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Rexhepaj M, Park YJ, Perruzza L, Asarnow D, Mccallum M, Culap K, Saliba C, Leoni G, Balmelli A, Yoshiyama CN, Dickinson MS, Quispe J, Brown JT, Tortorici MA, Sprouse KR, Taylor AL, Starr TN, Corti D, Benigni F, Veesler D. Broadly neutralizing antibodies against emerging delta-coronaviruses. bioRxiv 2024:2024.03.27.586411. [PMID: 38617231 PMCID: PMC11014491 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.586411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) spillovers were recently detected in children with acute undifferentiated febrile illness, underscoring recurrent zoonoses of divergent coronaviruses. To date, no vaccines or specific therapeutics are approved for use in humans against PDCoV. To prepare for possible future PDCoV epidemics, we isolated human spike (S)-directed monoclonal antibodies from transgenic mice and found that two of them, designated PD33 and PD41, broadly neutralized a panel of PDCoV variants. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of PD33 and PD41 in complex with the PDCoV receptor-binding domain and S ectodomain trimer provide a blueprint of the epitopes recognized by these mAbs, rationalizing their broad inhibitory activity. We show that both mAbs inhibit PDCoV by competitively interfering with host APN binding to the PDCoV receptor-binding loops, explaining the mechanism of viral neutralization. PD33 and PD41 are candidates for clinical advancement, which could be stockpiled to prepare for possible future PDCoV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megi Rexhepaj
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lisa Perruzza
- Humabs Biomed SA, a Subsidiary of Vir. Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Asarnow
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mathew Mccallum
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katja Culap
- Humabs Biomed SA, a Subsidiary of Vir. Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Christian Saliba
- Humabs Biomed SA, a Subsidiary of Vir. Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Giada Leoni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a Subsidiary of Vir. Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Balmelli
- Humabs Biomed SA, a Subsidiary of Vir. Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Miles S. Dickinson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joel Quispe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jack Taylor Brown
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M. Alejandra Tortorici
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kaitlin R. Sprouse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ashley L. Taylor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Tyler N Starr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a Subsidiary of Vir. Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a Subsidiary of Vir. Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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2
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Lempp FA, Volz T, Cameroni E, Benigni F, Zhou J, Rosen LE, Noack J, Zatta F, Kaiser H, Bianchi S, Lombardo G, Jaconi S, Vincenzetti L, Imam H, Soriaga LB, Passini N, Belnap DM, Schulze A, Lütgehetmann M, Telenti A, Cathcart AL, Snell G, Purcell LA, Hebner CM, Urban S, Dandri M, Corti D, Schmid MA. Potent broadly neutralizing antibody VIR-3434 controls hepatitis B and D virus infection and reduces HBsAg in humanized mice. J Hepatol 2023; 79:1129-1138. [PMID: 37459920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic hepatitis B is a global public health problem, and coinfection with hepatitis delta virus (HDV) worsens disease outcome. Here, we describe a hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg)-targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb) with the potential to treat chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis D. METHODS HBsAg-specific mAbs were isolated from memory B cells of HBV vaccinated individuals. In vitro neutralization was determined against HBV and HDV enveloped with HBsAg representing eight HBV genotypes. Human liver-chimeric mice were treated twice weekly with a candidate mAb starting 3 weeks post HBV inoculation (spreading phase) or during stable HBV or HBV/HDV coinfection (chronic phase). RESULTS From a panel of human anti-HBs mAbs, VIR-3434 was selected and engineered for pre-clinical development. VIR-3434 targets a conserved, conformational epitope within the antigenic loop of HBsAg and neutralized HBV and HDV infection with higher potency than hepatitis B immunoglobulins in vitro. Neutralization was pan-genotypic against strains representative of HBV genotypes A-H. In the spreading phase of HBV infection in human liver-chimeric mice, a parental mAb of VIR-3434 (HBC34) prevented HBV dissemination and the increase in intrahepatic HBV RNA and covalently closed circular DNA. In the chronic phase of HBV infection or co-infection with HDV, HBC34 treatment decreased circulating HBsAg by >1 log and HDV RNA by >2 logs. CONCLUSIONS The potently neutralizing anti-HBs mAb VIR-3434 reduces circulating HBsAg and HBV/HDV viremia in human liver-chimeric mice. VIR-3434 is currently in clinical development for treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B or D. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus and co-infection with hepatitis D virus place approximately 290 million individuals worldwide at risk of severe liver disease and cancer. Available treatments result in low rates of functional cure or require lifelong therapy that does not eliminate the risk of liver disease. We isolated and characterized a potent human antibody that neutralizes hepatitis B and D viruses and reduces infection in a mouse model. This antibody could provide a new treatment for patients with chronic hepatitis B and D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tassilo Volz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems and Heidelberg Sites, Germany
| | - Elisabetta Cameroni
- Humabs Biomed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs Biomed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Laura E Rosen
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Julia Noack
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Fabrizia Zatta
- Humabs Biomed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Kaiser
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Siro Bianchi
- Humabs Biomed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Gloria Lombardo
- Humabs Biomed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Jaconi
- Humabs Biomed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Vincenzetti
- Humabs Biomed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Hasan Imam
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | | | - Nadia Passini
- Humabs Biomed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - David M Belnap
- School of Biological Sciences and Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
| | - Andreas Schulze
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc Lütgehetmann
- German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems and Heidelberg Sites, Germany; Department of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Gyorgy Snell
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | | | | | - Stephan Urban
- German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems and Heidelberg Sites, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maura Dandri
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems and Heidelberg Sites, Germany
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Schmid
- Humabs Biomed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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3
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Addetia A, Piccoli L, Case JB, Park YJ, Beltramello M, Guarino B, Dang H, de Melo GD, Pinto D, Sprouse K, Scheaffer SM, Bassi J, Silacci-Fregni C, Muoio F, Dini M, Vincenzetti L, Acosta R, Johnson D, Subramanian S, Saliba C, Giurdanella M, Lombardo G, Leoni G, Culap K, McAlister C, Rajesh A, Dellota E, Zhou J, Farhat N, Bohan D, Noack J, Chen A, Lempp FA, Quispe J, Kergoat L, Larrous F, Cameroni E, Whitener B, Giannini O, Cippà P, Ceschi A, Ferrari P, Franzetti-Pellanda A, Biggiogero M, Garzoni C, Zappi S, Bernasconi L, Kim MJ, Rosen LE, Schnell G, Czudnochowski N, Benigni F, Franko N, Logue JK, Yoshiyama C, Stewart C, Chu H, Bourhy H, Schmid MA, Purcell LA, Snell G, Lanzavecchia A, Diamond MS, Corti D, Veesler D. Neutralization, effector function and immune imprinting of Omicron variants. Nature 2023; 621:592-601. [PMID: 37648855 PMCID: PMC10511321 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Currently circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants have acquired convergent mutations at hot spots in the receptor-binding domain1 (RBD) of the spike protein. The effects of these mutations on viral infection and transmission and the efficacy of vaccines and therapies remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that recently emerged BQ.1.1 and XBB.1.5 variants bind host ACE2 with high affinity and promote membrane fusion more efficiently than earlier Omicron variants. Structures of the BQ.1.1, XBB.1 and BN.1 RBDs bound to the fragment antigen-binding region of the S309 antibody (the parent antibody for sotrovimab) and human ACE2 explain the preservation of antibody binding through conformational selection, altered ACE2 recognition and immune evasion. We show that sotrovimab binds avidly to all Omicron variants, promotes Fc-dependent effector functions and protects mice challenged with BQ.1.1 and hamsters challenged with XBB.1.5. Vaccine-elicited human plasma antibodies cross-react with and trigger effector functions against current Omicron variants, despite a reduced neutralizing activity, suggesting a mechanism of protection against disease, exemplified by S309. Cross-reactive RBD-directed human memory B cells remained dominant even after two exposures to Omicron spikes, underscoring the role of persistent immune imprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Addetia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - James Brett Case
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Ha Dang
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Guilherme Dias de Melo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, Paris, France
| | | | - Kaitlin Sprouse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Suzanne M Scheaffer
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiayi Zhou
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Dana Bohan
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Alex Chen
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Joel Quispe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lauriane Kergoat
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Florence Larrous
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, Paris, France
| | | | - Bradley Whitener
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Olivier Giannini
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Pietro Cippà
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Ceschi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Clinical Trial Unit, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Ferrari
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Maira Biggiogero
- Clinical Research Unit, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Christian Garzoni
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Zappi
- Division of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Luca Bernasconi
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas Franko
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer K Logue
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Cameron Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Helen Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | | | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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4
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Park YJ, Pinto D, Walls AC, Liu Z, De Marco A, Benigni F, Zatta F, Silacci-Fregni C, Bassi J, Sprouse KR, Addetia A, Bowen JE, Stewart C, Giurdanella M, Saliba C, Guarino B, Schmid MA, Franko NM, Logue JK, Dang HV, Hauser K, di Iulio J, Rivera W, Schnell G, Rajesh A, Zhou J, Farhat N, Kaiser H, Montiel-Ruiz M, Noack J, Lempp FA, Janer J, Abdelnabi R, Maes P, Ferrari P, Ceschi A, Giannini O, de Melo GD, Kergoat L, Bourhy H, Neyts J, Soriaga L, Purcell LA, Snell G, Whelan SPJ, Lanzavecchia A, Virgin HW, Piccoli L, Chu HY, Pizzuto MS, Corti D, Veesler D. Imprinted antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages. Science 2022; 378:619-627. [PMID: 36264829 DOI: 10.1126/science.adc9127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron sublineages carry distinct spike mutations resulting in escape from antibodies induced by previous infection or vaccination. We show that hybrid immunity or vaccine boosters elicit plasma-neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/5, and that breakthrough infections, but not vaccination alone, induce neutralizing antibodies in the nasal mucosa. Consistent with immunological imprinting, most antibodies derived from memory B cells or plasma cells of Omicron breakthrough cases cross-react with the Wuhan-Hu-1, BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5 receptor-binding domains, whereas Omicron primary infections elicit B cells of narrow specificity up to 6 months after infection. Although most clinical antibodies have reduced neutralization of Omicron, we identified an ultrapotent pan-variant-neutralizing antibody that is a strong candidate for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dora Pinto
- Humabs Biomed SA, Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra C Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anna De Marco
- Humabs Biomed SA, Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs Biomed SA, Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizia Zatta
- Humabs Biomed SA, Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Jessica Bassi
- Humabs Biomed SA, Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Kaitlin R Sprouse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amin Addetia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John E Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cameron Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Christian Saliba
- Humabs Biomed SA, Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Guarino
- Humabs Biomed SA, Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Schmid
- Humabs Biomed SA, Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas M Franko
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer K Logue
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ha V Dang
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiayi Zhou
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Javier Janer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paolo Ferrari
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alessandro Ceschi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Clinical Trial Unit, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Giannini
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Guilherme Dias de Melo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Lauriane Kergoat
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Sean P J Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Herbert W Virgin
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Luca Piccoli
- Humabs Biomed SA, Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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5
