1
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Collier DA, De Marco A, Ferreira IATM, Meng B, Datir RP, Walls AC, Kemp SA, Bassi J, Pinto D, Silacci-Fregni C, Bianchi S, Tortorici MA, Bowen J, Culap K, Jaconi S, Cameroni E, Snell G, Pizzuto MS, Pellanda AF, Garzoni C, Riva A, Elmer A, Kingston N, Graves B, McCoy LE, Smith KGC, Bradley JR, Temperton N, Ceron-Gutierrez L, Barcenas-Morales G, Harvey W, Virgin HW, Lanzavecchia A, Piccoli L, Doffinger R, Wills M, Veesler D, Corti D, Gupta RK. Author Correction: Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 to mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies. Nature 2022; 608:E24. [PMID: 35864232 PMCID: PMC9302219 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05103-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dami A Collier
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna De Marco
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Isabella A T M Ferreira
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bo Meng
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rawlings P Datir
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra C Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven A Kemp
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica Bassi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Dora Pinto
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Siro Bianchi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - John Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katja Culap
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Jaconi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cameroni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Matteo S Pizzuto
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Garzoni
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Agostino Riva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anne Elmer
- NIHR Cambridge Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Laura E McCoy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R Bradley
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Bioresource, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Gabriela Barcenas-Morales
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Laboratorio de Inmunologia, UNAM, Cuautitlán, Mexico
| | - William Harvey
- Institute of Biodiversity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Luca Piccoli
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Doffinger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Wills
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK.
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2
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Meng B, Abdullahi A, Ferreira IATM, Goonawardane N, Saito A, Kimura I, Yamasoba D, Gerber PP, Fatihi S, Rathore S, Zepeda SK, Papa G, Kemp SA, Ikeda T, Toyoda M, Tan TS, Kuramochi J, Mitsunaga S, Ueno T, Shirakawa K, Takaori-Kondo A, Brevini T, Mallery DL, Charles OJ, Bowen JE, Joshi A, Walls AC, Jackson L, Martin D, Smith KGC, Bradley J, Briggs JAG, Choi J, Madissoon E, Meyer KB, Mlcochova P, Ceron-Gutierrez L, Doffinger R, Teichmann SA, Fisher AJ, Pizzuto MS, de Marco A, Corti D, Hosmillo M, Lee JH, James LC, Thukral L, Veesler D, Sigal A, Sampaziotis F, Goodfellow IG, Matheson NJ, Sato K, Gupta RK. Altered TMPRSS2 usage by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron impacts infectivity and fusogenicity. Nature 2022; 603:706-714. [PMID: 35104837 PMCID: PMC8942856 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04474-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 607] [Impact Index Per Article: 303.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 variant emerged in 20211 and has multiple mutations in its spike protein2. Here we show that the spike protein of Omicron has a higher affinity for ACE2 compared with Delta, and a marked change in its antigenicity increases Omicron's evasion of therapeutic monoclonal and vaccine-elicited polyclonal neutralizing antibodies after two doses. mRNA vaccination as a third vaccine dose rescues and broadens neutralization. Importantly, the antiviral drugs remdesivir and molnupiravir retain efficacy against Omicron BA.1. Replication was similar for Omicron and Delta virus isolates in human nasal epithelial cultures. However, in lung cells and gut cells, Omicron demonstrated lower replication. Omicron spike protein was less efficiently cleaved compared with Delta. The differences in replication were mapped to the entry efficiency of the virus on the basis of spike-pseudotyped virus assays. The defect in entry of Omicron pseudotyped virus to specific cell types effectively correlated with higher cellular RNA expression of TMPRSS2, and deletion of TMPRSS2 affected Delta entry to a greater extent than Omicron. Furthermore, drug inhibitors targeting specific entry pathways3 demonstrated that the Omicron spike inefficiently uses the cellular protease TMPRSS2, which promotes cell entry through plasma membrane fusion, with greater dependency on cell entry through the endocytic pathway. Consistent with suboptimal S1/S2 cleavage and inability to use TMPRSS2, syncytium formation by the Omicron spike was substantially impaired compared with the Delta spike. The less efficient spike cleavage of Omicron at S1/S2 is associated with a shift in cellular tropism away from TMPRSS2-expressing cells, with implications for altered pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Meng
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam Abdullahi
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isabella A T M Ferreira
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Niluka Goonawardane
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Akatsuki Saito
- Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Izumi Kimura
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Yamasoba
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pehuén Pereyra Gerber
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Saman Fatihi
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Surabhi Rathore
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - Samantha K Zepeda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Guido Papa
- MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven A Kemp
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Terumasa Ikeda
- Division of Molecular Virology and Genetics, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mako Toyoda
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toong Seng Tan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Shigeki Mitsunaga
- Human Genetics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
| | - Takamasa Ueno
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kotaro Shirakawa
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Teresa Brevini
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - John E Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anshu Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alexandra C Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Virology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Bradley
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jinwook Choi
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elo Madissoon
- Welcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, EMBL-EBI, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Kerstin B Meyer
- Welcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Petra Mlcochova
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lourdes Ceron-Gutierrez
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rainer Doffinger
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Welcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew J Fisher
- Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Matteo S Pizzuto
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anna de Marco
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Myra Hosmillo
- Department of Virology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joo Hyeon Lee
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Leo C James
- MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lipi Thukral
- CSIR Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alex Sigal
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Fotios Sampaziotis
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Nicholas J Matheson
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kei Sato
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.
