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Izadi A, Karami Y, Bratanis E, Wrighton S, Khakzad H, Nyblom M, Olofsson B, Happonen L, Tang D, Sundwall M, Godzwon M, Chao Y, Toledo AG, Schmidt T, Ohlin M, Nilges M, Malmström J, Bahnan W, Shannon O, Malmström L, Nordenfelt P. The hinge-engineered IgG1-IgG3 hybrid subclass IgGh 47 potently enhances Fc-mediated function of anti-streptococcal and SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3600. [PMID: 38678029 PMCID: PMC11055898 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47928-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes can cause invasive disease with high mortality despite adequate antibiotic treatments. To address this unmet need, we have previously generated an opsonic IgG1 monoclonal antibody, Ab25, targeting the bacterial M protein. Here, we engineer the IgG2-4 subclasses of Ab25. Despite having reduced binding, the IgG3 version promotes stronger phagocytosis of bacteria. Using atomic simulations, we show that IgG3's Fc tail has extensive movement in 3D space due to its extended hinge region, possibly facilitating interactions with immune cells. We replaced the hinge of IgG1 with four different IgG3-hinge segment subclasses, IgGhxx. Hinge-engineering does not diminish binding as with IgG3 but enhances opsonic function, where a 47 amino acid hinge is comparable to IgG3 in function. IgGh47 shows improved protection against S. pyogenes in a systemic infection mouse model, suggesting that IgGh47 has promise as a preclinical therapeutic candidate. Importantly, the enhanced opsonic function of IgGh47 is generalizable to diverse S. pyogenes strains from clinical isolates. We generated IgGh47 versions of anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs to broaden the biological applicability, and these also exhibit strongly enhanced opsonic function compared to the IgG1 subclass. The improved function of the IgGh47 subclass in two distant biological systems provides new insights into antibody function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Izadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yasaman Karami
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, F-54000, Nancy, France
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris cite, CNRS UMR3528, Structural Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Eleni Bratanis
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sebastian Wrighton
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hamed Khakzad
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Maria Nyblom
- Department of Biology & Lund Protein Production Platform (LP3), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Berit Olofsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lotta Happonen
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Di Tang
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Sundwall
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Godzwon
- Department of Immunotechnology and SciLifeLab Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yashuan Chao
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alejandro Gomez Toledo
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Division of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mats Ohlin
- Department of Immunotechnology and SciLifeLab Drug Discovery and Development Platform, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Nilges
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris cite, CNRS UMR3528, Structural Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Structural Biology and Chemistry, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Johan Malmström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wael Bahnan
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oonagh Shannon
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Section for Oral Biology and Pathology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars Malmström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Pontus Nordenfelt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Microbiology, Skåne University Hospital Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Kettisen K, Nyblom M, Smeds E, Fago A, Bülow L. Structural and oxidative investigation of a recombinant high-yielding fetal hemoglobin mutant. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1133985. [PMID: 37006610 PMCID: PMC10060959 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1133985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is an attractive starting protein for developing an effective agent for oxygen therapeutics applications. This requires that HbF can be produced in heterologous systems at high levels and in a homogeneous form. The introduction of negative charges on the surface of the α-chain in HbF can enhance the recombinant production yield of a functional protein in Escherichia coli. In this study, we characterized the structural, biophysical, and biological properties of an HbF mutant carrying four additional negative charges on each α-chain (rHbFα4). The 3D structure of the rHbFα4 mutant was solved with X-ray crystallography at 1.6 Å resolution. Apart from enabling a higher yield in recombinant protein production in E. coli, we observed that the normal DNA cleavage activity of the HbF was significantly lowered, with a four-time reduced rate constant for the rHbFα4 mutant. The oxygen-binding properties of the rHbFα4 mutant were identical to the wild-type protein. No significant difference between the wild-type and rHbFα4 was observed for the investigated oxidation rates (autoxidation and H2O2-mediated ferryl formation). However, the ferryl reduction reaction indicated some differences, which appear to be related to the reaction rates linked to the α-chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Kettisen
- Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Nyblom
- Lund Protein Production Platform, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Emanuel Smeds
- Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Angela Fago
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Leif Bülow
- Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Leif Bülow,
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Kozielski F, Sele C, Talibov VO, Lou J, Dong D, Wang Q, Shi X, Nyblom M, Rogstam A, Krojer T, Fisher Z, Knecht W. Identification of fragments binding to SARS-CoV-2 nsp10 reveals ligand-binding sites in conserved interfaces between nsp10 and nsp14/nsp16. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:44-55. [PMID: 35128408 PMCID: PMC8729259 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00135c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in 2019, Covid-19 has developed into a serious threat to our health, social and economic systems. Although vaccines have been developed in a tour-de-force and are now increasingly available, repurposing of existing drugs has been less successful. There is a clear need to develop new drugs against SARS-CoV-2 that can also be used against future coronavirus infections. Non-structural protein 10 (nsp10) is a conserved stimulator of two enzymes crucial for viral replication, nsp14 and nsp16, exhibiting exoribonuclease and methyltransferase activities. Interfering with RNA proofreading or RNA cap formation represents intervention strategies to inhibit replication. We applied fragment-based screening using nano differential scanning fluorometry and X-ray crystallography to identify ligands targeting SARS-CoV-2 nsp10. We identified four fragments located in two distinct sites: one can be modelled to where it would be located in the nsp14-nsp10 complex interface and the other in the nsp16-nsp10 complex interface. Microscale thermophoresis (MST) experiments were used to quantify fragment affinities for nsp10. Additionally, we showed by MST that the interaction by nsp14 and 10 is weak and thereby that complex formation could be disrupted by small molecules. The fragments will serve as starting points for the development of more potent analogues using fragment growing techniques and structure-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Kozielski
- School of Pharmacy, University College London 29-39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Céleste Sele
- Department of Biology & Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University Sölvegatan 35 22362 Lund Sweden +46 46 2227785
| | | | - Jiaqi Lou
- School of Pharmacy, University College London 29-39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Danni Dong
- School of Pharmacy, University College London 29-39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, University College London 29-39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Xinyue Shi
- School of Pharmacy, University College London 29-39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Maria Nyblom
- Department of Biology & Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University Sölvegatan 35 22362 Lund Sweden +46 46 2227785
| | - Annika Rogstam
- Department of Biology & Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University Sölvegatan 35 22362 Lund Sweden +46 46 2227785
| | - Tobias Krojer
- BioMAX beamline, MAX IV Laboratory Fotongatan 2 22484 Lund Sweden
| | - Zoë Fisher
- Department of Biology & Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University Sölvegatan 35 22362 Lund Sweden +46 46 2227785
- European Spallation Source ERIC P.O. Box 176 22100 Lund Sweden +46 721792250
| | - Wolfgang Knecht
- Department of Biology & Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University Sölvegatan 35 22362 Lund Sweden +46 46 2227785
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Rogstam A, Nyblom M, Christensen S, Sele C, Talibov VO, Lindvall T, Rasmussen AA, André I, Fisher Z, Knecht W, Kozielski F. Crystal Structure of Non-Structural Protein 10 from Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197375. [PMID: 33036230 PMCID: PMC7583907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19), emerged at the end of 2019 and quickly spread to cause a global pandemic with severe socio-economic consequences. The early sequencing of its RNA genome revealed its high similarity to SARS, likely to have originated from bats. The SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein 10 (nsp10) displays high sequence similarity with its SARS homologue, which binds to and stimulates the 3'-to-5' exoribonuclease and the 2'-O-methlytransferase activities of nsps 14 and 16, respectively. Here, we report the biophysical characterization and 1.6 Å resolution structure of the unbound form of nsp10 from SARS-CoV-2 and compare it to the structures of its SARS homologue and the complex-bound form with nsp16 from SARS-CoV-2. The crystal structure and solution behaviour of nsp10 will not only form the basis for understanding the role of SARS-CoV-2 nsp10 as a central player of the viral RNA capping apparatus, but will also serve as a basis for the development of inhibitors of nsp10, interfering with crucial functions of the replication-transcription complex and virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Rogstam
- Department of Biology & Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (A.R.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (T.L.); (A.A.R.); (Z.F.); (W.K.)