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Park YJ, Pinto D, Walls AC, Liu Z, De Marco A, Benigni F, Zatta F, Silacci-Fregni C, Bassi J, Sprouse KR, Addetia A, Bowen JE, Stewart C, Giurdanella M, Saliba C, Guarino B, Schmid MA, Franko NM, Logue JK, Dang HV, Hauser K, di Iulio J, Rivera W, Schnell G, Rajesh A, Zhou J, Farhat N, Kaiser H, Montiel-Ruiz M, Noack J, Lempp FA, Janer J, Abdelnabi R, Maes P, Ferrari P, Ceschi A, Giannini O, de Melo GD, Kergoat L, Bourhy H, Neyts J, Soriaga L, Purcell LA, Snell G, Whelan SPJ, Lanzavecchia A, Virgin HW, Piccoli L, Chu HY, Pizzuto MS, Corti D, Veesler D. Imprinted antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages. Science 2022. [PMID: 36264829 DOI: 10.1101/2022.05.08.491108v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron sublineages carry distinct spike mutations resulting in escape from antibodies induced by previous infection or vaccination. We show that hybrid immunity or vaccine boosters elicit plasma-neutralizing antibodies against Omicron BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/5, and that breakthrough infections, but not vaccination alone, induce neutralizing antibodies in the nasal mucosa. Consistent with immunological imprinting, most antibodies derived from memory B cells or plasma cells of Omicron breakthrough cases cross-react with the Wuhan-Hu-1, BA.1, BA.2, and BA.4/5 receptor-binding domains, whereas Omicron primary infections elicit B cells of narrow specificity up to 6 months after infection. Although most clinical antibodies have reduced neutralization of Omicron, we identified an ultrapotent pan-variant-neutralizing antibody that is a strong candidate for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dora Pinto
- Humabs Biomed SA, Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra C Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anna De Marco
- Humabs Biomed SA, Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs Biomed SA, Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizia Zatta
- Humabs Biomed SA, Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Jessica Bassi
- Humabs Biomed SA, Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Kaitlin R Sprouse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amin Addetia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John E Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cameron Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Christian Saliba
- Humabs Biomed SA, Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Guarino
- Humabs Biomed SA, Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Schmid
- Humabs Biomed SA, Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas M Franko
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer K Logue
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ha V Dang
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiayi Zhou
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Javier Janer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paolo Ferrari
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alessandro Ceschi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Clinical Trial Unit, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Giannini
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Guilherme Dias de Melo
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Lauriane Kergoat
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Sean P J Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Herbert W Virgin
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Luca Piccoli
- Humabs Biomed SA, Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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6
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Park YJ, Pinto D, Walls AC, Liu Z, Marco AD, Benigni F, Zatta F, Silacci-Fregni C, Bassi J, Sprouse KR, Addetia A, Bowen JE, Stewart C, Giurdanella M, Saliba C, Guarino B, Schmid MA, Franko N, Logue J, Dang HV, Hauser K, Iulio JD, Rivera W, Schnell G, Rajesh A, Zhou J, Farhat N, Kaiser H, Montiel-Ruiz M, Noack J, Lempp FA, Janer J, Abdelnabi R, Maes P, Ferrari P, Ceschi A, Giannini O, de Melo GD, Kergoat L, Bourhy H, Neyts J, Soriaga L, Purcell LA, Snell G, Whelan SPJ, Lanzavecchia A, Virgin HW, Piccoli L, Chu H, Pizzuto MS, Corti D, Veesler D. Imprinted antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages. bioRxiv 2022:2022.05.08.491108. [PMID: 35677069 PMCID: PMC9176643 DOI: 10.1101/2022.05.08.491108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages carry distinct spike mutations and represent an antigenic shift resulting in escape from antibodies induced by previous infection or vaccination. We show that hybrid immunity or vaccine boosters result in potent plasma neutralizing activity against Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 and that breakthrough infections, but not vaccination-only, induce neutralizing activity in the nasal mucosa. Consistent with immunological imprinting, most antibodies derived from memory B cells or plasma cells of Omicron breakthrough cases cross-react with the Wuhan-Hu-1, BA.1 and BA.2 receptor-binding domains whereas Omicron primary infections elicit B cells of narrow specificity. While most clinical antibodies have reduced neutralization of Omicron, we identified an ultrapotent pan-variant antibody, that is unaffected by any Omicron lineage spike mutations and is a strong candidate for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dora Pinto
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra C Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anna De Marco
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizia Zatta
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Jessica Bassi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Kaitlin R Sprouse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Amin Addetia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John E Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cameron Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Martina Giurdanella
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Christian Saliba
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Guarino
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Michael A Schmid
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Franko
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jennifer Logue
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ha V Dang
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiayi Zhou
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | | | | | - Julia Noack
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Javier Janer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Piet Maes
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paolo Ferrari
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Division of Nephrology, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alessandro Ceschi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Clinical Trial Unit, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Giannini
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Guilherme Dias de Melo
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Lauriane Kergoat
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Johan Neyts
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Sean P J Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Antonio Lanzavecchia
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Luca Piccoli
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Helen Chu
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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7
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Low JS, Jerak J, Tortorici MA, McCallum M, Pinto D, Cassotta A, Foglierini M, Mele F, Abdelnabi R, Weynand B, Noack J, Montiel-Ruiz M, Bianchi S, Benigni F, Sprugasci N, Joshi A, Bowen JE, Stewart C, Rexhepaj M, Walls AC, Jarrossay D, Morone D, Paparoditis P, Garzoni C, Ferrari P, Ceschi A, Neyts J, Purcell LA, Snell G, Corti D, Lanzavecchia A, Veesler D, Sallusto F. ACE2-binding exposes the SARS-CoV-2 fusion peptide to broadly neutralizing coronavirus antibodies. Science 2022; 377:735-742. [PMID: 35857703 PMCID: PMC9348755 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq2679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus spike glycoprotein attaches to host receptors and mediates viral fusion. Using a broad screening approach, we isolated seven monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind to all human-infecting coronavirus spike proteins from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) immune donors. These mAbs recognize the fusion peptide and acquire affinity and breadth through somatic mutations. Despite targeting a conserved motif, only some mAbs show broad neutralizing activity in vitro against alpha- and betacoronaviruses, including animal coronaviruses WIV-1 and PDF-2180. Two selected mAbs also neutralize Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 authentic viruses and reduce viral burden and pathology in vivo. Structural and functional analyses showed that the fusion peptide-specific mAbs bound with different modalities to a cryptic epitope hidden in prefusion stabilized spike, which became exposed upon binding of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) or ACE2-mimicking mAbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Siong Low
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Josipa Jerak
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Matthew McCallum
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dora Pinto
- Humabs BioMed SA (subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Antonino Cassotta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Foglierini
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Federico Mele
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Birgit Weynand
- KU Leuven Department of Imaging and Pathology, Translational Cell and Tissue Research, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Julia Noack
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Siro Bianchi
- Humabs BioMed SA (subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs BioMed SA (subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Sprugasci
- Humabs BioMed SA (subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anshu Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John E. Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Cameron Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Megi Rexhepaj
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alexandra C. Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David Jarrossay
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Diego Morone
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Paparoditis
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Christian Garzoni
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Luganese Moncucco; 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Ferrari
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Alessandro Ceschi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Clinical Trial Unit, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Global Virus Network, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | | | | | - Davide Corti
- Humabs BioMed SA (subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Lanzavecchia
- Humabs BioMed SA (subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology), 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics, 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Park YJ, De Marco A, Starr TN, Liu Z, Pinto D, Walls AC, Zatta F, Zepeda SK, Bowen JE, Sprouse KR, Joshi A, Giurdanella M, Guarino B, Noack J, Abdelnabi R, Foo SYC, Rosen LE, Lempp FA, Benigni F, Snell G, Neyts J, Whelan SPJ, Virgin HW, Bloom JD, Corti D, Pizzuto MS, Veesler D. Antibody-mediated broad sarbecovirus neutralization through ACE2 molecular mimicry. Science 2022; 375:449-454. [PMID: 34990214 PMCID: PMC9400459 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm8143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding broadly neutralizing sarbecovirus antibody responses is key to developing countermeasures against SARS-CoV-2 variants and future zoonotic sarbecoviruses. We describe the isolation and characterization of a human monoclonal antibody, designated S2K146, that broadly neutralizes viruses belonging to SARS-CoV- and SARS-CoV-2-related sarbecovirus clades which use ACE2 as an entry receptor. Structural and functional studies show that most of the virus residues that directly bind S2K146 are also involved in binding to ACE2. This allows the antibody to potently inhibit receptor attachment. S2K146 protects against SARS-CoV-2 Beta challenge in hamsters and viral passaging experiments reveal a high barrier for emergence of escape mutants, making it a good candidate for clinical development. The conserved ACE2-binding residues present a site of vulnerability that might be leveraged for developing vaccines eliciting broad sarbecovirus immunity.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/chemistry
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/metabolism
- Antibody Affinity
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies/chemistry
- Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies/immunology
- Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies/metabolism
- Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies/therapeutic use
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/therapy
- Cross Reactions
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- Epitopes
- Humans
- Immune Evasion
- Mesocricetus
- Models, Molecular
- Molecular Mimicry
- Mutation
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Domains
- Receptors, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Receptors, Coronavirus/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anna De Marco
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Tyler N. Starr
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dora Pinto
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra C. Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Fabrizia Zatta
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Samantha K. Zepeda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John E. Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kaitlin R. Sprouse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anshu Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Martina Giurdanella
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Guarino
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Julia Noack
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shi-Yan Caroline Foo
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Johan Neyts
- Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sean P. J. Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Herbert W. Virgin
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jesse D. Bloom
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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9
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Park YJ, De Marco A, Starr TN, Liu Z, Pinto D, Walls AC, Zatta F, Zepeda SK, Bowen J, Sprouse KS, Joshi A, Giurdanella M, Guarino B, Noack J, Abdelnabi R, Foo SYC, Lempp FA, Benigni F, Snell G, Neyts J, Whelan SPJ, Virgin HW, Bloom JD, Corti D, Pizzuto MS, Veesler D. Antibody-mediated broad sarbecovirus neutralization through ACE2 molecular mimicry. bioRxiv 2021:2021.10.13.464254. [PMID: 34671770 PMCID: PMC8528076 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.13.464254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Understanding broadly neutralizing sarbecovirus antibody responses is key to developing countermeasures effective against SARS-CoV-2 variants and future spillovers of other sarbecoviruses. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of a human monoclonal antibody, designated S2K146, broadly neutralizing viruses belonging to all three sarbecovirus clades known to utilize ACE2 as entry receptor and protecting therapeutically against SARS-CoV-2 beta challenge in hamsters. Structural and functional studies show that most of the S2K146 epitope residues are shared with the ACE2 binding site and that the antibody inhibits receptor attachment competitively. Viral passaging experiments underscore an unusually high barrier for emergence of escape mutants making it an ideal candidate for clinical development. These findings unveil a key site of vulnerability for the development of a next generation of vaccines eliciting broad sarbecovirus immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anna De Marco
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Tyler N Starr
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Dora Pinto
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra C. Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Fabrizia Zatta
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Samantha K. Zepeda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kaitlin S Sprouse
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anshu Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Martina Giurdanella
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Guarino
