1
|
Lien CE, Liu MC, Wang NC, Liu LTC, Wu CC, Tang WH, Lian WC, Huang KYA, Chen C. Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of Booster Dose with MVC-COV1901 or MVC-COV1901-Beta SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Adults: A Phase I, Prospective, Randomized, Open-Labeled Study. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1798. [PMID: 38140202 PMCID: PMC10748207 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines based on variant strains have been in use as booster doses to update immunity against circulating variants. Here we present the results of a phase one prospective, randomized, and open-labeled trial to study the safety and immunogenicity of a booster dose consisting of a subunit vaccine based on the stabilized prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, MVC-COV1901, or its Beta version, MVC-COV1901-Beta. Participants aged ≥18 and <55 years who received two or three prior doses of MVC-COV1901 vaccines were enrolled and were to receive a booster dose of either 15 mcg of MVC-COV1901, 15 mcg, or 25 mcg of MVC-COV1901-Beta in a 1:1:1 ratio. Adverse reactions after either MVC-COV1901 or MVC-COV1901-Beta booster doses after two or three doses of MVC-COV1901 were comparable and mostly mild and transient. At four weeks after the booster dose, participants with two prior doses of MVC-COV1901 had higher levels of neutralizing antibodies against ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Beta, and Omicron variants than participants with three prior doses of MVC-COV1901, regardless of the type of booster used. MVC-COV1901 and MVC-COV1901-Beta can both be effectively used as booster doses against SARS-CoV-2, including the BA.4/BA.5 Omicron variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia En Lien
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Che Liu
- Clinical Research Centre, Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Chung-Chin Wu
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsuan Tang
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Lian
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei 114, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying A. Huang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Charles Chen
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou D, Qin L, Duyvesteyn HME, Zhao Y, Lin TY, Fry EE, Ren J, Huang KYA, Stuart DI. Switching of Receptor Binding Poses between Closely Related Enteroviruses. Viruses 2022; 14:2625. [PMID: 36560629 PMCID: PMC9781616 DOI: 10.3390/v14122625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Echoviruses, for which there are currently no approved vaccines or drugs, are responsible for a range of human diseases, for example echovirus 11 (E11) is a major cause of serious neonatal morbidity and mortality. Decay-accelerating factor (DAF, also known as CD55) is an attachment receptor for E11. Here, we report the structure of the complex of E11 and the full-length ectodomain of DAF (short consensus repeats, SCRs, 1-4) at 3.1 Å determined by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). SCRs 3 and 4 of DAF interact with E11 at the southern rim of the canyon via the VP2 EF and VP3 BC loops. We also observe an unexpected interaction between the N-linked glycan (residue 95 of DAF) and the VP2 BC loop of E11. DAF is a receptor for at least 20 enteroviruses and we classify its binding patterns from reported DAF/virus complexes into two distinct positions and orientations, named as E6 and E11 poses. Whilst 60 DAF molecules can attach to the virion in the E6 pose, no more than 30 can attach to E11 due to steric restrictions. Analysis of the distinct modes of interaction and structure and sequence-based phylogenies suggests that the two modes evolved independently, with the E6 mode likely found earlier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daming Zhou
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Ling Qin
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Helen M. E. Duyvesteyn
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Tzou-Yien Lin
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Elizabeth E. Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Kuan-Ying A. Huang
- Graduate Institute of Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - David I. Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd., Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu KT, Han YJ, Wu GH, Huang KYA, Huang PN. Overview of Neutralization Assays and International Standard for Detecting SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody. Viruses 2022; 14:v14071560. [PMID: 35891540 PMCID: PMC9322699 DOI: 10.3390/v14071560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to review the existing literature on the different types of neutralization assays and international standards for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We comprehensively summarized the serological assays for detecting neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrated the importance of an international standard for calibrating the measurement of neutralizing antibodies. Following the coronavirus disease outbreak in December 2019, there was an urgent demand to detect neutralizing antibodies in patients or vaccinated people to monitor disease outcomes and determine vaccine efficacy. Therefore, many approaches were developed to detect neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, such as microneutralization assay, SARS-CoV-2 pseudotype virus assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and rapid lateral flow assay. Given the many types of serological assays for quantifying the neutralizing antibody titer, the comparison of different assay results is a challenge. In 2020, the World Health Organization proposed the first international standard as a common unit to define neutralizing antibody titer and antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2. These standards are useful for comparing the results of different assays and laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ting Liu
