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Hashimoto M, Kuroda S, Kanaya N, Kadowaki D, Yoshida Y, Sakamoto M, Hamada Y, Sugimoto R, Yagi C, Ohtani T, Kumon K, Kakiuchi Y, Yasui K, Kikuchi S, Yoshida R, Tazawa H, Kagawa S, Yagi T, Urata Y, Fujiwara T. Long-term activation of anti-tumor immunity in pancreatic cancer by a p53-expressing telomerase-specific oncolytic adenovirus. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:1187-1195. [PMID: 38316993 PMCID: PMC10991504 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-024-02583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer is an aggressive, immunologically "cold" tumor. Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising treatment to overcome this problem. We developed a telomerase-specific oncolytic adenovirus armed with p53 gene (OBP-702). METHODS We investigated the efficacy of OBP-702 for pancreatic cancer, focusing on its long-term effects via long-lived memory CD8 + T cells including tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs) and effector memory T cells (TEMs) differentiated from effector memory precursor cells (TEMps). RESULTS First, in vitro, OBP-702 significantly induced adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is important for memory T cell establishment. Next, in vivo, OBP-702 local treatment to murine pancreatic PAN02 tumors increased TEMps via ATP induction from tumors and IL-15Rα induction from macrophages, leading to TRM and TEM induction. Activation of these memory T cells by OBP-702 was also maintained in combination with gemcitabine+nab-paclitaxel (GN) in a PAN02 bilateral tumor model, and GN + OBP-702 showed significant anti-tumor effects and increased TRMs in OBP-702-uninjected tumors. Finally, in a neoadjuvant model, in which PAN02 cells were re-inoculated after resection of treated-PAN02 tumors, GN + OBP-702 provided long-term anti-tumor effects even after tumor resection. CONCLUSION OBP-702 can be a long-term immunostimulant with sustained anti-tumor effects on immunologically cold pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Hashimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shinji Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan.
- Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan.
| | - Nobuhiko Kanaya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kadowaki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masaki Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Hamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryoma Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Chiaki Yagi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ohtani
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kento Kumon
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Kakiuchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yasui
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Satoru Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tazawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kagawa
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- Clinical Cancer Center, Okayama University Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takahito Yagi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Toshiyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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Chen C, Park AK, Monroy I, Ren Y, Kim SI, Chaurasiya S, Priceman SJ, Fong Y. Using Oncolytic Virus to Retask CD19-Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells for Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer: Toward a Universal Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Strategy for Solid Tumor. J Am Coll Surg 2024; 238:436-447. [PMID: 38214445 DOI: 10.1097/xcs.0000000000000964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting the B-cell antigen CD19 are standard therapy for relapsed or refractory B-cell lymphoma and leukemia. CAR T cell therapy in solid tumors is limited due to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and a lack of tumor-restricted antigens. We recently engineered an oncolytic virus (CF33) with high solid tumor affinity and specificity to deliver a nonsignaling truncated CD19 antigen (CD19t), allowing targeting by CD19-CAR T cells. Here, we tested this combination against pancreatic cancer. STUDY DESIGN We engineered CF33 to express a CD19t (CF33-CD19t) target. Flow cytometry and ELISA were performed to quantify CD19t expression, immune activation, and killing by virus and CD19-CAR T cells against various pancreatic tumor cells. Subcutaneous pancreatic human xenograft tumor models were treated with virus, CAR T cells, or virus+CAR T cells. RESULTS In vitro, CF33-CD19t infection of tumor cells resulted in >90% CD19t cell-surface expression. Coculturing CD19-CAR T cells with infected cells resulted in interleukin-2 and interferon gamma secretion, upregulation of T-cell activation markers, and synergistic cell killing. Combination therapy of virus+CAR T cells caused significant tumor regression (day 13): control (n = 16, 485 ± 20 mm 3 ), virus alone (n = 20, 254 ± 23 mm 3 , p = 0.0001), CAR T cells alone (n = 18, 466 ± 25 mm 3 , p = NS), and virus+CAR T cells (n = 16, 128 ± 14 mm 3 , p < 0.0001 vs control; p = 0.0003 vs virus). CONCLUSIONS Engineered CF33-CD19t effectively infects and expresses CD19t in pancreatic tumors, triggering cell killing and increased immunogenic response by CD19-CAR T cells. Notably, CF33-CD19t can turn cold immunologic tumors hot, enabling solid tumors to be targetable by agents designed against liquid tumor antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Chen
- From the Departments of Surgery (Chen, Kim, Chaurasiya, Fong)
| | - Anthony K Park
- Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (Park, Monroy, Ren, Priceman)
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences (Park), City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Isabel Monroy
- Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (Park, Monroy, Ren, Priceman)
| | - Yuwei Ren
- Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (Park, Monroy, Ren, Priceman)
| | - Sang-In Kim
- From the Departments of Surgery (Chen, Kim, Chaurasiya, Fong)
| | | | - Saul J Priceman
- Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (Park, Monroy, Ren, Priceman)
- Immuno-Oncology, Beckman Research Institute (Priceman)
| | - Yuman Fong
- From the Departments of Surgery (Chen, Kim, Chaurasiya, Fong)
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3
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Toulmonde M, Guegan JP, Spalato-Ceruso M, Peyraud F, Kind M, Vanhersecke L, Le Loarer F, Perret R, Cantarel C, Bellera C, Bessede A, Italiano A. Reshaping the tumor microenvironment of cold soft-tissue sarcomas with oncolytic viral therapy: a phase 2 trial of intratumoral JX-594 combined with avelumab and low-dose cyclophosphamide. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:38. [PMID: 38378555 PMCID: PMC10877825 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-01946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Most soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) exhibit an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), leading to resistance against immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and limited therapeutic response. Preclinical data suggest that oncolytic viral therapy can remodel the TME, facilitating T cell accumulation and enhancing the immunogenicity of these tumors.We conducted the METROMAJX, a phase II clinical trial, to investigate the combination of JX-594, an oncolytic vaccinia virus engineered for selective tumor cell replication, with metronomic cyclophosphamide and the PD-L1 inhibitor avelumab in patients with advanced, 'cold' STS, characterized by an absence of tertiary lymphoid structures. The trial employed a two-stage Simon design. JX-594 was administered intratumorally at a dose of 1.109 pfu every 2 weeks for up to 4 intra-tumoral administrations. Cyclophosphamide was given orally at 50 mg twice daily in a week-on, week-off schedule, and avelumab was administered at 10 mg/kg biweekly. The primary endpoint was the 6-month non-progression rate.Fifteen patients were enrolled, with the most frequent toxicities being grade 1 fatigue and fever. Fourteen patients were assessable for efficacy analysis. At 6 months, only one patient remained progression-free, indicating that the trial did not meet the first stage endpoint of Simon's design. Analysis of sequential tissue biopsies and plasma samples revealed an increase in CD8 density and upregulation of immune-related protein biomarkers, including CXCL10.Intra-tumoral administration of JX-594 in combination with cyclophosphamide and avelumab is safe and capable of modulating the TME in cold STS. However, the limited efficacy observed warrants further research to define the therapeutic potential of oncolytic viruses, particularly in relation to specific histological subtypes of STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Toulmonde
- Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma Units, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Mariella Spalato-Ceruso
- Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma Units, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, France
| | - Florent Peyraud
- Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma Units, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michèle Kind
- Department of Medical Imaging, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - François Le Loarer
- Department of Pathology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Raul Perret
- Department of Pathology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Coralie Cantarel
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Univ. Bordeaux, Epicene team, UMR 1219, Inserm, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Inserm CIC1401, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Carine Bellera
- Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Univ. Bordeaux, Epicene team, UMR 1219, Inserm, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Inserm CIC1401, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | | | - Antoine Italiano
- Early Phase Trials and Sarcoma Units, Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, 229 Cours de l'Argonne, Bordeaux, France.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
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Zhang Q, Na J, Liu X, He J. Exploration of the Delivery of Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus by Gelatin Methacryloyl Microneedles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2353. [PMID: 38397030 PMCID: PMC10888545 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus is a new type of cancer immunotherapy drug. This paper proposes a scheme for delivering oncolytic viruses using hydrogel microneedles. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) was synthesized by chemical grafting, and GelMA microneedles encapsulating oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were prepared by micro-molding and photocrosslinking. The release and expression of NDV were tested by immunofluorescence and hemagglutination experiments. The experiments proved that GelMA was successfully synthesized and had hydrogel characteristics. NDV was evenly dispersed in the allantoic fluid without agglomeration, showing a characteristic virus morphology. NDV particle size was 257.4 ± 1.4 nm, zeta potential was -13.8 ± 0.5 mV, virus titer TCID50 was 107.5/mL, and PFU was 2 × 107/mL, which had a selective killing effect on human liver cancer cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. The NDV@GelMA microneedles were arranged in an orderly cone array, with uniform height and complete needle shape. The distribution of virus-like particles was observed on the surface. GelMA microneedles could successfully penetrate 5% agarose gel and nude mouse skin. Optimal preparation conditions were freeze-drying. We successfully prepared GelMA hydrogel microneedles containing NDV, which could effectively encapsulate NDV but did not detect the release of NDV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Q.Z.); (J.N.)
| | - Jian He
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China; (Q.Z.); (J.N.)