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Rana Abdelnabi
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shi-Yan Caroline Foo
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sean PJ Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | | | - Jesse D Bloom
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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10
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Pinto D, Sauer MM, Czudnochowski N, Low JS, Tortorici MA, Housley MP, Noack J, Walls AC, Bowen JE, Guarino B, Rosen LE, di Iulio J, Jerak J, Kaiser H, Islam S, Jaconi S, Sprugasci N, Culap K, Abdelnabi R, Foo C, Coelmont L, Bartha I, Bianchi S, Silacci-Fregni C, Bassi J, Marzi R, Vetti E, Cassotta A, Ceschi A, Ferrari P, Cippà PE, Giannini O, Ceruti S, Garzoni C, Riva A, Benigni F, Cameroni E, Piccoli L, Pizzuto MS, Smithey M, Hong D, Telenti A, Lempp FA, Neyts J, Havenar-Daughton C, Lanzavecchia A, Sallusto F, Snell G, Virgin HW, Beltramello M, Corti D, Veesler D. Broad betacoronavirus neutralization by a stem helix-specific human antibody. Science 2021; 373:1109-1116. [PMID: 34344823 PMCID: PMC9268357 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj3321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The spillovers of betacoronaviruses in humans and the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants highlight the need for broad coronavirus countermeasures. We describe five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) cross-reacting with the stem helix of multiple betacoronavirus spike glycoproteins isolated from COVID-19 convalescent individuals. Using structural and functional studies, we show that the mAb with the greatest breadth (S2P6) neutralizes pseudotyped viruses from three different subgenera through the inhibition of membrane fusion, and we delineate the molecular basis for its cross-reactivity. S2P6 reduces viral burden in hamsters challenged with SARS-CoV-2 through viral neutralization and Fc-mediated effector functions. Stem helix antibodies are rare, oftentimes of narrow specificity, and can acquire neutralization breadth through somatic mutations. These data provide a framework for structure-guided design of pan-betacoronavirus vaccines eliciting broad protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Pinto
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian M. Sauer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Jun Siong Low
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Julia Noack
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alexandra C. Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John E. Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Barbara Guarino
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Josipa Jerak
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Stefano Jaconi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Sprugasci
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Katja Culap
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline Foo
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Coelmont
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Istvan Bartha
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Siro Bianchi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Jessica Bassi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Marzi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Eneida Vetti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Antonino Cassotta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Ceschi
- Clinical Trial Unit, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Ferrari
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Pietro E. Cippà
- Department of Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Giannini
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Samuele Ceruti
- Intensive Care Unit, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Christian Garzoni
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Agostino Riva
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cameroni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Piccoli
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Matteo S. Pizzuto
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - David Hong
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | | | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Antonio Lanzavecchia
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Herbert W. Virgin
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Martina Beltramello
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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11
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Tortorici MA, Czudnochowski N, Starr TN, Marzi R, Walls AC, Zatta F, Bowen JE, Jaconi S, Di Iulio J, Wang Z, De Marco A, Zepeda SK, Pinto D, Liu Z, Beltramello M, Bartha I, Housley MP, Lempp FA, Rosen LE, Dellota E, Kaiser H, Montiel-Ruiz M, Zhou J, Addetia A, Guarino B, Culap K, Sprugasci N, Saliba C, Vetti E, Giacchetto-Sasselli I, Fregni CS, Abdelnabi R, Foo SYC, Havenar-Daughton C, Schmid MA, Benigni F, Cameroni E, Neyts J, Telenti A, Virgin HW, Whelan SPJ, Snell G, Bloom JD, Corti D, Veesler D, Pizzuto MS. Broad sarbecovirus neutralization by a human monoclonal antibody. Nature 2021; 597:103-108. [PMID: 34280951 PMCID: PMC9341430 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03817-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern1-10 and the recurrent spillovers of coronaviruses11,12 into the human population highlight the need for broadly neutralizing antibodies that are not affected by the ongoing antigenic drift and that can prevent or treat future zoonotic infections. Here we describe a human monoclonal antibody designated S2X259, which recognizes a highly conserved cryptic epitope of the receptor-binding domain and cross-reacts with spikes from all clades of sarbecovirus. S2X259 broadly neutralizes spike-mediated cell entry of SARS-CoV-2, including variants of concern (B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, and B.1.427/B.1.429), as well as a wide spectrum of human and potentially zoonotic sarbecoviruses through inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) binding to the receptor-binding domain. Furthermore, deep-mutational scanning and in vitro escape selection experiments demonstrate that S2X259 possesses an escape profile that is limited to a single substitution, G504D. We show that prophylactic and therapeutic administration of S2X259 protects Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) against challenge with the prototypic SARS-CoV-2 and the B.1.351 variant of concern, which suggests that this monoclonal antibody is a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of emergent variants and zoonotic infections. Our data reveal a key antigenic site that is targeted by broadly neutralizing antibodies and will guide the design of vaccines that are effective against all sarbecoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alejandra Tortorici
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institut Pasteur and CNRS UMR 3569, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Paris, France
| | | | - Tyler N Starr
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Roberta Marzi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra C Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Fabrizia Zatta
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - John E Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stefano Jaconi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Zhaoqian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anna De Marco
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Samantha K Zepeda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dora Pinto
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Martina Beltramello
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Istvan Bartha
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiayi Zhou
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Amin Addetia
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Katja Culap
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Sprugasci
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Christian Saliba
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Eneida Vetti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Rana Abdelnabi
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shi-Yan Caroline Foo
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Michael A Schmid
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cameroni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Sean P J Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Jesse D Bloom
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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12
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Lempp FA, Soriaga LB, Montiel-Ruiz M, Benigni F, Noack J, Park YJ, Bianchi S, Walls AC, Bowen JE, Zhou J, Kaiser H, Joshi A, Agostini M, Meury M, Dellota E, Jaconi S, Cameroni E, Martinez-Picado J, Vergara-Alert J, Izquierdo-Useros N, Virgin HW, Lanzavecchia A, Veesler D, Purcell LA, Telenti A, Corti D. Lectins enhance SARS-CoV-2 infection and influence neutralizing antibodies. Nature 2021; 598:342-347. [PMID: 34464958 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection-which involves both cell attachment and membrane fusion-relies on the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is paradoxically found at low levels in the respiratory tract1-3, suggesting that there may be additional mechanisms facilitating infection. Here we show that C-type lectin receptors, DC-SIGN, L-SIGN and the sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin 1 (SIGLEC1) function as attachment receptors by enhancing ACE2-mediated infection and modulating the neutralizing activity of different classes of spike-specific antibodies. Antibodies to the amino-terminal domain or to the conserved site at the base of the receptor-binding domain, while poorly neutralizing infection of ACE2-overexpressing cells, effectively block lectin-facilitated infection. Conversely, antibodies to the receptor binding motif, while potently neutralizing infection of ACE2-overexpressing cells, poorly neutralize infection of cells expressing DC-SIGN or L-SIGN and trigger fusogenic rearrangement of the spike, promoting cell-to-cell fusion. Collectively, these findings identify a lectin-dependent pathway that enhances ACE2-dependent infection by SARS-CoV-2 and reveal distinct mechanisms of neutralization by different classes of spike-specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Siro Bianchi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra C Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John E Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jiayi Zhou
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Anshu Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stefano Jaconi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cameroni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia Vergara-Alert
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Spain
| | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Badalona, Spain.,Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Can Ruti Campus, Badalona, Spain
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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13
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Starr TN, Czudnochowski N, Liu Z, Zatta F, Park YJ, Addetia A, Pinto D, Beltramello M, Hernandez P, Greaney AJ, Marzi R, Glass WG, Zhang I, Dingens AS, Bowen JE, Tortorici MA, Walls AC, Wojcechowskyj JA, De Marco A, Rosen LE, Zhou J, Montiel-Ruiz M, Kaiser H, Dillen JR, Tucker H, Bassi J, Silacci-Fregni C, Housley MP, di Iulio J, Lombardo G, Agostini M, Sprugasci N, Culap K, Jaconi S, Meury M, Dellota E, Abdelnabi R, Foo SYC, Cameroni E, Stumpf S, Croll TI, Nix JC, Havenar-Daughton C, Piccoli L, Benigni F, Neyts J, Telenti A, Lempp FA, Pizzuto MS, Chodera JD, Hebner CM, Virgin HW, Whelan SPJ, Veesler D, Corti D, Bloom JD, Snell G. SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies that maximize breadth and resistance to escape. Nature 2021; 597:97-102. [PMID: 34261126 PMCID: PMC9282883 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An ideal therapeutic anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody would resist viral escape1-3, have activity against diverse sarbecoviruses4-7, and be highly protective through viral neutralization8-11 and effector functions12,13. Understanding how these properties relate to each other and vary across epitopes would aid the development of therapeutic antibodies and guide vaccine design. Here we comprehensively characterize escape, breadth and potency across a panel of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Despite a trade-off between in vitro neutralization potency and breadth of sarbecovirus binding, we identify neutralizing antibodies with exceptional sarbecovirus breadth and a corresponding resistance to SARS-CoV-2 escape. One of these antibodies, S2H97, binds with high affinity across all sarbecovirus clades to a cryptic epitope and prophylactically protects hamsters from viral challenge. Antibodies that target the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor-binding motif (RBM) typically have poor breadth and are readily escaped by mutations despite high neutralization potency. Nevertheless, we also characterize a potent RBM antibody (S2E128) with breadth across sarbecoviruses related to SARS-CoV-2 and a high barrier to viral escape. These data highlight principles underlying variation in escape, breadth and potency among antibodies that target the RBD, and identify epitopes and features to prioritize for therapeutic development against the current and potential future pandemics.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibody Affinity
- Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies/chemistry
- Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies/immunology
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/virology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/chemistry
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Line
- Cricetinae
- Cross Reactions/immunology
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Immune Evasion/genetics
- Immune Evasion/immunology
- Male
- Mesocricetus
- Middle Aged
- Models, Molecular
- SARS-CoV-2/chemistry
- SARS-CoV-2/classification
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Vaccinology
- COVID-19 Drug Treatment
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler N Starr
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fabrizia Zatta
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amin Addetia
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dora Pinto
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Martina Beltramello
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Allison J Greaney
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Roberta Marzi
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - William G Glass
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ivy Zhang
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam S Dingens
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John E Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Alexandra C Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Anna De Marco
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Jiayi Zhou
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jessica Bassi
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Gloria Lombardo
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicole Sprugasci
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Katja Culap
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Jaconi
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Rana Abdelnabi
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shi-Yan Caroline Foo
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabetta Cameroni
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Spencer Stumpf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tristan I Croll
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jay C Nix
- Molecular Biology Consortium, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Luca Piccoli
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Matteo S Pizzuto
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - John D Chodera
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Herbert W Virgin