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (K.-T.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (G.-H.W.); (K.-Y.A.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Han
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (K.-T.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (G.-H.W.); (K.-Y.A.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hong Wu
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (K.-T.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (G.-H.W.); (K.-Y.A.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying A. Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (K.-T.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (G.-H.W.); (K.-Y.A.H.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Nien Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (K.-T.L.); (Y.-J.H.); (G.-H.W.); (K.-Y.A.H.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- International Master Degree Program for Molecular Medicine in Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang KYA, Zhou D, Tan TK, Chen C, Duyvesteyn HME, Zhao Y, Ginn HM, Qin L, Rijal P, Schimanski L, Donat R, Harding A, Gilbert-Jaramillo J, James W, Tree JA, Buttigieg K, Carroll M, Charlton S, Lien CE, Lin MY, Chen CP, Cheng SH, Chen X, Lin TY, Fry EE, Ren J, Ma C, Townsend AR, Stuart DI. Structures and therapeutic potential of anti-RBD human monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Theranostics 2022; 12:1-17. [PMID: 34987630 PMCID: PMC8690919 DOI: 10.7150/thno.65563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Administration of potent anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) monoclonal antibodies has been shown to curtail viral shedding and reduce hospitalization in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the structure-function analysis of potent human anti-RBD monoclonal antibodies and its links to the formulation of antibody cocktails remains largely elusive. Methods: Previously, we isolated a panel of neutralizing anti-RBD monoclonal antibodies from convalescent patients and showed their neutralization efficacy in vitro. Here, we elucidate the mechanism of action of antibodies and dissect antibodies at the epitope level, which leads to a formation of a potent antibody cocktail. Results: We found that representative antibodies which target non-overlapping epitopes are effective against wild type virus and recently emerging variants of concern, whilst being encoded by antibody genes with few somatic mutations. Neutralization is associated with the inhibition of binding of viral RBD to ACE2 and possibly of the subsequent fusion process. Structural analysis of representative antibodies, by cryo-electron microscopy and crystallography, reveals that they have some unique aspects that are of potential value while sharing some features in common with previously reported neutralizing monoclonal antibodies. For instance, one has a common VH 3-53 public variable region yet is unusually resilient to mutation at residue 501 of the RBD. We evaluate the in vivo efficacy of an antibody cocktail consisting of two potent non-competing anti-RBD antibodies in a Syrian hamster model. We demonstrate that the cocktail prevents weight loss, reduces lung viral load and attenuates pulmonary inflammation in hamsters in both prophylactic and therapeutic settings. Although neutralization of one of these antibodies is abrogated by the mutations of variant B.1.351, it is also possible to produce a bi-valent cocktail of antibodies both of which are resilient to variants B.1.1.7, B.1.351 and B.1.617.2. Conclusions: These findings support the up-to-date and rational design of an anti-RBD antibody cocktail as a therapeutic candidate against COVID-19.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/genetics
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/pharmacology
- Binding Sites
- Binding, Competitive
- COVID-19/virology
- Cricetinae
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Dogs
- Epitopes
- Female
- Humans
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Neutralization Tests
- Protein Domains
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ying A. Huang
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Daming Zhou
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Charles Chen
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
- Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Helen M. E. Duyvesteyn
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M. Ginn
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Ling Qin
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Pramila Rijal
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Lisa Schimanski
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Donat
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam Harding
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Park Road, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - William James
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, South Park Road, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Julia A. Tree
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Karen Buttigieg
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Miles Carroll
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Sue Charlton
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Chia-En Lien
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meei-Yun Lin
- Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pin Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiaorui Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzou-Yien Lin