| | - Maria Nyblom
- Department of Biology & Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (A.R.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (T.L.); (A.A.R.); (Z.F.); (W.K.)
| | - Signe Christensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 26, 22241 Lund, Sweden; (S.C.); (I.A.)
| | - Celeste Sele
- Department of Biology & Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (A.R.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (T.L.); (A.A.R.); (Z.F.); (W.K.)
| | | | - Therese Lindvall
- Department of Biology & Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (A.R.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (T.L.); (A.A.R.); (Z.F.); (W.K.)
| | - Anna Andersson Rasmussen
- Department of Biology & Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (A.R.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (T.L.); (A.A.R.); (Z.F.); (W.K.)
| | - Ingemar André
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Lund University, Naturvetarvägen 26, 22241 Lund, Sweden; (S.C.); (I.A.)
| | - Zoë Fisher
- Department of Biology & Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (A.R.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (T.L.); (A.A.R.); (Z.F.); (W.K.)
- Scientific Activities Division, Science Directorate, European Spallation Source ERIC, Box 176, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Knecht
- Department of Biology & Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden; (A.R.); (M.N.); (C.S.); (T.L.); (A.A.R.); (Z.F.); (W.K.)
| | - Frank Kozielski
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
- Correspondence:
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Lima GMA, Talibov VO, Jagudin E, Sele C, Nyblom M, Knecht W, Logan DT, Sjögren T, Mueller U. FragMAX: the fragment-screening platform at the MAX IV Laboratory. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2020; 76:771-777. [PMID: 32744259 PMCID: PMC7397489 DOI: 10.1107/s205979832000889x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in synchrotron storage rings and beamline automation have pushed data-collection rates to thousands of data sets per week. With this increase in throughput, massive projects such as in-crystal fragment screening have become accessible to a larger number of research groups. The quality of support offered at large-scale facilities allows medicinal chemistry-focused or biochemistry-focused groups to supplement their research with structural biology. Preparing the experiment, analysing multiple data sets and prospecting for interesting complexes of protein and fragments require, for both newcomers and experienced users, efficient management of the project and extensive computational power for data processing and structure refinement. Here, FragMAX, a new complete platform for fragment screening at the BioMAX beamline of the MAX IV Laboratory, is described. The ways in which users are assisted in X-ray-based fragment screenings and in which the fourth-generation storage ring available at the facility is best exploited are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elmir Jagudin
- BioMAX, MAX IV Laboratory, Fotongatan 2, 224 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Céleste Sele
- Department of Biology and Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Nyblom
- Department of Biology and Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Knecht
- Department of Biology and Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden
| | - Derek T. Logan
- Department of Biology and Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, Scheeletorget 1, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tove Sjögren
- Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 83 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Uwe Mueller
- Macromolecular Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Koruza K, Lafumat B, Nyblom M, Mahon BP, Knecht W, McKenna R, Fisher SZ. Structural comparison of protiated, H/D-exchanged and deuterated human carbonic anhydrase IX. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2019; 75:895-903. [PMID: 31588921 PMCID: PMC6778848 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798319010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the X-ray crystal structures of four different deuterium-labelled versions of a surface variant of human carbonic anhydrase IX are compared and discussed. The results show that the overall structure and active-site organization of each version are essentially the same, paving the way for future neutron protein crystallography studies. Human carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) expression is upregulated in hypoxic solid tumours, promoting cell survival and metastasis. This observation has made CA IX a target for the development of CA isoform-selective inhibitors. To enable structural studies of CA IX–inhibitor complexes using X-ray and neutron crystallography, a CA IX surface variant (CA IXSV; the catalytic domain with six surface amino-acid substitutions) has been developed that can be routinely crystallized. Here, the preparation of protiated (H/H), H/D-exchanged (H/D) and deuterated (D/D) CA IXSV for crystallographic studies and their structural comparison are described. Four CA IXSV X-ray crystal structures are compared: two H/H crystal forms, an H/D crystal form and a D/D crystal form. The overall active-site organization in each version is essentially the same, with only minor positional changes in active-site solvent, which may be owing to deuteration and/or resolution differences. Analysis of the crystal contacts and packing reveals different arrangements of CA IXSV compared with previous reports. To our knowledge, this is the first report comparing three different deuterium-labelled crystal structures of the same protein, marking an important step in validating the active-site structure of CA IXSV for neutron protein crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Koruza
- Department of Biology and Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - B Lafumat
- Department of Biology and Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - M Nyblom
- Department of Biology and Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - B P Mahon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - W Knecht
- Department of Biology and Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
| | - R McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - S Z Fisher
- Department of Biology and Lund Protein Production Platform, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35, 223 62 Lund, Sweden
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Nyblom M, Poulsen H, Gourdon P, Reinhard L, Andersson M, Lindahl E, Fedosova N, Nissen P. Crystal structure of Na+, K(+)-ATPase in the Na(+)-bound state. Science 2013; 342:123-7. [PMID: 24051246 DOI: 10.1126/science.1243352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Na(+), K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) maintains the electrochemical gradients of Na(+) and K(+) across the plasma membrane--a prerequisite for electrical excitability and secondary transport. Hitherto, structural information has been limited to K(+)-bound or ouabain-blocked forms. We present the crystal structure of a Na(+)-bound Na(+), K(+)-ATPase as determined at 4.3 Å resolution. Compared with the K(+)-bound form, large conformational changes are observed in the α subunit whereas the β and γ subunit structures are maintained. The locations of the three Na(+) sites are indicated with the unique site III at the recently suggested IIIb, as further supported by electrophysiological studies on leak currents. Extracellular release of the third Na(+) from IIIb through IIIa, followed by exchange of Na(+) for K(+) at sites I and II, is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nyblom
- Centre for Membrane Pumps in Cells and Disease-PUMPkin, Danish National Research Foundation, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Reinhard L, Nyblom M, Lindholt J, Petersen J, Gourdon P, Vilsen B, Nissen P. New structural insights into the sodium pump. Acta Crystallogr A 2012. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767312097668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Liu XY, Gourdon P, Andersen JL, Bublitz M, Pedersen BP, Yatime L, Nyblom M, Olesen C, Møller JV, Nissen P, Morth JP. A systematic approach to membrane protein crystallization in bilayers. Acta Crystallogr A 2010. [DOI: 10.1107/s010876731009971x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Oberg F, Ekvall M, Nyblom M, Backmark A, Neutze R, Hedfalk K. Insight into factors directing high production of eukaryotic membrane proteins; production of 13 human AQPs in Pichia pastoris. Mol Membr Biol 2009; 26:215-27. [PMID: 19384754 DOI: 10.1080/09687680902862085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Membrane proteins are key players in all living cells. To achieve a better understanding of membrane protein function, significant amounts of purified protein are required for functional and structural analyses. Overproduction of eukaryotic membrane proteins, in particular, is thus an essential yet non-trivial task. Hence, improved understanding of factors which direct a high production of eukaryotic membrane proteins is desirable. In this study we have compared the overproduction of all human aquaporins in the eukaryotic host Pichia pastoris. We report quantitated production levels of each homologue and the extent of their membrane localization. Our results show that the protein production levels vary substantially, even between highly homologous aquaporins. A correlation between the extents of membrane insertion with protein function also emerged, with a higher extent of membrane insertion for pure water transporters compared to aquaporin family members with other substrate specificity. Nevertheless, the nucleic acid sequence of the second codon appears to play an important role in overproduction. Constructs containing guanine at the first position of this codon (being part of the mammalian Kozak sequence) are generally produced at a higher level, which is confirmed for hAQP8. In addition, mimicking the yeast consensus sequence (ATGTCT) apparently has a negative influence on the production level, as shown for hAQP1. Moreover, by mutational analysis we show that the yield of hAQP4 can be heavily improved by directing the protein folding pathway as well as stabilizing the aquaporin tetramer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Oberg