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sean P J Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Jesse D Bloom
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
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14
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Pepa M, Zaffaroni M, Volpe S, Marvaso G, Isaksson J, Barzaghi S, Benigni F, Callegari M, Gismundi A, La Fauci F, Corrao G, Augugliaro M, Cattani F, Baroni G, De Momi E, Orecchia R, Jereczek-Fossa B. PO-1796 Machine learning-based models of toxicity in prostate cancer ultra-hypofractionated radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)08247-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Richards A, Baranova DE, Pizzuto MS, Jaconi S, Willsey GG, Torres-Velez FJ, Doering JE, Benigni F, Corti D, Mantis NJ. Recombinant Human Secretory IgA Induces Salmonella Typhimurium Agglutination and Limits Bacterial Invasion into Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1221-1235. [PMID: 33728898 PMCID: PMC8154420 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the predominant antibody type in mucosal secretions, human colostrum, and breast milk, secretory IgA (SIgA) plays a central role in safeguarding the intestinal epithelium of newborns from invasive enteric pathogens like the Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm). SIgA is a complex molecule, consisting of an assemblage of two or more IgA monomers, joining (J)-chain, and secretory component (SC), whose exact functions in neutralizing pathogens are only beginning to be elucidated. In this study, we produced and characterized a recombinant human SIgA variant of Sal4, a well-characterized monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for the O5-antigen of STm lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We demonstrate by flow cytometry, light microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy that Sal4 SIgA promotes the formation of large, densely packed bacterial aggregates in vitro. In a mouse model, passive oral administration of Sal4 SIgA was sufficient to entrap STm within the intestinal lumen and reduce bacterial invasion into gut-associated lymphoid tissues by several orders of magnitude. Bacterial aggregates induced by Sal4 SIgA treatment in the intestinal lumen were recalcitrant to immunohistochemical staining, suggesting the bacteria were encased in a protective capsule. Indeed, a crystal violet staining assay demonstrated that STm secretes an extracellular matrix enriched in cellulose following even short exposures to Sal4 SIgA. Collectively, these results demonstrate that recombinant human SIgA recapitulates key biological activities associated with mucosal immunity and raises the prospect of oral passive immunization to combat enteric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelene
F. Richards
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany
School of Public Health, Albany, New York 12208, United States
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center,
New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Danielle E. Baranova
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center,
New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Matteo S. Pizzuto
- Humabs
BioMed SA a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology Inc., 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Jaconi
- Humabs
BioMed SA a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology Inc., 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Graham G. Willsey
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center,
New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Fernando J. Torres-Velez
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center,
New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Doering
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center,
New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs
BioMed SA a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology Inc., 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs
BioMed SA a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology Inc., 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas J. Mantis
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany
School of Public Health, Albany, New York 12208, United States
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center,
New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208, United States
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16
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McCallum M, De Marco A, Lempp FA, Tortorici MA, Pinto D, Walls AC, Beltramello M, Chen A, Liu Z, Zatta F, Zepeda S, di Iulio J, Bowen JE, Montiel-Ruiz M, Zhou J, Rosen LE, Bianchi S, Guarino B, Fregni CS, Abdelnabi R, Foo SYC, Rothlauf PW, Bloyet LM, Benigni F, Cameroni E, Neyts J, Riva A, Snell G, Telenti A, Whelan SPJ, Virgin HW, Corti D, Pizzuto MS, Veesler D. N-terminal domain antigenic mapping reveals a site of vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2. Cell 2021; 184:2332-2347.e16. [PMID: 33761326 PMCID: PMC7962585 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 601] [Impact Index Per Article: 200.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) glycoprotein contains an immunodominant receptor-binding domain (RBD) targeted by most neutralizing antibodies (Abs) in COVID-19 patient plasma. Little is known about neutralizing Abs binding to epitopes outside the RBD and their contribution to protection. Here, we describe 41 human monoclonal Abs (mAbs) derived from memory B cells, which recognize the SARS-CoV-2 S N-terminal domain (NTD) and show that a subset of them neutralize SARS-CoV-2 ultrapotently. We define an antigenic map of the SARS-CoV-2 NTD and identify a supersite (designated site i) recognized by all known NTD-specific neutralizing mAbs. These mAbs inhibit cell-to-cell fusion, activate effector functions, and protect Syrian hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 challenge, albeit selecting escape mutants in some animals. Indeed, several SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1 lineages, harbor frequent mutations within the NTD supersite, suggesting ongoing selective pressure and the importance of NTD-specific neutralizing mAbs for protective immunity and vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew McCallum
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anna De Marco
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - M Alejandra Tortorici
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institut Pasteur and CNRS UMR 3569, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Paris, France
| | - Dora Pinto
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra C Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Martina Beltramello
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alex Chen
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Fabrizia Zatta
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Samantha Zepeda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - John E Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Jiayi Zhou
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Siro Bianchi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Guarino
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Rana Abdelnabi
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shi-Yan Caroline Foo
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul W Rothlauf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Louis-Marie Bloyet
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cameroni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Agostino Riva
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Sean P J Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | | | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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17
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Tortorici MA, Czudnochowski N, Starr TN, Marzi R, Walls AC, Zatta F, Bowen JE, Jaconi S, di iulio J, Wang Z, De Marco A, Zepeda SK, Pinto D, Liu Z, Beltramello M, Bartha I, Housley MP, Lempp FA, Rosen LE, Dellota E, Kaiser H, Montiel-Ruiz M, Zhou J, Addetia A, Guarino B, Culap K, Sprugasci N, Saliba C, Vetti E, Giacchetto-Sasselli I, Silacci Fregni C, Abdelnabi R, Caroline Foo SY, Havenar-Daughton C, Schmid MA, Benigni F, Cameroni E, Neyts J, Telenti A, Snell G, Virgin HW, Whelan SP, Bloom JD, Corti D, Veesler D, Pizzuto MS. Structural basis for broad sarbecovirus neutralization by a human monoclonal antibody. bioRxiv 2021:2021.04.07.438818. [PMID: 33851169 PMCID: PMC8043460 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.07.438818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) and the recurrent spillovers of coronaviruses in the human population highlight the need for broadly neutralizing antibodies that are not affected by the ongoing antigenic drift and that can prevent or treat future zoonotic infections. Here, we describe a human monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated S2X259, recognizing a highly conserved cryptic receptor-binding domain (RBD) epitope and cross-reacting with spikes from all sarbecovirus clades. S2X259 broadly neutralizes spike-mediated entry of SARS-CoV-2 including the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1 and B.1.427/B.1.429 VOC, as well as a wide spectrum of human and zoonotic sarbecoviruses through inhibition of ACE2 binding to the RBD. Furthermore, deep-mutational scanning and in vitro escape selection experiments demonstrate that S2X259 possesses a remarkably high barrier to the emergence of resistance mutants. We show that prophylactic administration of S2X259 protects Syrian hamsters against challenges with the prototypic SARS-CoV-2 and the B.1.351 variant, suggesting this mAb is a promising candidate for the prevention and treatment of emergent VOC and zoonotic infections. Our data unveil a key antigenic site targeted by broadly-neutralizing antibodies and will guide the design of pan-sarbecovirus vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Alejandra Tortorici
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Institut Pasteur and CNRS UMR 3569, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Paris, France
| | | | - Tyler N. Starr
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Roberta Marzi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra C. Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Fabrizia Zatta
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - John E. Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Stefano Jaconi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Zhaoqian Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Anna De Marco
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Samantha K. Zepeda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Dora Pinto
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Martina Beltramello
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Istvan Bartha
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiayi Zhou
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Amin Addetia
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Katja Culap
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Sprugasci
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Christian Saliba
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Eneida Vetti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Rana Abdelnabi
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shi-Yan Caroline Foo
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Michael A. Schmid
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cameroni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Sean P.J. Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jesse D. Bloom
- Basic Sciences Division and Computational Biology Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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18
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McCallum M, Marco AD, Lempp F, Tortorici MA, Pinto D, Walls AC, Beltramello M, Chen A, Liu Z, Zatta F, Zepeda S, di Iulio J, Bowen JE, Montiel-Ruiz M, Zhou J, Rosen LE, Bianchi S, Guarino B, Fregni CS, Abdelnabi R, Caroline Foo SY, Rothlauf PW, Bloyet LM, Benigni F, Cameroni E, Neyts J, Riva A, Snell G, Telenti A, Whelan SPJ, Virgin HW, Corti D, Pizzuto MS, Veesler D. N-terminal domain antigenic mapping reveals a site of vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv 2021:2021.01.14.426475. [PMID: 33469588 PMCID: PMC7814825 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.14.426475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells is orchestrated by the spike (S) glycoprotein that contains an immunodominant receptor-binding domain (RBD) targeted by the largest fraction of neutralizing antibodies (Abs) in COVID-19 patient plasma. Little is known about neutralizing Abs binding to epitopes outside the RBD and their contribution to protection. Here, we describe 41 human monoclonal Abs (mAbs) derived from memory B cells, which recognize the SARS-CoV-2 S N-terminal domain (NTD) and show that a subset of them neutralize SARS-CoV-2 ultrapotently. We define an antigenic map of the SARS-CoV-2 NTD and identify a supersite recognized by all known NTD-specific neutralizing mAbs. These mAbs inhibit cell-to-cell fusion, activate effector functions, and protect Syrian hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 challenge. SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the 501Y.V2 and B.1.1.7 lineages, harbor frequent mutations localized in the NTD supersite suggesting ongoing selective pressure and the importance of NTD-specific neutralizing mAbs to protective immunity.
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19
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Pizzuto MS, Zatta F, Minola A, Peter A, Culap K, Bianchi S, Soriaga L, De Marco A, Guarino B, Passini N, Hong DK, Benigni F, Hebner C, Bonavia A, Corti D. 1231. VIR-2482: A potent and broadly neutralizing antibody for the prophylaxis of influenza A illness. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020. [PMCID: PMC7777610 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Influenza A viruses are responsible for seasonal epidemics and represent a constant pandemic threat. Influenza vaccines induce predominantly antibodies against the head region of hemagglutinin (HA) and are strain specific. Vaccine effectiveness is often suboptimal due to mismatch with drifting viruses and an inadequate immune response. Broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the conserved stem-region of HA may provide protection through multiple seasons and cover strains with pandemic potential. We report pre-clinical data on VIR-2482, a fully human anti-HA stem mAb with half-life extending Fc mutations.
Methods
Binding of VIR-2482 to a panel of influenza HAs and neutralization of H1N1 and H3N2 viruses were measured by ELISA and microneutralization. Epitope conservation was evaluated using 49,462 HA sequences retrieved from GiSAID. Engagement of human FcγRs by VIR-2482 was assessed by biolayer interferometry. Antibody-dependendent cell-mediated cytoxicity (ADCC) was measured via in vitro killing of A549 cells expressing H1-HA glycoprotein by human NK cells. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) was evaluated by incubating VIR-2482 with H1N1 infected cells in the presence of guinea pig complement. Protection studies were performed in Balb/c mice given VIR-2482 24h before intranasal infection with a lethal dose of H1N1 PR8 and H3N2 HK/68.
Results
VIR-2482 binds to the HA proteins representing all 18 influenza A HA subtypes and neutralizes a broad panel of H1N1 and H3N2 viruses spanning almost 100 years of evolution. Bioinformatic analysis revealed >98.8% conservation for the majority of key contact residues examined from sequences retrieved for H1N1 and H3N2 between 2009-2019. The half-life extending mutations in the Fc portion do not affect the ability of the antibody to engage FcγRIIIa, FcγRIIa, and C1q as evidenced by their lack of impact on ADCC and CDC in vitro. Prophylactic administration of VIR-2482 protects Balb/c mice from infection with lethal challenge doses of H1N1 and H3N2 viruses.
Conclusion
The attributes of potency, broad recognition of a highly conserved epitope, retention of high-level effector functions in addition to half-life extension support the development of VIR-2482 as a universal prophylactic for influenza A illness.