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Elizabeth E. Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alain R. Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - David I. Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Headington, Oxford, UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Dejnirattisai W, Huo J, Zhou D, Zahradník J, Supasa P, Liu C, Duyvesteyn HM, Ginn HM, Mentzer AJ, Tuekprakhon A, Nutalai R, Wang B, Dijokaite A, Khan S, Avinoam O, Bahar M, Skelly D, Adele S, Johnson SA, Amini A, Ritter T, Mason C, Dold C, Pan D, Assadi S, Bellass A, Omo-Dare N, Koeckerling D, Flaxman A, Jenkin D, Aley PK, Voysey M, Clemens SAC, Naveca FG, Nascimento V, Nascimento F, Fernandes da Costa C, Resende PC, Pauvolid-Correa A, Siqueira MM, Baillie V, Serafin N, Ditse Z, Da Silva K, Madhi S, Nunes MC, Malik T, Openshaw PJM, Baillie JK, Semple MG, Townsend AR, Huang KYA, Tan TK, Carroll MW, Klenerman P, Barnes E, Dunachie SJ, Constantinides B, Webster H, Crook D, Pollard AJ, Lambe T, Paterson NG, Williams MA, Hall DR, Fry EE, Mongkolsapaya J, Ren J, Schreiber G, Stuart DI, Screaton GR. Omicron-B.1.1.529 leads to widespread escape from neutralizing antibody responses. bioRxiv 2021:2021.12.03.471045. [PMID: 34981049 PMCID: PMC8722586 DOI: 10.1101/2021.12.03.471045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
On the 24 th November 2021 the sequence of a new SARS CoV-2 viral isolate spreading rapidly in Southern Africa was announced, containing far more mutations in Spike (S) than previously reported variants. Neutralization titres of Omicron by sera from vaccinees and convalescent subjects infected with early pandemic as well as Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta are substantially reduced or fail to neutralize. Titres against Omicron are boosted by third vaccine doses and are high in cases both vaccinated and infected by Delta. Mutations in Omicron knock out or substantially reduce neutralization by most of a large panel of potent monoclonal antibodies and antibodies under commercial development. Omicron S has structural changes from earlier viruses, combining mutations conferring tight binding to ACE2 to unleash evolution driven by immune escape, leading to a large number of mutations in the ACE2 binding site which rebalance receptor affinity to that of early pandemic viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanwisa Dejnirattisai
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiandong Huo
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Daming Zhou
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiří Zahradník
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Piyada Supasa
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chang Liu
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M.E. Duyvesteyn
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen M. Ginn
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Alexander J. Mentzer
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Aekkachai Tuekprakhon
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rungtiwa Nutalai
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Beibei Wang
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aiste Dijokaite
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Suman Khan
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ori Avinoam
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Mohammad Bahar
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Donal Skelly
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandra Adele
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Ali Amini
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas Ritter
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Chris Mason
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Dold
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Pan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust,
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester
| | - Sara Assadi
- Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust,
| | - Adam Bellass
- Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust,
| | - Nikki Omo-Dare
- Department of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust,
| | | | - Amy Flaxman
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Jenkin
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Parvinder K Aley
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Merryn Voysey
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sue Ann Costa Clemens
- Institute of Global Health, University of Siena, Siena, Brazil; Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Felipe Gomes Naveca
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Valdinete Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Nascimento
- Laboratório de Ecologia de Doenças Transmissíveis na Amazônia, Instituto Leônidas e Maria Deane, Fiocruz, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alex Pauvolid-Correa
- Laboratorio de vírus respiratórios- IOC/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | | | - Vicky Baillie
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Natali Serafin
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zanele Ditse
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kelly Da Silva
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Shabir Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Marta C Nunes
- South African Medical Research Council, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, South African Research Chair Initiative in Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tariq Malik
- National Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | | | - J Kenneth Baillie
- Genetics and Genomics, Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Malcolm G Semple
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alain R Townsend
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Kuan-Ying A. Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Miles W. Carroll
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Infection Service, Public Health England (PHE), Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Susanna J. Dunachie
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Oxford, UK
- Centre For Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand, Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Hermione Webster