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3
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Pinto D, Sauer MM, Czudnochowski N, Low JS, Tortorici MA, Housley MP, Noack J, Walls AC, Bowen JE, Guarino B, Rosen LE, di Iulio J, Jerak J, Kaiser H, Islam S, Jaconi S, Sprugasci N, Culap K, Abdelnabi R, Foo C, Coelmont L, Bartha I, Bianchi S, Silacci-Fregni C, Bassi J, Marzi R, Vetti E, Cassotta A, Ceschi A, Ferrari P, Cippà PE, Giannini O, Ceruti S, Garzoni C, Riva A, Benigni F, Cameroni E, Piccoli L, Pizzuto MS, Smithey M, Hong D, Telenti A, Lempp FA, Neyts J, Havenar-Daughton C, Lanzavecchia A, Sallusto F, Snell G, Virgin HW, Beltramello M, Corti D, Veesler D. Broad betacoronavirus neutralization by a stem helix-specific human antibody. Science 2021; 373:1109-1116. [PMID: 34344823 PMCID: PMC9268357 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj3321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The spillovers of betacoronaviruses in humans and the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants highlight the need for broad coronavirus countermeasures. We describe five monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) cross-reacting with the stem helix of multiple betacoronavirus spike glycoproteins isolated from COVID-19 convalescent individuals. Using structural and functional studies, we show that the mAb with the greatest breadth (S2P6) neutralizes pseudotyped viruses from three different subgenera through the inhibition of membrane fusion, and we delineate the molecular basis for its cross-reactivity. S2P6 reduces viral burden in hamsters challenged with SARS-CoV-2 through viral neutralization and Fc-mediated effector functions. Stem helix antibodies are rare, oftentimes of narrow specificity, and can acquire neutralization breadth through somatic mutations. These data provide a framework for structure-guided design of pan-betacoronavirus vaccines eliciting broad protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Pinto
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian M. Sauer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Jun Siong Low
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Julia Noack
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alexandra C. Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John E. Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Barbara Guarino
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Josipa Jerak
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Stefano Jaconi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Sprugasci
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Katja Culap
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Caroline Foo
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Coelmont
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Istvan Bartha
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Siro Bianchi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Jessica Bassi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Marzi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Eneida Vetti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Antonino Cassotta
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Ceschi
- Clinical Trial Unit, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Ferrari
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Pietro E. Cippà
- Department of Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Giannini
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Samuele Ceruti
- Intensive Care Unit, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Christian Garzoni
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Agostino Riva
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cameroni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Piccoli
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Matteo S. Pizzuto
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - David Hong
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | | | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Antonio Lanzavecchia
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Herbert W. Virgin
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Martina Beltramello
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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4
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Starr TN, Czudnochowski N, Liu Z, Zatta F, Park YJ, Addetia A, Pinto D, Beltramello M, Hernandez P, Greaney AJ, Marzi R, Glass WG, Zhang I, Dingens AS, Bowen JE, Tortorici MA, Walls AC, Wojcechowskyj JA, De Marco A, Rosen LE, Zhou J, Montiel-Ruiz M, Kaiser H, Dillen JR, Tucker H, Bassi J, Silacci-Fregni C, Housley MP, di Iulio J, Lombardo G, Agostini M, Sprugasci N, Culap K, Jaconi S, Meury M, Dellota E, Abdelnabi R, Foo SYC, Cameroni E, Stumpf S, Croll TI, Nix JC, Havenar-Daughton C, Piccoli L, Benigni F, Neyts J, Telenti A, Lempp FA, Pizzuto MS, Chodera JD, Hebner CM, Virgin HW, Whelan SPJ, Veesler D, Corti D, Bloom JD, Snell G. SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies that maximize breadth and resistance to escape. Nature 2021; 597:97-102. [PMID: 34261126 PMCID: PMC9282883 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An ideal therapeutic anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody would resist viral escape1-3, have activity against diverse sarbecoviruses4-7, and be highly protective through viral neutralization8-11 and effector functions12,13. Understanding how these properties relate to each other and vary across epitopes would aid the development of therapeutic antibodies and guide vaccine design. Here we comprehensively characterize escape, breadth and potency across a panel of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD). Despite a trade-off between in vitro neutralization potency and breadth of sarbecovirus binding, we identify neutralizing antibodies with exceptional sarbecovirus breadth and a corresponding resistance to SARS-CoV-2 escape. One of these antibodies, S2H97, binds with high affinity across all sarbecovirus clades to a cryptic epitope and prophylactically protects hamsters from viral challenge. Antibodies that target the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor-binding motif (RBM) typically have poor breadth and are readily escaped by mutations despite high neutralization potency. Nevertheless, we also characterize a potent RBM antibody (S2E128) with breadth across sarbecoviruses related to SARS-CoV-2 and a high barrier to viral escape. These data highlight principles underlying variation in escape, breadth and potency among antibodies that target the RBD, and identify epitopes and features to prioritize for therapeutic development against the current and potential future pandemics.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibody Affinity
- Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies/chemistry
- Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies/immunology
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/virology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/chemistry
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- Cell Line
- Cricetinae
- Cross Reactions/immunology
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, B-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Immune Evasion/genetics
- Immune Evasion/immunology
- Male
- Mesocricetus
- Middle Aged
- Models, Molecular
- SARS-CoV-2/chemistry
- SARS-CoV-2/classification
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Vaccinology
- COVID-19 Drug Treatment
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler N Starr
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fabrizia Zatta
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amin Addetia
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dora Pinto
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Martina Beltramello
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Allison J Greaney
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Roberta Marzi
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - William G Glass
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ivy Zhang
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adam S Dingens
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John E Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Alexandra C Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Anna De Marco
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Jiayi Zhou
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Jessica Bassi
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Gloria Lombardo
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicole Sprugasci
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Katja Culap
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Jaconi
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Rana Abdelnabi
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shi-Yan Caroline Foo
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabetta Cameroni
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Spencer Stumpf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tristan I Croll
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jay C Nix
- Molecular Biology Consortium, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Luca Piccoli
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Matteo S Pizzuto
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - John D Chodera
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Herbert W Virgin
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sean P J Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Jesse D Bloom
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
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5
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Richards A, Baranova DE, Pizzuto MS, Jaconi S, Willsey GG, Torres-Velez FJ, Doering JE, Benigni F, Corti D, Mantis NJ. Recombinant Human Secretory IgA Induces Salmonella Typhimurium Agglutination and Limits Bacterial Invasion into Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissues. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1221-1235. [PMID: 33728898 PMCID: PMC8154420 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
As the predominant antibody type in mucosal secretions, human colostrum, and breast milk, secretory IgA (SIgA) plays a central role in safeguarding the intestinal epithelium of newborns from invasive enteric pathogens like the Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (STm). SIgA is a complex molecule, consisting of an assemblage of two or more IgA monomers, joining (J)-chain, and secretory component (SC), whose exact functions in neutralizing pathogens are only beginning to be elucidated. In this study, we produced and characterized a recombinant human SIgA variant of Sal4, a well-characterized monoclonal antibody (mAb) specific for the O5-antigen of STm lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We demonstrate by flow cytometry, light microscopy, and fluorescence microscopy that Sal4 SIgA promotes the formation of large, densely packed bacterial aggregates in vitro. In a mouse model, passive oral administration of Sal4 SIgA was sufficient to entrap STm within the intestinal lumen and reduce bacterial invasion into gut-associated lymphoid tissues by several orders of magnitude. Bacterial aggregates induced by Sal4 SIgA treatment in the intestinal lumen were recalcitrant to immunohistochemical staining, suggesting the bacteria were encased in a protective capsule. Indeed, a crystal violet staining assay demonstrated that STm secretes an extracellular matrix enriched in cellulose following even short exposures to Sal4 SIgA. Collectively, these results demonstrate that recombinant human SIgA recapitulates key biological activities associated with mucosal immunity and raises the prospect of oral passive immunization to combat enteric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelene
F. Richards
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany
School of Public Health, Albany, New York 12208, United States
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center,
New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Danielle E. Baranova
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center,
New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Matteo S. Pizzuto
- Humabs
BioMed SA a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology Inc., 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Jaconi
- Humabs
