In multivariate logistic regression analysis, Gal-13, GLP-1, VEGF, TSH, FT4 and Tei indexes were independent influencing factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes with GDM (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of Gal-13, GLP-1 and VEGF alone in predicting adverse pregnancy were 0.779, 0.761 and 0.615, respectively. The value of the combined diagnosis was the highest (AUC=0.912), the sensitivity was 90.1%, and the specificity was 80.0%. In conclusion, Gal-13, GLP-1 and VEGF may be independent influencing factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes in GDM patients, and the combined detection of the three may help to improve the auxiliary diagnostic efficacy for predicting adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Fu
- Department of Postpartum Rehabilitation, Haikou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Haikou 570102, China
| | - J Huo
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Haikou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Y M Han
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haikou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Haikou 570102, China
| | - C J Chen
- Department of Postpartum Rehabilitation, Haikou Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Haikou 570102, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ragonnet-Cronin M, Nutalai R, Huo J, Dijokaite-Guraliuc A, Das R, Tuekprakhon A, Supasa P, Liu C, Selvaraj M, Groves N, Hartman H, Ellaby N, Mark Sutton J, Bahar MW, Zhou D, Fry E, Ren J, Brown C, Klenerman P, Dunachie SJ, Mongkolsapaya J, Hopkins S, Chand M, Stuart DI, Screaton GR, Rokadiya S. Generation of SARS-CoV-2 escape mutations by monoclonal antibody therapy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3334. [PMID: 37286554 PMCID: PMC10246534 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37826-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 patients at risk of severe disease may be treated with neutralising monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). To minimise virus escape from neutralisation these are administered as combinations e.g. casirivimab+imdevimab or, for antibodies targeting relatively conserved regions, individually e.g. sotrovimab. Unprecedented genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the UK has enabled a genome-first approach to detect emerging drug resistance in Delta and Omicron cases treated with casirivimab+imdevimab and sotrovimab respectively. Mutations occur within the antibody epitopes and for casirivimab+imdevimab multiple mutations are present on contiguous raw reads, simultaneously affecting both components. Using surface plasmon resonance and pseudoviral neutralisation assays we demonstrate these mutations reduce or completely abrogate antibody affinity and neutralising activity, suggesting they are driven by immune evasion. In addition, we show that some mutations also reduce the neutralising activity of vaccine-induced serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manon Ragonnet-Cronin
- Genomics Public Health Analysis, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.
- Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Imperial College London, London, England.
| | - Rungtiwa Nutalai
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
| | - Aiste Dijokaite-Guraliuc
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raksha Das
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aekkachai Tuekprakhon
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Piyada Supasa
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chang Liu
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Muneeswaran Selvaraj
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Natalie Groves
- Genomics Public Health Analysis, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Hassan Hartman
- Genomics Public Health Analysis, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Ellaby
- Genomics Public Health Analysis, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - J Mark Sutton
- Genomics Public Health Analysis, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Mohammad W Bahar
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Daming Zhou
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin Brown
- Genomics Public Health Analysis, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susanna J Dunachie
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand, Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Hopkins
- Genomics Public Health Analysis, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - Meera Chand
- Genomics Public Health Analysis, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK
| | - David I Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Sakib Rokadiya
- Genomics Public Health Analysis, UK Health Security Agency, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Dijokaite-Guraliuc A, Das R, Zhou D, Ginn HM, Liu C, Duyvesteyn HME, Huo J, Nutalai R, Supasa P, Selvaraj M, de Silva TI, Plowright M, Newman TAH, Hornsby H, Mentzer AJ, Skelly D, Ritter TG, Temperton N, Klenerman P, Barnes E, Dunachie SJ, Roemer C, Peacock TP, Paterson NG, Williams MA, Hall DR, Fry EE, Mongkolsapaya J, Ren J, Stuart DI, Screaton GR. Rapid escape of new SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants from BA.2-directed antibody responses. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112271. [PMID: 36995936 PMCID: PMC9988707 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In November 2021, Omicron BA.1, containing a raft of new spike mutations, emerged and quickly spread globally. Intense selection pressure to escape the antibody response produced by vaccines or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection then led to a rapid succession of Omicron sub-lineages with waves of BA.2 and then BA.4/5 infection. Recently, many variants have emerged such as BQ.1 and XBB, which carry up to 8 additional receptor-binding domain (RBD) amino acid substitutions compared with BA.2. We describe a panel of 25 potent monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated from vaccinees suffering BA.2 breakthrough infections. Epitope mapping shows potent mAb binding shifting to 3 clusters, 2 corresponding to early-pandemic binding hotspots. The RBD mutations in recent variants map close to these binding sites and knock out or severely knock down neutralization activity of all but 1 potent mAb. This recent mAb escape corresponds with large falls in neutralization titer of vaccine or BA.1, BA.2, or BA.4/5 immune serum.
Collapse
Key Words
- CP: Immunology
- CP: Microbiology
- SARS-CoV-2, BA.2, variant, mutation, RBD, antibodies, binding site, breakthrough, neutralizing, structure, COVID-19
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aiste Dijokaite-Guraliuc
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raksha Das
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daming Zhou
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M Ginn
- Diamond Light Source, Ltd., Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Chang Liu
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M E Duyvesteyn
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Rungtiwa Nutalai
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Piyada Supasa
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Muneeswaran Selvaraj
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thushan I de Silva
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Megan Plowright
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Thomas A H Newman
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hailey Hornsby
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alexander J Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Donal Skelly
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas G Ritter
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent and Greenwich Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susanna J Dunachie
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cornelius Roemer
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas P Peacock
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Neil G Paterson
- Diamond Light Source, Ltd., Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Mark A Williams
- Diamond Light Source, Ltd., Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - David R Hall
- Diamond Light Source, Ltd., Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Elizabeth E Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
| | - David I Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Diamond Light Source, Ltd., Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hirunpattarasilp C, James G, Kwanthongdee J, Freitas F, Huo J, Sethi H, Kittler JT, Owens RJ, McCoy LE, Attwell D. SARS-CoV-2 triggers pericyte-mediated cerebral capillary constriction. Brain 2023; 146:727-738. [PMID: 35867861 PMCID: PMC9384509 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE2, is found on pericytes, contractile cells enwrapping capillaries that regulate brain, heart and kidney blood flow. ACE2 converts vasoconstricting angiotensin II into vasodilating angiotensin-(1-7). In brain slices from hamster, which has an ACE2 sequence similar to human ACE2, angiotensin II evoked a small pericyte-mediated capillary constriction via AT1 receptors, but evoked a large constriction when the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD, original Wuhan variant) was present. A mutated non-binding RBD did not potentiate constriction. A similar RBD-potentiated capillary constriction occurred in human cortical slices, and was evoked in hamster brain slices by pseudotyped virions expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This constriction reflects an RBD-induced decrease in the conversion of angiotensin II to angiotensin-(1-7) mediated by removal of ACE2 from the cell surface membrane and was mimicked by blocking ACE2. The clinically used drug losartan inhibited the RBD-potentiated constriction. Thus, AT1 receptor blockers could be protective in COVID-19 by preventing pericyte-mediated blood flow reductions in the brain, and perhaps the heart and kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanawee Hirunpattarasilp
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Greg James
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Jaturon Kwanthongdee
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Talat Bang Khen, Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Felipe Freitas
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Research Complex at Harwell, and Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0GD, UK
| | - Huma Sethi
- Division of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Josef T Kittler
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Research Complex at Harwell, and Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0GD, UK
| | - Laura E McCoy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London NW3 2PP, UK
| | - David Attwell
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huo J, Dijokaite-Guraliuc A, Liu C, Zhou D, Ginn HM, Das R, Supasa P, Selvaraj M, Nutalai R, Tuekprakhon A, Duyvesteyn HME, Mentzer AJ, Skelly D, Ritter TG, Amini A, Bibi S, Adele S, Johnson SA, Paterson NG, Williams MA, Hall DR, Plowright M, Newman TAH, Hornsby H, de Silva TI, Temperton N, Klenerman P, Barnes E, Dunachie SJ, Pollard AJ, Lambe T, Goulder P, Fry EE, Mongkolsapaya J, Ren J, Stuart DI, Screaton GR. A delicate balance between antibody evasion and ACE2 affinity for Omicron BA.2.75. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111903. [PMID: 36586406 PMCID: PMC9747698 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have caused successive global waves of infection. These variants, with multiple mutations in the spike protein, are thought to facilitate escape from natural and vaccine-induced immunity and often increase in affinity for ACE2. The latest variant to cause concern is BA.2.75, identified in India where it is now the dominant strain, with evidence of wider dissemination. BA.2.75 is derived from BA.2 and contains four additional mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Here, we perform an antigenic and biophysical characterization of BA.2.75, revealing an interesting balance between humoral evasion and ACE2 receptor affinity. ACE2 affinity for BA.2.75 is increased 9-fold compared with BA.2; there is also evidence of escape of BA.2.75 from immune serum, particularly that induced by Delta infection, which may explain the rapid spread in India, where where there is a high background of Delta infection. ACE2 affinity appears to be prioritized over greater escape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, the Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK; Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-island, Guangzhou 510320, China.
| | - Aiste Dijokaite-Guraliuc
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chang Liu
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daming Zhou
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, the Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M Ginn
- Diamond Light Source, Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Raksha Das
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Piyada Supasa
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Muneeswaran Selvaraj
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rungtiwa Nutalai
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aekkachai Tuekprakhon
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M E Duyvesteyn
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, the Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander J Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Donal Skelly
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas G Ritter
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Ali Amini
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sagida Bibi
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandra Adele
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Neil G Paterson
- Diamond Light Source, Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Mark A Williams
- Diamond Light Source, Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - David R Hall
- Diamond Light Source, Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Megan Plowright
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Thomas A H Newman
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hailey Hornsby
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Thushan I de Silva
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK; Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent and Greenwich Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Susanna J Dunachie
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip Goulder
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth E Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, the Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, the Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
| | - David I Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, the Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Diamond Light Source, Ltd., Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Dijokaite-Guraliuc A, Das R, Nutalai R, Zhou D, Mentzer AJ, Liu C, Supasa P, Dunachie SJ, Lambe T, Fry EE, Mongkolsapaya J, Ren J, Huo J, Stuart DI, Screaton GR. Antigenic characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariant BA.4.6. Cell Discov 2022; 8:127. [PMID: 36443292 PMCID: PMC9705283 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00493-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aiste Dijokaite-Guraliuc
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raksha Das
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rungtiwa Nutalai
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daming Zhou
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander J Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Chang Liu
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Piyada Supasa
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susanna J Dunachie
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK
- Centre For Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth E Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiandong Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-island, Guangzhou, China.