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Derrick Crook
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Teresa Lambe
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Neil G. Paterson
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Mark A. Williams
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - David R. Hall
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Elizabeth E. Fry
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue & Emerging Pathogens, Dean Office for Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Thailand
- corresponding authors: , , , ,
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
- corresponding authors: , , , ,
| | - Gideon Schreiber
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- corresponding authors: , , , ,
| | - David I. Stuart
- Division of Structural Biology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science & Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
- Instruct-ERIC, Oxford House, Parkway Court, John Smith Drive, Oxford, UK
- corresponding authors: , , , ,
| | - Gavin R Screaton
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- corresponding authors: , , , ,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hastie KM, Li H, Bedinger D, Schendel SL, Dennison SM, Li K, Rayaprolu V, Yu X, Mann C, Zandonatti M, Diaz Avalos R, Zyla D, Buck T, Hui S, Shaffer K, Hariharan C, Yin J, Olmedillas E, Enriquez A, Parekh D, Abraha M, Feeney E, Horn GQ, Aldon Y, Ali H, Aracic S, Cobb RR, Federman RS, Fernandez JM, Glanville J, Green R, Grigoryan G, Lujan Hernandez AG, Ho DD, Huang KYA, Ingraham J, Jiang W, Kellam P, Kim C, Kim M, Kim HM, Kong C, Krebs SJ, Lan F, Lang G, Lee S, Leung CL, Liu J, Lu Y, MacCamy A, McGuire AT, Palser AL, Rabbitts TH, Rikhtegaran Tehrani Z, Sajadi MM, Sanders RW, Sato AK, Schweizer L, Seo J, Shen B, Snitselaar JL, Stamatatos L, Tan Y, Tomic MT, van Gils MJ, Youssef S, Yu J, Yuan TZ, Zhang Q, Peters B, Tomaras GD, Germann T, Saphire EO. Defining variant-resistant epitopes targeted by SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: A global consortium study. Science 2021; 374:472-478. [PMID: 34554826 PMCID: PMC9302186 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh2315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-based therapeutics and vaccines are essential to combat COVID-19 morbidity and mortality after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Multiple mutations in SARS-CoV-2 that could impair antibody defenses propagated in human-to-human transmission and spillover or spillback events between humans and animals. To develop prevention and therapeutic strategies, we formed an international consortium to map the epitope landscape on the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, defining and structurally illustrating seven receptor binding domain (RBD)–directed antibody communities with distinct footprints and competition profiles. Pseudovirion-based neutralization assays reveal spike mutations, individually and clustered together in variants, that affect antibody function among the communities. Key classes of RBD-targeted antibodies maintain neutralization activity against these emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. These results provide a framework for selecting antibody treatment cocktails and understanding how viral variants might affect antibody therapeutic efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Hastie
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Haoyang Li
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniel Bedinger
- Carterra, 825 N. 300 W. Ste C309, Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA
| | - Sharon L. Schendel
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - S. Moses Dennison
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Kan Li
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Vamseedhar Rayaprolu
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiaoying Yu
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Colin Mann
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michelle Zandonatti
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ruben Diaz Avalos
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Dawid Zyla
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tierra Buck
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sean Hui
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kelly Shaffer
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chitra Hariharan
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Eduardo Olmedillas
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Adrian Enriquez
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Diptiben Parekh
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Milite Abraha
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Elizabeth Feeney
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Gillian Q. Horn
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - CoVIC-DB team1
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Carterra, 825 N. 300 W. Ste C309, Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Quadrucept Bio, Ltd., Cambridge CB23 6DW, UK
- Myrio Therapeutics Pty, Ltd., 1 Dalmore Drive, Scoresby, VIC 3179, Australia
- National Resilience, Inc., 13200 NW Nano Ct., Alachua, FL 32615, USA
- Generate Biomedicines, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Activemotif, Inc., 1914 Palomar Oaks Way, Suite 150, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
- Centivax, Inc., 201 Gateway Blvd., Floor 1, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Twist Bioscience, 681 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 701 West 168th St., HHSC 1102, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., 9/F, Innov Tower, Zone A, no. 1801 Hongmei Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
- Kymab, Ltd., The Bennet Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