BioMed SA a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology Inc., 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Graham G. Willsey
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center,
New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Fernando J. Torres-Velez
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center,
New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Jennifer E. Doering
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center,
New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208, United States
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs
BioMed SA a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology Inc., 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs
BioMed SA a Subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology Inc., 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas J. Mantis
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, University at Albany
School of Public Health, Albany, New York 12208, United States
- Division
of Infectious Diseases, Wadsworth Center,
New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12208, United States
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6
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Collier DA, De Marco A, Ferreira IATM, Meng B, Datir RP, Walls AC, Kemp SA, Bassi J, Pinto D, Silacci-Fregni C, Bianchi S, Tortorici MA, Bowen J, Culap K, Jaconi S, Cameroni E, Snell G, Pizzuto MS, Pellanda AF, Garzoni C, Riva A, Elmer A, Kingston N, Graves B, McCoy LE, Smith KGC, Bradley JR, Temperton N, Ceron-Gutierrez L, Barcenas-Morales G, Harvey W, Virgin HW, Lanzavecchia A, Piccoli L, Doffinger R, Wills M, Veesler D, Corti D, Gupta RK. Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 to mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies. Nature 2021; 593:136-141. [PMID: 33706364 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03412-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 494] [Impact Index Per Article: 164.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is uncontrolled in many parts of the world; control is compounded in some areas by the higher transmission potential of the B.1.1.7 variant1, which has now been reported in 94 countries. It is unclear whether the response of the virus to vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 on the basis of the prototypic strain will be affected by the mutations found in B.1.1.7. Here we assess the immune responses of individuals after vaccination with the mRNA-based vaccine BNT162b22. We measured neutralizing antibody responses after the first and second immunizations using pseudoviruses that expressed the wild-type spike protein or a mutated spike protein that contained the eight amino acid changes found in the B.1.1.7 variant. The sera from individuals who received the vaccine exhibited a broad range of neutralizing titres against the wild-type pseudoviruses that were modestly reduced against the B.1.1.7 variant. This reduction was also evident in sera from some patients who had recovered from COVID-19. Decreased neutralization of the B.1.1.7 variant was also observed for monoclonal antibodies that target the N-terminal domain (9 out of 10) and the receptor-binding motif (5 out of 31), but not for monoclonal antibodies that recognize the receptor-binding domain that bind outside the receptor-binding motif. Introduction of the mutation that encodes the E484K substitution in the B.1.1.7 background to reflect a newly emerged variant of concern (VOC 202102/02) led to a more-substantial loss of neutralizing activity by vaccine-elicited antibodies and monoclonal antibodies (19 out of 31) compared with the loss of neutralizing activity conferred by the mutations in B.1.1.7 alone. The emergence of the E484K substitution in a B.1.1.7 background represents a threat to the efficacy of the BNT162b2 vaccine.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/metabolism
- COVID-19/therapy
- COVID-19/virology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- Female
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immune Evasion/genetics
- Immune Evasion/immunology
- Immunization, Passive
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Models, Molecular
- Mutation
- Neutralization Tests
- SARS-CoV-2/genetics
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/metabolism
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- COVID-19 Serotherapy
- mRNA Vaccines
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Affiliation(s)
- Dami A Collier
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna De Marco
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Isabella A T M Ferreira
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bo Meng
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rawlings P Datir
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra C Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steven A Kemp
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica Bassi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Dora Pinto
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Siro Bianchi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - John Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katja Culap
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Jaconi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cameroni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Matteo S Pizzuto
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Garzoni
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Agostino Riva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anne Elmer
- NIHR Cambridge Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Laura E McCoy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R Bradley
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Bioresource, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Gabriela Barcenas-Morales
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Laboratorio de Inmunologia, UNAM, Cuautitlán, Mexico
| | - William Harvey
- Institute of Biodiversity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Luca Piccoli
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Doffinger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark Wills
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK.