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5
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Jiang H, Nace R, Ariail E, Ma Y, McGlinch E, Ferguson C, Fernandez Carrasco T, Packiriswamy N, Zhang L, Peng KW, Russell SJ. Oncolytic α-herpesvirus and myeloid-tropic cytomegalovirus cooperatively enhance systemic antitumor responses. Mol Ther 2024; 32:241-256. [PMID: 37927036 PMCID: PMC10787119 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy aims to activate host antitumor immunity. In responsive tumors, intratumorally injected herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) have been shown to lyse tumor cells, resulting in local inflammation, enhanced tumor antigen presentation, and boosting of antitumor cytotoxic lymphocytes. In contrast to HSV, cytomegalovirus (CMV) is nonlytic and reprograms infected myeloid cells, limiting their antigen-presenting functions and protecting them from recognition by natural killer (NK) cells. Here, we show that when co-injected into mouse tumors with an oncolytic HSV, mouse CMV (mCMV) preferentially targeted tumor-associated myeloid cells, promoted the local release of proinflammatory cytokines, and enhanced systemic antitumor immune responses, leading to superior control of both injected and distant contralateral tumors. Deletion of mCMV genes m06, which degrades major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I), or m144, a viral MHC class I homolog that inhibits NK activation, was shown to diminish the antitumor activity of the HSV/mCMV combination. However, an mCMV recombinant lacking the m04 gene, which escorts MHC class I to the cell surface, showed superior HSV adjuvanticity. CMV is a potentially promising agent with which to reshape and enhance antitumor immune responses following oncolytic HSV therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifei Jiang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Rebecca Nace
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Emily Ariail
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yejun Ma
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Erin McGlinch
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Coryn Ferguson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | - Lianwen Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kah Whye Peng
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Chen X, Liu J, Li Y, Zeng Y, Wang F, Cheng Z, Duan H, Pan G, Yang S, Chen Y, Li Q, Shen X, Li Y, Qin Z, Chen J, Huang Y, Wang X, Lu Y, Shu M, Zhang Y, Wang G, Li K, Lin X, Xing F, Zhang H. IDH1 mutation impairs antiviral response and potentiates oncolytic virotherapy in glioma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6781. [PMID: 37880243 PMCID: PMC10600173 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42545-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
IDH1 mutations frequently occur early in human glioma. While IDH1 mutation has been shown to promote gliomagenesis via DNA and histone methylation, little is known regarding its regulation in antiviral immunity. Here, we discover that IDH1 mutation inhibits virus-induced interferon (IFN) antiviral responses in glioma cells. Mechanistically, D2HG produced by mutant IDH1 enhances the binding of DNMT1 to IRF3/7 promoters such that IRF3/7 are downregulated, leading to impaired type I IFN response in glioma cells, which enhances the susceptibility of gliomas to viral infection. Furthermore, we identify DNMT1 as a potential biomarker predicting which IDH1mut gliomas are most likely to respond to oncolytic virus. Finally, both D2HG and ectopic mutant IDH1 can potentiate the replication and oncolytic efficacy of VSVΔ51 in female mouse models. These findings reveal a pivotal role for IDH1 mutation in regulating antiviral response and demonstrate that IDH1 mutation confers sensitivity to oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai), Ruijin Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuequan Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zexiong Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guopeng Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shangqi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuling Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education (MOE) & Ministry of Health (MOH) Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zixi Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiahong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- The Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Youwei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuli Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Shantou Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, 515000, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minfeng Shu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Ministry of Education (MOE) & Ministry of Health (MOH) Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubo Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guocai Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacodynamic Constituents of TCM and New Drugs Research, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Li
- Guangdong Research Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 510655, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fan Xing
- Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, 510080, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, 510632, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Li M, Zhang M, Ye Q, Liu Y, Qian W. Preclinical and clinical trials of oncolytic vaccinia virus in cancer immunotherapy: a comprehensive review. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 20:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0202. [PMID: 37615308 PMCID: PMC10546091 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for human cancers owing to an ability to elicit curative effects via systemic administration. Tumor cells often create an unfavorable immunosuppressive microenvironment that degrade viral structures and impede viral replication; however, recent studies have established that viruses altered via genetic modifications can serve as effective oncolytic agents to combat hostile tumor environments. Specifically, oncolytic vaccinia virus (OVV) has gained popularity owing to its safety, potential for systemic delivery, and large gene insertion capacity. This review highlights current research on the use of engineered mutated viruses and gene-armed OVVs to reverse the tumor microenvironment and enhance antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo, and provides an overview of ongoing clinical trials and combination therapies. In addition, we discuss the potential benefits and drawbacks of OVV as a cancer therapy, and explore different perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Li
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Minghuan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Qian Ye
- Hangzhou Rong-Gu Biotechnology Limited Company, Hangzhou 310056, China
| | - Yunhua Liu
- Department of Pathology & Pathophysiology and Department of Surgical Oncology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenbin Qian
- Department of Hematology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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8
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Gao Y, Bergman I. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) G Glycoprotein Can Be Modified to Create a Her2/Neu-Targeted VSV That Eliminates Large Implanted Mammary Tumors. J Virol 2023; 97:e0037223. [PMID: 37199666 PMCID: PMC10308914 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00372-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral oncolytic immunotherapy is a nascent field that is developing tools to direct the immune system to find and eliminate cancer cells. Safety is improved by using cancer-targeted viruses that infect or grow poorly on normal cells. The recent discovery of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor as the major vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) binding site allowed for the creation of a Her2/neu-targeted replicating recombinant VSV (rrVSV-G) by eliminating the LDL receptor binding site in the VSV-G glycoprotein (gp) and adding a sequence coding for a single chain antibody (SCA) to the Her2/neu receptor. The virus was adapted by serial passage on Her2/neu-expressing cancer cells resulting in a virus that yielded a 15- to 25-fold higher titer following in vitro infection of Her2/neu+-expressing cell lines than that of Her2/neu-negative cells (~1 × 108/mL versus 4 × 106 to 8 × 106/mL). An essential mutation resulting in a higher titer virus was a threonine-to-arginine change that produced an N-glycosylation site in the SCA. Infection of Her2/neu+ subcutaneous tumors yielded >10-fold more virus on days 1 and 2 than Her2/neu- tumors, and virus production continued for 5 days in Her2/neu+ tumors compared with 3 days that of 3 days in Her2/neu- tumors. rrVSV-G cured 70% of large 5-day peritoneal tumors compared with a 10% cure by a previously targeted rrVSV with a modified Sindbis gp. rrVSV-G also cured 33% of very large 7-day tumors. rrVSV-G is a new targeted oncolytic virus that has potent antitumor capabilities and allows for heterologous combination with other targeted oncolytic viruses. IMPORTANCE A new form of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was created that specifically targets and destroys cancer cells that express the Her2/neu receptor. This receptor is commonly found in human breast cancer and is associated with a poor prognosis. In laboratory tests using mouse models, the virus was highly effective at eliminating implanted tumors and creating a strong immune response against cancer. VSV has many advantages as a cancer treatment, including high levels of safety and efficacy and the ability to be combined with other oncolytic viruses to enhance treatment results or to create an effective cancer vaccine. This new virus can also be easily modified to target other cancer cell surface molecules and to add immune-modifying genes. Overall, this new VSV is a promising candidate for further development as an immune-based cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ira Bergman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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9
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Sakuda T, Kubo T, Johan MP, Furuta T, Sakaguchi T, Adachi N. Oncolytic Effect of a Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Encoding a Tumor-suppressor MicroRNA in an Osteosarcoma Mouse Model. Anticancer Res 2023; 43:1185-1191. [PMID: 36854523 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.16264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Attempts have been made to enhance treatment with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) for osteosarcoma. We have previously shown that VSV incorporated with miRNA143 enhanced the antitumor effect at some doses; however, the range of the doses was narrow. This has not been evaluated in vivo, and the synergistic effect of this antitumor effect in animals is unknown. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the oncolytic effect of VSV-miRNA on osteosarcoma cells in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS A novel oncolytic VSV was developed by incorporating the tumor-suppressor microRNA143 (rVSV-miR143). In order to compare the antitumor effects of administration methods (intravenous and intratumoral administration) of rVSV-miR143 with those of VSV, a comparative analysis of primary tumor volume, metastatic lesions and survival rate was performed in mouse models of osteosarcoma. RESULTS Following intratumoral injection, rVSV-miR143 showed a significant reduction in primary tumor volume, but no significant difference was observed in metastatic lesions and survival rate compared to VSV. Following intravenous injection, rVSV-miR143 revealed no significant difference in primary tumor volume, metastatic lesion and survival rate compared to VSV. CONCLUSION VSV incorporating tumor-suppressor miRNA143 demonstrated a slightly synergistic antitumor effect on osteosarcoma in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Sakuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan;
| | - Tadahiko Kubo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Muhammad Phetrus Johan
- Department of Orthopedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Taisuke Furuta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takemasa Sakaguchi
- Department of Virology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuo Adachi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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10
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Relph K, Arif M, Pandha H, Annels N, Simpson GR. Analysis of ICAM-1 Expression on Bladder Carcinoma Cell Lines and Infectivity and Oncolysis by Coxsackie Virus A21. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2684:319-327. [PMID: 37410244 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3291-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are biological agents which can easily be delivered at high doses directly to the bladder through a catheter (intravesical), with low risk of systemic uptake and toxicity. To date, a number of viruses have been delivered intravesically in patients and in murine models with bladder cancer and antitumour effects demonstrated. Here, we describe in vitro methods to evaluate Coxsackie virus, CVA21, as an oncolytic virus for the treatment of human bladder cancer by determining the susceptibility of bladder cancer cell lines expressing differing levels of ICAM-1 surface receptor to CVA21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Relph
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - Mehreen Arif
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Nicola Annels
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Guy R Simpson
- Targeted Cancer Therapy, Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
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11
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Schirrmacher V, van Gool S, Stuecker W. Counteracting Immunosuppression in the Tumor Microenvironment by Oncolytic Newcastle Disease Virus and Cellular Immunotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13050. [PMID: 36361831 PMCID: PMC9655431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
An apparent paradox exists between the evidence for spontaneous systemic T cell- mediated anti-tumor immune responses in cancer patients, observed particularly in their bone marrow, and local tumor growth in the periphery. This phenomenon, known as "concomitant immunity" suggests that the local tumor and its tumor microenvironment (TME) prevent systemic antitumor immunity to become effective. Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an agent with inherent anti-neoplastic and immune stimulatory properties, is capable of breaking therapy resistance and immunosuppression. This review updates latest information about immunosuppression by the TME and discusses mechanisms of how oncolytic viruses, in particular NDV, and cellular immunotherapy can counteract the immunosuppressive effect of the TME. With regard to cellular immunotherapy, the review presents pre-clinical studies of post-operative active-specific immunotherapy and of adoptive T cell-mediated therapy in immunocompetent mice. Memory T cell (MTC) transfer in tumor challenged T cell-deficient nu/nu mice demonstrates longevity and functionality of these cells. Graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) studies in mice demonstrate complete remission of late-stage disease including metastases and cachexia. T cell based immunotherapy studies with human cells in human tumor xenotransplanted NOD/SCID mice demonstrate superiority of bone marrow-derived as compared to blood-derived MTCs. Results from clinical studies presented include vaccination studies using two different types of NDV-modified cancer vaccine and a pilot adoptive T-cell mediated therapy study using re-activated bone marrow-derived cancer-reactive MTCs. As an example for what can be expected from clinical immunotherapy against tumors with an immunosuppressive TME, results from vaccination studies are presented from the aggressive brain tumor glioblastoma multiforme. The last decades of basic research in virology, oncology and immunology can be considered as a success story. Based on discoveries of these research areas, translational research and clinical studies have changed the way of treatment of cancer by introducing and including immunotherapy.