- Department of Chemistry/Biochemistry, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
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Backmark A, Nyblom M, Törnroth-Horsefield S, Kosinska-Eriksson U, Nordén K, Fellert M, Kjellbom P, Johanson U, Hedfalk K, Lindkvist-Petersson K, Neutze R, Horsefield R. Affinity tags can reduce merohedral twinning of membrane protein crystals. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2008; 64:1183-6. [PMID: 19020358 DOI: 10.1107/s090744490802948x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2008] [Accepted: 09/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This work presents a comparison of the crystal packing of three eukaryotic membrane proteins: human aquaporin 1, human aquaporin 5 and a spinach plasma membrane aquaporin. All were purified from expression constructs both with and without affinity tags. With the exception of tagged aquaporin 1, all constructs yielded crystals. Two significant effects of the affinity tags were observed: crystals containing a tag typically diffracted to lower resolution than those from constructs encoding the protein sequence alone and constructs without a tag frequently produced crystals that suffered from merohedral twinning. Twinning is a challenging crystallographic problem that can seriously hinder solution of the structure. Thus, for integral membrane proteins, the addition of an affinity tag may help to disrupt the approximate symmetry of the protein and thereby reduce or avoid merohedral twinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Backmark
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, PO Box 462, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Wöhri AB, Johansson LC, Wadsten-Hindrichsen P, Wahlgren WY, Fischer G, Horsefield R, Katona G, Nyblom M, Oberg F, Young G, Cogdell RJ, Fraser NJ, Engström S, Neutze R. A lipidic-sponge phase screen for membrane protein crystallization. Structure 2008; 16:1003-9. [PMID: 18611373 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2008] [Revised: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A major current deficit in structural biology is the lack of high-resolution structures of eukaryotic membrane proteins, many of which are key drug targets for the treatment of disease. Numerous eukaryotic membrane proteins require specific lipids for their stability and activity, and efforts to crystallize and solve the structures of membrane proteins that do not address the issue of lipids frequently end in failure rather than success. To help address this problem, we have developed a sparse matrix crystallization screen consisting of 48 lipidic-sponge phase conditions. Sponge phases form liquid lipid bilayer environments which are suitable for conventional hanging- and sitting-drop crystallization experiments. Using the sponge phase screen, we obtained crystals of several different membrane proteins from bacterial and eukaryotic sources. We also demonstrate how the screen may be manipulated by incorporating specific lipids such as cholesterol; this modification led to crystals being recovered from a bacterial photosynthetic core complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie B Wöhri
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Molecular Biotechnology, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Johansson L, Wohri A, Wadsten-Hindrichsen P, Wahlgren W, Fischer G, Horsefield R, Katona G, Nyblom M, Oberg F, Young G, Cogdell R, Fraser N, Engstrom S, Neutze R. Development of a lipidic-sponge phase screen for membrane protein crystallization. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308081282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Nyblom M, Oberg F, Lindkvist-Petersson K, Hallgren K, Findlay H, Wikström J, Karlsson A, Hansson O, Booth PJ, Bill RM, Neutze R, Hedfalk K. Exceptional overproduction of a functional human membrane protein. Protein Expr Purif 2007; 56:110-20. [PMID: 17869538 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2007.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic--especially human--membrane protein overproduction remains a major challenge in biochemistry. Heterologously overproduced and purified proteins provide a starting point for further biochemical, biophysical and structural studies, and the lack of sufficient quantities of functional membrane proteins is frequently a bottleneck hindering this. Here, we report exceptionally high production levels of a correctly folded and crystallisable recombinant human integral membrane protein in its active form; human aquaporin 1 (hAQP1) has been heterologously produced in the membranes of the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. After solubilisation and a two step purification procedure, at least 90 mg hAQP1 per liter of culture is obtained. Water channel activity of this purified hAQP1 was verified by reconstitution into proteoliposomes and performing stopped-flow vesicle shrinkage measurements. Mass spectrometry confirmed the identity of hAQP1 in crude membrane preparations, and also from purified protein reconstituted into proteoliposomes. Furthermore, crystallisation screens yielded diffraction quality crystals of untagged recombinant hAQP1. This study illustrates the power of the yeast P. pastoris as a host to produce exceptionally high yields of a functionally active, human integral membrane protein for subsequent functional and structural characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nyblom