- Celltrion, Inc., Department of Research and Development, 23 Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Sanyou Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., no. 188 Xinjunhuan Road, Building 6B-C, 3rd Floor, Minhang District, Shanghai 201114, China
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- AbCipher Biotechnology, 188 Xinjun Ring Road, Building 2, 4th Floor, Minhang District, Shanghai 201114, China
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute of Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, London SM2 5NG, UK
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- HiFiBiO, Inc., 237 Putnam Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- National Resilience, Inc., 2061 Challenger Dr., Alameda, CA 94501, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yoann Aldon
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanif Ali
- Quadrucept Bio, Ltd., Cambridge CB23 6DW, UK
| | - Sanja Aracic
- Myrio Therapeutics Pty, Ltd., 1 Dalmore Drive, Scoresby, VIC 3179, Australia
| | - Ronald R. Cobb
- National Resilience, Inc., 13200 NW Nano Ct., Alachua, FL 32615, USA
| | - Ross S. Federman
- Generate Biomedicines, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joseph M. Fernandez
- Activemotif, Inc., 1914 Palomar Oaks Way, Suite 150, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
| | - Jacob Glanville
- Centivax, Inc., 201 Gateway Blvd., Floor 1, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Robin Green
- Generate Biomedicines, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gevorg Grigoryan
- Generate Biomedicines, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - David D. Ho
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 701 West 168th St., HHSC 1102, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kuan-Ying A. Huang
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - John Ingraham
- Generate Biomedicines, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Weidong Jiang
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., 9/F, Innov Tower, Zone A, no. 1801 Hongmei Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Paul Kellam
- Kymab, Ltd., The Bennet Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Cheolmin Kim
- Celltrion, Inc., Department of Research and Development, 23 Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Celltrion, Inc., Department of Research and Development, 23 Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Mi Kim
- Celltrion, Inc., Department of Research and Development, 23 Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chao Kong
- Sanyou Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., no. 188 Xinjunhuan Road, Building 6B-C, 3rd Floor, Minhang District, Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Shelly J. Krebs
- Emerging Infectious Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Fei Lan
- Activemotif, Inc., 1914 Palomar Oaks Way, Suite 150, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guojun Lang
- Sanyou Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., no. 188 Xinjunhuan Road, Building 6B-C, 3rd Floor, Minhang District, Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Sooyoung Lee
- Celltrion, Inc., Department of Research and Development, 23 Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheuk Lun Leung
- Generate Biomedicines, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Junli Liu
- Shanghai Henlius Biotech, Inc., 9/F, Innov Tower, Zone A, no. 1801 Hongmei Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Lu
- Activemotif, Inc., 1914 Palomar Oaks Way, Suite 150, Carlsbad, CA 92008, USA
- AbCipher Biotechnology, 188 Xinjun Ring Road, Building 2, 4th Floor, Minhang District, Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Anna MacCamy
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew T. McGuire
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anne L. Palser
- Kymab, Ltd., The Bennet Building, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Terence H. Rabbitts
- Quadrucept Bio, Ltd., Cambridge CB23 6DW, UK
- Institute of Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Drug Discovery, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Zahra Rikhtegaran Tehrani
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mohammad M. Sajadi
- Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Rogier W. Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Aaron K. Sato
- Twist Bioscience, 681 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Jimin Seo
- Celltrion, Inc., Department of Research and Development, 23 Academy-ro Yeonsu-gu Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bingqing Shen
- HiFiBiO, Inc., 237 Putnam Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jonne L. Snitselaar
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leonidas Stamatatos
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Division, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yongcong Tan
- Sanyou Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., no. 188 Xinjunhuan Road, Building 6B-C, 3rd Floor, Minhang District, Shanghai 201114, China
| | - Milan T. Tomic
- National Resilience, Inc., 2061 Challenger Dr., Alameda, CA 94501, USA
| | - Marit J. van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sawsan Youssef
- Centivax, Inc., 201 Gateway Blvd., Floor 1, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Jian Yu
- Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 701 West 168th St., HHSC 1102, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tom Z. Yuan
- Twist Bioscience, 681 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- HiFiBiO, Inc., 237 Putnam Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Center for Human Systems Immunology, Departments of Surgery, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and Microbiology and Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Timothy Germann
- Carterra, 825 N. 300 W. Ste C309, Salt Lake City, UT 84103, USA