Disclosures
Matteo Samuele Pizzuto, PhD, VIR Biotechnology (Employee) Fabrizia Zatta, n/a, Vir Biotechnology (Employee) Andrea Minola, MS, Vir Biotechnology (Employee) Alessia Peter, n/a, Vir Biotechnology (Employee) Katja Culap, n/a, Vir Biotechnology (Employee) Leah Soriaga, PhD, Vir Biotechnology (Employee) Anna De Marco, n/a, Vir Biotechnology (Employee) Barbara Guarino, PhD, Vir Biotechnology (Employee) Nadia Passini, n/a, Vir Biotechnology (Employee) David K. Hong, MD, Vir Biotechnology (Employee) Fabio Benigni, PhD, Vir Biotechnology (Employee) Christy Hebner, PhD, Vir Biotechnology (Employee) Aurelio Bonavia, PhD, Vir Biotechnology (Employee) Davide Corti, PhD, Vir Biotechnology (Employee)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrizia Zatta
- Humabs Biomed SA a subsidiary of VIR Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Ticino, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Minola
- Humabs Biomed SA a subsidiary of VIR Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Ticino, Switzerland
| | | | - Katja Culap
- Humabs Biomed SA a subsidiary of VIR Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Ticino, Switzerland
| | - Siro Bianchi
- Humabs Biomed SA a subsidiary of VIR Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Ticino, Switzerland
| | | | - Anna De Marco
- Humabs Biomed SA a subsidiary of VIR Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Ticino, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Guarino
- Humabs Biomed SA a subsidiary of VIR Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Ticino, Switzerland
| | - Nadia Passini
- Humabs Biomed SA a subsidiary of VIR Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Ticino, Switzerland
| | | | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs Biomed SA a subsidiary of VIR Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Ticino, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA a subsidiary of VIR Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Ticino, Switzerland
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20
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Tortorici MA, Beltramello M, Lempp FA, Pinto D, Dang HV, Rosen LE, McCallum M, Bowen J, Minola A, Jaconi S, Zatta F, De Marco A, Guarino B, Bianchi S, Lauron EJ, Tucker H, Zhou J, Peter A, Havenar-Daughton C, Wojcechowskyj JA, Case JB, Chen RE, Kaiser H, Montiel-Ruiz M, Meury M, Czudnochowski N, Spreafico R, Dillen J, Ng C, Sprugasci N, Culap K, Benigni F, Abdelnabi R, Foo SYC, Schmid MA, Cameroni E, Riva A, Gabrieli A, Galli M, Pizzuto MS, Neyts J, Diamond MS, Virgin HW, Snell G, Corti D, Fink K, Veesler D. Ultrapotent human antibodies protect against SARS-CoV-2 challenge via multiple mechanisms. Science 2020; 370:950-957. [PMID: 32972994 PMCID: PMC7857395 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe3354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Efficient therapeutic options are needed to control the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has caused more than 922,000 fatalities as of 13 September 2020. We report the isolation and characterization of two ultrapotent SARS-CoV-2 human neutralizing antibodies (S2E12 and S2M11) that protect hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Cryo-electron microscopy structures show that S2E12 and S2M11 competitively block angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) attachment and that S2M11 also locks the spike in a closed conformation by recognition of a quaternary epitope spanning two adjacent receptor-binding domains. Antibody cocktails that include S2M11, S2E12, or the previously identified S309 antibody broadly neutralize a panel of circulating SARS-CoV-2 isolates and activate effector functions. Our results pave the way to implement antibody cocktails for prophylaxis or therapy, circumventing or limiting the emergence of viral escape mutants.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs/immunology
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Viral/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- CHO Cells
- COVID-19
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/therapy
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunodominant Epitopes/chemistry
- Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology
- Microscopy, Electron
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/therapy
- Protein Domains/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/antagonists & inhibitors
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alejandra Tortorici
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institut Pasteur and CNRS UMR 3569, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Paris, France
| | - Martina Beltramello
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Dora Pinto
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ha V Dang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Matthew McCallum
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrea Minola
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Jaconi
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizia Zatta
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anna De Marco
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Guarino
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Siro Bianchi
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jiayi Zhou
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alessia Peter
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - James Brett Case
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rita E Chen
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Josh Dillen
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cindy Ng
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nicole Sprugasci
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Katja Culap
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shi-Yan Caroline Foo
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael A Schmid
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cameroni
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Agostino Riva
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Gabrieli
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Galli
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo S Pizzuto
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- UTSouthwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Davide Corti
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Katja Fink
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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21
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Zuppone S, Bresolin A, Spinelli AE, Fallara G, Lucianò R, Scarfò F, Benigni F, Di Muzio N, Fiorino C, Briganti A, Salonia A, Montorsi F, Vago R, Cozzarini C. Pre-clinical Research on Bladder Toxicity After Radiotherapy for Pelvic Cancers: State-of-the Art and Challenges. Front Oncol 2020; 10:527121. [PMID: 33194587 PMCID: PMC7642999 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.527121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the dramatic advancements in pelvic radiotherapy, urinary toxicity remains a significant side-effect. The assessment of clinico-dosimetric predictors of radiation cystitis (RC) based on clinical data has improved substantially over the last decade; however, a thorough understanding of the physiopathogenetic mechanisms underlying the onset of RC, with its variegated acute and late urinary symptoms, is still largely lacking, and data from pre-clinical research is still limited. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the main open issues and, ideally, to help investigators in orienting future research. First, anatomy and physiology of bladder, as well as the current knowledge of dose and dose-volume effects in humans, are briefly summarized. Subsequently, pre-clinical radiobiology aspects of RC are discussed. The findings suggest that pre-clinical research on RC in animal models is a lively field of research with growing interest in the development of new radioprotective agents. The availability of new high precision micro-irradiators and the rapid advances in small animal imaging might lead to big improvement into this field. In particular, studies focusing on the definition of dose and fractionation are warranted, especially considering the growing interest in hypo-fractionation and ablative therapies for prostate cancer treatment. Moreover, improvement in radiotherapy plans optimization by selectively reducing radiation dose to more radiosensitive substructures close to the bladder would be of paramount importance. Finally, thanks to new pre-clinical imaging platforms, reliable and reproducible methods to assess the severity of RC in animal models are expected to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Zuppone
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione Centro San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Bresolin
- Fondazione Centro San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Physics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonello E Spinelli
- Experimental Imaging Center, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fallara
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Lucianò
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Scarfò
- Unit of Pathology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Di Muzio
- Department of Radiotherapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Fiorino
- Department of Medical Physics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vago
- Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Cozzarini
- Department of Radiotherapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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22
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Kreuz M, Otto DJ, Fuessel S, Blumert C, Bertram C, Bartsch S, Loeffler D, Puppel SH, Rade M, Buschmann T, Christ S, Erdmann K, Friedrich M, Froehner M, Muders MH, Schreiber S, Specht M, Toma MI, Benigni F, Freschi M, Gandaglia G, Briganti A, Baretton GB, Loeffler M, Hackermüller J, Reiche K, Wirth M, Horn F. ProstaTrend-A Multivariable Prognostic RNA Expression Score for Aggressive Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2020; 78:452-459. [PMID: 32631745 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent solid cancer among men in Western Countries. The clinical behavior of localized PCa is highly variable. Some cancers are aggressive leading to death, while others can even be monitored safely. Hence, there is a high clinical need for precise biomarkers for identification of aggressive disease in addition to established clinical parameters. OBJECTIVE To develop an RNA expression-based score for the prediction of PCa prognosis that facilitates clinical decision making. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We assessed 233 tissue specimens of PCa patients with long-term follow-up data from fresh-frozen radical prostatectomies (RPs), from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded RP specimens and biopsies by transcriptome-wide next-generation sequencing and customized expression microarrays. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS We applied Cox proportional hazard models to the cohorts from different platforms and specimen types. Evidence from these models was combined by fixed-effect meta-analysis to identify genes predictive of the time to death of disease (DoD). Genes were combined by a weighted median approach into a prognostic score called ProstaTrend and transferred for the prediction of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after RP in an independent cohort of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS ProstaTrend comprising ∼1400 genes was significantly associated with DoD in the training cohort of PCa patients treated by RP (leave-one-out cross-validation, Cox regression: p=2e-09) and with BCR in the TCGA validation cohort (Cox regression: p=3e-06). The prognostic impact persisted after multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusting for Gleason grading group (GG) ≥3 and resection status (p=0.001; DoD, training cohort) and for GG≥3, pathological stage ≥T3, and resection state (p=0.037; BCR, validation cohort). CONCLUSIONS ProstaTrend is a transcriptome-based score that predicts DoD and BCR in cohorts of PCa patients treated with RP. PATIENT SUMMARY ProstaTrend provides molecular patient risk stratification after radical prostatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kreuz
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany; Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dominik J Otto
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Fuessel
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Conny Blumert
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Catharina Bertram
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sophie Bartsch
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dennis Loeffler
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven-Holger Puppel
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Rade
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tilo Buschmann
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabina Christ
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kati Erdmann
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Dresden, Germany
| | - Maik Friedrich
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Froehner
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Department of Urology, Zeisigwaldkliniken Bethanien, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Michael H Muders
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany; Rudolf-Becker-Laboratory for Prostate Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Michael Specht
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marieta I Toma
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Freschi
- Pathology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Gandaglia
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, URI, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gustavo B Baretton
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Kristin Reiche
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Manfred Wirth
- Department of Urology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Friedemann Horn
- Department of Diagnostics, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Leipzig, Germany; Institute of Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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23
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Perruzza L, Jaconi S, Lombardo G, Pinna D, Strati F, Morone D, Seehusen F, Hu Y, Bajoria S, Xiong J, Kumru OS, Joshi SB, Volkin DB, Piantanida R, Benigni F, Grassi F, Corti D, Pizzuto MS. Prophylactic Activity of Orally Administered FliD-Reactive Monoclonal SIgA Against Campylobacter Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1011. [PMID: 32582158 PMCID: PMC7296071 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter infection is one of the most common causes of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and a major global health threat due to the rapid development of antibiotic resistance. Currently, there are no vaccines approved to prevent campylobacteriosis, and rehydration is the main form of therapy. Secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is the main antibody class found in mucous secretions, including human milk, and serves as the first line of defense for the gastrointestinal epithelium against enteric pathogens. In this study, we describe the prophylactic activity of orally delivered recombinant SIgA generated from two human monoclonal antibodies (CAA1 and CCG4) isolated for their reactivity against the flagellar-capping protein FliD, which is essential for bacteria motility and highly conserved across Campylobacter species associated with severe enteritis. In an immunocompetent weaned mouse model, a single oral administration of FliD-reactive SIgA CAA1 or CCG4 at 2 h before infection significantly enhances Campylobacter clearance at early stages post-infection, reducing the levels of inflammation markers associated with epithelial damage and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells infiltration in the cecum lamina propria. Our data indicate that the prophylactic activity of CAA1 and CCG4 is not only dependent on the specificity to FliD but also on the use of the SIgA format, as the immunoglobulin G (IgG) versions of the same antibodies did not confer a comparable protective effect. Our work emphasizes the potential of FliD as a target for the development of vaccines and supports the concept that orally administered FliD-reactive SIgA can be developed to prevent or mitigate the severity of Campylobacter infections as well as the development of post-infection syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Perruzza
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Jaconi
- Humabs BioMed SA a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology Inc., Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Gloria Lombardo
- Humabs BioMed SA a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology Inc., Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Debora Pinna
- Humabs BioMed SA a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology Inc., Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Strati
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Diego Morone
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Frauke Seehusen
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology (LAMP), Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yue Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Sakshi Bajoria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Jian Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Ozan Selahattin Kumru
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Sangeeta Bagai Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - David Bernard Volkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vaccine Analytics and Formulation Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Renato Piantanida
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs BioMed SA a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology Inc., Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Grassi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs BioMed SA a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology Inc., Bellinzona, Switzerland
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24
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Vago R, Ravelli A, Bettiga A, Casati S, Lavorgna G, Benigni F, Salonia A, Montorsi F, Orioli M, Ciuffreda P, Ottria R. Urine Endocannabinoids as Novel Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer at Early Stage. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040870. [PMID: 32260109 PMCID: PMC7226386 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the involvement of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in cancer onset and progression and the less studied connection between ECS and bladder cancer, here an evaluation of the ECS modifications associated with bladder cancer is reported. Urine samples were collected from healthy volunteers and patients with bladder cancer at different grades. Endocannabinoids (ECs) and N-acylethanolamides (NAEs) were quantified by HPLC-MS/MS and results normalized for creatinine content. An increase in the urine concentrations of four ECs and NAEs analyzed was observed with a statistically significant increase in the arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) and stearoylethanoamide (SEA) associated with bladder cancer. Receiver operating characteristic curves built with AEA and SEA data allowed the selection of 160 pg/mL for SEA (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.91, Selectivity (SE) 94%, Specificity (SP) 45%) and 8 pg/mL for AEA (AUC = 0.85, SE 94%, SP 61%) as the best cut-off values. Moreover, data from bladder cancer samples at different grades were derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas, and the expressions of thirteen different components of the “endocannabinoidome” were analyzed. Statistical analysis highlights significant variations in the expression of three enzymes involved in EC and NAE turnover in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Vago
- Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milano, Italy; (R.V.); (A.B.); (G.L.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ravelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Sezione di Tossicologia Forense, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.R.); (M.O.)