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12
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Nguyen TT, Shin DH, Sohoni S, Singh SK, Rivera-Molina Y, Jiang H, Fan X, Gumin J, Lang FF, Alvarez-Breckenridge C, Godoy-Vitorino F, Zhu L, Zheng WJ, Zhai L, Ladomersky E, Lauing KL, Alonso MM, Wainwright DA, Gomez-Manzano C, Fueyo J. Reshaping the tumor microenvironment with oncolytic viruses, positive regulation of the immune synapse, and blockade of the immunosuppressive oncometabolic circuitry. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004935. [PMID: 35902132 PMCID: PMC9341188 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncolytic viruses are considered part of immunotherapy and have shown promise in preclinical experiments and clinical trials. Results from these studies have suggested that tumor microenvironment remodeling is required to achieve an effective response in solid tumors. Here, we assess the extent to which targeting specific mechanisms underlying the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment optimizes viroimmunotherapy. METHODS We used RNA-seq analyses to analyze the transcriptome, and validated the results using Q-PCR, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence. Viral activity was analyzed by replication assays and viral titration. Kyn and Trp metabolite levels were quantified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation was analyzed by examination of promoter activity. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed by tumor histopathology and survival in syngeneic murine models of gliomas, including Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)-/- mice. Flow cytometry was used for immunophenotyping and quantification of cell populations. Immune activation was examined in co-cultures of immune and cancer cells. T-cell depletion was used to identify the role played by specific cell populations. Rechallenge experiments were performed to identify the development of anti-tumor memory. RESULTS Bulk RNA-seq analyses showed the activation of the immunosuppressive IDO-kynurenine-AhR circuitry in response to Delta-24-RGDOX infection of tumors. To overcome the effect of this pivotal pathway, we combined Delta-24-RGDOX with clinically relevant IDO inhibitors. The combination therapy increased the frequency of CD8+ T cells and decreased the rate of myeloid-derived suppressor cell and immunosupressive Treg tumor populations in animal models of solid tumors. Functional studies demonstrated that IDO-blockade-dependent activation of immune cells against tumor antigens could be reversed by the oncometabolite kynurenine. The concurrent targeting of the effectors and suppressors of the tumor immune landscape significantly prolonged the survival in animal models of orthotopic gliomas. CONCLUSIONS Our data identified for the first time the in vivo role of IDO-dependent immunosuppressive pathways in the resistance of solid tumors to oncolytic adenoviruses. Specifically, the IDO-Kyn-AhR activity was responsible for the resurface of local immunosuppression and resistance to therapy, which was ablated through IDO inhibition. Our data indicate that combined molecular and immune therapy may improve outcomes in human gliomas and other cancers treated with virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa T Nguyen
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Dong Ho Shin
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sagar Sohoni
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sanjay K Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yisel Rivera-Molina
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xuejun Fan
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joy Gumin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Filipa Godoy-Vitorino
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Lisha Zhu
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Biomedical Informatics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - W Jim Zheng
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Biomedical Informatics, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lijie Zhai
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Erik Ladomersky
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kristen L Lauing
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marta M Alonso
- Pediatrics, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Program of Solid Tumors, CIMA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Derek A Wainwright
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Medicine-Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Candelaria Gomez-Manzano
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Juan Fueyo
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
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13
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Zhang Z, Yang A, Chaurasiya S, Park AK, Lu J, Kim SI, Warner SG, Yuan YC, Liu Z, Han H, Von Hoff D, Fong Y, Woo Y. CF33-hNIS-antiPDL1 virus primes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma for enhanced anti-PD-L1 therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:722-733. [PMID: 34108669 PMCID: PMC8896143 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00350-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic strategies that combine oncolytic virus (OV) and immune checkpoint inhibitors have the potential to overcome treatment resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the least immunogenic solid tumors. Oncolytic viral chimera, CF33-hNIS-antiPDL1 genetically modified to express anti-human PD-L1 antibody and CF33-hNIS-Δ without the anti-PD-L1 gene, were used to investigate the immunogenic effects of OVs and virus-delivered anti-PD-L1 in PDAC in vitro. Western blot, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence microscopy were used to evaluate the effects of CF33-hNIS-Δ and IFNγ on PD-L1 upregulation in AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 cells, and CF33-hNIS-antiPDL1 production of anti-PD-L1 and surface PD-L1 blockade of AsPC-1 and BxPC-3 with or without cocultured activated T cells. The cytosolic and cell surface levels of PD-L1 in PDAC cell lines varied; only BxPC-3 showed high cell surface expression. Treatment of these cells with CF33-hNIS-Δ and IFNγ significantly upregulated PD-L1 expression and translocation of PD-L1 from the cytosol onto the cell surface. Following coculture of activated T cells and BxPC-3 with CF33-hNIS-antiPDL1, the cell surface PD-L1 blockade on BxPC-3 cells by virus-delivered anti-PD-L1 antibody increased granzyme B release and prevented virus-induced decrease of perforin release from activated CD8+ T cells. Our results suggest that CF33-IOVs can prime immune checkpoint inhibition of PDAC and enhance antitumor immune killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Zhang
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Annie Yang
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | - Anthony K Park
- Cancer Immunotherapeutics Program, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jianming Lu
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sang-In Kim
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Susanne G Warner
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
- Cancer Immunotherapeutics Program, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yate-Ching Yuan
- Division of Translational Bioinformatics, Center for Informatics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Zheng Liu
- Division of Translational Bioinformatics, Center for Informatics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Haiyong Han
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Daniel Von Hoff
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yuman Fong
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Yanghee Woo
- Department of Surgery, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
- Cancer Immunotherapeutics Program, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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14
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Ferreira RO, Granha I, Ferreira RS, Bueno HDS, Okamoto OK, Kaid C, Zatz M. Effect of Serial Systemic and Intratumoral Injections of Oncolytic ZIKV BR in Mice Bearing Embryonal CNS Tumors. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102103. [PMID: 34696533 PMCID: PMC8541080 DOI: 10.3390/v13102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) has shown a promising oncolytic effect against embryonal CNS tumors. However, studies on the effect of different administration routes and the ideal viral load in preclinical models are highly relevant aiming for treatment safety and efficiency. Here, we investigated the effect and effectiveness of different routes of administration, and the number of ZIKVBR injections on tumor tropism, destruction, and side effects. Furthermore, we designed an early-stage human brain organoid co-cultured with embryonal CNS tumors to analyze the ZIKVBR oncolytic effect. We showed that in the mice bearing subcutaneous tumors, the ZIKVBR systemically presented a tropism to the brain. When the tumor was located in the mice’s brain, serial systemic injections presented efficient tumor destruction, with no neurological or other organ injury and increased mice survival. In the human cerebral organoid model co-cultured with embryonal CNS tumor cells, ZIKVBR impaired tumor progression. The gene expression of cytokines and chemokines in both models suggested an enhancement of immune cells recruitment and tumor inflammation after the treatment. These results open new perspectives for virotherapy using the ZIKVBR systemic administration route and multiple doses of low virus load for safe and effective treatment of embryonal CNS tumors, an orphan disease that urges new effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiane Oliveira Ferreira
- Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil; (R.O.F.); (I.G.); (R.S.F.); (H.d.S.B.); (O.K.O.)
| | - Isabela Granha
- Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil; (R.O.F.); (I.G.); (R.S.F.); (H.d.S.B.); (O.K.O.)
| | - Rodolfo Sanches Ferreira
- Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil; (R.O.F.); (I.G.); (R.S.F.); (H.d.S.B.); (O.K.O.)
| | - Heloisa de Siqueira Bueno
- Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil; (R.O.F.); (I.G.); (R.S.F.); (H.d.S.B.); (O.K.O.)
| | - Oswaldo Keith Okamoto
- Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil; (R.O.F.); (I.G.); (R.S.F.); (H.d.S.B.); (O.K.O.)
- Hemotherapy and Cellular Therapy Department, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo 05652-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolini Kaid
- Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil; (R.O.F.); (I.G.); (R.S.F.); (H.d.S.B.); (O.K.O.)
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Centro de Estudos do Genoma Humano e Células-Tronco, Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil; (R.O.F.); (I.G.); (R.S.F.); (H.d.S.B.); (O.K.O.)
- Correspondence: (C.K.); (M.Z.)