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Hedfalk K, Törnroth-Horsefield S, Nyblom M, Johanson U, Kjellbom P, Neutze R. Aquaporin gating. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2006; 16:447-56. [PMID: 16837191 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2006.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Revised: 06/02/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An acceleration in the rate at which new aquaporin structures are determined means that structural models are now available for mammalian AQP0, AQP1, AQP2 and AQP4, bacterial GlpF, AqpM and AQPZ, and the plant SoPIP2;1. With an apparent consensus emerging concerning the mechanism of selective water transport and proton extrusion, emphasis has shifted towards the issues of substrate selectivity and the mechanisms of aquaporin regulation. In particular, recently determined structures of plant SoPIP2;1, sheep and bovine AQP0, and Escherichia coli AQPZ provide new insights into the underlying structural mechanisms by which water transport rates are regulated in diverse organisms. From these results, two distinct pictures of 'capping' and 'pinching' have emerged to describe aquaporin gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Hedfalk
- Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Ilbäck NG, Nyblom M, Carlfors J, Fagerlund-Aspenström B, Tavelin S, Glynn AW. Do surface-active lipids in food increase the intestinal permeability to toxic substances and allergenic agents? Med Hypotheses 2004; 63:724-30. [PMID: 15325024 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2003.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2003] [Accepted: 10/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of many common diseases has increased during the last decades. High fat intake is a risk factor for many diseases. We propose that some of the negative effects of fat are caused by lipid-induced damage of the gastrointestinal epithelium, thus compromising the epithelial function as a barrier for passage of toxic substances and allergenic agents to the circulatory system. Monoglycerides (MGs), phospholipids and fatty acids (FAs) are surface-active molecules that in pharmaceutical studies act as permeability enhancers for hydrophilic drugs with low absorption. Three possible mechanisms were proposed: (a) lipid-induced alterations in intracellular events may cause destabilization of tight junctions between the GI epithelial cells, (b) lipids may destabilize cell membranes, (c) lipids cause intestinal cell damage, which increase the permeability of the GI epithelium. These "side effects" of lipids may partly explain the association between fat intake and disease observed in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N-G Ilbäck
- Toxicology Division, National Food Administration, P.O. Box 622, S-751 26, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abstract
Eighty patients with severe psoriasis were treated in a double-blind fashion with either an initial dose of 10 mg, 25 mg or 50 mg of etretin daily or with placebo. Follow-up examinations were carried out monthly and the efficacy of treatment was evaluated by using the PASI score. Adverse effects of the treatment were recorded monthly; liver enzymes, cholesterol and triglycerides were measured. After 2 months of treatment the maintenance dose was reduced in some of the patients either because of complete remission or adverse effects. After 2 months treatment, groups receiving 25 mg/day and 50 mg/day showed significantly lower PASI scores than the placebo group. The 10 mg/day group showed a response intermediate between the 25 mg and 50 mg groups and the placebo group. Thus, the optimal initial dose seems to be approximately 25 mg/day and the maintenance dose somewhat lower. Six months after the start of treatment there were no significant differences between the four groups; the last follow-up examination took place during the summer and some of the patients probably experienced spontaneous improvement. Although clinical adverse effects were frequent in all groups, severe side effects, namely hair loss and paronychia, occurred frequently only among patients treated with an initial dose of 50 mg of etretin daily. The effect of treatment on liver enzymes, cholesterol and triglycerides was minimal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lassus
- Department of Dermatology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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