| | - Arianna Bettiga
- Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milano, Italy; (R.V.); (A.B.); (G.L.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvana Casati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (S.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Giovanni Lavorgna
- Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milano, Italy; (R.V.); (A.B.); (G.L.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milano, Italy; (R.V.); (A.B.); (G.L.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milano, Italy; (R.V.); (A.B.); (G.L.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milano, Italy; (R.V.); (A.B.); (G.L.); (F.B.); (A.S.); (F.M.)
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Marica Orioli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Chirurgiche ed Odontoiatriche, Sezione di Tossicologia Forense, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.R.); (M.O.)
| | - Pierangela Ciuffreda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (S.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Roberta Ottria
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20157 Milano, Italy; (S.C.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-5031-9693
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25
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Cortesi F, Delfanti G, Grilli A, Calcinotto A, Gorini F, Pucci F, Lucianò R, Grioni M, Recchia A, Benigni F, Briganti A, Salonia A, De Palma M, Bicciato S, Doglioni C, Bellone M, Casorati G, Dellabona P. Bimodal CD40/Fas-Dependent Crosstalk between iNKT Cells and Tumor-Associated Macrophages Impairs Prostate Cancer Progression. Cell Rep 2019. [PMID: 29539427 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterotypic cellular and molecular interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) control cancer progression. Here, we show that CD1d-restricted invariant natural killer (iNKT) cells control prostate cancer (PCa) progression by sculpting the TME. In a mouse PCa model, iNKT cells restrained the pro-angiogenic and immunosuppressive capabilities of tumor-infiltrating immune cells by reducing pro-angiogenic TIE2+, M2-like macrophages (TEMs), and sustaining pro-inflammatory M1-like macrophages. iNKT cells directly contacted macrophages in the PCa stroma, and iNKT cell transfer into tumor-bearing mice abated TEMs, delaying tumor progression. iNKT cells modulated macrophages through the cooperative engagement of CD1d, Fas, and CD40, which promoted selective killing of M2-like and survival of M1-like macrophages. Human PCa aggressiveness associate with reduced intra-tumoral iNKT cells, increased TEMs, and expression of pro-angiogenic genes, underscoring the clinical significance of this crosstalk. Therefore, iNKT cells may control PCa through mechanisms involving differential macrophage modulation, which may be harnessed for therapeutically reprogramming the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Cortesi
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Gloria Delfanti
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Andrea Grilli
- Center for Genome Research Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; PhD Program of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20090 Segrate, Italy
| | - Arianna Calcinotto
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Francesca Gorini
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | | | - Roberta Lucianò
- Division of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Matteo Grioni
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Alessandra Recchia
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan 20123, Italy; San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Michele De Palma
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Bicciato
- Center for Genome Research Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Division of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy; San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milan 20123, Italy
| | - Matteo Bellone
- Cellular Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy.
| | - Giulia Casorati
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy.
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20123, Italy.
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26
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Perotti V, Baldassari P, Molla A, Nicolini G, Bersani I, Grazia G, Benigni F, Maurichi A, Santinami M, Anichini A, Mortarini R. An actionable axis linking NFATc2 to EZH2 controls the EMT-like program of melanoma cells. Oncogene 2019; 38:4384-4396. [PMID: 30710146 PMCID: PMC6756060 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0729-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of new actionable targets and functional networks in melanoma is an urgent need as only a fraction of metastatic patients achieves durable clinical benefit by targeted therapy or immunotherapy approaches. Here we show that NFATc2 expression is associated with an EMT-like transcriptional program and with an invasive melanoma phenotype, as shown by analysis of melanoma cell lines at the mRNA and protein levels, interrogation of the TCGA melanoma dataset and characterization of melanoma lesions by immunohistochemistry. Gene silencing or pharmacological inhibition of NFATc2 downregulated EMT-related genes and AXL, and suppressed c-Myc, FOXM1, and EZH2. Targeting of c-Myc suppressed FOXM1 and EZH2, while targeting of FOXM1 suppressed EZH2. Inhibition of c-Myc, or FOXM1, or EZH2 downregulated EMT-related gene expression, upregulated MITF and suppressed migratory and invasive activity of neoplastic cells. Stable silencing of NFATc2 impaired melanoma cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo in SCID mice. In NFATc2+ EZH2+ melanoma cell lines pharmacological co-targeting of NFATc2 and EZH2 exerted strong anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity, irrespective of BRAF or NRAS mutations and of BRAF inhibitor resistance. These results provide preclinical evidence for a role of NFATc2 in shaping the EMT-like melanoma phenotype and reveal a targetable vulnerability associated with NFATc2 and EZH2 expression in melanoma cells belonging to different mutational subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Perotti
- Department of Research, Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Baldassari
- Department of Research, Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Molla
- Department of Research, Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Bersani
- Department of Research, Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Grazia
- Department of Research, Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Benigni
- HuMabs Biomed, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Maurichi
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Santinami
- Melanoma and Sarcoma Unit, Department of Surgery, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Anichini
- Department of Research, Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Mortarini
- Department of Research, Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Milan, Italy.
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27
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Colombo R, Rocchini L, Suardi N, Benigni F, Colciago G, Bettiga A, Pellucchi F, Maccagnano C, Briganti A, Salonia A, Rigatti P, Montorsi F. Corrigendum re "Neoadjuvant Short-term Intensive Intravesical Mitomycin C Regimen Compared with Weekly Schedule for Low-grade Recurrent Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: Preliminary Results of a Randomised Phase 2 Study" [Eur Urol 2012;62:797-802]. Eur Urol 2018; 75:e81. [PMID: 30409675 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Colombo
- Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy; Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Rocchini
- Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy; Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Nazareno Suardi
- Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy; Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Colciago
- Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Bettiga
- Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Pellucchi
- Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy; Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Maccagnano
- Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy; Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy; Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy; Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizio Rigatti
- Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy; Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Department of Urology, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy; Urological Research Institute, University Vita-Salute, Milan, Italy
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28
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Drusian L, Nigro EA, Mannella V, Pagliarini R, Pema M, Costa ASH, Benigni F, Larcher A, Chiaravalli M, Gaude E, Montorsi F, Capitanio U, Musco G, Frezza C, Boletta A. mTORC1 Upregulation Leads to Accumulation of the Oncometabolite Fumarate in a Mouse Model of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cell Rep 2018; 24:1093-1104.e6. [PMID: 30067967 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.06.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) are common cancers diagnosed in more than 350,000 people each year worldwide. Several pathways are de-regulated in RCCs, including mTORC1. However, how mTOR drives tumorigenesis in this context is unknown. The lack of faithful animal models has limited progress in understanding and targeting RCCs. Here, we generated a mouse model harboring the kidney-specific inactivation of Tsc1. These animals develop cysts that evolve into papillae, cystadenomas, and papillary carcinomas. Global profiling confirmed several metabolic derangements previously attributed to mTORC1. Notably, Tsc1 inactivation results in the accumulation of fumarate and in mTOR-dependent downregulation of the TCA cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH). The re-expression of FH in cellular systems lacking Tsc1 partially rescued renal epithelial transformation. Importantly, the mTORC1-FH axis is likely conserved in human RCC specimens. We reveal a role of mTORC1 in renal tumorigenesis, which depends on the oncometabolite fumarate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Drusian
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; PhD Program in Biology and Biotherapy of Cancer, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Agnese Nigro
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Mannella
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Pagliarini
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Monika Pema
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana S H Costa
- MRC, Cancer Unit Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Larcher
- Department of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Chiaravalli
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Gaude
- MRC, Cancer Unit Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Capitanio
- Urological Research Institute (URI), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Department of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Musco
- Biomolecular NMR Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC, Cancer Unit Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Alessandra Boletta
- Molecular Basis of Cystic Kidney Disorders Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Corti D, Benigni F, Shouval D. Viral envelope-specific antibodies in chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Curr Opin Virol 2018; 30:48-57. [PMID: 29738926 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
While the cellular immune response associated with acute and chronic HBV infection has been thoroughly studied, the B cell response in chronic hepatitis B and the role of antibodies raised against the HBV envelope antigens in controlling and prevention of infection requires further investigation. The detection of anti-HBs antibodies is considered as one of the biomarkers for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B virus infection, as well as for protective immunity. Indeed, vaccine-induced neutralizing anti-HBs antibodies have been shown to protect against HBV challenge. Yet, the therapeutic potential of viral envelope-specific antibodies and the mechanism involved in protection and prevention of cell-to-cell transmission warrants additional investigative efforts. In this review, we will provide a critical overview of the available preclinical and clinical literature supporting the putative role of active and passive vaccination and neutralizing envelope-specific antibodies for therapeutic intervention in combination regimens intended to cure persistent HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Corti
- Humabs BioMed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs BioMed SA, A Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Shouval
- Liver Unit, Institute for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital, P.O. Box 12000, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel.