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15
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Kulkarni A, Ferreira T, Bretscher C, Grewenig A, El-Andaloussi N, Bonifati S, Marttila T, Palissot V, Hossain JA, Azuaje F, Miletic H, Ystaas LAR, Golebiewska A, Niclou SP, Roeth R, Niesler B, Weiss A, Brino L, Marchini A. Oncolytic H-1 parvovirus binds to sialic acid on laminins for cell attachment and entry. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3834. [PMID: 34158478 PMCID: PMC8219832 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
H-1 parvovirus (H-1PV) is a promising anticancer therapy. However, in-depth understanding of its life cycle, including the host cell factors needed for infectivity and oncolysis, is lacking. This understanding may guide the rational design of combination strategies, aid development of more effective viruses, and help identify biomarkers of susceptibility to H-1PV treatment. To identify the host cell factors involved, we carry out siRNA library screening using a druggable genome library. We identify one crucial modulator of H-1PV infection: laminin γ1 (LAMC1). Using loss- and gain-of-function studies, competition experiments, and ELISA, we validate LAMC1 and laminin family members as being essential to H-1PV cell attachment and entry. H-1PV binding to laminins is dependent on their sialic acid moieties and is inhibited by heparin. We show that laminins are differentially expressed in various tumour entities, including glioblastoma. We confirm the expression pattern of laminin γ1 in glioblastoma biopsies by immunohistochemistry. We also provide evidence of a direct correlation between LAMC1 expression levels and H-1PV oncolytic activity in 59 cancer cell lines and in 3D organotypic spheroid cultures with different sensitivities to H-1PV infection. These results support the idea that tumours with elevated levels of γ1 containing laminins are more susceptible to H-1PV-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kulkarni
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Tiago Ferreira
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Clemens Bretscher
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annabel Grewenig
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nazim El-Andaloussi
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Lonza Cologne GmbH, Köln, Germany
| | - Serena Bonifati
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Center for Retrovirus Research, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tiina Marttila
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Valérie Palissot
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jubayer A Hossain
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Francisco Azuaje
- Quantitative Biology Unit, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Genomics England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hrvoje Miletic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars A R Ystaas
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna Golebiewska
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Simone P Niclou
- NorLux Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ralf Roeth
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beate Niesler
- nCounter Core Facility, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amélie Weiss
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Laurent Brino
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
| | - Antonio Marchini
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Laboratory of Oncolytic Virus Immuno-Therapeutics, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, Luxembourg.
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16
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Morimoto D, Matsumura S, Bustos-Villalobos I, Sibal PA, Ichinose T, Naoe Y, Eissa IR, Abdelmoneim M, Mukoyama N, Miyajima N, Tanaka M, Kodera Y, Kasuya H. C-REV Retains High Infectivity Regardless of the Expression Levels of cGAS and STING in Cultured Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061502. [PMID: 34203706 PMCID: PMC8232185 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy is widely considered as a major breakthrough in anti-cancer treatments. In our previous study, the efficacy and safety of using C-REV for anti-cancer therapy in patients during stage I clinical trial was reported. The stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-TBK1-IRF3-IFN pathway is known to act as the central cellular host defense against viral infection. Recent reports have linked low expression levels of cGAS and STING in cancer cells to poor prognosis among patients. Moreover, downregulation of cGAS and STING has been linked to higher susceptibility to OV infection among several cancer cell lines. In this paper, we show that there is little correlation between levels of cGAS/STING expression and susceptibility to C-REV among human pancreatic cancer cell lines. Despite having a responsive STING pathway, BxPC-3 cells are highly susceptible to C-REV infection. Upon pre-activation of the STING pathway, BxPc-3 cells exhibited resistance to C-REV infection. However, without pre-activation, C-REV completely suppressed the STING pathway in BxPC-3 cells. Additionally, despite harboring defects in the STING pathway, other high-grade cancer cell lines, such as Capan-2, PANC-1 and MiaPaCa-2, still exhibited low susceptibility to C-REV infection. Furthermore, overexpression of STING in MiaPaCa-2 cells altered susceptibility to a limited extent. Taken together, our data suggest that the cGAS-STING pathway plays a minor role in the susceptibility of pancreatic cancer cell lines to C-REV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daishi Morimoto
- Department of Surgery II, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (D.M.); (I.R.E.); (M.A.); (Y.K.)
| | - Shigeru Matsumura
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (S.M.); (I.B.-V.); (P.A.S.); (T.I.); (Y.N.)
| | - Itzel Bustos-Villalobos
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (S.M.); (I.B.-V.); (P.A.S.); (T.I.); (Y.N.)
| | - Patricia Angela Sibal
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (S.M.); (I.B.-V.); (P.A.S.); (T.I.); (Y.N.)
- Department of Biological Science, School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toru Ichinose
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (S.M.); (I.B.-V.); (P.A.S.); (T.I.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yoshinori Naoe
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (S.M.); (I.B.-V.); (P.A.S.); (T.I.); (Y.N.)
| | - Ibrahim Ragab Eissa
- Department of Surgery II, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (D.M.); (I.R.E.); (M.A.); (Y.K.)
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (S.M.); (I.B.-V.); (P.A.S.); (T.I.); (Y.N.)
- Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31111, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelmoneim
- Department of Surgery II, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (D.M.); (I.R.E.); (M.A.); (Y.K.)
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (S.M.); (I.B.-V.); (P.A.S.); (T.I.); (Y.N.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Nobuaki Mukoyama
- Department of Otolaryngology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
| | - Noriyuki Miyajima
- Department of Transplantation and Endocrine Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan;
| | - Maki Tanaka
- Takara Bio Inc., Kusatsu, Shiga 525-0058, Japan;
| | - Yasuhiro Kodera
- Department of Surgery II, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (D.M.); (I.R.E.); (M.A.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hideki Kasuya
- Cancer Immune Therapy Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan; (S.M.); (I.B.-V.); (P.A.S.); (T.I.); (Y.N.)
- Correspondence:
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17
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Arnone CM, Polito VA, Mastronuzzi A, Carai A, Diomedi FC, Antonucci L, Petrilli LL, Vinci M, Ferrari F, Salviato E, Scarsella M, De Stefanis C, Weber G, Quintarelli C, De Angelis B, Brenner MK, Gottschalk S, Hoyos V, Locatelli F, Caruana I, Del Bufalo F. Oncolytic adenovirus and gene therapy with EphA2-BiTE for the treatment of pediatric high-grade gliomas. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001930. [PMID: 33963009 PMCID: PMC8108682 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) are among the most common and incurable malignant neoplasms of childhood. Despite aggressive, multimodal treatment, the outcome of children with high-grade gliomas has not significantly improved over the past decades, prompting the development of innovative approaches. METHODS To develop an effective treatment, we aimed at improving the suboptimal antitumor efficacy of oncolytic adenoviruses (OAs) by testing the combination with a gene-therapy approach using a bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) directed towards the erythropoietin-producing human hepatocellular carcinoma A2 receptor (EphA2), conveyed by a replication-incompetent adenoviral vector (EphA2 adenovirus (EAd)). The combinatorial approach was tested in vitro, in vivo and thoroughly characterized at a molecular level. RESULTS After confirming the relevance of EphA2 as target in pHGGs, documenting a significant correlation with worse clinical outcome of the patients, we showed that the proposed strategy provides significant EphA2-BiTE amplification and enhanced tumor cell apoptosis, on coculture with T cells. Moreover, T-cell activation through an agonistic anti-CD28 antibody further increased the activation/proliferation profiles and functional response against infected tumor cells, inducing eradication of highly resistant, primary pHGG cells. The gene-expression analysis of tumor cells and T cells, after coculture, revealed the importance of both EphA2-BiTE and costimulation in the proposed system. These in vitro observations translated into significant tumor control in vivo, in both subcutaneous and a more challenging orthotopic model. CONCLUSIONS The combination of OA and EphA2-BiTE gene therapy strongly enhances the antitumor activity of OA, inducing the eradication of highly resistant tumor cells, thus supporting the clinical translation of the approach.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adenoviridae/metabolism
- Adenoviridae/pathogenicity
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bispecific/genetics
- Antibodies, Bispecific/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- Brain Neoplasms/genetics
- Brain Neoplasms/metabolism
- Brain Neoplasms/therapy
- Brain Neoplasms/virology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Genetic Therapy
- Genetic Vectors
- Glioma/genetics
- Glioma/metabolism
- Glioma/therapy
- Glioma/virology
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Grading
- Oncolytic Virotherapy
- Oncolytic Viruses/genetics
- Oncolytic Viruses/metabolism
- Oncolytic Viruses/pathogenicity
- Receptor, EphA2/genetics
- Receptor, EphA2/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Manuela Arnone
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vinicia Assunta Polito
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Carai
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Laura Antonucci
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Lisa Petrilli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vinci
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Ferrari
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, IFOM, Milano, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics National Research Council, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisa Salviato
- The FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, IFOM, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Scarsella
- Flow Cytometry and Histology Core Facilities, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristiano De Stefanis
- Flow Cytometry and Histology Core Facilities, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerrit Weber
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Concetta Quintarelli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Biagio De Angelis
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Malcolm K Brenner
- Baylor College of Medicine Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen Gottschalk
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Valentina Hoyos
- Baylor College of Medicine Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Ignazio Caruana
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Del Bufalo
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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18
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Kottke T, Tonne J, Evgin L, Driscoll CB, van Vloten J, Jennings VA, Huff AL, Zell B, Thompson JM, Wongthida P, Pulido J, Schuelke MR, Samson A, Selby P, Ilett E, McNiven M, Roberts LR, Borad MJ, Pandha H, Harrington K, Melcher A, Vile RG. Oncolytic virotherapy induced CSDE1 neo-antigenesis restricts VSV replication but can be targeted by immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1930. [PMID: 33772027 PMCID: PMC7997928 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In our clinical trials of oncolytic vesicular stomatitis virus expressing interferon beta (VSV-IFNβ), several patients achieved initial responses followed by aggressive relapse. We show here that VSV-IFNβ-escape tumors predictably express a point-mutated CSDE1P5S form of the RNA-binding Cold Shock Domain-containing E1 protein, which promotes escape as an inhibitor of VSV replication by disrupting viral transcription. Given time, VSV-IFNβ evolves a compensatory mutation in the P/M Inter-Genic Region which rescues replication in CSDE1P5S cells. These data show that CSDE1 is a major cellular co-factor for VSV replication. However, CSDE1P5S also generates a neo-epitope recognized by non-tolerized T cells. We exploit this predictable neo-antigenesis to drive, and trap, tumors into an escape phenotype, which can be ambushed by vaccination against CSDE1P5S, preventing tumor escape. Combining frontline therapy with escape-targeting immunotherapy will be applicable across multiple therapies which drive tumor mutation/evolution and simultaneously generate novel, targetable immunopeptidomes associated with acquired treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jason Tonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Jacob van Vloten
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Victoria A Jennings
- Chester Beatty Laboratories, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Amanda L Huff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brady Zell
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jill M Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Jose Pulido
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Adel Samson
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Peter Selby