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7
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Starr TN, Czudnochowski N, Zatta F, Park YJ, Liu Z, Addetia A, Pinto D, Beltramello M, Hernandez P, Greaney AJ, Marzi R, Glass WG, Zhang I, Dingens AS, Bowen JE, Wojcechowskyj JA, De Marco A, Rosen LE, Zhou J, Montiel-Ruiz M, Kaiser H, Tucker H, Housley MP, di Iulio J, Lombardo G, Agostini M, Sprugasci N, Culap K, Jaconi S, Meury M, Dellota E, Cameroni E, Croll TI, Nix JC, Havenar-Daughton C, Telenti A, Lempp FA, Pizzuto MS, Chodera JD, Hebner CM, Whelan SP, Virgin HW, Veesler D, Corti D, Bloom JD, Snell G. Antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain that maximize breadth and resistance to viral escape. bioRxiv 2021:2021.04.06.438709. [PMID: 33851154 PMCID: PMC8043444 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.06.438709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An ideal anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody would resist viral escape 1-3 , have activity against diverse SARS-related coronaviruses 4-7 , and be highly protective through viral neutralization 8-11 and effector functions 12,13 . Understanding how these properties relate to each other and vary across epitopes would aid development of antibody therapeutics and guide vaccine design. Here, we comprehensively characterize escape, breadth, and potency across a panel of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD), including S309 4 , the parental antibody of the late-stage clinical antibody VIR-7831. We observe a tradeoff between SARS-CoV-2 in vitro neutralization potency and breadth of binding across SARS-related coronaviruses. Nevertheless, we identify several neutralizing antibodies with exceptional breadth and resistance to escape, including a new antibody (S2H97) that binds with high affinity to all SARS-related coronavirus clades via a unique RBD epitope centered on residue E516. S2H97 and other escape-resistant antibodies have high binding affinity and target functionally constrained RBD residues. We find that antibodies targeting the ACE2 receptor binding motif (RBM) typically have poor breadth and are readily escaped by mutations despite high neutralization potency, but we identify one potent RBM antibody (S2E12) with breadth across sarbecoviruses closely related to SARS-CoV-2 and with a high barrier to viral escape. These data highlight functional diversity among antibodies targeting the RBD and identify epitopes and features to prioritize for antibody and vaccine development against the current and potential future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler N. Starr
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Fabrizia Zatta
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zhuoming Liu
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Amin Addetia
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Dora Pinto
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Martina Beltramello
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Allison J. Greaney
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Roberta Marzi
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - William G. Glass
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Ivy Zhang
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Adam S. Dingens
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - John E. Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Anna De Marco
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Jiayi Zhou
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gloria Lombardo
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Nicole Sprugasci
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Katja Culap
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Jaconi
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Elisabetta Cameroni
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Tristan I. Croll
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jay C. Nix
- Molecular Biology Consortium, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | | | | | - Matteo S. Pizzuto
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - John D. Chodera
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Sean P.J. Whelan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Herbert W. Virgin
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Jesse D. Bloom
- Basic Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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8
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Collier DA, De Marco A, Ferreira IATM, Meng B, Datir R, Walls AC, Kemp S SA, Bassi J, Pinto D, Fregni CS, Bianchi S, Tortorici MA, Bowen J, Culap K, Jaconi S, Cameroni E, Snell G, Pizzuto MS, Pellanda AF, Garzoni C, Riva A, Elmer A, Kingston N, Graves B, McCoy LE, Smith KG, Bradley JR, Temperton N, Ceron-Gutierrez L L, Barcenas-Morales G, Harvey W, Virgin HW, Lanzavecchia A, Piccoli L, Doffinger R, Wills M, Veesler D, Corti D, Gupta RK. SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 sensitivity to mRNA vaccine-elicited, convalescent and monoclonal antibodies. medRxiv 2021:2021.01.19.21249840. [PMID: 33619509 PMCID: PMC7899479 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.19.21249840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission is uncontrolled in many parts of the world, compounded in some areas by higher transmission potential of the B1.1.7 variant now seen in 50 countries. It is unclear whether responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on the prototypic strain will be impacted by mutations found in B.1.1.7. Here we assessed immune responses following vaccination with mRNA-based vaccine BNT162b2. We measured neutralising antibody responses following a single immunization using pseudoviruses expressing the wild-type Spike protein or the 8 amino acid mutations found in the B.1.1.7 spike protein. The vaccine sera exhibited a broad range of neutralising titres against the wild-type pseudoviruses that were modestly reduced against B.1.1.7 variant. This reduction was also evident in sera from some convalescent patients. Decreased B.1.1.7 neutralisation was also observed with monoclonal antibodies targeting the N-terminal domain (9 out of 10), the Receptor Binding Motif (RBM) (5 out of 31), but not in neutralising mAbs binding outside the RBM. Introduction of the E484K mutation in a B.1.1.7 background to reflect newly emerging viruses in the UK led to a more substantial loss of neutralising activity by vaccine-elicited antibodies and mAbs (19 out of 31) over that conferred by the B.1.1.7 mutations alone. E484K emergence on a B.1.1.7 background represents a threat to the vaccine BNT162b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dami A Collier