| | - David I Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huo J, Dijokaite-Guraliuc A, Nutalai R, Das R, Zhou D, Mentzer AJ, Fry EE, Mongkolsapaya J, Ren J, Stuart DI, Screaton GR. Humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2.11, BA.2.12.1 and BA.2.13 from vaccine and BA.1 serum. Cell Discov 2022; 8:119. [PMID: 36319620 PMCID: PMC9626457 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-022-00482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Huo
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-island, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Aiste Dijokaite-Guraliuc
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rungtiwa Nutalai
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raksha Das
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daming Zhou
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander J Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth E Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - David I Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Akkermans O, Delloye-Bourgeois C, Peregrina C, Carrasquero-Ordaz M, Kokolaki M, Berbeira-Santana M, Chavent M, Reynaud F, Raj R, Agirre J, Aksu M, White ES, Lowe E, Ben Amar D, Zaballa S, Huo J, Pakos I, McCubbin PT, Comoletti D, Owens RJ, Robinson CV, Castellani V, del Toro D, Seiradake E. GPC3-Unc5 receptor complex structure and role in cell migration. Cell 2022; 185:3931-3949.e26. [PMID: 36240740 PMCID: PMC9596381 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neural migration is a critical step during brain development that requires the interactions of cell-surface guidance receptors. Cancer cells often hijack these mechanisms to disseminate. Here, we reveal crystal structures of Uncoordinated-5 receptor D (Unc5D) in complex with morphogen receptor glypican-3 (GPC3), forming an octameric glycoprotein complex. In the complex, four Unc5D molecules pack into an antiparallel bundle, flanked by four GPC3 molecules. Central glycan-glycan interactions are formed by N-linked glycans emanating from GPC3 (N241 in human) and C-mannosylated tryptophans of the Unc5D thrombospondin-like domains. MD simulations, mass spectrometry and structure-based mutants validate the crystallographic data. Anti-GPC3 nanobodies enhance or weaken Unc5-GPC3 binding and, together with mutant proteins, show that Unc5/GPC3 guide migrating pyramidal neurons in the mouse cortex, and cancer cells in an embryonic xenograft neuroblastoma model. The results demonstrate a conserved structural mechanism of cell guidance, where finely balanced Unc5-GPC3 interactions regulate cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onno Akkermans
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Céline Delloye-Bourgeois
- MeLis, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 8 avenue Rockefeller 69008 Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claudia Peregrina
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Carrasquero-Ordaz
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Kokolaki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Miguel Berbeira-Santana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthieu Chavent
- Institut de Pharmacologie et Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Florie Reynaud
- MeLis, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 8 avenue Rockefeller 69008 Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Ritu Raj
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jon Agirre
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Metin Aksu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor S. White
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Edward Lowe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Dounia Ben Amar
- MeLis, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 8 avenue Rockefeller 69008 Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sofia Zaballa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK,Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Irene Pakos
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Patrick T.N. McCubbin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Davide Comoletti
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA,School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Raymond J. Owens
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK,Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carol V. Robinson
- Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Valérie Castellani
- MeLis, University of Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5284, INSERM U1314, Institut NeuroMyoGène, 8 avenue Rockefeller 69008 Lyon, Lyon, France,Corresponding author
| | - Daniel del Toro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, IDIBAPS, CIBERNED, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain,Corresponding author
| | - Elena Seiradake
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li J, Li X, Jiang Z, Hu C, Liu J, Huo J, Liu B. Predicting the probability of malignant pathological type of kidney cancer based on mass size: A retrospective study. Prog Urol 2022; 32:849-855. [PMID: 36068150 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Different degrees of malignancy of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) correspond to dissimilar therapies, and the prediction of malignancy of kidney cancer based on tumor size is still not fully studied. METHODS We evaluated a total of 50,776 patients with T1-T2, N0, M0 RCC diagnosed between 2004 to 2015 based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Three and four fuhrman grade clear cell RCC, three and four fuhrman grade papillary RCC, collecting duct RCC, sarcomatoid differentiation RCC and unclassified RCC were classified as aggressive RCC. The other RCC was classified as indolent RCC. The probability of aggressive and indolent was estimated according to tumor size using a logistic regression model. Differences in survival between subgroups were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS There were 38,003 cases of indolent tumor and 12,773 cases of aggressive tumor totally. As tumor size increases, the predicted probability of an aggressive tumor also increases. Concretely, kidney cancers of 2cm, 3cm and 4cm were estimated to be 19.6%, 21.6% and 23.7% more likely to be aggressive. And for the same tumor size, clear cell RCC in men is more likely to be invasive relative to women and other kidney cancer pathology types. In addition, both the overall and tumor-specific survival are longer for indolent tumors than for aggressive tumors. CONCLUSION We evaluated the degree of malignancy of different sizes RCC in a retrospective study. This result may be helpful in the choice of initial therapy strategies for kidney cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - X Li
- Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China
| | - Z Jiang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - C Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Huo
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu, China
| | - B Liu
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, 321, zhongshan Road, 210008 Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kennedy A, Waters E, Rowshanravan B, Hinze C, Williams C, Janman D, Fox TA, Booth C, Pesenacker AM, Halliday N, Soskic B, Kaur S, Qureshi OS, Morris EC, Ikemizu S, Paluch C, Huo J, Davis SJ, Boucrot E, Walker LSK, Sansom DM. Differences in CD80 and CD86 transendocytosis reveal CD86 as a key target for CTLA-4 immune regulation. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:1365-1378. [PMID: 35999394 PMCID: PMC9477731 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01289-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CD28 and CTLA-4 (CD152) play essential roles in regulating T cell immunity, balancing the activation and inhibition of T cell responses, respectively. Although both receptors share the same ligands, CD80 and CD86, the specific requirement for two distinct ligands remains obscure. In the present study, we demonstrate that, although CTLA-4 targets both CD80 and CD86 for destruction via transendocytosis, this process results in separate fates for CTLA-4 itself. In the presence of CD80, CTLA-4 remained ligand bound, and was ubiquitylated and trafficked via late endosomes and lysosomes. In contrast, in the presence of CD86, CTLA-4 detached in a pH-dependent manner and recycled back to the cell surface to permit further transendocytosis. Furthermore, we identified clinically relevant mutations that cause autoimmune disease, which selectively disrupted CD86 transendocytosis, by affecting either CTLA-4 recycling or CD86 binding. These observations provide a rationale for two distinct ligands and show that defects in CTLA-4-mediated transendocytosis of CD86 are associated with autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Kennedy
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK
| | - Erin Waters
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK
| | | | - Claudia Hinze
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK
| | | | - Daniel Janman
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK
| | - Thomas A Fox
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK
| | - Claire Booth
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Neil Halliday
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK
| | - Blagoje Soskic
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK
| | - Satdip Kaur
- School of Immunity and Infection, Institute of Biomedical Research, University of Birmingham Medical School, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Emma C Morris
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK
| | - Shinji Ikemizu
- Division of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Christopher Paluch
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute-Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - Simon J Davis
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanuel Boucrot
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - David M Sansom
- UCL Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li W, Zhao SL, Zheng P, Shi PQ, Zhou Y, Zhang T, Huo J, Yang J. [Gastric cancer-derived mesenchymal stem cells regulate the M2 polarization of macrophages within gastric cancer microenvironment via JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2022; 44:728-736. [PMID: 35880339 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20200106-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the role and mechanism of tumor-derived mesenchymal stem cells in regulating the M2 polarization of macrophages within gastric cancer microenvironment. Methods: Gastric cancer tissues and the adjacent non-cancerous tissues were collected from patients underwent gastric cancer resection in the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang during 2018. In our study, THP-1-differentiated macrophages were co-cultured with gastric cancer-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GC-MSCs). Then, the M2 subtype-related gene, the markers expressed on cell surface and the cytokine profile were analyzed by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), flow cytometry and Luminex liquid chip, respectively. The key cytokines mediating the inducing effect of GC-MSCs on macrophage polarization into the M2 subtype were detected and screened by Luminex liquid chip, which were further confirmed by the neutralizing antibody test. The expressions of macrophage proteins involved in M2 polarization-related signaling pathways under the different co-culture conditions of GC-MSCs were detected by western blot. Results: In Mac+ GC-MSC-culture medium (CM) group, the expression levels of Ym-1 and Fizz-1 (1.53±0.32 and 13.22±1.05, respectively), which are markers for M2 subtype, were both significantly higher than those of Mac group (1.00±0.05 and 1.21±0.38, respectively, P<0.05). The level of iNOS in Mac+ GC-MSC-CM group (0.60±0.41) was significantly lower than that of Mac group (1.06±0.38, P=0.023). In Mac+ GC-MSC-Transwell (TW) group, the expression levels of Ym-1 and Fizz-1 (1.47±0.09 and 13.16±2.77, respectively) were both significantly higher than those of Mac group (1.00±0.05 and 1.21±0.38, respectively, P<0.05). The level of iNOS in Mac+ GC-MSC-CM group (0.56±0.03) was significantly lower than that of Mac group (1.06±0.38, P=0.026). The ratios of CD163(+) /CD204(+) cells in Mac+ GC-MSC-CM and Mac+ GC-MSC-TW groups (3.80% and 4.40%, respectively) were both remarkably higher than that of Mac group (0.60%, P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-10, IL-6, MCP-1 and VEGF in Mac+ GC-MSC-CM group were (592.60±87.52), (1 346.80±64.70), (11 256.00±29.03) and (1 463.90±66.67) pg/ml, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of Mac group [(41.03±2.59), (17.35±1.79), (5 213.30±523.71) and (267.12±12.06) pg/ml, respectively, P<0.05]. The levels of TNF-α, IP-10, RANTES and MIP-1α were (95.57±9.34), (410.48±40.68), (6 967.30±1.29) and (1 538.70±283.04) pg/ml, which were significantly lower than those of Mac group [(138.01±24.31, (1 298.60±310.50), (14 631.00±4.21) and (6 633.20±1.47) pg/ml, respectively, P<0.05]. The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in GC-MSCs [(11 185.02±2.82) and (12 718.03±370.17) pg/ml, respectively] were both strikingly higher than those of MSCs from adjacent non-cancerous gastric cancer tissues [(270.71±59.38) and (106.04±32.84) pg/ml, repectively, P<0.05]. The ratios of CD86(+) cells in Mac+ IL-6-blocked-GC-MSC-CM and Mac+ IL-8-blocked-GC-MSC-CM groups (28.80% and 31.40%, respectively) were both higher than that of Mac+ GC-MSC-CM group (24.70%). Compared to Mac+ GC-MSC-CM group (13.70%), the ratios of CD204(+) cells in Mac+ IL-6-blocked-GC-MSC-CM and Mac+ IL-8-blocked-GC-MSC-CM groups (9.90% and 8.70%, separately) were reduced. The expression levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3, which are proteins of macrophage M2 polarization-related signaling pathway, in Mac+ GC-MSC-CM group (0.86±0.01 and 1.08±0.01, respectively) were significantly higher than those of Mac group (0.50±0.01 and 0.82±0.01, respectively, P<0.05). The expression levels of p-JAK2 in Mac+ IL-6-blocked-GC-MSC-CM group (0.47±0.02) were significantly lower those that of Mac+ GC-MSC-CM group (0.86±0.01, P<0.05). The expression levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 in Mac+ IL-8-blocked-GC-MSC-CM group (0.50±0.01 and 0.85±0.01, respectively) were both significantly lower than those of Mac+ GC-MSC-CM group (0.86±0.01 and 1.08±0.01, P<0.05). The expression levels of p-JAK2 and p-STAT3 in Mac+ IL-6/IL-8-blocked-GC-MSC-CM group (0.37±0.01 and 0.65±0.01, respectively) were both significantly lower than those of Mac+ GC-MSC-CM group (0.86±0.01 and 1.08±0.01, P<0.05). Conclusion: GC-MSCs promote the activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway in macrophages via high secretions of IL-6 and IL-8, which subsequently induce the macrophage polarization into a pro-tumor M2 subtype within gastric cancer microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- Center Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - S L Zhao
- Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - P Zheng
- Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - P Q Shi
- Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - T Zhang
- Center Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - J Huo
- Center Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - J Yang
- Clinical Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Buchanan CJ, Gaunt B, Harrison PJ, Yang Y, Liu J, Khan A, Giltrap AM, Le Bas A, Ward PN, Gupta K, Dumoux M, Tan TK, Schimaski L, Daga S, Picchiotti N, Baldassarri M, Benetti E, Fallerini C, Fava F, Giliberti A, Koukos PI, Davy MJ, Lakshminarayanan A, Xue X, Papadakis G, Deimel LP, Casablancas-Antràs V, Claridge TDW, Bonvin AMJJ, Sattentau QJ, Furini S, Gori M, Huo J, Owens RJ, Schaffitzel C, Berger I, Renieri A, Naismith JH, Baldwin AJ, Davis BG. Pathogen-sugar interactions revealed by universal saturation transfer analysis. Science 2022; 377:eabm3125. [PMID: 35737812 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm3125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Many pathogens exploit host cell-surface glycans. However, precise analyses of glycan ligands binding with heavily modified pathogen proteins can be confounded by overlapping sugar signals and/or compounded with known experimental constraints. Universal saturation transfer analysis (uSTA) builds on existing nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to provide an automated workflow for quantitating protein-ligand interactions. uSTA reveals that early-pandemic, B-origin-lineage severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike trimer binds sialoside sugars in an "end-on" manner. uSTA-guided modeling and a high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure implicate the spike N-terminal domain (NTD) and confirm end-on binding. This finding rationalizes the effect of NTD mutations that abolish sugar binding in SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Together with genetic variance analyses in early pandemic patient cohorts, this binding implicates a sialylated polylactosamine motif found on tetraantennary N-linked glycoproteins deep in the human lung as potentially relevant to virulence and/or zoonosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles J Buchanan
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Ben Gaunt
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Peter J Harrison
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK.,Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Yun Yang