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Elizabeth Ilett
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark McNiven
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lewis R Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mitesh J Borad
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Kevin Harrington
- Chester Beatty Laboratories, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Alan Melcher
- Chester Beatty Laboratories, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Richard G Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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19
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Khalique H, Baugh R, Dyer A, Scott EM, Frost S, Larkin S, Lei-Rossmann J, Seymour LW. Oncolytic herpesvirus expressing PD-L1 BiTE for cancer therapy: exploiting tumor immune suppression as an opportunity for targeted immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001292. [PMID: 33820820 PMCID: PMC8026026 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important immune checkpoint protein that can be regarded as a pan-cancer antigen expressed by multiple different cell types within the tumor. While antagonizing PD-L1 is well known to relieve PD-1/PD-L1-mediated T cell suppression, here we have combined this approach with an immunotherapy strategy to target T cell cytotoxicity directly toward PD-L1-expressing cells. We developed a bi-specific T cell engager (BiTE) crosslinking PD-L1 and CD3ε and demonstrated targeted cytotoxicity using a clinically relevant patient-derived ascites model. This approach represents an immunological 'volte-face' whereby a tumor immunological defense mechanism can be instantly transformed into an Achilles' heel for targeted immunotherapy. METHODS The PD-L1 targeting BiTE comprises an anti-PD-L1 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) or nanobody (NB) domain and an anti-CD3 scFv domain in a tandem repeat. The ability to activate T cell cytotoxicity toward PD-L1-expressing cells was established using human carcinoma cells and PD-L1-expressing human ('M2') macrophages in the presence of autologous T cells. Furthermore, we armed oncolytic herpes simplex virus-1 (oHSV-1) with PD-L1 BiTE and demonstrated successful delivery and targeted cytotoxicity in unpurified cultures of malignant ascites derived from different cancer patients. RESULTS PD-L1 BiTE crosslinks PD-L1-positive cells and CD3ε on T cells in a 'pseudo-synapse' and triggers T cell activation and release of proinflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Activation of endogenous T cells within ascites samples led to significant lysis of tumor cells and M2-like macrophages (CD11b+CD64+ and CD206+/CD163+). The survival of CD3+ T cells (which can also express PD-L1) was unaffected. Intriguingly, ascites fluid that appeared particularly immunosuppressive led to higher expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells, resulting in improved BiTE-mediated T cell activation. CONCLUSIONS The study reveals that PD-L1 BiTE is an effective immunotherapeutic approach to kill PD-L1-positive tumor cells and macrophages while leaving T cells unharmed. This approach activates endogenous T cells within malignant ascites, generates a proinflammatory response and eliminates cells promoting tumor progression. Using an oncolytic virus for local expression of PD-L1 BiTE also prevents 'on-target off-tumor' systemic toxicities and harnesses immunosuppressive protumor conditions to augment immunotherapy in immunologically 'cold' clinical cancers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Bispecific/genetics
- Antibodies, Bispecific/immunology
- Antibodies, Bispecific/metabolism
- B7-H1 Antigen/immunology
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- CD3 Complex/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Coculture Techniques
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- HEK293 Cells
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/metabolism
- Humans
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/metabolism
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Neoplasms/virology
- Oncolytic Virotherapy
- Oncolytic Viruses/genetics
- Oncolytic Viruses/immunology
- Oncolytic Viruses/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages/immunology
- Tumor-Associated Macrophages/metabolism
- Vero Cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Hena Khalique
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Richard Baugh
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Arthur Dyer
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Eleanor M Scott
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Sally Frost
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Sarah Larkin
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - Leonard W Seymour
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
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20
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Havunen R, Kalliokoski R, Siurala M, Sorsa S, Santos JM, Cervera-Carrascon V, Anttila M, Hemminki A. Cytokine-Coding Oncolytic Adenovirus TILT-123 Is Safe, Selective, and Effective as a Single Agent and in Combination with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Anti-PD-1. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020246. [PMID: 33513935 PMCID: PMC7911972 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses provide a biologically multi-faceted treatment option for patients who cannot be cured with currently available treatment options. We constructed an oncolytic adenovirus, TILT-123, to support T-cell therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors in solid tumors. Adenoviruses are immunogenic by nature, are easy to produce in large quantities, and can carry relatively large transgenes. They are the most commonly used gene therapy vectors and are well tolerated in patients. TILT-123 expresses two potent cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-2, to stimulate especially the T-cell compartment in the tumor microenvironment. Before entering clinical studies, the safety and biodistribution of TILT-123 was studied in Syrian hamsters and in mice. The results show that TILT-123 is safe in animals as monotherapy and in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor anti-PD-1. The virus treatment induces acute changes in circulating immune cell compartments, but the levels return to normal by the middle of the treatment period. The virus is rapidly cleared from healthy tissues, and it does not cause damage to vital organs. The results support the initiation of a phase 1 dose-escalation trial, where melanoma patients receiving a tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte therapy are treated with TILT-123 (NCT04217473).
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Havunen
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (R.H.); (R.K.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (J.M.S.); (V.C.-C.)
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Kalliokoski
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (R.H.); (R.K.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (J.M.S.); (V.C.-C.)
| | - Mikko Siurala
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (R.H.); (R.K.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (J.M.S.); (V.C.-C.)
| | - Suvi Sorsa
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (R.H.); (R.K.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (J.M.S.); (V.C.-C.)
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - João M. Santos
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (R.H.); (R.K.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (J.M.S.); (V.C.-C.)
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Victor Cervera-Carrascon
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (R.H.); (R.K.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (J.M.S.); (V.C.-C.)
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjukka Anttila
- Pathology Unit, Finnish Food Authority, 00790 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (R.H.); (R.K.); (M.S.); (S.S.); (J.M.S.); (V.C.-C.)
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence:
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21
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Lee J, Oh GH, Hong JA, Choi S, Choi HJ, Song JJ. Enhanced oncolytic adenoviral production by downregulation of death-domain associated protein and overexpression of precursor terminal protein. Sci Rep 2021; 11:856. [PMID: 33441685 PMCID: PMC7807022 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79998-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Adequate viral replication in tumor cells is the key to improving the anti-cancer effects of oncolytic adenovirus therapy. In this study, we introduced short hairpin RNAs against death-domain associated protein (Daxx), a repressor of adenoviral replication, and precursor terminal protein (pTP), an initiator of adenoviral genome replication, into adenoviral constructs to determine their contributions to viral replication. Both Daxx downregulation and pTP overexpression increased viral production in variety of human cancer cell lines, and the enhanced production of virus progeny resulted in more cell lysis in vitro, and tumor regression in vivo. We confirmed that increased virus production by Daxx silencing, or pTP overexpression, occurred using different mechanisms by analyzing levels of adenoviral protein expression and virus production. Specifically, Daxx downregulation promoted both virus replication and oncolysis in a consecutive manner by optimizing IVa2-based packaging efficiency, while pTP overexpression by increasing both infectious and total virus particles but their contribution to increased viral production may have been damaged to some extent by their another contribution to apoptosis and autophagy. Therefore, introducing both Daxx shRNA and pTP in virotherapy may be a suitable strategy to increase apoptotic tumor-cell death and to overcome poor viral replication, leading to meaningful reductions in tumor growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Lee
- Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Hyeok Oh
- Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong A Hong
- Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Choi
- Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae J Song
- Institute for Cancer Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Abstract
Myxoma virus (MYXV) has proven to be an effective candidate for oncolytic virotherapy in many preclinical cancer models. As a nonhuman pathogen, MYXV does not need to overcome any preexisting antiviral immunity, and its DNA cannot integrate into the host genome, making it an extremely safe vector. Moreover, the large dsDNA genome of MYXV allows the insertion of multiple transgenes and the design of engineered recombinant oncolytic viruses (OVs) with enhanced immunostimulatory or other desired properties. In this chapter, we describe detailed protocols for the generation and characterization of transgene-armed recombinant MYXV vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lino E Torres-Domínguez
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Ana Lemos de Matos
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Masmudur M Rahman
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Grant McFadden
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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23
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Iizuka K, Shoji K, Fujiyuki T, Moritoh K, Tamura K, Yoshida A, Sato H, Yoneda M, Asano K, Kai C. Antitumor activity of an oncolytic measles virus against canine urinary bladder transitional cell carcinoma cells. Res Vet Sci 2020; 133:313-317. [PMID: 33183781 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis of canine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of urinary bladder is generally poor because it is difficult to diagnose at early stages and conventional therapies, such as surgical resection and/or chemotherapy, are often not curative treatments. Based on our previous report that recombinant measles virus (rMV-SLAMblind) therapy could be a new treatment for canine mammary tumor, the applicability of rMV-SLAMblind in canine urinary bladder TCC was examined in this study. A canine TCC cell line was established from a TCC patient dog by transplanting a piece of the tumor mass into an immunodeficient mouse and then isolating the primary TCC cells from the grown tumor mass. The primary cultured cells, named TCC-NU1, express nectin-4, a receptor for rMV-SLAMblind infection. The rMV-SLAMblind infected TCC-NU1 cells, and dose-dependently showed cell cytotoxicity. Moreover, intratumoral administration of rMV-SLAMblind in a xenograft model bearing TCC-NU1 cells significantly suppressed the tumor growth reducing the endpoint mass of tumors in treated mice compared to control mice. These results suggest that virotherapy with rMV-SLAMblind be a new candidate therapy for canine TCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keigo Iizuka
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shoji
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Fujiyuki
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kanako Moritoh
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kei Tamura
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Asuka Yoshida
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Misako Yoneda
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Kazushi Asano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan
| | - Chieko Kai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
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24
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Menotti L, Avitabile E. Herpes Simplex Virus Oncolytic Immunovirotherapy: The Blossoming Branch of Multimodal Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218310. [PMID: 33167582 PMCID: PMC7664223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are smart therapeutics against cancer due to their potential to replicate and produce the needed therapeutic dose in the tumor, and to their ability to self-exhaust upon tumor clearance. Oncolytic virotherapy strategies based on the herpes simplex virus are reaching their thirties, and a wide variety of approaches has been envisioned and tested in many different models, and on a range of tumor targets. This huge effort has culminated in the primacy of an oncolytic HSV (oHSV) being the first oncolytic virus to be approved by the FDA and EMA for clinical use, for the treatment of advanced melanoma. The path has just been opened; many more cancer types with poor prognosis await effective and innovative therapies, and oHSVs could provide a promising solution, especially as combination therapies and immunovirotherapies. In this review, we analyze the most recent advances in this field, and try to envision the future ahead of oHSVs.