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Trevisani F, Capitanio U, Larcher A, Bua L, Benigni F, Muttin F, Briganti A, Bettiga A, Vago R, Cinque A, Carenzi C, Di Marco F, Fichera D, Ripa F, Gianolli L, Negrin N, Gonzles Rinne A, Torres A, Lima SL, Porrini E, Salonia A, Montorsi F. FP094ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE: DO WE MEASURE THE REAL RENAL FUNCTION OR ARE WE STILL GROPING IN THE DARK? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy104.fp094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Umberto Capitanio
- Dept. of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Lina Bua
- Dept. of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Dept. of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - fabio Muttin
- Dept. of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Dept. of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Bettiga
- Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vago
- Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Cinque
- Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Carenzi
- Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Di Marco
- Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Fichera
- Dept. of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Ripa
- Dept. of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Gianolli
- Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - N Negrin
- Dept. of Nephrology, University Hospital of The Canary Island, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - A Gonzles Rinne
- Dept. of Nephrology, University Hospital of The Canary Island, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - A Torres
- Dept. of Nephrology, University Hospital of The Canary Island, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - S L Lima
- Dept. of Nephrology, University Hospital of The Canary Island, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Esteban Porrini
- Dept. of Nephrology, University Hospital of The Canary Island, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Dept. of Urology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Sorosina M, Clarelli F, Ferrè L, Osiceanu AM, Unal NT, Mascia E, Martinelli V, Comi G, Benigni F, Esposito F, Martinelli Boneschi F. Clinical response to Nabiximols correlates with the downregulation of immune pathways in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol 2018. [PMID: 29528549 DOI: 10.1111/ene.13623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nabiximols (Sativex® ) is a cannabinoid-based compound used for the treatment of moderate to severe spasticity in multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the administration of Nabiximols on blood transcriptome profile of patients with MS and to interpret it in the context of pathways and networks. METHODS Whole-genome expression profiling was performed in whole blood of 33 subjects with MS at baseline and after 4 weeks of drug treatment. Patients were classified as responders (n = 19) and non-responders (n = 14). Pathway and network analyses on genes modulated by the drug were performed, followed by in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with pro-inflammatory agents to support the immunomodulatory properties of the drug. RESULTS Individual effect size was modest; however, we observed a downregulation of several immune-related pathways after 4 weeks of treatment, which was more pronounced when restricting analyses to responders. Interesting hub molecules functionally related to the immune system emerged from network analysis, including NFKB1, FYN, MAP14 and TP53. The immunomodulatory properties of the drug were confirmed through in vitro assays in peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected from patients with MS. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support the immunomodulatory activity of cannabinoids in patients with MS. Further studies in more specific cell types are needed to refine these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sorosina
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - F Clarelli
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - L Ferrè
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan.,Department of Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - A M Osiceanu
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - N T Unal
- Division of Oncology-Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - E Mascia
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - V Martinelli
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - G Comi
- Department of Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - F Benigni
- Division of Oncology-Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - F Esposito
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan.,Department of Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - F Martinelli Boneschi
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Neurological Disorders, CNS Inflammatory Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan.,Department of Neurology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
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32
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Ueckert S, Colciago G, Benigni F, Bannowsky A, Kuczyk M, Hedlund P. MP43-10 THE ENDOCANNABINOID SYSTEM IN MALE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION: EXPRESSION AND LOCALIZATION OF FATTY ACID AMIDE HYDROLASE (FAAH) IN THE SEMINAL VESICLES AND VAS DEFERENS. J Urol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.02.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Di Trapani E, Nini A, Locatelli I, Buono R, Russo A, Dell'Oglio P, Castiglione F, La Croce G, Benigni F, Montorsi F, Salonia A, Cavarretta I, Briganti A. Development of the First Model of Radical Prostatectomy in the Mouse: A Feasibility Study. Eur Urol 2017; 73:482-484. [PMID: 29150358 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Di Trapani
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Nini
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Locatelli
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Buono
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Russo
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Dell'Oglio
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Castiglione
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni La Croce
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cavarretta
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Department of Urology and Division of Experimental Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Ückert S, la Croce G, Bettiga A, Albrecht K, Buono R, Benigni F, Kuczyk MA, Hedlund P. Expression and distribution of key proteins of the endocannabinoid system in the human seminal vesicles. Andrologia 2017; 50. [PMID: 28786134 DOI: 10.1111/and.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system (ECS), comprising the cannabinoid receptors (CBR), their ligands, and enzymes controlling the turnover of endocannabinoids, has been suggested to be involved in male reproductive function. As information is scarce on the expression of the ECS in human male reproductive tissues, this study aimed to investigate by means of molecular biology (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry/immunofluorescence the expression and distribution of CB1 and CB2, GPR55 (an orphan G protein-coupled receptor that recognises cannabinoid ligands) and FAAH (isoforms 1 and 2) in the human seminal vesicles (SV). The specimens expressed PCR products corresponding to CB1 (66 bp), CB2 (141 bp), GPR55 (112 bp), FAAH1 (260 bp) and FAAH2 (387 bp). Immumohistochemistry revealed dense expression of CB1, CB2 and GPR55 located to the pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium and varicose nerves (also characterised by the expression of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and calcitonin gene-related peptide). Cytosolic staining for FAAH1 and FAAH2 was seen in cuboidal cells of all layers of the epithelium. No immunoreactivity was detected in the smooth musculature or nerve fibres. CB1, CB2, GPR55, FAAH1 and FAAH2 are highly expressed in the human SV. Considering their localisation, the ECS may be involved in epithelial homeostasis, secretory function or autonomic mechano-afferent signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ückert
- Division of Surgery, Department of Urology & Urological Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - G la Croce
- Faculty of Medicine, Urological Research Institute (URI), University Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - A Bettiga
- Faculty of Medicine, Urological Research Institute (URI), University Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - K Albrecht
- Institute for Legal (Forensic) Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - R Buono
- Department of Gerontology, University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - F Benigni
- Faculty of Medicine, Urological Research Institute (URI), University Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - M A Kuczyk
- Division of Surgery, Department of Urology & Urological Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - P Hedlund
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Trevisani F, Larcher A, Cinque A, Capitanio U, Ripa F, Vago R, Bettiga A, Benigni F, Carenzi C, Muttin F, Bertini R, Briganti A, Salonia A, Rampoldi L, Montorsi F. The Association of Uromodulin Genotype with Renal Cancer Aggressiveness. Eur Urol Focus 2017; 5:262-265. [PMID: 28753889 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the association of the uromodulin (UMOD) genotype with patient health status and with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) aggressiveness. The UMOD genotype at the top single nucleotide variant rs4293393 was determined in a cohort of 211 patients diagnosed with a renal mass and treated with surgery. Clinical data were prospectively collected. Due to the higher frequency of allele T relative to the lower frequency of allele C, recessive homozygous (CC), and heterozygous (TC) patients were grouped together and compared with homozygous (TT) patients. Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests were used to compare clinical characteristics after stratification for the UMOD genotype. UMOD genotype frequencies resulted TT and TC-CC in 67% (n=141) and 33% (n=70) of the population, respectively. The rate of cM1 RCC at clinical staging was higher in patients with genotype TT relative to patients with genotype TC-CC (18% vs 1%, p=0.001). Similarly, the rate of pT3-pT4 (41% vs 25%, p=0.047) and lymphovascular invasion (29% vs 13%, p=0.02) RCC at final pathology were higher in patients with genotype TT relative to patients with genotype TC-CC. PATIENT SUMMARY: In patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma and treated with surgery, uromodulin homozygous genotype is associated with more aggressive renal cell carcinoma clinical and pathological characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Trevisani
- URI - Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Unit of Urology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Larcher
- URI - Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Unit of Urology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Cinque
- URI - Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Umberto Capitanio
- URI - Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Unit of Urology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Ripa
- URI - Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Unit of Urology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Vago
- URI - Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Bettiga
- URI - Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Benigni
- URI - Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Carenzi
- URI - Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Muttin
- URI - Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Unit of Urology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Bertini
- URI - Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Unit of Urology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Briganti
- URI - Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Unit of Urology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- URI - Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Unit of Urology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Rampoldi
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- URI - Urological Research Institute, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Unit of Urology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Trevisani F, Capitanio U, Larcher A, Gianolli L, Cinque A, Bettiga A, Vago R, Carenzi C, Bertini R, Salonia A, Briganti A, Bua L, Muttin F, Benigni F, Negrin N, Gonzales Rinne A, Torres A, Luis Lima S, Porrini E, Montorsi F. MP313ESTIMATED GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE: DO WE MEASURE THE REAL RENAL FUNCTION OR ARE WE STILL GROPING IN THE DARK? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx168.mp313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Trevisani F, Larcher A, Cinque A, Capitanio U, Ripa F, Vago R, Bettiga A, Benigni F, Muttin F, Carenzi C, Bertini R, Briganti A, Salonia A, Rampoldi L, Montorsi F. SP018THE ASSOCIATION OF UROMODULIN GENOTYPE WITH RENAL CANCER AGGRESSIVENESS. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx138.sp018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fallara G, Benigni F, Cozzarini C, Noris Chiorda B, Sini C, Perani L, Spinelli A, Venturini M, Salonia A, Briganti A, Montorsi F, Di Muzio N, Fiorino C. OC-0222: GnRH receptor blockade reduces radiation-induced bladder toxicity: first evidence in a rat model. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)30665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Trevisani F, Ghidini M, Larcher A, Lampis A, Lote H, Manunta P, Alibrandi MTS, Zagato L, Citterio L, Dell'Antonio G, Carenzi C, Capasso G, Rugge M, Rigotti P, Bertini R, Cascione L, Briganti A, Salonia A, Benigni F, Braconi C, Fassan M, Hahne JC, Montorsi F, Valeri N. MicroRNA 193b-3p as a predictive biomarker of chronic kidney disease in patients undergoing radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2016; 115:1343-1350. [PMID: 27802451 PMCID: PMC5129818 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant proportion of patients undergoing radical nephrectomy (RN) for clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) develop chronic kidney disease (CKD) within a few years following surgery. Chronic kidney disease has important health, social and economic impact and no predictive biomarkers are currently available. MicroRNAs (miRs) are small non-coding RNAs implicated in several pathological processes. METHODS Primary objective of our study was to define miRs whose deregulation is predictive of CKD in patients treated with RN. Ribonucleic acid from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded renal parenchyma (cortex and medulla isolated separately) situated >3 cm from the matching RCC was tested for miR expression using nCounter NanoString technology in 71 consecutive patients treated with RN for RCC. Validation was performed by RT-PCR and in situ hybridisation. End point was post-RN CKD measured 12 months post-operatively. Multivariable logistic regression and decision curve analysis were used to test the statistical and clinical impact of predictors of CKD. RESULTS The overexpression of miR-193b-3p was associated with high risk of developing CKD in patients undergoing RN for RCC and emerged as an independent predictor of CKD. The addition of miR-193b-3p to a predictive model based on clinical variables (including sex and estimated glomerular filtration rate) increased the sensitivity of the predictive model from 81 to 88%. In situ hybridisation showed that miR-193b-3p overexpression was associated with tubule-interstitial inflammation and fibrosis in patients with no clinical or biochemical evidence of pre-RN nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS miR-193b-3p might represent a useful biomarker to tailor and implement surveillance strategies for patients at high risk of developing CKD following RN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Trevisani
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Urology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Michele Ghidini
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Larcher
- Department of Urology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Lampis