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jiwei Liu
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Aziz Khan
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Andrew M Giltrap
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Audrey Le Bas
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Philip N Ward
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Kapil Gupta
- Max Planck Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Maud Dumoux
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Lisa Schimaski
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Sergio Daga
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicola Picchiotti
- Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Department of Mathematics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Margherita Baldassarri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elisa Benetti
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Chiara Fallerini
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Fava
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Annarita Giliberti
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Panagiotis I Koukos
- Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Matthew J Davy
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Abirami Lakshminarayanan
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Xiaochao Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.,Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Virgínia Casablancas-Antràs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | | | - Alexandre M J J Bonvin
- Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Simone Furini
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Gori
- Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Maasai, I3S CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Christiane Schaffitzel
- Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Imre Berger
- Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Renieri
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | | | - James H Naismith
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andrew J Baldwin
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.,Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Benjamin G Davis
- Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxford OX11 0FA, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tuekprakhon A, Nutalai R, Dijokaite-Guraliuc A, Zhou D, Ginn HM, Selvaraj M, Liu C, Mentzer AJ, Supasa P, Duyvesteyn HME, Das R, Skelly D, Ritter TG, Amini A, Bibi S, Adele S, Johnson SA, Constantinides B, Webster H, Temperton N, Klenerman P, Barnes E, Dunachie SJ, Crook D, Pollard AJ, Lambe T, Goulder P, Paterson NG, Williams MA, Hall DR, Fry EE, Huo J, Mongkolsapaya J, Ren J, Stuart DI, Screaton GR. Antibody escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 from vaccine and BA.1 serum. Cell 2022; 185:2422-2433.e13. [PMID: 35772405 PMCID: PMC9181312 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 205.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Omicron lineage of SARS-CoV-2, which was first described in November 2021, spread rapidly to become globally dominant and has split into a number of sublineages. BA.1 dominated the initial wave but has been replaced by BA.2 in many countries. Recent sequencing from South Africa's Gauteng region uncovered two new sublineages, BA.4 and BA.5, which are taking over locally, driving a new wave. BA.4 and BA.5 contain identical spike sequences, and although closely related to BA.2, they contain further mutations in the receptor-binding domain of their spikes. Here, we study the neutralization of BA.4/5 using a range of vaccine and naturally immune serum and panels of monoclonal antibodies. BA.4/5 shows reduced neutralization by the serum from individuals vaccinated with triple doses of AstraZeneca or Pfizer vaccine compared with BA.1 and BA.2. Furthermore, using the serum from BA.1 vaccine breakthrough infections, there are, likewise, significant reductions in the neutralization of BA.4/5, raising the possibility of repeat Omicron infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aekkachai Tuekprakhon
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rungtiwa Nutalai
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aiste Dijokaite-Guraliuc
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daming Zhou
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M Ginn
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Muneeswaran Selvaraj
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chang Liu
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander J Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Piyada Supasa
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M E Duyvesteyn
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Raksha Das
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Donal Skelly
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas G Ritter
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Ali Amini
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sagida Bibi
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandra Adele
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Hermione Webster
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent and Greenwich Chatham Maritime, Kent, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Susanna J Dunachie
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Centre For Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Derrick Crook
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip Goulder
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil G Paterson
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Mark A Williams
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - David R Hall
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Elizabeth E Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
| | - David I Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nutalai R, Zhou D, Tuekprakhon A, Ginn HM, Supasa P, Liu C, Huo J, Mentzer AJ, Duyvesteyn HME, Dijokaite-Guraliuc A, Skelly D, Ritter TG, Amini A, Bibi S, Adele S, Johnson SA, Constantinides B, Webster H, Temperton N, Klenerman P, Barnes E, Dunachie SJ, Crook D, Pollard AJ, Lambe T, Goulder P, Paterson NG, Williams MA, Hall DR, Mongkolsapaya J, Fry EE, Dejnirattisai W, Ren J, Stuart DI, Screaton GR. Potent cross-reactive antibodies following Omicron breakthrough in vaccinees. Cell 2022; 185:2116-2131.e18. [PMID: 35662412 PMCID: PMC9120130 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Highly transmissible Omicron variants of SARS-CoV-2 currently dominate globally. Here, we compare neutralization of Omicron BA.1, BA.1.1, and BA.2. BA.2 RBD has slightly higher ACE2 affinity than BA.1 and slightly reduced neutralization by vaccine serum, possibly associated with its increased transmissibility. Neutralization differences between sub-lineages for mAbs (including therapeutics) mostly arise from variation in residues bordering the ACE2 binding site; however, more distant mutations S371F (BA.2) and R346K (BA.1.1) markedly reduce neutralization by therapeutic antibody Vir-S309. In-depth structure-and-function analyses of 27 potent RBD-binding mAbs isolated from vaccinated volunteers following breakthrough Omicron-BA.1 infection reveals that they are focused in two main clusters within the RBD, with potent right-shoulder antibodies showing increased prevalence. Selection and somatic maturation have optimized antibody potency in less-mutated epitopes and recovered potency in highly mutated epitopes. All 27 mAbs potently neutralize early pandemic strains, and many show broad reactivity with variants of concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rungtiwa Nutalai
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daming Zhou
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aekkachai Tuekprakhon
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M Ginn
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Piyada Supasa
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chang Liu
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander J Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M E Duyvesteyn
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Aiste Dijokaite-Guraliuc
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Donal Skelly
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas G Ritter
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Ali Amini
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sagida Bibi
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandra Adele
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Hermione Webster
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, University of Kent and Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Susanna J Dunachie
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Centre For Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Derrick Crook
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philip Goulder
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil G Paterson
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Mark A Williams
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - David R Hall
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth E Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Wanwisa Dejnirattisai
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
| | - David I Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bas AL, Mikolajek H, Huo J, Dormon J, Naismith JH, Owens RJ, Owens R. Production and Crystallization of Nanobodies in Complex with the Receptor Binding Domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4406. [PMID: 35800465 PMCID: PMC9090526 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) on the surface of epithelial cells, leading to fusion, and entry of the virus into the cell. This interaction can be blocked by the binding of llama-derived nanobodies (VHHs) to the RBD, leading to virus neutralisation. Structural analysis of VHH-RBD complexes by X-ray crystallography enables VHH epitopes to be precisely mapped, and the effect of variant mutations to be interpreted and predicted. Key to this is a protocol for the reproducible production and crystallization of the VHH-RBD complexes. Based on our experience, we describe a workflow for expressing and purifying the proteins, and the screening conditions for generating diffraction quality crystals of VHH-RBD complexes. Production and crystallization of protein complexes takes approximately twelve days, from construction of vectors to harvesting and freezing crystals for data collection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Le Bas
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, UK
| | | | - Jiandong Huo
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, UK
,Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford
| | - Joshua Dormon
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, UK
| | - James H. Naismith
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, UK
,Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford
,
*For correspondence: ;
| | - Raymond J. Owens
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, UK
,Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford
,
*For correspondence: ;
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dejnirattisai W, Huo J, Zhou D, Zahradník J, Supasa P, Liu C, Duyvesteyn HME, Ginn HM, Mentzer AJ, Tuekprakhon A, Nutalai R, Wang B, Dijokaite A, Khan S, Avinoam O, Bahar M, Skelly D, Adele S, Johnson SA, Amini A, Ritter TG, Mason C, Dold C, Pan D, Assadi S, Bellass A, Omo-Dare N, Koeckerling D, Flaxman A, Jenkin D, Aley PK, Voysey M, Costa Clemens SA, Naveca FG, Nascimento V, Nascimento F, Fernandes da Costa C, Resende PC, Pauvolid-Correa A, Siqueira MM, Baillie V, Serafin N, Kwatra G, Da Silva K, Madhi SA, Nunes MC, Malik T, Openshaw PJM, Baillie JK, Semple MG, Townsend AR, Huang KYA, Tan TK, Carroll MW, Klenerman P, Barnes E, Dunachie SJ, Constantinides B, Webster H, Crook D, Pollard AJ, Lambe T, Paterson NG, Williams MA, Hall DR, Fry EE, Mongkolsapaya J, Ren J, Schreiber G, Stuart DI, Screaton GR. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-B.1.1.529 leads to widespread escape from neutralizing antibody responses. Cell 2022; 185:467-484.e15. [PMID: 35081335 PMCID: PMC8723827 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 600] [Impact Index Per Article: 300.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
On 24th November 2021, the sequence of a new SARS-CoV-2 viral isolate Omicron-B.1.1.529 was announced, containing far more mutations in Spike (S) than previously reported variants. Neutralization titers of Omicron by sera from vaccinees and convalescent subjects infected with early pandemic Alpha, Beta, Gamma, or Delta are substantially reduced, or the sera failed to neutralize. Titers against Omicron are boosted by third vaccine doses and are high in both vaccinated individuals and those infected by Delta. Mutations in Omicron knock out or substantially reduce neutralization by most of the large panel of potent monoclonal antibodies and antibodies under commercial development. Omicron S has structural changes from earlier viruses and uses mutations that confer tight binding to ACE2 to unleash evolution driven by immune escape. This leads to a large number of mutations in the ACE2 binding site and rebalances receptor affinity to that of earlier pandemic viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanwisa Dejnirattisai
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Daming Zhou
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiří Zahradník
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Piyada Supasa
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chang Liu
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M E Duyvesteyn
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M Ginn
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Alexander J Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Aekkachai Tuekprakhon
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rungtiwa Nutalai
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Beibei Wang
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aiste Dijokaite
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Suman Khan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Avinoam
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mohammad Bahar
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Donal Skelly
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandra Adele
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Ali Amini
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas G Ritter
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Chris Mason
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Dold
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK; Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Sara Assadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Adam Bellass
- Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Nicola Omo-Dare
- Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Amy Flaxman
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Jenkin
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Parvinder K Aley
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Merryn Voysey
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sue Ann Costa Clemens
- Institute of Global Health, University of Siena, Siena, Brazil; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Felipe Gomes Naveca
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Valdinete Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alex Pauvolid-Correa
- Laboratorio de vírus respiratórios-IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Vicky Baillie
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology, National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Natali Serafin
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology, National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Gaurav Kwatra
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology, National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kelly Da Silva
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology, National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology, National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marta C Nunes
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Science and Technology, National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tariq Malik
- National Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | | | - J Kenneth Baillie
- Genetics and Genomics, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Malcolm G Semple
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alain R Townsend
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Kuan-Ying A Huang
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Miles W Carroll
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; National Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Susanna J Dunachie
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK; Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand; Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Hermione Webster
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Derrick Crook
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Neil G Paterson
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Mark A Williams
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - David R Hall
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Elizabeth E Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue & Emerging Pathogens, Dean Office for Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK.