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna De Marco
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Isabella A T M Ferreira
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bo Meng
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rawlings Datir
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra C Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Steven A Kemp S
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica Bassi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Dora Pinto
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Siro Bianchi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - John Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Katja Culap
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Jaconi
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cameroni
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Matteo S Pizzuto
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian Garzoni
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Agostino Riva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Anne Elmer
- NIHR Cambridge Clinical Research Facility, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Laura E McCoy
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Kenneth Gc Smith
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John R Bradley
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Bioresource, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Gabriela Barcenas-Morales
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrookes Hospital, UK
- Laboratorio de Inmunologia, S-Cuautitlán, UNAM, Mexico
| | - William Harvey
- Institute of Biodiversity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Antonio Lanzavecchia
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Piccoli
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Doffinger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Addenbrookes Hospital, UK
| | - Mark Wills
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Davide Corti
- Humabs Biomed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge UK
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9
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Tortorici MA, Beltramello M, Lempp FA, Pinto D, Dang HV, Rosen LE, McCallum M, Bowen J, Minola A, Jaconi S, Zatta F, De Marco A, Guarino B, Bianchi S, Lauron EJ, Tucker H, Zhou J, Peter A, Havenar-Daughton C, Wojcechowskyj JA, Case JB, Chen RE, Kaiser H, Montiel-Ruiz M, Meury M, Czudnochowski N, Spreafico R, Dillen J, Ng C, Sprugasci N, Culap K, Benigni F, Abdelnabi R, Foo SYC, Schmid MA, Cameroni E, Riva A, Gabrieli A, Galli M, Pizzuto MS, Neyts J, Diamond MS, Virgin HW, Snell G, Corti D, Fink K, Veesler D. Ultrapotent human antibodies protect against SARS-CoV-2 challenge via multiple mechanisms. Science 2020; 370:950-957. [PMID: 32972994 PMCID: PMC7857395 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe3354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 408] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Efficient therapeutic options are needed to control the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has caused more than 922,000 fatalities as of 13 September 2020. We report the isolation and characterization of two ultrapotent SARS-CoV-2 human neutralizing antibodies (S2E12 and S2M11) that protect hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Cryo-electron microscopy structures show that S2E12 and S2M11 competitively block angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) attachment and that S2M11 also locks the spike in a closed conformation by recognition of a quaternary epitope spanning two adjacent receptor-binding domains. Antibody cocktails that include S2M11, S2E12, or the previously identified S309 antibody broadly neutralize a panel of circulating SARS-CoV-2 isolates and activate effector functions. Our results pave the way to implement antibody cocktails for prophylaxis or therapy, circumventing or limiting the emergence of viral escape mutants.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Motifs/immunology
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Viral/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- CHO Cells
- COVID-19
- Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control
- Coronavirus Infections/therapy
- Cricetinae
- Cricetulus
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunodominant Epitopes/chemistry
- Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology
- Microscopy, Electron
- Pandemics/prevention & control
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control
- Pneumonia, Viral/therapy
- Protein Domains/immunology
- SARS-CoV-2
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/antagonists & inhibitors
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alejandra Tortorici
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institut Pasteur and CNRS UMR 3569, Unité de Virologie Structurale, Paris, France
| | - Martina Beltramello
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - Dora Pinto
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ha V Dang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Matthew McCallum
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - John Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrea Minola
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Jaconi
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizia Zatta
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anna De Marco
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Guarino
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Siro Bianchi
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jiayi Zhou
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Alessia Peter
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - James Brett Case
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rita E Chen
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Josh Dillen
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Cindy Ng
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nicole Sprugasci
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Katja Culap
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Benigni
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Rana Abdelnabi
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Shi-Yan Caroline Foo
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael A Schmid
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Elisabetta Cameroni
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Agostino Riva