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25
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Farrera-Sal M, de Sostoa J, Nuñez-Manchón E, Moreno R, Fillat C, Bazan-Peregrino M, Alemany R. Arming Oncolytic Adenoviruses: Effect of Insertion Site and Splice Acceptor on Transgene Expression and Viral Fitness. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5158. [PMID: 32708234 PMCID: PMC7404292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) present limited efficacy in clinics. The insertion of therapeutic transgenes into OAds genomes, known as "arming OAds", has been the main strategy to improve their therapeutic potential. Different approaches were published in the decade of the 2000s, but with few comparisons. Most armed OAds have complete or partial E3 deletions, leading to a shorter half-life in vivo. We generated E3+ OAds using two insertion sites, After-fiber and After-E4, and two different splice acceptors linked to the major late promoter, either the Ad5 protein IIIa acceptor (IIIaSA) or the Ad40 long fiber acceptor (40SA). The highest transgene levels were obtained with the After-fiber location and 40SA. However, the set of codons of the transgene affected viral fitness, highlighting the relevance of transgene codon usage when arming OAds using the major late promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Farrera-Sal
- ProCure Program, Institut Català d’Oncologia, and Oncobell Program IDIBELL, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (M.F.-S.); (J.d.S.); (R.M.)
- VCN Biosciences S.L., 08174 Sant Cugat, Spain;
| | - Jana de Sostoa
- ProCure Program, Institut Català d’Oncologia, and Oncobell Program IDIBELL, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (M.F.-S.); (J.d.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Estela Nuñez-Manchón
- Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.N.-M.); (C.F.)
| | - Rafael Moreno
- ProCure Program, Institut Català d’Oncologia, and Oncobell Program IDIBELL, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (M.F.-S.); (J.d.S.); (R.M.)
| | - Cristina Fillat
- Institut d’investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (E.N.-M.); (C.F.)
| | | | - Ramon Alemany
- ProCure Program, Institut Català d’Oncologia, and Oncobell Program IDIBELL, 08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain; (M.F.-S.); (J.d.S.); (R.M.)
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26
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Evgin L, Huff AL, Wongthida P, Thompson J, Kottke T, Tonne J, Schuelke M, Ayasoufi K, Driscoll CB, Shim KG, Reynolds P, Monie DD, Johnson AJ, Coffey M, Young SL, Archer G, Sampson J, Pulido J, Perez LS, Vile R. Oncolytic virus-derived type I interferon restricts CAR T cell therapy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3187. [PMID: 32581235 PMCID: PMC7314766 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of adoptive T cell therapies, including those using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells, to solid tumors requires combinatorial strategies to overcome immune suppression associated with the tumor microenvironment. Here we test whether the inflammatory nature of oncolytic viruses and their ability to remodel the tumor microenvironment may help to recruit and potentiate the functionality of CAR T cells. Contrary to our hypothesis, VSVmIFNβ infection is associated with attrition of murine EGFRvIII CAR T cells in a B16EGFRvIII model, despite inducing a robust proinflammatory shift in the chemokine profile. Mechanistically, type I interferon (IFN) expressed following infection promotes apoptosis, activation, and inhibitory receptor expression, and interferon-insensitive CAR T cells enable combinatorial therapy with VSVmIFNβ. Our study uncovers an unexpected mechanism of therapeutic interference, and prompts further investigation into the interaction between CAR T cells and oncolytic viruses to optimize combination therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Female
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Interferon-beta/genetics
- Interferon-beta/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Oncolytic Virotherapy
- Oncolytic Viruses/genetics
- Oncolytic Viruses/metabolism
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amanda L Huff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tim Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jason Tonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kevin G Shim
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pierce Reynolds
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dileep D Monie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Matt Coffey
- Oncolytics Biotech Incorporated, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sarah L Young
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gary Archer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John Sampson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jose Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Richard Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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27
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Heiniö C, Havunen R, Santos J, de Lint K, Cervera-Carrascon V, Kanerva A, Hemminki A. TNFa and IL2 Encoding Oncolytic Adenovirus Activates Pathogen and Danger-Associated Immunological Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040798. [PMID: 32225009 PMCID: PMC7225950 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to break tumor resistance towards traditional treatments, we investigate the response of tumor and immune cells to a novel, cytokine-armed oncolytic adenovirus: Ad5/3-d24-E2F-hTNFa-IRES-hIL2 (also known as TILT-123 and OAd.TNFa-IL2). There are several pattern recognition receptors (PRR) that might mediate adenovirus-infection recognition. However, the role and specific effects of each PRR on the tumor microenvironment and treatment outcome remain unclear. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of OAd.TNFa-IL2 infection on PRR-mediated danger- and pathogen-associated molecular pattern (DAMP and PAMP, respectively) signaling. In addition, we wanted to see which PRRs mediate an antitumor response and are therefore relevant for optimizing this virotherapy. We determined that OAd.TNFa-IL2 induced DAMP and PAMP release and consequent tumor microenvironment modulation. We show that the AIM2 inflammasome is activated during OAd.TNFa-IL2 virotherapy, thus creating an immunostimulatory antitumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Heiniö
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, TRIMM, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (C.H.); (J.S.); (V.C.-C.); (A.K.)
| | - Riikka Havunen
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Joao Santos
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, TRIMM, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (C.H.); (J.S.); (V.C.-C.); (A.K.)
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Klaas de Lint
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Oncogenetics, Amsterdam UMC, De Boelelaan 1117, 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Victor Cervera-Carrascon
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, TRIMM, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (C.H.); (J.S.); (V.C.-C.); (A.K.)
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Anna Kanerva
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, TRIMM, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (C.H.); (J.S.); (V.C.-C.); (A.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, Haartmaninkatu 2, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, TRIMM, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (C.H.); (J.S.); (V.C.-C.); (A.K.)
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd., Haartmaninkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland;
- Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Paciuksenkatu 3, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Correspondence:
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28
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Vijayakumar G, Palese P, Goff PH. Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus expressing a checkpoint inhibitor as a radioenhancing agent for murine melanoma. EBioMedicine 2019; 49:96-105. [PMID: 31676387 PMCID: PMC6945240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting negative regulators, or checkpoint molecules (e.g. PD1/PD-L1 & CTLA4), of anti-tumoural T cells have demonstrated clinical efficacy in treating several neoplastic diseases. While many patients enjoy remarkable responses to checkpoint inhibitors, a majority show adverse effects. Understanding how checkpoint inhibitors may augment established chemotherapy or radiotherapy regimens or other immunotherapies like oncolytic viruses may lead to better clinical outcomes measured by improved efficacy with reduced toxicity. Here, we assess how Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an oncolytic virus in clinical testing, may interact with radiotherapy to enhance checkpoint inhibitor blockade. METHODS An immunocompetent B16-F10 murine melanoma model, generally considered to be a poorly immunogenic or "cold" tumour, was utilised to query whether combining localised radiotherapy with NDV may be more effective than either therapy alone in controlling tumours in mice treated with anti-PD1 or anti-CTLA4 monoclonal antibodies. We also investigated whether localised administration of a checkpoint inhibitor through an intratumoural injection of NDV that expresses anti-CTLA4 single-chain variable fragment (scFv) is comparable to systemic administration of anti-CTLA4 when combined with radiation in mediating its anti-tumour efficacy. Response rates were characterised by measuring tumour size over time, observation of complete tumour regression, and overall survival. FINDINGS Our results show that combining NDV plus radiotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (PD1 or CTLA4 targeted mAbs) results in significantly better complete tumour regression rates with an abscopal effect in a murine model of melanoma than either single therapy combined with checkpoint inhibitors. Finally, we also show that localised administration of a recombinant NDV expressing anti-CTLA4 plus radiation is comparable to systemic anti-CTLA4 plus radiation in mediating its anti-tumour effect as assayed by survival benefit. INTERPRETATION Our results show that oncolytic NDV plus radiotherapy work together with checkpoint inhibitors to enhance tumour clearance of murine melanoma. NDV is an effective radiotherapy dose-sparing and immunotherapeutic agent capable of transgenic, in vivo expression of an anti-CTLA4 targeted scFv antibody with the potential to spare systemic exposure. FUNDING The National Institutes of Health grant HHSN272201400008C supported the work. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Vijayakumar
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter Palese
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter H Goff
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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29
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Pipperger L, Koske I, Wild N, Müllauer B, Krenn D, Stoiber H, Wollmann G, Kimpel J, von Laer D, Bánki Z. Xenoantigen-Dependent Complement-Mediated Neutralization of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Glycoprotein-Pseudotyped Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in Human Serum. J Virol 2019; 93:e00567-19. [PMID: 31243134 PMCID: PMC6714799 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00567-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutralization by antibodies and complement limits the effective dose and thus the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic viruses after systemic application. We and others previously showed that pseudotyping of oncolytic rhabdoviruses such as maraba virus and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) with the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein (LCMV-GP) results in only a weak induction of neutralizing antibodies. Moreover, LCMV-GP-pseudotyped VSV (VSV-GP) was significantly more stable in normal human serum (NHS) than VSV. Here, we demonstrate that depending on the cell line used for virus production, VSV-GP showed different complement sensitivities in nonimmune NHS. The NHS-mediated titer reduction of VSV-GP was dependent on activation of the classical complement pathway, mainly by natural IgM antibodies against xenoantigens such as galactose-α-(1,3)-galactose (α-Gal) or N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) expressed on nonhuman production cell lines. VSV-GP produced on human cell lines was stable in NHS. However, VSV-GP generated in transduced human cells expressing α-Gal became sensitive to NHS. Furthermore, GP-specific antibodies induced complement-mediated neutralization of VSV-GP independently of the producer cell line, suggesting that complement regulatory proteins potentially acquired by the virus during the budding process are not sufficient to rescue the virus from antibody-dependent complement-mediated lysis. Thus, our study points to the importance of a careful selection of cell lines for viral vector production for clinical use.IMPORTANCE Systemic application aims to deliver oncolytic viruses to tumors as well as to metastatic lesions. However, we found that xenoantigens incorporated onto the viral surface from nonhuman production cell lines are recognized by natural antibodies in human serum and that the virus is thereby inactivated by complement lysis. Hence, to maximize the effective dose, careful selection of cell lines for virus production is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Pipperger
- Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Iris Koske
- Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nicole Wild
- Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Brigitte Müllauer
- Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Daniela Krenn
- Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Heribert Stoiber
- Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Guido Wollmann
- Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Viral Immunotherapy of Cancer, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Janine Kimpel
- Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dorothee von Laer
- Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zoltán Bánki
- Division of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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30
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Jennings VA, Scott GB, Rose AMS, Scott KJ, Migneco G, Keller B, Reilly K, Donnelly O, Peach H, Dewar D, Harrington KJ, Pandha H, Samson A, Vile RG, Melcher AA, Errington-Mais F. Potentiating Oncolytic Virus-Induced Immune-Mediated Tumor Cell Killing Using Histone Deacetylase Inhibition. Mol Ther 2019; 27:1139-1152. [PMID: 31053413 PMCID: PMC6554638 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A clinical oncolytic herpes simplex virus (HSV) encoding granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), talimogene laherparepvec, causes regression of injected and non-injected melanoma lesions in patients and is now licensed for clinical use in advanced melanoma. To date, limited data are available regarding the mechanisms of human anti-tumor immune priming, an improved understanding of which could inform the development of future combination strategies with improved efficacy. This study addressed direct oncolysis and innate and adaptive human immune-mediated effects of a closely related HSV encoding GM-CSF (HSVGM-CSF) alone and in combination with histone deacetylase inhibition. We found that HSVGM-CSF supported activation of anti-melanoma immunity via monocyte-mediated type I interferon production, which activates NK cells, and viral maturation of immature dendritic cells (iDCs) into potent antigen-presenting cells for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) priming. Addition of the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) to HSVGM-CSF treatment of tumor cells increased viral replication, viral GM-CSF production, and oncolysis and augmented the development of anti-tumor immunity. Mechanistically, VPA increased expression of activating ligands for NK cell recognition and induced expression of tumor-associated antigens, supporting innate NK cell killing and CTL priming. These data support the clinical combination of talimogene laherparepvec with histone deacetylase inhibition to enhance oncolysis and anti-tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Jennings
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London SW3 6JB, UK; Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Gina B Scott
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Ailsa M S Rose
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Karen J Scott
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Gemma Migneco
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Brian Keller
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katrina Reilly
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Oliver Donnelly
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Howard Peach
- St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Donald Dewar
- St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Kevin J Harrington
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Leggett Building, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Adel Samson
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
| | | | - Alan A Melcher
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Fiona Errington-Mais
- Section of Infection and Immunity, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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31
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Comins C, Simpson GR, Rogers W, Relph K, Harrington K, Melcher A, Roulstone V, Kyula J, Pandha H. Synergistic antitumour effects of rapamycin and oncolytic reovirus. Cancer Gene Ther 2018; 25:148-160. [PMID: 29720674 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-018-0011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There are currently numerous oncolytic viruses undergoing clinical trial evaluation in cancer patients and one agent, Talimogene laherparepvec, has been approved for the treatment of malignant melanoma. This progress highlights the huge clinical potential of this treatment modality, and the focus is now combining these agents with conventional anticancer treatments or agents that enhance viral replication, and thereby oncolysis, in the tumour microenvironment. We evaluated the combination of reovirus with rapamycin in B16F10 cell, a murine model of malignant melanoma, based on potential mechanisms by which mTOR inhibitors might enhance viral oncolysis. Rapamycin was not immunomodulatory in that it had no effect on the generation of an antireovirus-neutralising antibody response in C57/black 6 mice. The cell cycle effects of reovirus (increase G0/G1 fraction) were unaffected by concomitant or sequential exposure of rapamycin. However, rapamycin attenuated viral replication if given prior or concomitantly with reovirus and similarly reduced reovirus-induced apoptotic cell death Annexin V/PI and caspase 3/7 activation studies. We found clear evidence of synergistic antitumour effects of the combination both in vitro and in vivo, which was sequence dependent only in the in vitro setting. In conclusion, we have demonstrated synergistic antitumour efficacy of reovirus and rapamycin combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Comins
- Oncology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Leggett Building, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Guy Richard Simpson
- Oncology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Leggett Building, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7WG, UK
| | - William Rogers
- Oncology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Leggett Building, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Kate Relph
- Oncology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Leggett Building, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Kevin Harrington
- Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Alan Melcher
- Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Victoria Roulstone
- Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Joan Kyula
- Institute of Cancer Research, 123 Old Brompton Road, London, SW7 3RP, UK
| | - Hardev Pandha
- Oncology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Leggett Building, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7WG, UK.
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Xu Y, Chu L, Yuan S, Yang Y, Yang Y, Xu B, Zhang K, Liu XY, Wang R, Fang L, Chen Z, Liang Z. RGD-modified oncolytic adenovirus-harboring shPKM2 exhibits a potent cytotoxic effect in pancreatic cancer via autophagy inhibition and apoptosis promotion. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2835. [PMID: 28569774 PMCID: PMC5520890 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PKM2) is a key driver of glycolysis in cancer cells and has critical 'non-metabolic' functions in some cancers; however, the role of PKM2 in pancreatic cancer remains unclear. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the role of PKM2 in pancreatic cancer progression and the potential of PKM2 as a therapeutic target. In this study, we observed that PKM2 is highly expressed in patients with pancreatic cancer and is correlated to survival. Elevated PKM2 expression promoted cell proliferation, migration and tumor formation. The inhibition of cell growth by silencing PKM2 is caused by impairment of the autophagy process. To test the potential effects of downregulating PKM2 as a clinical therapy, we constructed an RGD-modified oncolytic adenovirus containing shPKM2 (OAd.R.shPKM2) to knock down PKM2 in pancreatic cancer cells. Cells transduced with OAd.R.shPKM2 exhibited decreased cell viability, and, in a PANC-1 xenograft model, intratumoral injection of OAd.R.shPKM2 resulted in reduced tumor growth. Furthermore, OAd.R.shPKM2 induced apoptosis and impaired autophagy in PANC-1 cells. Our results suggested that targeting PKM2 with an oncolytic adenovirus produced a strong antitumor effect, and that this strategy could broaden the therapeutic options for treating pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, PR China
| | - Liang Chu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Sujing Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Yuanqin Yang
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Yu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai 10th People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, PR China
| | - Kangjian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Xin-Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Science, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, PR China
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Ruwei Wang
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
- Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Ling Fang
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
- Zhejiang Conba Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Zhinan Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Cell Engineering Research Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, PR China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, PR China
- Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
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Chia SL, Lei J, Ferguson DJP, Dyer A, Fisher KD, Seymour LW. Group B adenovirus enadenotucirev infects polarised colorectal cancer cells efficiently from the basolateral surface expected to be encountered during intravenous delivery to treat disseminated cancer. Virology 2017; 505:162-171. [PMID: 28260622 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Enadenotucirev (EnAd) is a group B oncolytic adenovirus developed for systemic delivery and currently undergoing clinical evaluation for advanced cancer therapy. For differentiated carcinomas, systemic delivery would likely expose virus particles to the basolateral surface of cancer cells rather than the apical surface encountered during natural infection. Here, we compare the ability of EnAd and adenovirus type-5 (Ad5) to infect polarised colorectal carcinoma cells from the apical or basolateral surfaces. Whereas Ad5 infection was more efficient via the apical than basolateral surface, EnAd readily infected cells from either surface. Progeny particles from EnAd were released preferentially via the apical surface for all cell lines and routes of infection. These data further support the utility of group B adenoviruses for systemic delivery and suggest that progeny virus are more likely to be released into the tumour rather than back through the basolateral surface into the blood stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suet-Lin Chia
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Janet Lei
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David J P Ferguson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Arthur Dyer
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kerry D Fisher
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; PsiOxus Therapeutics, Abingdon, United Kingdom
| | - Leonard W Seymour
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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Rodriguez-Brenes IA, Hofacre A, Fan H, Wodarz D. Complex Dynamics of Virus Spread from Low Infection Multiplicities: Implications for the Spread of Oncolytic Viruses. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005241. [PMID: 28107341 PMCID: PMC5249046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While virus growth dynamics have been well-characterized in several infections, data are typically collected once the virus population becomes easily detectable. Earlier dynamics, however, remain less understood. We recently reported unusual early dynamics in an experimental system using adenovirus infection of human embryonic kidney (293) cells. Under identical experimental conditions, inoculation at low infection multiplicities resulted in either robust spread, or in limited spread that eventually stalled, with both outcomes occurring with approximately equal frequencies. The reasons underlying these observations have not been understood. Here, we present further experimental data showing that inhibition of interferon-induced antiviral states in cells results in a significant increase in the percentage of robust infections that are observed, implicating a race between virus replication and the spread of the anti-viral state as a central mechanism. Analysis of a variety of computational models, however, reveals that this alone cannot explain the simultaneous occurrence of both viral growth outcomes under identical conditions, and that additional biological mechanisms have to be invoked to explain the data. One such mechanism is the ability of the virus to overcome the antiviral state through multiple infection of cells. If this is included in the model, two outcomes of viral spread are found to be simultaneously stable, depending on initial conditions. In stochastic versions of such models, the system can go by chance to either state from identical initial conditions, with the relative frequency of the outcomes depending on the strength of the interferon-based anti-viral response, consistent with the experiments. This demonstrates considerable complexity during the early phase of the infection that can influence the ability of a virus to become successfully established. Implications for the initial dynamics of oncolytic virus spread through tumors are discussed. We investigate in vitro adenovirus spread starting from the lowest infection multiplicities. This phase of virus dynamics remains poorly understood and is likely critical for ensuring that engineered oncolytic viruses successfully spread and destroy tumors. We find unexpectedly complex dynamics, which are analyzed with a combination of experiments and mathematical models. The experiments indicate that the induction of an interferon-based anti-viral state is a crucial underlying mechanism. The mathematical models demonstrate that this mechanism alone cannot explain the experiments, and that additional mechanisms must be invoked to account for the data. The models suggest that the ability of the virus to overcome the anti-viral state through multiple infection of cells might be one such mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio A. Rodriguez-Brenes