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - David I Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK; Instruct-ERIC, Oxford House, Parkway Court, John Smith Drive, Oxford, UK.
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Dejnirattisai W, Huo J, Zhou D, Zahradník J, Supasa P, Liu C, Duyvesteyn HM, Ginn HM, Mentzer AJ, Tuekprakhon A, Nutalai R, Wang B, Dijokaite A, Khan S, Avinoam O, Bahar M, Skelly D, Adele S, Johnson SA, Amini A, Ritter T, Mason C, Dold C, Pan D, Assadi S, Bellass A, Omo-Dare N, Koeckerling D, Flaxman A, Jenkin D, Aley PK, Voysey M, Clemens SAC, Naveca FG, Nascimento V, Nascimento F, Fernandes da Costa C, Resende PC, Pauvolid-Correa A, Siqueira MM, Baillie V, Serafin N, Ditse Z, Da Silva K, Madhi S, Nunes MC, Malik T, Openshaw PJM, Baillie JK, Semple MG, Townsend AR, Huang KYA, Tan TK, Carroll MW, Klenerman P, Barnes E, Dunachie SJ, Constantinides B, Webster H, Crook D, Pollard AJ, Lambe T, Paterson NG, Williams MA, Hall DR, Fry EE, Mongkolsapaya J, Ren J, Schreiber G, Stuart DI, Screaton GR. Omicron-B.1.1.529 leads to widespread escape from neutralizing antibody responses. bioRxiv 2021:2021.12.03.471045. [PMID: 34981049 PMCID: PMC8722586 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.03.471045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
On the 24 th November 2021 the sequence of a new SARS CoV-2 viral isolate spreading rapidly in Southern Africa was announced, containing far more mutations in Spike (S) than previously reported variants. Neutralization titres of Omicron by sera from vaccinees and convalescent subjects infected with early pandemic as well as Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta are substantially reduced or fail to neutralize. Titres against Omicron are boosted by third vaccine doses and are high in cases both vaccinated and infected by Delta. Mutations in Omicron knock out or substantially reduce neutralization by most of a large panel of potent monoclonal antibodies and antibodies under commercial development. Omicron S has structural changes from earlier viruses, combining mutations conferring tight binding to ACE2 to unleash evolution driven by immune escape, leading to a large number of mutations in the ACE2 binding site which rebalance receptor affinity to that of early pandemic viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanwisa Dejnirattisai
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Daming Zhou
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiří Zahradník
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Piyada Supasa
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chang Liu
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M.E. Duyvesteyn
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M. Ginn
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Alexander J. Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Aekkachai Tuekprakhon
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rungtiwa Nutalai
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Beibei Wang
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aiste Dijokaite
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Suman Khan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Avinoam
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mohammad Bahar
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Donal Skelly
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandra Adele
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Ali Amini
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Ritter
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Chris Mason
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Dold
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust,
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester
| | - Sara Assadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust,
| | - Adam Bellass
- Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust,
| | - Nikki Omo-Dare
- Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust,
| | | | - Amy Flaxman
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Jenkin
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Parvinder K Aley
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Merryn Voysey
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sue Ann Costa Clemens
- Institute of Global Health, University of Siena, Siena, Brazil; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Felipe Gomes Naveca
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Valdinete Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alex Pauvolid-Correa
- Laboratorio de vírus respiratórios- IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | | | - Vicky Baillie
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Natali Serafin
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zanele Ditse
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kelly Da Silva
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shabir Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marta C Nunes
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tariq Malik
- National Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | | | - J Kenneth Baillie
- Genetics and Genomics, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Malcolm G Semple
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alain R Townsend
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Kuan-Ying A. Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Miles W. Carroll
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Susanna J. Dunachie
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK
- Centre For Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand, Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Hermione Webster
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Derrick Crook
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Neil G. Paterson
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Mark A. Williams
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - David R. Hall
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Elizabeth E. Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue & Emerging Pathogens, Dean Office for Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
- corresponding authors: , , , ,
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
- corresponding authors: , , , ,
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- corresponding authors: , , , ,
| | - David I. Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- Instruct-ERIC, Oxford House, Parkway Court, John Smith Drive, Oxford, UK
- corresponding authors: , , , ,
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- corresponding authors: , , , ,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Huo J, Mikolajek H, Le Bas A, Clark JJ, Sharma P, Kipar A, Dormon J, Norman C, Weckener M, Clare DK, Harrison PJ, Tree JA, Buttigieg KR, Salguero FJ, Watson R, Knott D, Carnell O, Ngabo D, Elmore MJ, Fotheringham S, Harding A, Moynié L, Ward PN, Dumoux M, Prince T, Hall Y, Hiscox JA, Owen A, James W, Carroll MW, Stewart JP, Naismith JH, Owens RJ. A potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralising nanobody shows therapeutic efficacy in the Syrian golden hamster model of COVID-19. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5469. [PMID: 34552091 PMCID: PMC8458290 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 remains a global threat to human health particularly as escape mutants emerge. There is an unmet need for effective treatments against COVID-19 for which neutralizing single domain antibodies (nanobodies) have significant potential. Their small size and stability mean that nanobodies are compatible with respiratory administration. We report four nanobodies (C5, H3, C1, F2) engineered as homotrimers with pmolar affinity for the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Crystal structures show C5 and H3 overlap the ACE2 epitope, whilst C1 and F2 bind to a different epitope. Cryo Electron Microscopy shows C5 binding results in an all down arrangement of the Spike protein. C1, H3 and C5 all neutralize the Victoria strain, and the highly transmissible Alpha (B.1.1.7 first identified in Kent, UK) strain and C1 also neutralizes the Beta (B.1.35, first identified in South Africa). Administration of C5-trimer via the respiratory route showed potent therapeutic efficacy in the Syrian hamster model of COVID-19 and separately, effective prophylaxis. The molecule was similarly potent by intraperitoneal injection.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Epitopes/chemistry
- Epitopes/metabolism
- Female
- Male
- Mesocricetus
- Neutralization Tests
- SARS-CoV-2/drug effects
- Single-Domain Antibodies/administration & dosage
- Single-Domain Antibodies/immunology
- Single-Domain Antibodies/metabolism
- Single-Domain Antibodies/pharmacology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Huo
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | | | - Audrey Le Bas
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Jordan J Clark
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Parul Sharma
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anja Kipar
- Department of Infection Biology & Microbiomes, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joshua Dormon
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Chelsea Norman
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Miriam Weckener
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Daniel K Clare
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Peter J Harrison
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Science Campus, Didcot, UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Julia A Tree
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Karen R Buttigieg
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | | | - Robert Watson
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Daniel Knott
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Oliver Carnell
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Didier Ngabo
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Michael J Elmore
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Susan Fotheringham
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Adam Harding
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucile Moynié
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Philip N Ward
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Maud Dumoux
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Tessa Prince
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Yper Hall
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Julian A Hiscox
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Infectious Diseases Horizontal Technology Centre (ID HTC), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Centre of Excellence in Long-acting Therapeutics (CELT), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - William James
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Miles W Carroll
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James P Stewart
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, University of Georgia, Georgia, USA
| | - James H Naismith
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK.
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Science Campus, Didcot, UK.
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science Campus, Didcot, UK.
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Science Campus, Didcot, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Girt GC, Lakshminarayanan A, Huo J, Dormon J, Norman C, Afrough B, Harding A, James W, Owens RJ, Naismith JH. The use of nanobodies in a sensitive ELISA test for SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1 protein. R Soc Open Sci 2021; 8:211016. [PMID: 34631127 PMCID: PMC8483265 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.211016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigens in the fluid has important uses in biotechnology, and is integral to many point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. Sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are a sensitive, well-established method of measuring antigens in solutions. They use one ligand to capture and the other ligand to detect the target analyte. Detection is commonly achieved using colorimetric readout obtained upon the reaction of a substrate with HRP-conjugated secondary ligand. Nanobodies, the VHH domain of camelid antibodies, have expanded the repertoire of molecules used in antigen detection. Nanobodies' high affinity for target antigens, their compact structure, their high stability and ease of production has driven research into their use as diagnostic reagents. Guided by a structural understanding of epitopes on the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, we investigated various combinations of engineered nanobodies in a sandwich ELISA to detect the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. We have identified an optimal combination of nanobodies. These were selectively functionalized to further improve antigen capture, enabling the measurement of sub-picomolar amounts of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein in solution. With this combination, the routine detection limit in samples inactivated by heat and detergent corresponded to less than seven focus-forming units of infectious SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina C. Girt
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute – Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Abirami Lakshminarayanan
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute – Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute – Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Joshua Dormon
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Chelsea Norman
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Babak Afrough
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Adam Harding
- James and Lillian Martin Centre, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - William James
- James and Lillian Martin Centre, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raymond J. Owens
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute – Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - James H. Naismith
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute – Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Parker JL, Deme JC, Wu Z, Kuteyi G, Huo J, Owens RJ, Biggin PC, Lea SM, Newstead S. Cryo-EM structure of PepT2 reveals structural basis for proton-coupled peptide and prodrug transport in mammals. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabh3355. [PMID: 34433568 PMCID: PMC8386928 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh3355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The SLC15 family of proton-coupled solute carriers PepT1 and PepT2 play a central role in human physiology as the principal route for acquiring and retaining dietary nitrogen. A remarkable feature of the SLC15 family is their extreme substrate promiscuity, which has enabled the targeting of these transporters for the improvement of oral bioavailability for several prodrug molecules. Although recent structural and biochemical studies on bacterial homologs have identified conserved sites of proton and peptide binding, the mechanism of peptide capture and ligand promiscuity remains unclear for mammalian family members. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the outward open conformation of the rat peptide transporter PepT2 in complex with an inhibitory nanobody. Our structure, combined with molecular dynamics simulations and biochemical and cell-based assays, establishes a framework for understanding peptide and prodrug recognition within this pharmaceutically important transporter family.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
| | - Justin C Deme
- Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
- Central Oxford Structural Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Zhiyi Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Gabriel Kuteyi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Philip C Biggin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
| | - Susan M Lea
- Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
- Central Oxford Structural Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Simon Newstead
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
- The Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Parker JL, Deme JC, Kuteyi G, Wu Z, Huo J, Goldman ID, Owens RJ, Biggin PC, Lea SM, Newstead S. Structural basis of antifolate recognition and transport by PCFT. Nature 2021; 595:130-134. [PMID: 34040256 PMCID: PMC9990147 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Folates (also known as vitamin B9) have a critical role in cellular metabolism as the starting point in the synthesis of nucleic acids, amino acids and the universal methylating agent S-adenylsmethionine1,2. Folate deficiency is associated with a number of developmental, immune and neurological disorders3-5. Mammals cannot synthesize folates de novo; several systems have therefore evolved to take up folates from the diet and distribute them within the body3,6. The proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) (also known as SLC46A1) mediates folate uptake across the intestinal brush border membrane and the choroid plexus4,7, and is an important route for the delivery of antifolate drugs in cancer chemotherapy8-10. How PCFT recognizes folates or antifolate agents is currently unclear. Here we present cryo-electron microscopy structures of PCFT in a substrate-free state and in complex with a new-generation antifolate drug (pemetrexed). Our results provide a structural basis for understanding antifolate recognition and provide insights into the pH-regulated mechanism of folate transport mediated by PCFT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Justin C Deme
- Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Central Oxford Structural Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Gabriel Kuteyi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zhiyi Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - I David Goldman
- Departments of Molecular Pharmacology and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot, UK
| | - Philip C Biggin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan M Lea
- Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Central Oxford Structural Molecular Imaging Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Center for Structural Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
| | - Simon Newstead