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Gabrieli
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Galli
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo S Pizzuto
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Herbert W Virgin
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- UTSouthwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Davide Corti
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Katja Fink
- Humabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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10
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Piccoli L, Park YJ, Tortorici MA, Czudnochowski N, Walls AC, Beltramello M, Silacci-Fregni C, Pinto D, Rosen LE, Bowen JE, Acton OJ, Jaconi S, Guarino B, Minola A, Zatta F, Sprugasci N, Bassi J, Peter A, De Marco A, Nix JC, Mele F, Jovic S, Rodriguez BF, Gupta SV, Jin F, Piumatti G, Lo Presti G, Pellanda AF, Biggiogero M, Tarkowski M, Pizzuto MS, Cameroni E, Havenar-Daughton C, Smithey M, Hong D, Lepori V, Albanese E, Ceschi A, Bernasconi E, Elzi L, Ferrari P, Garzoni C, Riva A, Snell G, Sallusto F, Fink K, Virgin HW, Lanzavecchia A, Corti D, Veesler D. Mapping Neutralizing and Immunodominant Sites on the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain by Structure-Guided High-Resolution Serology. Cell 2020; 183:1024-1042.e21. [PMID: 32991844 PMCID: PMC7494283 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 924] [Impact Index Per Article: 231.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the specificity and kinetics of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for understanding immune protection and identifying targets for vaccine design. In a cohort of 647 SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects, we found that both the magnitude of Ab responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and nucleoprotein and nAb titers correlate with clinical scores. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) is immunodominant and the target of 90% of the neutralizing activity present in SARS-CoV-2 immune sera. Whereas overall RBD-specific serum IgG titers waned with a half-life of 49 days, nAb titers and avidity increased over time for some individuals, consistent with affinity maturation. We structurally defined an RBD antigenic map and serologically quantified serum Abs specific for distinct RBD epitopes leading to the identification of two major receptor-binding motif antigenic sites. Our results explain the immunodominance of the receptor-binding motif and will guide the design of COVID-19 vaccines and therapeutics. SARS-CoV-2 RBD is immunodominant and accounts for 90% of serum neutralizing activity RBD antibodies decline with a half-life of ∼50 days, but their avidity increases Structural definition of a SARS-CoV-2 RBD antigenic map using monoclonal antibodies ACE2-binding site dominates SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal neutralizing antibody responses
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Piccoli
- Humabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - M Alejandra Tortorici
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Institut Pasteur and CNRS UMR 3569, Unité de Virologie Structurale, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Alexandra C Walls
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | | | - Dora Pinto
- Humabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | - John E Bowen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Oliver J Acton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Stefano Jaconi
- Humabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Guarino
- Humabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Minola
- Humabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Fabrizia Zatta
- Humabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Sprugasci
- Humabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Jessica Bassi
- Humabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Peter
- Humabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Anna De Marco
- Humabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Jay C Nix
- Molecular Biology Consortium, Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Federico Mele
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Jovic
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Feng Jin
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Giovanni Piumatti
- Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giorgia Lo Presti
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Maira Biggiogero
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Maciej Tarkowski
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo S Pizzuto
- Humabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - David Hong
- Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Emiliano Albanese
- Institute of Public Health, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Ceschi
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacological Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Enos Bernasconi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Ospedale Civico and Ospedale Italiano, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Luigia Elzi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Ospedale Regionale Bellinzona e Valli and Ospedale Regionale, 6600 Locarno, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Ferrari
- Department of Nephrology, Ospedale Civico Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland; Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christian Garzoni
- Clinic of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Clinica Luganese Moncucco, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Agostino Riva
- III Division of Infectious Diseases, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Luigi Sacco Hospital, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Katja Fink
- Humabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Davide Corti
- Humabs BioMed SA, Vir Biotechnology, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - David Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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11