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhuang X, Tsukuda S, Wrensch F, Wing PA, Schilling M, Harris JM, Borrmann H, Morgan SB, Cane JL, Mailly L, Thakur N, Conceicao C, Sanghani H, Heydmann L, Bach C, Ashton A, Walsh S, Tan TK, Schimanski L, Huang KYA, Schuster C, Watashi K, Hinks TS, Jagannath A, Vausdevan SR, Bailey D, Baumert TF, McKeating JA. The circadian clock component BMAL1 regulates SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication in lung epithelial cells. iScience 2021; 24:103144. [PMID: 34545347 PMCID: PMC8443536 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) coronavirus, is a global health issue with unprecedented challenges for public health. SARS-CoV-2 primarily infects cells of the respiratory tract via spike glycoprotein binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2). Circadian rhythms coordinate an organism's response to its environment and can regulate host susceptibility to virus infection. We demonstrate that silencing the circadian regulator Bmal1 or treating lung epithelial cells with the REV-ERB agonist SR9009 reduces ACE2 expression and inhibits SARS-CoV-2 entry and replication. Importantly, treating infected cells with SR9009 limits SARS-CoV-2 replication and secretion of infectious particles, showing that post-entry steps in the viral life cycle are influenced by the circadian system. Transcriptome analysis revealed that Bmal1 silencing induced interferon-stimulated gene transcripts in Calu-3 lung epithelial cells, providing a mechanism for the circadian pathway to limit SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our study highlights alternative approaches to understand and improve therapeutic targeting of SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Zhuang
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Senko Tsukuda
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Florian Wrensch
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France and INSERM, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
| | - Peter A.C. Wing
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mirjam Schilling
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James M. Harris
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helene Borrmann
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sophie B. Morgan
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Jennifer L. Cane
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Laurent Mailly
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France and INSERM, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nazia Thakur
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - Carina Conceicao
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - Harshmeena Sanghani
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura Heydmann
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France and INSERM, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
| | - Charlotte Bach
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France and INSERM, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anna Ashton
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Steven Walsh
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford 17 OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Lisa Schimanski
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford 17 OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Kuan-Ying A. Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University and Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Catherine Schuster
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France and INSERM, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Science, Noda 278-8510, Japan
| | - Timothy S.C. Hinks
- Respiratory Medicine Unit and National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Aarti Jagannath
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Dalan Bailey
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France and INSERM, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
- Pole Hépato-digestif, IHU, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jane A. McKeating
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang KYA, Tan TK, Chen TH, Huang CG, Harvey R, Hussain S, Chen CP, Harding A, Gilbert-Jaramillo J, Liu X, Knight M, Schimanski L, Shih SR, Lin YC, Cheng CY, Cheng SH, Huang YC, Lin TY, Jan JT, Ma C, James W, Daniels RS, McCauley JW, Rijal P, Townsend AR. Breadth and function of antibody response to acute SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009352. [PMID: 33635919 PMCID: PMC8130932 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Serological and plasmablast responses and plasmablast-derived IgG monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been analysed in three COVID-19 patients with different clinical severities. Potent humoral responses were detected within 3 weeks of onset of illness in all patients and the serological titre was elicited soon after or concomitantly with peripheral plasmablast response. An average of 13.7% and 3.5% of plasmablast-derived MAbs were reactive with virus spike glycoprotein or nucleocapsid, respectively. A subset of anti-spike (10 of 32) antibodies cross-reacted with other betacoronaviruses tested and harboured extensive somatic mutations, indicative of an expansion of memory B cells upon SARS-CoV-2 infection. Fourteen of 32 anti-spike MAbs, including five anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD), three anti-non-RBD S1 and six anti-S2, neutralised wild-type SARS-CoV-2 in independent assays. Anti-RBD MAbs were further grouped into four cross-inhibiting clusters, of which six antibodies from three separate clusters blocked the binding of RBD to ACE2 and five were neutralising. All ACE2-blocking anti-RBD antibodies were isolated from two recovered patients with prolonged fever, which is compatible with substantial ACE2-blocking response in their sera. Finally, the identification of non-competing pairs of neutralising antibodies would offer potential templates for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic agents against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ying A. Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tiong Kit Tan