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- The Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Townsend A, Rijal P, Xiao J, Tan TK, Huang KYA, Schimanski L, Huo J, Gupta N, Rahikainen R, Matthews PC, Crook D, Hoosdally S, Dunachie S, Barnes E, Street T, Conlon CP, Frater J, Arancibia-Cárcamo CV, Rudkin J, Stoesser N, Karpe F, Neville M, Ploeg R, Oliveira M, Roberts DJ, Lamikanra AA, Tsang HP, Bown A, Vipond R, Mentzer AJ, Knight JC, Kwok AJ, Screaton GR, Mongkolsapaya J, Dejnirattisai W, Supasa P, Klenerman P, Dold C, Baillie JK, Moore SC, Openshaw PJM, Semple MG, Turtle LCW, Ainsworth M, Allcock A, Beer S, Bibi S, Skelly D, Stafford L, Jeffrey K, O'Donnell D, Clutterbuck E, Espinosa A, Mendoza M, Georgiou D, Lockett T, Martinez J, Perez E, Gallardo Sanchez V, Scozzafava G, Sobrinodiaz A, Thraves H, Joly E. A haemagglutination test for rapid detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1951. [PMID: 33782398 PMCID: PMC8007702 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22045-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological detection of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for establishing rates of seroconversion in populations, and for seeking evidence for a level of antibody that may be protective against COVID-19 disease. Several high-performance commercial tests have been described, but these require centralised laboratory facilities that are comparatively expensive, and therefore not available universally. Red cell agglutination tests do not require special equipment, are read by eye, have short development times, low cost and can be applied at the Point of Care. Here we describe a quantitative Haemagglutination test (HAT) for the detection of antibodies to the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The HAT has a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 99% for detection of antibodies after a PCR diagnosed infection. We will supply aliquots of the test reagent sufficient for ten thousand test wells free of charge to qualified research groups anywhere in the world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Pramila Rijal
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julie Xiao
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Kuan-Ying A Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lisa Schimanski
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Didcot, UK
| | - Nimesh Gupta
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Philippa C Matthews
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Derrick Crook
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Hoosdally
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Susanna Dunachie
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Street
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher P Conlon
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - John Frater
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Justine Rudkin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, USA
| | - Nicole Stoesser
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rutger Ploeg
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Marta Oliveira
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - David J Roberts
- NHS Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- BRC Haematology Theme and Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, USA
| | | | - Hoi Pat Tsang
- NHS Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Julian C Knight
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Kwok
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Piyada Supasa
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Dold
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Centre for Clinical Vaccinology and Tropical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Kenneth Baillie
- Genetics and Genomics, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shona C Moore
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Peter J M Openshaw
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Malcolm G Semple
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lance C W Turtle
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Mark Ainsworth
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Alice Allcock
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sally Beer
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Sagida Bibi
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Donal Skelly
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Lizzy Stafford
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Katie Jeffrey
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Alexis Espinosa
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Mendoza
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Teresa Lockett
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jose Martinez
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Elena Perez
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Hannah Thraves
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Etienne Joly
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Huo J, Bas AL, Ruza RR, Duyvesteyn HME, Mikolajek H, Malinauskas T, Tan TK, Rijal P, Dumoux M, Ward PN, Ren J, Zhou D, Harrison PJ, Weckener M, Clare DK, Vogirala VK, Radecke J, Moynié L, Zhao Y, Gilbert-Jaramillo J, Knight ML, Tree JA, Buttigieg KR, Coombes N, Elmore MJ, Carroll MW, Carrique L, Shah PNM, James W, Townsend AR, Stuart DI, Owens RJ, Naismith JH. Author Correction: Neutralizing nanobodies bind SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD and block interaction with ACE2. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2021; 28:326. [PMID: 33536566 PMCID: PMC7857722 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-021-00566-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Huo
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Audrey Le Bas
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Reinis R Ruza
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M E Duyvesteyn
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Halina Mikolajek
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Tomas Malinauskas
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Pramila Rijal
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinse Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maud Dumoux
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Philip N Ward
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Daming Zhou
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter J Harrison
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Miriam Weckener
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Daniel K Clare
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Vinod K Vogirala
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Julika Radecke
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Lucile Moynié
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Michael L Knight
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia A Tree
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Karen R Buttigieg
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Naomi Coombes
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Michael J Elmore
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Miles W Carroll
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Loic Carrique
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Pranav N M Shah
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - William James
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alain R Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinse Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David I Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK.
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
| | - James H Naismith
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK.
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Li MW, Zhang YF, Huo J, Yang S. [Effect of histone deacetylase 2 and 4 activity on connective tissue disease associated pulmonary fibrosis in mice]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 101:280-285. [PMID: 33486938 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200819-02418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity on connective tissue diseases (CTD) associated pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in mice. Methods: A single tracheal administration of bleomycin induced PF in C57BL/6J male mice was performed to establish a PF model. The experimental mice were divided into three groups: bleomycin group (group B, n = 16) which was given bleomycin A2 physiological saline solution 2.5 μl/g body weight, saline group (Group C, n = 16) which was given physiological saline solution 2.5 μl/g body weight and no operation group (group N, n = 16). At 7, 14 and 21 days after administration, the animals were randomly killed and their specimens were collected. The activity of HDAC2 and HDAC4 was detected by colorimetry. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate pulmonary alveolitis and Masson staining for pulmonary fibrosis. The variance, correlation and binary variable correlation were analyzed. Results: The HDAC2 activity in lung tissue of mice in the bleomycin group was significantly higher than that in the no operation group (2.00±0.40 vs 1.00±0.23, P<0.05) and the saline group (2.00±0.40 vs 1.48±0.33, P<0.05). The HDAC2 activity in the bleomycin group was significantly higher than that in the no operation group (2.40±0.28 vs 1.00±0.23, P<0.01, 2.23±0.41 vs 1.00±0.23, P<0.01) and the saline group (2.40±0.28 vs 1.39±0.23, P<0.05, 2.23±0.41 vs 1.35±0.42, P<0.05). The change trend of HDAC2 activity between the bleomycin group and the saline group was different. There was no significant difference in HDAC4 activity in lung tissue of mice between the bleomycin group, the no operation group and the saline group. 14 days after tracheal administration, HDAC4 activity in the bleomycin group and the saline group were significantly higher than that in the no operation group (1.18±0.36 vs 1.00±0.12, P<0.01, 1.09±0.33 vs 1.00±0.12, P<0.01). HDAC2 activity in lung tissue of mice was positively correlated with pathological scores of alveolitis (r=0.428, P<0.01) and pulmonary fibrosis (r=0.508, P<0.01). HDAC4 activity in lung tissue of mice was positively correlated with the pathological scores of alveolitis (r=0.355, P<0.05) and pulmonary fibrosis (r=0.457, P<0.01). Binary linear regression analysis showed that HDAC2 activity had a stronger effect on the process of PF lesions than HDAC4 activity in lung tissue of mice. Conclusions: When pulmonary fibrosis occurred in mice, the activities of HDAC2 and 4 in pulmonary fibrosis were significantly increased. The activity of HDAC2 increased rapidly and lastingly, and the activity of HDAC4 fluctuated significantly and increased briefly. Changes in HDAC2 activity have stronger effects on alveolitis and fibrosis than HDAC4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M W Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fuxing Hospital, the Eighth Clinical Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Y F Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - J Huo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fuxing Hospital, the Eighth Clinical Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - S Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Fuxing Hospital, the Eighth Clinical Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Tan TK, Rijal P, Rahikainen R, Keeble AH, Schimanski L, Hussain S, Harvey R, Hayes JWP, Edwards JC, McLean RK, Martini V, Pedrera M, Thakur N, Conceicao C, Dietrich I, Shelton H, Ludi A, Wilsden G, Browning C, Zagrajek AK, Bialy D, Bhat S, Stevenson-Leggett P, Hollinghurst P, Tully M, Moffat K, Chiu C, Waters R, Gray A, Azhar M, Mioulet V, Newman J, Asfor AS, Burman A, Crossley S, Hammond JA, Tchilian E, Charleston B, Bailey D, Tuthill TJ, Graham SP, Duyvesteyn HME, Malinauskas T, Huo J, Tree JA, Buttigieg KR, Owens RJ, Carroll MW, Daniels RS, McCauley JW, Stuart DI, Huang KYA, Howarth M, Townsend AR. A COVID-19 vaccine candidate using SpyCatcher multimerization of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain induces potent neutralising antibody responses. Nat Commun 2021; 12:542. [PMID: 33483491 PMCID: PMC7822889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20654-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is need for effective and affordable vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 to tackle the ongoing pandemic. In this study, we describe a protein nanoparticle vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. The vaccine is based on the display of coronavirus spike glycoprotein receptor-binding domain (RBD) on a synthetic virus-like particle (VLP) platform, SpyCatcher003-mi3, using SpyTag/SpyCatcher technology. Low doses of RBD-SpyVLP in a prime-boost regimen induce a strong neutralising antibody response in mice and pigs that is superior to convalescent human sera. We evaluate antibody quality using ACE2 blocking and neutralisation of cell infection by pseudovirus or wild-type SARS-CoV-2. Using competition assays with a monoclonal antibody panel, we show that RBD-SpyVLP induces a polyclonal antibody response that recognises key epitopes on the RBD, reducing the likelihood of selecting neutralisation-escape mutants. Moreover, RBD-SpyVLP is thermostable and can be lyophilised without losing immunogenicity, to facilitate global distribution and reduce cold-chain dependence. The data suggests that RBD-SpyVLP provides strong potential to address clinical and logistic challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| | - Pramila Rijal
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rolle Rahikainen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Anthony H Keeble
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Lisa Schimanski
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Saira Hussain
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ruth Harvey
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jack W P Hayes
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Jane C Edwards
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | | | | | - Miriam Pedrera
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Nazia Thakur
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | | | | | - Holly Shelton
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Anna Ludi
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | | | - Clare Browning
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | | | - Dagmara Bialy
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Sushant Bhat
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | | | - Philippa Hollinghurst
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
- Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Matthew Tully
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Katy Moffat
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Chris Chiu
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Ryan Waters
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Ashley Gray
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Mehreen Azhar
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | | | - Joseph Newman
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Amin S Asfor
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Alison Burman
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | | | - John A Hammond
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Elma Tchilian
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | | | - Dalan Bailey
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | | | - Simon P Graham
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Helen M E Duyvesteyn
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Tomas Malinauskas
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Protein Production UK, Research Complex at Harwell, and Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Julia A Tree
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Karen R Buttigieg
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Protein Production UK, Research Complex at Harwell, and Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Miles W Carroll
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Rodney S Daniels
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - John W McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - David I Stuart
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Kuan-Ying A Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mark Howarth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
| | - Alain R Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhou D, Duyvesteyn HME, Chen CP, Huang CG, Chen TH, Shih SR, Lin YC, Cheng CY, Cheng SH, Huang YC, Lin TY, Ma C, Huo J, Carrique L, Malinauskas T, Ruza RR, Shah PNM, Tan TK, Rijal P, Donat RF, Godwin K, Buttigieg KR, Tree JA, Radecke J, Paterson NG, Supasa P, Mongkolsapaya J, Screaton GR, Carroll MW, Gilbert-Jaramillo J, Knight ML, James W, Owens RJ, Naismith JH, Townsend AR, Fry EE, Zhao Y, Ren J, Stuart DI, Huang KYA. Structural basis for the neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by an antibody from a convalescent patient. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:950-958. [PMID: 32737466 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0480-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had an unprecedented health and economic impact and there are currently no approved therapies. We have isolated an antibody, EY6A, from an individual convalescing from COVID-19 and have shown that it neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 and cross-reacts with SARS-CoV-1. EY6A Fab binds the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike glycoprotein tightly (KD of 2 nM), and a 2.6-Å-resolution crystal structure of an RBD-EY6A Fab complex identifies the highly conserved epitope, away from the ACE2 receptor binding site. Residues within this footprint are key to stabilizing the pre-fusion spike. Cryo-EM analyses of the pre-fusion spike incubated with EY6A Fab reveal a complex of the intact spike trimer with three Fabs bound and two further multimeric forms comprising the destabilized spike attached to Fab. EY6A binds what is probably a major neutralizing epitope, making it a candidate therapeutic for COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daming Zhou
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M E Duyvesteyn
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Cheng-Pin Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Guei Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hua Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzou-Yien Lin
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, UK
- Protein Production UK, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Loic Carrique
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Tomas Malinauskas
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Reinis R Ruza
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Pranav N M Shah
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Pramila Rijal
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert F Donat
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Kerry Godwin
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Karen R Buttigieg
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Julia A Tree
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Julika Radecke
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Neil G Paterson
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Piyada Supasa
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Miles W Carroll
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Michael L Knight
- William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - William James
- William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, UK
- Protein Production UK, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - James H Naismith
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, Didcot, UK
- Protein Production UK, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Alain R Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth E Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - David I Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK.