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Capua I, Mercalli A, Romero-Tejeda A, Pizzuto MS, Kasloff S, Sordi V, Marzinotto I, Lampasona V, Vicenzi E, De Battisti C, Bonfanti R, Rigamonti A, Terregino C, Doglioni C, Cattoli G, Piemonti L. Study of 2009 H1N1 Pandemic Influenza Virus as a Possible Causative Agent of Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:4343-4356. [PMID: 30203067 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2018-00862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent studies have suggested that influenza A virus (IAV) might be involved in the etiology of diabetes. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS To address this question, we tested the ability of H1N1 pandemic IAV to infect, replicate, and damage human β cells/pancreatic islets in vitro and induce pancreatic damage and/or glucose metabolism alterations in chemical and autoimmune models of β cell damage in vivo. Moreover, we looked for direct and/or indirect evidence of correlation between IAV infection and autoimmunity/diabetes in humans. RESULTS Human H1N1 A/California/2009-derived viruses infected human pancreatic islets in vitro, inducing a proinflammatory response associated with substantial increases of CXCL9 and CXCL10 release. In vivo, infected mice showed a clear susceptibility to the virus, with its localization also found in extrapulmonary organs, including the pancreas. Infection was able to induce mild modifications of glycemia in C57B6 mice after chemical damage of islets but did not modulate the autoimmune damage of islets in NOD mice. One of 69 nasopharyngeal swabs collected from patients at the onset of type 1 diabetes yielded positive results for IAV. Pancreas sections from 17 organ donors available from the Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors With Diabetes showed the persistence of CXCL10-positive cells in islet autoimmunity-positive subjects; however, extremely rare cells stained for viral RNA and not preferentially in autoimmune subjects. CONCLUSION Influenza H1N1 pdm strains are able to infect and replicate in mammalian pancreatic cells both in vitro and in vivo but did not cause any functional impairment consistent with diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Animals
- Blood Glucose
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokine CXCL10/immunology
- Chemokine CXCL10/metabolism
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/virology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/virology
- Dogs
- Female
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/immunology
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/metabolism
- Insulin-Secreting Cells/virology
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Pandemics
- Primary Cell Culture
- RNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Capua
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessia Mercalli
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurora Romero-Tejeda
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo S Pizzuto
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Samantha Kasloff
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Valeria Sordi
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marzinotto
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Vito Lampasona
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Vicenzi
- Viral Pathogens and Biosafety Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian De Battisti
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bonfanti
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Rigamonti
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Calogero Terregino
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Unit of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cattoli
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Piemonti
- San Raffaele Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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12
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Kasloff SB, Pizzuto MS, Silic-Benussi M, Pavone S, Ciminale V, Capua I. Oncolytic activity of avian influenza virus in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines. J Virol 2014; 88:9321-34. [PMID: 24899201 PMCID: PMC4136238 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00929-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the most lethal form of human cancer, with dismal survival rates due to late-stage diagnoses and a lack of efficacious therapies. Building on the observation that avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) have a tropism for the pancreas in vivo, the present study was aimed at testing the efficacy of IAVs as oncolytic agents for killing human PDA cell lines. Receptor characterization confirmed that human PDA cell lines express the alpha-2,3- and the alpha-2,6-linked glycan receptor for avian and human IAVs, respectively. PDA cell lines were sensitive to infection by human and avian IAV isolates, which is consistent with this finding. Growth kinetic experiments showed preferential virus replication in PDA cells over that in a nontransformed pancreatic ductal cell line. Finally, at early time points posttreatment, infection with IAVs caused higher levels of apoptosis in PDA cells than gemcitabine and cisplatin, which are the cornerstone of current therapies for PDA. In the BxPC-3 PDA cell line, apoptosis resulted from the engagement of the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Importantly, IAVs did not induce apoptosis in nontransformed pancreatic ductal HPDE6 cells. Using a model based on the growth of a PDA cell line as a xenograft in SCID mice, we also show that a slightly pathogenic avian IAV significantly inhibited tumor growth following intratumoral injection. Taken together, these results are the first to suggest that IAVs may hold promise as future agents of oncolytic virotherapy against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. IMPORTANCE Despite intensive studies aimed at designing new therapeutic approaches, PDA still retains the most dismal prognosis among human cancers. In the present study, we provide the first evidence indicating that avian IAVs of low pathogenicity display a tropism for human PDA cells, resulting in viral RNA replication and a potent induction of apoptosis in vitro and antitumor effects in vivo. These results suggest that slightly pathogenic IAVs may prove to be effective for oncolytic virotherapy of PDA and provide grounds for further studies to develop specific and targeted viruses, with the aim of testing their efficacy in clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha B Kasloff
- Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Matteo S Pizzuto
- Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy Imperial College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Micol Silic-Benussi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Pavone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ciminale
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Capua
- Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
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