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ting-Hua Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Guei Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ruth Harvey
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Saira Hussain
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng-Pin Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Adam Harding
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Xu Liu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Knight
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Schimanski
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Lin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yu Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan, and Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzou-Yien Lin
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Tsrong Jan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Che Ma
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - William James
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rodney S. Daniels
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - John W. McCauley
- Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pramila Rijal
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alain R. Townsend
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Translational Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Huang KYA, Huang PN, Huang YC, Yang SL, Tsao KC, Chiu CH, Shih SR, Lin TY. Emergence of genotype C1 Enterovirus A71 and its link with antigenic variation of virus in Taiwan. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008857. [PMID: 32936838 PMCID: PMC7521691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of the hand-foot-mouth disease with severe neurological cases, mainly caused by the genotype C1 enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), occurred in Taiwan between 2018 and early 2019. In the recent decade, the most dominant EV-A71 genotypes in Taiwan were B5 and C4 but changed to C1 in 2018. Antibody-mediated immunity plays a key role in limiting the EV-A71 illness in humans. However, the level of neutralizing activities against genotype C1 virus by human polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) remains largely unclear. In the study, we demonstrated that that 39% (9 in 23) of post-infection sera from the genotype B5- or C4-infected patients in 2014–2017 exhibit reduced titers with the 2018–2019 genotype C1 viruses than with the earlier B5 and C4 viruses tested. This finding with polyclonal sera is confirmed with human MAbs derived from genotype B5 virus-infected individuals. The 2018–2019 genotype C1 virus is resistant to the majority of canyon-targeting human MAbs, which may be associated with the residue change near or at the bottom of the canyon region on the viral capsid. The remaining three antibodies (16-2-11B, 16-3-4D, and 17-1-12A), which target VP1 S241 on the 5-fold vertex, VP3 E81 on the 3-fold plateau and VP2 D84 on the 2-fold plateau of genotype C1 viral capsid, respectively, retained neutralizing activities with variable potencies. These neutralizing antibodies were also found to be protective against a lethal challenge of the 2018–2019 genotype C1 virus in an hSCARB2-transgenic mice model. These results indicate that the EV-A71-specific antibody response may consist of a fraction of poorly neutralizing antibodies against 2018–2019 genotype C1 viruses among a subset of previously infected individuals. Epitope mapping of protective antibodies that recognize the emerging genotype C1 virus has implications for anti-EV-A71 MAbs and the vaccine field. EV-A71 is a cause of hand-foot-mouth disease, epidemics of which still regularly occur around the globe. Given that EV-A71 immune protection from the disease correlates with neutralizing antibody responses, but the responses in humans prior to an outbreak are still poorly understood. An outbreak of hand-foot-mouth disease among children emerged in Taiwan from 2018 to 2019, and genotype C1 EV-A71 caused most of the cases. Here, we characterized EV-A71-neutralizing antibody profiles in details at both the serological and monoclonal levels and showed that antibodies generated by humans prior to the emergence of genotype C1 EV-A71 less effectively neutralize C1 compared to the prior circulating genotypes, which implies the presence of antigenic variation in the EV-A71 genotypes. We further identified and mapped critical neutralizing epitopes of 2018–2019 genotype C1 EV-A71 on the top and margin of the viral capsid pentamer and demonstrated the in vivo protective effect of human monoclonal antibodies, which highlight the properties of human antibody-neutralizing sites on EV-A71 and the potential of human antibodies as antiviral agents.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/genetics
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/genetics
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Enterovirus A, Human/genetics
- Enterovirus A, Human/immunology
- Enterovirus A, Human/isolation & purification
- Female
- Genetic Variation
- Genome, Viral
- Genotype
- Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/epidemiology
- Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/genetics
- Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/immunology
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Taiwan
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ying A. Huang
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KYAH); (TYL)
| | - Peng-Nien Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Yang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chien Tsao
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Ru Shih
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Tzou-Yien Lin
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (KYAH); (TYL)
| |
Collapse
|