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
| | - Kuan-Ying A Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Huo J, Zhao Y, Ren J, Zhou D, Duyvesteyn HM, Ginn HM, Carrique L, Malinauskas T, Ruza RR, Shah PN, Tan TK, Rijal P, Coombes N, Bewley KR, Tree JA, Radecke J, Paterson NG, Supasa P, Mongkolsapaya J, Screaton GR, Carroll M, Townsend A, Fry EE, Owens RJ, Stuart DI. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by Destruction of the Prefusion Spike. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 28:497. [PMID: 32910920 PMCID: PMC7480219 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
31
|
Huo J, Zhao Y, Ren J, Zhou D, Duyvesteyn HME, Ginn HM, Carrique L, Malinauskas T, Ruza RR, Shah PNM, Tan TK, Rijal P, Coombes N, Bewley KR, Tree JA, Radecke J, Paterson NG, Supasa P, Mongkolsapaya J, Screaton GR, Carroll M, Townsend A, Fry EE, Owens RJ, Stuart DI. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 by Destruction of the Prefusion Spike. Cell Host Microbe 2020; 28:445-454.e6. [PMID: 32585135 PMCID: PMC7303615 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2020.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There are as yet no licensed therapeutics for the COVID-19 pandemic. The causal coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) binds host cells via a trimeric spike whose receptor binding domain (RBD) recognizes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, initiating conformational changes that drive membrane fusion. We find that the monoclonal antibody CR3022 binds the RBD tightly, neutralizing SARS-CoV-2, and report the crystal structure at 2.4 Å of the Fab/RBD complex. Some crystals are suitable for screening for entry-blocking inhibitors. The highly conserved, structure-stabilizing CR3022 epitope is inaccessible in the prefusion spike, suggesting that CR3022 binding facilitates conversion to the fusion-incompetent post-fusion state. Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) analysis confirms that incubation of spike with CR3022 Fab leads to destruction of the prefusion trimer. Presentation of this cryptic epitope in an RBD-based vaccine might advantageously focus immune responses. Binders at this epitope could be useful therapeutically, possibly in synergy with an antibody that blocks receptor attachment.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Allosteric Site
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/therapeutic use
- Antigen-Antibody Complex/chemistry
- Betacoronavirus/chemistry
- Betacoronavirus/genetics
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- COVID-19
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Host Microbial Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Models, Molecular
- Neutralization Tests
- Pandemics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/chemistry
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Receptors, Virus/chemistry
- SARS-CoV-2
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Virus Internalization
- COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Huo
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK; The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, OX11 0FA, UK; Protein Production UK, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
| | - Daming Zhou
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Helen M E Duyvesteyn
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Helen M Ginn
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Loic Carrique
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Tomas Malinauskas
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Reinis R Ruza
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Pranav N M Shah
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Pramila Rijal
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK; Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Naomi Coombes
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Kevin R Bewley
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Julia A Tree
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Julika Radecke
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Neil G Paterson
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Piyada Supasa
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK; Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Research Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 73170, Thailand
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Miles Carroll
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, SP4 0JG, UK; Nuffield Department of Medicine, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Alain Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK; Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Elizabeth E Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK; The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Campus, OX11 0FA, UK; Protein Production UK, Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0FA, UK
| | - David I Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK; Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK; Instruct-ERIC, Oxford House, Parkway Court, John Smith Drive, Oxford, OX4 2JY, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Huo J, Le Bas A, Ruza RR, Duyvesteyn HME, Mikolajek H, Malinauskas T, Tan TK, Rijal P, Dumoux M, Ward PN, Ren J, Zhou D, Harrison PJ, Weckener M, Clare DK, Vogirala VK, Radecke J, Moynié L, Zhao Y, Gilbert-Jaramillo J, Knight ML, Tree JA, Buttigieg KR, Coombes N, Elmore MJ, Carroll MW, Carrique L, Shah PNM, James W, Townsend AR, Stuart DI, Owens RJ, Naismith JH. Neutralizing nanobodies bind SARS-CoV-2 spike RBD and block interaction with ACE2. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2020; 27:846-854. [PMID: 32661423 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-020-0469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus is more transmissible than previous coronaviruses and causes a more serious illness than influenza. The SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein binds to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor as a prelude to viral entry into the cell. Using a naive llama single-domain antibody library and PCR-based maturation, we have produced two closely related nanobodies, H11-D4 and H11-H4, that bind RBD (KD of 39 and 12 nM, respectively) and block its interaction with ACE2. Single-particle cryo-EM revealed that both nanobodies bind to all three RBDs in the spike trimer. Crystal structures of each nanobody-RBD complex revealed how both nanobodies recognize the same epitope, which partly overlaps with the ACE2 binding surface, explaining the blocking of the RBD-ACE2 interaction. Nanobody-Fc fusions showed neutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2 (4-6 nM for H11-H4, 18 nM for H11-D4) and additive neutralization with the SARS-CoV-1/2 antibody CR3022.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/metabolism
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/ultrastructure
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
- Antibodies, Viral/ultrastructure
- Antibody Affinity
- Antigen-Antibody Reactions/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/metabolism
- Binding, Competitive
- COVID-19
- Coronavirus Infections
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Epitopes/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments/immunology
- Models, Molecular
- Pandemics
- Peptide Library
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/metabolism
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/ultrastructure
- Pneumonia, Viral
- Protein Binding
- Protein Conformation
- Receptors, Virus/metabolism
- Receptors, Virus/ultrastructure
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Single-Domain Antibodies/immunology
- Single-Domain Antibodies/metabolism
- Single-Domain Antibodies/ultrastructure
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/ultrastructure
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandong Huo
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Audrey Le Bas
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Reinis R Ruza
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M E Duyvesteyn
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Halina Mikolajek
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Tomas Malinauskas
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Pramila Rijal
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinse Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maud Dumoux
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Philip N Ward
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Daming Zhou
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter J Harrison
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Miriam Weckener
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Daniel K Clare
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Vinod K Vogirala
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Julika Radecke
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Lucile Moynié
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Michael L Knight
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia A Tree
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Karen R Buttigieg
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Naomi Coombes
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Michael J Elmore
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Miles W Carroll
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Loic Carrique
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Pranav N M Shah
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - William James
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alain R Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinse Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David I Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Raymond J Owens
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK.
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
| | - James H Naismith
- Structural Biology, The Rosalind Franklin Institute, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK.