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Hazel Lote
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Paolo Manunta
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Genomics of Renal Disease and Hypertension Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Zagato
- Genomics of Renal Disease and Hypertension Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorena Citterio
- Genomics of Renal Disease and Hypertension Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Carenzi
- Department of Urology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Rugge
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paolo Rigotti
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberto Bertini
- Department of Urology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Cascione
- Bioinformatics Core Unit, Institute of Oncology Research, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alberto Briganti
- Department of Urology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Department of Urology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Department of Urology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Braconi
- Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Jens Claus Hahne
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Francesco Montorsi
- Department of Urology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology; IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
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Benigni F, Cozzarini C, Sini C, Spinelli A, Venturini M, Perani L, Sacco V, Viale A, Capelli A, Mondino A, Briganti A, Bellone M, Fiorino C, Calandrino R, Di Muzio N. EP-2053: In-vivo imaging of rat leukocytes redistribution after pelvic irradiation. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)33304-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dr. Weinhold P, Strittmatter F, Stief C, Gratzke C, Montorsi F, Bettiga A, Benigni F, Hedlund P. MP58-20 TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL V4 (TRPV4)-ION CHANNEL-ACTIVE DRUGS MODIFY NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL URETER IN VIVO PERISTALSIS IN RATS. J Urol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.02.818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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42
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Trevisani F, Cascione L, Ghidini M, Lampis A, Fassan M, Hanhe J, Dell'Antonia G, Rigotti P, Larcher A, Capitanio U, Benigni F, Briganti A, Bertini R, Salonia A, Montorsi F, Valeri N. 228 Predictive molecular biomarkers of renal clear cell carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-9056(16)60230-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Granata A, Nicoletti R, Perego P, Iorio E, Krishnamachary B, Benigni F, Ricci A, Podo F, Bhujwalla ZM, Canevari S, Bagnoli M, Mezzanzanica D. Global metabolic profile identifies choline kinase alpha as a key regulator of glutathione-dependent antioxidant cell defense in ovarian carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11216-30. [PMID: 25796169 PMCID: PMC4484451 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) "cholinic phenotype", characterized by increased intracellular phosphocholine content sustained by over-expression/activity of choline kinase-alpha (ChoKα/CHKA), is a metabolic cellular reprogramming involved in chemoresistance with still unknown mechanisms.By stable CHKA silencing and global metabolic profiling here we demonstrate that CHKA knockdown hampers growth capability of EOC cell lines both in vitro and in xenotransplant in vivo models. It also affected antioxidant cellular defenses, decreasing glutathione and cysteine content while increasing intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species, overall sensitizing EOC cells to current chemotherapeutic regimens. Natural recovering of ChoKα expression after its transient silencing rescued the wild-type phenotype, restoring intracellular glutathione content and drug resistance. Rescue and phenocopy of siCHKA-related effects were also obtained by artificial modulation of glutathione levels. The direct relationship among CHKA expression, glutathione intracellular content and drug sensitivity was overall demonstrated in six different EOC cell lines but notably, siCHKA did not affect growth capability, glutathione metabolism and/or drug sensitivity of non-tumoral immortalized ovarian cells. The "cholinic phenotype", by recapitulating EOC addiction to glutathione content for the maintenance of the antioxidant defense, can be therefore considered a unique feature of cancer cells and a suitable target to improve chemotherapeutics efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Granata
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Nicoletti
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Egidio Iorio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Division of Oncology, Urological Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ricci
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Franca Podo
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Bagnoli
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Delia Mezzanzanica
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Mistretta FA, Russo A, Castiglione F, Bettiga A, Colciago G, Montorsi F, Brandolini L, Aramini A, Bianchini G, Allegretti M, Bovolenta S, Russo R, Benigni F, Hedlund P. DFL23448, A Novel Transient Receptor Potential Melastin 8-Selective Ion Channel Antagonist, Modifies Bladder Function and Reduces Bladder Overactivity in Awake Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 356:200-11. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.228684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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45
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Frigerio B, Benigni F, Luison E, Seregni E, Pascali C, Fracasso G, Morlino S, Valdagni R, Mezzanzanica D, Canevari S, Figini M. Effect of radiochemical modification on biodistribution of scFvD2B antibody fragment recognising prostate specific membrane antigen. Immunol Lett 2015; 168:105-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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46
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Castiglione F, Bergamini A, Albersen M, Hannan JL, Bivalacqua TJ, Bettiga A, Benigni F, Salonia A, Montorsi F, Hedlund P. Pelvic nerve injury negatively impacts female genital blood flow and induces vaginal fibrosis-implications for human nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy. BJOG 2015; 122:1457-65. [PMID: 26179559 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to develop a novel animal model to study the impact of nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy (NSRH) on female genital blood flow. DESIGN In vivo animal study. POPULATION Thirty Sprague-Dawley female rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Female rats underwent either unilateral pelvic nerve (PN) crush (PNC; n = 9), or crush of both the PNs and all efferent nerves in the pelvic plexus ('clock-nerve crush', CNC; n = 9). Under anaesthesia, we electrically stimulated the crushed PN at 3 and 10 days after crush while monitoring blood pressure and recording clitoral and vaginal blood flows by laser Doppler. Uninjured PNs were stimulated as an internal control. Twelve additional rats were assigned either to bilateral PNC or sham surgery, and genital tissues were processed 10 days after injury for in vitro analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Genital blood flow, nNOS, eNOS, collagen I-III. RESULTS Stimulation of the crushed PN in both groups subjected to PNC and CNC induced significantly lower peak genital blood flow at 3 and 10 days (P < 0.05) compared to stimulation of the non-crushed control PN. The immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses revealed that all injured rats exhibited more vaginal collagen III and collagen I than rats did that ad undergone sham surgeries (P < 0.05). PCN reduced nNOS expression in both clitoral and vaginal tissue. CONCLUSIONS Based on our study it may be hypothesised that NSRH might cause reductions of genital blood flow and vaginal fibrosis due to neurapraxia of the pelvic nerve and reductions of nNOS nerve fibres in clitoral and distal vaginal tissue. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Pelvic nerve neurapraxia during nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy could lead to sexual arousal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Castiglione
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - A Bergamini
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Division of Oncology/Unit of Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - M Albersen
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory for Experimental Urology, Gene and Stem Cells Applications, Department of Development and Regeneration, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J L Hannan
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T J Bivalacqua
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Bettiga
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - F Benigni
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - A Salonia
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - F Montorsi
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - P Hedlund
- Division of Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Linköping, Sweden
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Trevisani F, Ghidini M, Manunta P, Hahne J, Lampis A, Braconi C, Sciarrone Alibrandi MT, Zagato L, Cittero L, Dell'antonio G, Bertini R, Salonia A, Benigni F, Capasso G, Rigatti P, Cestari A, Rugge M, Fassan M, Valeri N. SP299MICRORNA-200B AS PREDICTIVE BIOMARKER OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE (CKD) IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfv191.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Weinhold P, Villa L, Strittmatter F, Stief CG, Gratzke C, Montorsi F, Benigni F, Hedlund P. MP34-20 TRANSIENT RECEPTOR POTENTIAL A1 ION CHANNEL ANTAGONISM ABOLISHES INCREASED URETER IN VIVO PERISTALSIS CAUSED BY UROTHELIAL DAMAGE IN RATS. J Urol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2015.02.1316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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49
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Quarta A, Bernareggi D, Benigni F, Luison E, Nano G, Nitti S, Cesta MC, Di Ciccio L, Canevari S, Pellegrino T, Figini M. Targeting FR-expressing cells in ovarian cancer with Fab-functionalized nanoparticles: a full study to provide the proof of principle from in vitro to in vivo. Nanoscale 2015; 7:2336-2351. [PMID: 25504081 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04426f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Efficient targeting in tumor therapies is still an open issue: systemic biodistribution and poor specific accumulation of drugs weaken efficacy of treatments. Engineered nanoparticles are expected to bring benefits by allowing specific delivery of drug to the tumor or acting themselves as localized therapeutic agents. In this study we have targeted epithelial ovarian cancer with inorganic nanoparticles conjugated to a human antibody fragment against the folate receptor over-expressed on cancer cells. The conjugation approach is generally applicable. Indeed several types of nanoparticles (either magnetic or fluorescent) were engineered with the fragment, and their biological activity was preserved as demonstrated by biochemical methods in vitro. In vivo studies with mice bearing orthotopic and subcutaneous tumors were performed. Elemental and histological analyses showed that the conjugated magnetic nanoparticles accumulated specifically and were retained at tumor sites longer than the non-conjugated nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Quarta
- Nanoscience Institute of CNR, National Nanotechnology Laboratory, via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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50
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Grazia G, Vegetti C, Benigni F, Penna I, Perotti V, Tassi E, Bersani I, Nicolini G, Canevari S, Carlo-Stella C, Gianni AM, Mortarini R, Anichini A. Synergistic anti-tumor activity and inhibition of angiogenesis by cotargeting of oncogenic and death receptor pathways in human melanoma. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1434. [PMID: 25275595 PMCID: PMC4649516 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Improving treatment of advanced melanoma may require the development of effective strategies to overcome resistance to different anti-tumor agents and to counteract relevant pro-tumoral mechanisms in the microenvironment. Here we provide preclinical evidence that these goals can be achieved in most melanomas, by co-targeting of oncogenic and death receptor pathways, and independently of their BRAF, NRAS, p53 and PTEN status. In 49 melanoma cell lines, we found independent susceptibility profiles for response to the MEK1/2 inhibitor AZD6244, the PI3K/mTOR inhibitor BEZ235 and the death receptor ligand TRAIL, supporting the rationale for their association. Drug interaction analysis indicated that a strong synergistic anti-tumor activity could be achieved by the three agents and the AZD6244–TRAIL association on 20/21 melanomas, including cell lines resistant to the inhibitors or to TRAIL. Mechanistically, synergy was explained by enhanced induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis, mitochondrial depolarization and modulation of key regulators of extrinsic and intrinsic cell death pathways, including c-FLIP, BIM, BAX, clusterin, Mcl-1 and several IAP family members. Moreover, silencing experiments confirmed the central role of Apollon downmodulation in promoting the apoptotic response of melanoma cells to the combinatorial treatments. In SCID mice, the AZD6244–TRAIL association induced significant growth inhibition of a tumor resistant to TRAIL and poorly responsive to AZD6244, with no detectable adverse events on body weight and tissue histology. Reduction in tumor volume was associated not only with promotion of tumor apoptosis but also with suppression of the pro-angiogenic molecules HIF1α, VEGFα, IL-8 and TGFβ1 and with inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. These results suggest that synergistic co-targeting of oncogenic and death receptor pathways can not only overcome melanoma resistance to different anti-tumor agents in vitro but can also promote pro-apoptotic effects and inhibition of tumor angiogenesis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grazia
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, and Medical Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - C Vegetti
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, and Medical Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - F Benigni
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, URI, Milan, Italy
| | - I Penna
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, and Medical Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - V Perotti
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, and Medical Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - E Tassi
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, and Medical Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - I Bersani
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, and Medical Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - G Nicolini
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, and Medical Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Canevari
- Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, and Medical Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - C Carlo-Stella
- 1] Department of Oncology and Hematology, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Italy [2] Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - A M Gianni
- Medical Oncology Unit 2, Department of Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, and Medical Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - R Mortarini
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, and Medical Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - A Anichini
- Human Tumors Immunobiology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, and Medical Oncology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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