- Protein Production UK, The Rosalind Franklin Institute - Diamond Light Source, The Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Graham SP, McLean RK, Spencer AJ, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Wright D, Ulaszewska M, Edwards JC, Hayes JWP, Martini V, Thakur N, Conceicao C, Dietrich I, Shelton H, Waters R, Ludi A, Wilsden G, Browning C, Bialy D, Bhat S, Stevenson-Leggett P, Hollinghurst P, Gilbride C, Pulido D, Moffat K, Sharpe H, Allen E, Mioulet V, Chiu C, Newman J, Asfor AS, Burman A, Crossley S, Huo J, Owens RJ, Carroll M, Hammond JA, Tchilian E, Bailey D, Charleston B, Gilbert SC, Tuthill TJ, Lambe T. Evaluation of the immunogenicity of prime-boost vaccination with the replication-deficient viral vectored COVID-19 vaccine candidate ChAdOx1 nCoV-19. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:69. [PMID: 32793398 PMCID: PMC7385486 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00221-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical development of the COVID-19 vaccine candidate ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, a replication-deficient simian adenoviral vector expressing the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein was initiated in April 2020 following non-human primate studies using a single immunisation. Here, we compared the immunogenicity of one or two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 in both mice and pigs. Whilst a single dose induced antigen-specific antibody and T cells responses, a booster immunisation enhanced antibody responses, particularly in pigs, with a significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 neutralising titres.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexandra J. Spencer
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Sandra Belij-Rammerstorfer
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Daniel Wright
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Marta Ulaszewska
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | | | | | | | - Nazia Thakur
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | | | | | - Holly Shelton
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Ryan Waters
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Anna Ludi
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | | | - Clare Browning
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Dagmara Bialy
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Sushant Bhat
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | | | - Philippa Hollinghurst
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
- Department of Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7XH UK
| | - Ciaran Gilbride
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - David Pulido
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Katy Moffat
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Hannah Sharpe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Elizabeth Allen
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | | | - Chris Chiu
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Joseph Newman
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Amin S. Asfor
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Alison Burman
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | | | - Jiandong Huo
- Protein Production UK, Research Complex at Harwell, and Rosalind Franklin Institute Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0FA UK
- Division of Structural Biology, Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Raymond J. Owens
- Protein Production UK, Research Complex at Harwell, and Rosalind Franklin Institute Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0FA UK
- Division of Structural Biology, Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN UK
| | - Miles Carroll
- Public Health England, Manor Farm Road, Salisbury, SP4 0JG UK
| | | | - Elma Tchilian
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | - Dalan Bailey
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, GU24 0NF UK
| | | | - Sarah C. Gilbert
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | | | - Teresa Lambe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Huang Y, Huo J, Liu FQ, Liu J, Zhang XJ, Guo CH, Song LH. Resveratrol Promotes in vitro Differentiation of Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells via Potentiation of the Calcineurin/NFATc1 Signaling Pathway. Biochemistry Moscow 2019; 84:686-692. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919060117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
35
|
Li W, Zhou Y, Yang J, Zhang HH, Zhao SL, Zhang T, Huo J, Zheng P. [Curcumin induces apoptosis and protective autophagy in human gastric cancer cells with different degree of differentiation]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2018; 39:490-496. [PMID: 28728293 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effect of curcumin on the apoptosis and autophagy of human gastric cancer cells with different degree of differentiation. Methods: Gastric cancer cell lines BGC-823 and MKN-28 were treated with curcumin at different concentrations. The effect of curcumin on cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Autophagy status was analyzed by acridine orange staining. The expression levels of apoptotic and autophagy-related proteins were detected by Western blot. Results: The cell viability of BGC-823 and MKN-28 was inhibited by curcumin in a time- and dose-dependent manner. At 48 h after treatment, the IC(50) value of BGC-823 (15.18 μmol/L) was close to that of MKN-28 (15.84 μmol/L), and the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.513). Meanwhile, flow cytometry showed that curcumin induced the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot results showed that the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins bax, active-caspase-3 and active-caspase-9 was significantly increased in BGC-823 and MKN-28 cells, whereas that of the anti-apoptotic protein bcl-2 was strikingly reduced. In addition, the formation of acidic vesicular organelles in cytoplasm, conversion of LC3-Ⅰ to LC3-Ⅱ and increased levels of autophagy-related proteins Beclin1, Atg7 and Atg5-Atg12 were observed in curcumin-treated cells. Moreover, activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was also significantly suppressed after curcumin treatment. Blocking autophagy by adding the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) significantly promoted the apoptotic cell death induced by curcumin. Conclusions: Curcumin induces apoptosis and protective autophagy in human gastric cancer cells in vitro. Curcumin combined with autophagy inhibitor may provide a more effective strategy for its clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- Centeral Research Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Centeral Research Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - J Yang
- Centeral Research Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - H H Zhang
- Centeral Research Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - S L Zhao
- Centeral Research Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - T Zhang
- Centeral Research Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - J Huo
- Centeral Research Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - P Zheng
- Centeral Research Laboratory, the First People's Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang 222001, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bravo D, Josephson AM, Bradaschia-Correa V, Wong MZ, Yim NL, Neibart SS, Lee SN, Huo J, Coughlin T, Mizrahi MM, Leucht P. Temporary inhibition of the plasminogen activator inhibits periosteal chondrogenesis and promotes periosteal osteogenesis during appendicular bone fracture healing. Bone 2018; 112:97-106. [PMID: 29680264 PMCID: PMC5970081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aminocaproic acid is approved as an anti-fibrinolytic for use in joint replacement and spinal fusion surgeries to limit perioperative blood loss. Previous animal studies have demonstrated a pro-osteogenic effect of aminocaproic acid in spine fusion models. Here, we tested if aminocaproic acid enhances appendicular bone healing and we sought to uncover the effect of aminocaproic acid on osteoprogenitor cells (OPCs) during bone regeneration. METHODS We employed a well-established murine femur fracture model in adult C57BL/6J mice after receiving two peri-operative injections of aminocaproic acid. Routine histological assays, biomechanical testing and micro-CT analyses were utilized to assess callus volume, and strength, progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and remodeling in vivo. Two disparate ectopic transplantation models were used to study the effect of the growth factor milieu within the early fracture hematoma on osteoprogenitor cell fate decisions. RESULTS Aminocaproic acid treated femur fractures healed with a significantly smaller cartilaginous callus, and this effect was also observed in the ectopic transplantation assays. We hypothesized that aminocaproic acid treatment resulted in a stabilization of the early fracture hematoma, leading to a change in the growth factor milieu created by the early hematoma. Gene and protein expression analysis confirmed that aminocaproic acid treatment resulted in an increase in Wnt and BMP signaling and a decrease in TGF-β-signaling, resulting in a shift from chondrogenic to osteogenic differentiation in this model of endochondral bone formation. CONCLUSION These experiments demonstrate for the first time that inhibition of the plasminogen activator during fracture healing using aminocaproic acid leads to a change in cell fate decision of periosteal osteoprogenitor cells, with a predominance of osteogenic differentiation, resulting in a larger and stronger bony callus. These findings may offer a promising new use of aminocaproic acid, which is already FDA-approved and offers a very safe risk profile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Bravo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - A M Josephson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - V Bradaschia-Correa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - M Z Wong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - N L Yim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - S S Neibart
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - S N Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - J Huo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - T Coughlin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - M M Mizrahi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - P Leucht
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lu Q, Bai L, Liu P, Wang Y, Huo J, Yuan Z, Du X, Ma A. Cardiac Rupture Complicating Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Era: Clinical Features. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
38
|
Xu T, Xu Y, Huo J, Yang P, Gomez D, Liao Z. Incidental Use of Beta-Blockers, Serum VEGF, and Their Association With Disease Outcome in Patients with Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Definitive Chemoradiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.01.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
39
|
Huo J, Bian XH, Huang Y, Miao ZC, Song LH. Inhibitory effect and mechanism of metformin on human ovarian cancer cells SKOV-3 and A2780. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2017; 21:484-489. [PMID: 28239823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian cancer is the most common malignant tumor in female reproductive system. Metformin is an orally taken hypoglycemic agent, which is extensively applied in the clinic. Clinical trials find that there may be a certain degree of action of the metformin in inhibiting malignant tumors. This paper aims to investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of metformin on human ovarian cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Through in vitro cell experiment, the influences of metformin on the proliferation, colony formation and apoptosis of ovarian carcinoma cells were studied. Ovarian cancer cells SKOV-3 and A2780 in logarithmic growth phase were selected and cell proliferation was measured by MTT method. The metformin was processed for 48 h to calculate the survival rate of cells. Also, metformin was processed for 24 h and two weeks or stained with crystal violet, after which Quantity One (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) method was used to quantitatively analyze the cell clone formation, meanwhile, the FCM (flow cytometry) was used for the detection and analysis. RESULTS Intervened by metformin with different concentrations for 48 h, the cell viabilities of SKOV-3 and A2780 cells were respectively reduced by 19.49 ± 2.92%, 45.41 ± 7.95%, 53.84 ± 5.53%, 64.04 ± 4.36% and 11.45 ± 3.12%, 35.42 ± 7.55%, 43.77 ± 5.77%, 53.05 ± 5.55% as compared with that in the control group with statistical significances. After processed by metformin with different concentrations for two weeks, the cells clone numbers of SKOV-3 and A2780 were significantly reduced. Treatment of metformin on SKOV-3 and A2780 cells of human ovarian cancer showed significant apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS The metformin has the inhibitory effect on the cells of human ovarian cancer, which may be through inducing ovarian cancer cell apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Huo
- Department of Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Santos AM, Huo J, Hatherley D, Chirifu M, Davis SJ. A Protein Expression Toolkit for Studying Signaling in T Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1584:451-472. [PMID: 28255719 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6881-7_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Innate and adaptive cellular immunity is dependent on interactions of cell surface receptors that initiate signaling, resulting in the formation of the immunological synapse and targeted delivery of effector functions. There has been considerable interest over the past 30 years in methods for isolating the extracellular regions of these receptors and components of the cytoplasmic signaling networks. This chapter describes our current protein expression toolkit used for structural studies of signaling proteins and the functional reconstitution of model cell surfaces, which comprises both bacterial and mammalian cell-based protein expression methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mafalda Santos
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Deborah Hatherley
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Mami Chirifu
- Department of Structural Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Simon J Davis
- Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and MRC Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis, a common type of osteoporosis in women, has become a serious public health issue. Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), possessing various pharmacological activities, are the active ingredients of Radix Astragali. It can be advantageous in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. In the present study, we evaluated the potential therapeutic effects of APS on postmenopausal osteoporosis by using a mice model induced by ovariectomy (OVX). Forty-eight female 6-week-old outbred ICR mice were randomly divided into six groups (N = 8): Sham group, OVX group, 17 β-estradiol (E2, 0.1 mg/kg)-treated OVX group, and APS (at three doses: 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg)-treated OVX groups. The effect of APS on the bone mineral density (BMD) was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The serum levels of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteocalcin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured using ELISA kits. The results revealed that APS exerted significant anti-osteoporotic activity by increasing the BMD considerably in a dose-dependent manner. APS treatment reduced the serum RANKL levels considerably and increased the serum OPG levels, thereby lowering the ratio of RANKL/OPG. Furthermore, APS also markedly reduced osteocalcin and TNF-α concentration in OVX-induced postmenopausal osteoporosis mice model. These results showed that APS exerts a protective effect on bone loss in OVX mice. The molecular mechanism underlying this effect be the reduction of bone resorption and inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. Our findings suggest that APS may be a potential strategy for the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Huo
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - X Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xu T, Fan J, Levy L, Zhuang Y, Bone C, Huo J, Gomez D, Liao Z, Hu Y. Predictive Value of Serum Hepcidin for Disease Outcome in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Received Definitive Radio(chemo)therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.1817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
43
|
Smith BD, Jiang J, Shih YCT, Giordano SH, Huo J, Jagsi R, Caudle AS, Hunt KK, Shaitelman SF, Buchholz TA, Shirvani SM. Abstract S3-07: Complication and economic burden of local therapy options for early breast cancer. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-s3-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Guideline-concordant local therapy options for early breast cancer include lumpectomy plus whole breast irradiation (lump+WBI), lumpectomy plus brachytherapy (lump+brachy), mastectomy without reconstruction or radiation (mast alone), mastectomy with reconstruction without radiation (mast+recon), and, in older women, lumpectomy without radiation (lump alone). Little is known regarding the comparative complication and economic burden of these options in the general population.
Methods: We used the MarketScan database which includes younger women with private insurance and the SEER-Medicare database which includes older women with Medicare. Women were included if they had early stage disease (T1/2 N0/1 M0) diagnosed in 2000-2011, no prior cancer, and complete insurance coverage from 12 months prior through 24 months after diagnosis. A complication from local therapy was defined as a diagnosis or procedure code for any of the following within 24 months of diagnosis: wound complication, local infection, seroma/hematoma, fat necrosis, breast pain, pneumonitis, rib fracture, and implant removal. Total costs and complication-related costs within 24 months of diagnosis were calculated from a payer's perspective and are reported in 2014 dollars. Logistic regression compared complications by local therapy and generalized linear regression (log link function, gamma distribution) compared complication-related and total costs by local therapy; all models adjusted for relevant covariables.
Results: We selected 44,344 patients from the MarketScan cohort, median age of 53, and 50,562 patients from the SEER-Medicare cohort, median age of 75. For the MarketScan cohort, risk of complications varied as follows: 29% risk in patients treated with lump+WBI (referent), 44% with lump+brachy (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.00;P<.001), 25% with mast alone (AOR=0.85;P<.001), and 54% with mast+recon (AOR=2.89;P<.001). For the SEER-Medicare cohort, risk of complications varied as follows: 37% with lump+WBI (referent), 52% with lump+brachy (AOR=1.91;P<.001), 37% with mast alone (AOR=0.97;P=.17), 65% with mast+recon (AOR=3.17; P<.001), and 30% with lump alone (AOR=0.81; P<.001). Compared to lump+WBI, mean adjusted complication-related cost was $8,085 higher per patient with mast+recon in the MarketScan cohort and $3,711 higher per patient with mast+recon in the SEER-Medicare cohort. In contrast, complication-related costs were similar (+/- $750) for all other local therapy options relative to lump+WBI in both cohorts. For total cost, mast+recon was the most expensive local therapy in the MarketScan cohort, with mean adjusted total cost of $77,321, which was $15,181 more expensive than lump+WBI. In the SEER-Medicare cohort, lump+brachy was the most expensive option ($39,534), followed by mast+recon ($35,269), lump+WBI ($32,562), mast alone ($26,401), and lump alone ($24,455).
Conclusion: Mast+recon results in the highest complication rate and complication-related cost in both younger women and older women with early breast cancer. These findings are relevant to defining which local therapies offer the highest value to patients, payers, and society, and are relevant to patients when evaluating their local therapy options.
Citation Format: Smith BD, Jiang J, Shih Y-CT, Giordano SH, Huo J, Jagsi R, Caudle AS, Hunt KK, Shaitelman SF, Buchholz TA, Shirvani SM. Complication and economic burden of local therapy options for early breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr S3-07.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- BD Smith
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ
| | - J Jiang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ
| | - Y-CT Shih
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ
| | - SH Giordano
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ
| | - J Huo
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ
| | - R Jagsi
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ
| | - AS Caudle
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ
| | - KK Hunt
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ
| | - SF Shaitelman
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ
| | - TA Buchholz
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ
| | - SM Shirvani
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Huo J, Ma Y, Liu JJ, Ho YS, Liu S, Soh LY, Chen S, Xu S, Han W, Hong A, Lim SC, Lam KP. Loss of Fas apoptosis inhibitory molecule leads to spontaneous obesity and hepatosteatosis. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2091. [PMID: 26866272 PMCID: PMC4849152 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Altered hepatic lipogenesis is associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity and hepatosteatosis. Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinaemia are key drivers of these metabolic imbalances. Fas apoptosis inhibitory molecule (FAIM), a ubiquitously expressed antiapoptotic protein, functions as a mediator of Akt signalling. Since Akt acts at a nodal point in insulin signalling, we hypothesize that FAIM may be involved in energy metabolism. In the current study, C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and FAIM-knockout (FAIM-KO) male mice were fed with normal chow diet and body weight changes were monitored. Energy expenditure, substrate utilization and physical activities were analysed using a metabolic cage. Liver, pancreas and adipose tissue were subjected to histological examination. Serum glucose and insulin levels and lipid profiles were determined by biochemical assays. Changes in components of the insulin signalling pathway in FAIM-KO mice were examined by immunoblots. We found that FAIM-KO mice developed spontaneous non-hyperphagic obesity accompanied by hepatosteatosis, adipocyte hypertrophy, dyslipidaemia, hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia. In FAIM-KO liver, lipogenesis was elevated as indicated by increased fatty acid synthesis and SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 activation. Notably, protein expression of insulin receptor beta was markedly reduced in insulin target organs of FAIM-KO mice. Akt phosphorylation was also lower in FAIM-KO liver and adipose tissue as compared with WT controls. In addition, phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 and Akt2 in response to insulin treatment in isolated FAIM-KO hepatocytes was also markedly attenuated. Altogether, our data indicate that FAIM is a novel regulator of insulin signalling and plays an essential role in energy homoeostasis. These findings may shed light on the pathogenesis of obesity and hepatosteatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Huo
- Immunology Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - Y Ma
- Institute of Biomedicine, Ji Nan University, 601 HUANG PO DA DAO XI, Guang Zhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - J-J Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, ALEXANDRA HEALTH PTE LTD, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore 768828, Singapore
| | - Y S Ho
- Metabolomics Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #02-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - S Liu
- Clinical Research Unit, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, ALEXANDRA HEALTH PTE LTD, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore 768828, Singapore
| | - L Y Soh
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Biomedical Sciences Institutes, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - S Chen
- Metabolomics Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #02-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - S Xu
- Immunology Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore
| | - W Han
- Laboratory of Metabolic Medicine, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Biomedical Sciences Institutes, 11 Biopolis Way, Helios, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - A Hong
- Institute of Biomedicine, Ji Nan University, 601 HUANG PO DA DAO XI, Guang Zhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - S C Lim
- Diabetes Center, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, ALEXANDRA HEALTH PTE LTD, 90 Yishun Central, Singapore 768828, Singapore
| | - K-P Lam
- Immunology Group, Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01 Centros, Singapore 138668, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Block MD9, 2 Medical Drive #04-01, Singapore 117597, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Blk MD4, Level 3, Singapore 117545, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rohr J, Guo S, Huo J, Bouska A, Lachel C, Li Y, Simone PD, Zhang W, Gong Q, Wang C, Cannon A, Heavican T, Mottok A, Hung S, Rosenwald A, Gascoyne R, Fu K, Greiner TC, Weisenburger DD, Vose JM, Staudt LM, Xiao W, Borgstahl GEO, Davis S, Steidl C, McKeithan T, Iqbal J, Chan WC. Recurrent activating mutations of CD28 in peripheral T-cell lymphomas. Leukemia 2015; 30:1062-70. [PMID: 26719098 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) comprise a heterogeneous group of mature T-cell neoplasms with a poor prognosis. Recently, mutations in TET2 and other epigenetic modifiers as well as RHOA have been identified in these diseases, particularly in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). CD28 is the major co-stimulatory receptor in T cells which, upon binding ligand, induces sustained T-cell proliferation and cytokine production when combined with T-cell receptor stimulation. We have identified recurrent mutations in CD28 in PTCLs. Two residues-D124 and T195-were recurrently mutated in 11.3% of cases of AITL and in one case of PTCL, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS). Surface plasmon resonance analysis of mutations at these residues with predicted differential partner interactions showed increased affinity for ligand CD86 (residue D124) and increased affinity for intracellular adaptor proteins GRB2 and GADS/GRAP2 (residue T195). Molecular modeling studies on each of these mutations suggested how these mutants result in increased affinities. We found increased transcription of the CD28-responsive genes CD226 and TNFA in cells expressing the T195P mutant in response to CD3 and CD86 co-stimulation and increased downstream activation of NF-κB by both D124V and T195P mutants, suggesting a potential therapeutic target in CD28-mutated PTCLs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Rohr
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - S Guo
- Department of Pathology, Xi Jing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaan Xi Province, China
| | - J Huo
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Bouska
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - C Lachel
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Y Li
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - P D Simone
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Florida Atlantic University College of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - W Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Q Gong
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - C Wang
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.,School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - A Cannon
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - T Heavican
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - A Mottok
- Department for Lymphoid Cancer Research, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S Hung
- Department for Lymphoid Cancer Research, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology and Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken (CCC MF), University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - R Gascoyne
- Department for Lymphoid Cancer Research, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - K Fu
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - T C Greiner
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - D D Weisenburger
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - J M Vose
- Department of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - L M Staudt
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W Xiao
- Division of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, USA
| | - G E O Borgstahl
- Eppley Institute for Cancer Research and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - S Davis
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C Steidl
- Department for Lymphoid Cancer Research, Centre for Lymphoid Cancer, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - T McKeithan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - J Iqbal
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - W C Chan
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hoffman K, Huo J, Giordano S, Smith B. Impact of Radiation Therapy Practice Setting on Prostate Cancer Treatment and Outcomes. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
47
|
Huo J, Alger J, Kim H, Brown M, Okada K, Pope W, Goldin J. Between-Scanner and Between-Visit Variation in Normal White Matter Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values in the Setting of a Multi-Center Clinical Trial. Clin Neuroradiol 2015; 26:423-430. [PMID: 25791203 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-015-0381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To study the between-scanner variation and the between-visit reproducibility of brain apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements in the setting of a multi-center chemotherapy clinical trial for glioblastoma multiforme. METHODS AND MATERIALS ADC maps of 52 patients at six sites were calculated in-house from diffusion-weighted images obtained by seven individual scanner models of two vendors. The median and coefficient of variation (CV) of normal brain white matter ADC values from a defined region of interest were used to evaluate the differences among scanner models, vendors, magnetic fields, as well as successive visits. All patients participating in this study signed institutional review board approved informed consent. Data acquisition was performed in compliance with all applicable Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act regulations. The study spanned from August 1, 2006, to January 29, 2008. RESULTS For baseline median ADC, no difference was observed between the different scanner models, different vendors, and different magnetic field strength. For baseline ADC CV, a significant difference was found between different scanner models (p = 0.0002). No between-scanner difference was observed in ADC changes between two visits. For between-visit reproducibility, significant difference was seen between the ADC values measured at two successive visits for the whole patient group. CONCLUSION The CVs varied significantly between scanners, presumably due to image noise. Consistent scanner parameter setup can improve reproducibility of the ADC measurements between visits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Huo
- TeraRecon Inc., 4000 E 3rd Ave., Suite 200, 94404, Foster City, CA, USA.
| | - J Alger
- Department of Radiological Science, University of California in Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 650, 90024, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H Kim
- Department of Radiological Science, University of California in Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 650, 90024, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M Brown
- Department of Radiological Science, University of California in Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 650, 90024, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - K Okada
- Department of Computer Science, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, USA
| | - W Pope
- Department of Radiological Science, University of California in Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 650, 90024, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Goldin
- Department of Radiological Science, University of California in Los Angeles, 924 Westwood Blvd, Suite 650, 90024, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zou XW, Huo J, Wang JM, Yuan JY, Ma YY, Wang QY. Fibroblastic rheumatism: the first case with infiltration of multinuclear giant cells and raised blood lead level. Clin Exp Dermatol 2014; 40:309-12. [PMID: 25545215 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblastic rheumatism (FR) is a rare condition characterized by symmetrical polyarthritis and multiple cutaneous nodules. Approximately 30 cases have been reported worldwide to date. Laboratory tests are not particular useful to confirm the disease. Diagnosis is mainly dependent on the characteristic histopathological features: thickened collagen fibres with spindle-shaped cell proliferation in the skin lesion. We report a case of a 48-year-old Chinese man with typical clinical features of FR. In addition to the characteristic histopathological findings, multinuclear giant cell infiltration in skin lesions was detected, in this case. The evaluation of microelements revealed a raised blood lead level) of 129 μg/L (normal range 0-99 μg/L) These two features have never been described in the previous medical literature on FR. Thus, we propose that examining the infiltrated cells in detail in histopathological studies and inspecting the levels of lead and other microelements in the blood may increase our understanding of the pathogenesis of FR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X W Zou
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zhen H, Zhao W, Yang X, Wang J, Zhao J, Huo J, Zhang X, Fei Z. MS-31 * INTRACRANIAL MENINGIOMAS COMPLICATED BY HYPERTENSION: FOUR CASE REPORTS. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou260.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
50
|
Wu JW, Xiao SX, Huo J, An JG, Ren JW. A novel frameshift mutation in the cylindromatosis (CYLD) gene in a Chinese family with multiple familial trichoepithelioma. Arch Dermatol Res 2014; 306:857-60. [PMID: 25234269 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-014-1499-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple familial trichoepithelioma (MFT) (OMIM: 601606) is an autosomal dominantly inherited disorder characterized by numerous, skin-colored papules and nodules with pilar differentiation. Recently, several mutations in the cylindromatosis (CYLD) gene have been reported in MFT. In this study, a mutation analysis of the CYLD was conducted in a Chinese pedigree of typical MFT. Affected individuals were identified through probands from Shanxi Province, China. Lesional skin biopsy of the proband revealed the typical histopathological characteristics of trichoepithelioma. Individuals belonging to five consecutive generations were similarly affected, which indicated an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes using standard phenol/chloroform extraction method. All the coding exons (4-20) and exon-intron boundaries of the CYLD gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Direct sequencing of all PCR products amplified from the complete coding regions of the CYLD gene was performed to identify mutations. Sequencing of the CYLD gene was performed in a further 100 unrelated, unaffected control individuals to exclude the possibility of polymorphism. A novel heterozygous frameshift mutation c.1169_1170delCA (p.Thr390Argfs) was identified in exon 10 of the CYLD gene in the affected family members. This mutation was also detected in unaffected family members, but not in the unrelated, healthy individuals who were also analyzed. Our study expands the database on the CYLD gene mutations in MFT and should be useful in providing genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis for families affected by MFT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J W Wu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xi Wu Road, Xi'an, 710004, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|