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Hofacre
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Cancer Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Hung Fan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Cancer Research Institute, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Dominik Wodarz
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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35
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Titze MI, Frank J, Ehrhardt M, Smola S, Graf N, Lehr T. A generic viral dynamic model to systematically characterize the interaction between oncolytic virus kinetics and tumor growth. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 97:38-46. [PMID: 27825920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OV) represent an encouraging new therapeutic concept for treatment of human cancers. OVs specifically replicate in tumor cells and initiate cell lysis whilst tumor cells act as endogenous bioreactors for virus amplification. This complex bidirectional interaction between tumor and oncolytic virus hampers the establishment of a straight dose-concentration-effect relation. We aimed to develop a generic mathematical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) model to characterize the relationship between tumor cell growth and kinetics of different OVs. U87 glioblastoma cell growth and titer of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), reovirus (RV) and parvovirus (PV) were systematically determined in vitro. PK/PD analyses were performed using non-linear mixed effects modeling. A viral dynamic model (VDM) with a common structure for the three different OVs was developed which simultaneously described tumor growth and virus replication. Virus specific parameters enabled a comparison of the kinetics and tumor killing efficacy of each OV. The long-term interactions of tumor cells with NDV and RV were simulated to predict tumor reoccurrence. Various treatment scenarios (single and multiple dosing with same OV, co-infection with different OVs and combination with hypothetical cytotoxic compounds) were simulated and ranked for efficacy using a newly developed treatment rating score. The developed VDM serves as flexible tool for the systematic cross-characterization of tumor-virus relationships and supports preselection of the most promising treatment regimens for follow-up in vivo analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie I Titze
- Saarland University, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Julia Frank
- Saarland University, University Hospital Homburg, Department for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Michael Ehrhardt
- Saarland University, University Hospital Homburg, Department for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Sigrun Smola
- Saarland University, Institute of Virology, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Norbert Graf
- Saarland University, University Hospital Homburg, Department for Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lehr
- Saarland University, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Puduvalli VK. Vaccine Therapies Against Gliomas: Prime Time Yet? Oncology (Williston Park) 2016; 30:222-223. [PMID: 26984214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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37
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Desjardins A, Vlahovic G, Friedman HS. Vaccine Therapy, Oncolytic Viruses, and Gliomas. Oncology (Williston Park) 2016; 30:211-218. [PMID: 26984213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
After years of active research and refinement, vaccine therapy and oncolytic viruses are becoming part of the arsenal in the treatment of gliomas. In contrast to standard treatment with radiation therapy and chemotherapy, vaccines are more specific to the patient and the tumor. The majority of ongoing vaccine trials are investigating peptide, heat shock protein, and dendritic cell vaccines. The immunosuppression triggered by the tumor itself and by its treatment is a major obstacle to vaccine and oncolytic virus therapy. Thus, combination therapy with different agents that affect the immune system will probably be necessary.
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38
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Achard C, Boisgerault N, Delaunay T, Roulois D, Nedellec S, Royer PJ, Pain M, Combredet C, Mesel-Lemoine M, Cellerin L, Magnan A, Tangy F, Grégoire M, Fonteneau JF. Sensitivity of human pleural mesothelioma to oncolytic measles virus depends on defects of the type I interferon response. Oncotarget 2015; 6:44892-904. [PMID: 26539644 PMCID: PMC4792599 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Attenuated measles virus (MV) is currently being evaluated as an oncolytic virus in clinical trials and could represent a new therapeutic approach for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Herein, we screened the sensitivity to MV infection and replication of twenty-two human MPM cell lines and some healthy primary cells. We show that MV replicates in fifteen of the twenty-two MPM cell lines. Despite overexpression of CD46 by a majority of MPM cell lines compared to healthy cells, we found that the sensitivity to MV replication did not correlate with this overexpression. We then evaluated the antiviral type I interferon (IFN) responses of MPM cell lines and healthy cells. We found that healthy cells and the seven insensitive MPM cell lines developed a type I IFN response in presence of the virus, thereby inhibiting replication. In contrast, eleven of the fifteen sensitive MPM cell lines were unable to develop a complete type I IFN response in presence of MV. Finally, we show that addition of type I IFN onto MV sensitive tumor cell lines inhibits replication. These results demonstrate that defects in type I IFN response are frequent in MPM and that MV takes advantage of these defects to exert oncolytic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Achard
- INSERM, UMR892, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CNRS, UMR6299, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Nicolas Boisgerault
- INSERM, UMR892, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CNRS, UMR6299, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Tiphaine Delaunay
- INSERM, UMR892, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CNRS, UMR6299, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - David Roulois
- INSERM, UMR892, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CNRS, UMR6299, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Steven Nedellec
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- INSERM UMS016, SFR Santé, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre-Joseph Royer
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- INSERM UMRS1087, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Mallory Pain
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- INSERM UMRS1087, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Chantal Combredet
- CNRS UMR3569, Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Mariana Mesel-Lemoine
- CNRS UMR3569, Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Cellerin
- CHU de Nantes, Service d'Oncologie Médicale Thoracique et Digestive, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Magnan
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- INSERM UMRS1087, Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
- CHU de Nantes, Service de Pneumologie, Nantes, France
| | - Frédéric Tangy
- CNRS UMR3569, Unité de Génomique Virale et Vaccination, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Marc Grégoire
- INSERM, UMR892, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CNRS, UMR6299, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-François Fonteneau
- INSERM, UMR892, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- CNRS, UMR6299, Institut de Recherche en Santé de l'Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
- Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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Dobbins GC, Ugai H, Curiel DT, Gillespie GY. A Multi Targeting Conditionally Replicating Adenovirus Displays Enhanced Oncolysis while Maintaining Expression of Immunotherapeutic Agents. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145272. [PMID: 26689910 PMCID: PMC4687127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated that oncolytic adenoviruses based on a 24 base pair deletion in the viral E1A gene (D24) may be promising therapeutics for treating a number of cancer types. In order to increase the therapeutic potential of these oncolytic viruses, a novel conditionally replicating adenovirus targeting multiple receptors upregulated on tumors was generated by incorporating an Ad5/3 fiber with a carboxyl terminus RGD ligand. The virus displayed full cytopathic effect in all tumor lines assayed at low titers with improved cytotoxicity over Ad5-RGD D24, Ad5/3 D24 and an HSV oncolytic virus. The virus was then engineered to deliver immunotherapeutic agents such as GM-CSF while maintaining enhanced heterogenic oncolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Clement Dobbins
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GCD); (GYG)
| | - Hideyo Ugai
- Cancer Biology Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David T. Curiel
- Biologic Therapeutics Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - G. Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GCD); (GYG)
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40
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Jiang YQ, Zhang Z, Cai HR, Zhou H. Killing effect of TNF-mediated by conditionally replicating adenovirus on esophageal cancer and lung cancer cell lines. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:13785-13794. [PMID: 26823692 PMCID: PMC4713478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The killing effect of TNF mediated by conditionally replicating adenovirus SG502 on human cancer cell lines was assessed by in vivo and in vitro experiments. METHODS The recombinant adenovirus SG502-TNF was used to infect human lung cancer cell line A549 and human esophageal cancer cell line TE-1. The expression of the exogenous gene and its inhibitory effect on the tumor cell lines were thus detected. Tumor transplantation experiment was performed in mice with the purpose of assessing the inhibitory effect of the adenovirus on tumor cells and tumor formation. The targeting of the adenovirus and the mechanism of tumor inhibition were discussed by in vivo imaging technology, HE staining and TUNEL assay. RESULTS Recombinant adenovirus SG502-TNF targeted the tumor cells specifically with stable expression of TNF, which produced a killing effect on tumor cells by regulating the apoptotic signaling pathway. CONCLUSION Recombinant adenovirus SG502-TNF possessed significant killing effect on TE-1 cells either in vivo or in vitro. This finding demonstrated the potential clinical application of adenovirus SG502.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Quan Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chongqing Cancer Institute Chongqing, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chongqing Cancer Institute Chongqing, China
| | - Hua-Rong Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chongqing Cancer Institute Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chongqing Cancer Institute Chongqing, China
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41
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Zhang SX. Turning killer into cure -- the story of oncolytic herpes simplex viruses. Discov Med 2015; 20:303-309. [PMID: 26645902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Viruses have the intrinsic capability to kill host cells. Even when the initial infection consists of only a few viruses, they can reproduce themselves in large quantities within a short time and quickly spread to nearby cells, causing substantial tissue damage. These same infectious properties become desirable if they can be converted into killer agents with specificity for malignant cells. Cancer virotherapy is doing exactly that by modifying viruses in ways that allow them to replicate in malignant cells but not in normal cells. Although relatively young, the field has seen significant progress in recent years. For example, the most recent phase III trial data on a herpes simplex virus (HSV)-based oncolytic virus (T-VEC) show substantial improvement in objective and durable responses over the control arm in melanoma patients, prompting speculation that a virotherapy may receive FDA approval for clinical use in the very near future. This review focuses on HSV-based oncolytic viruses, from their early history to their most recent development, with discussion of promising directions for further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun Xiaoliu Zhang
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry and Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
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42
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Fujiyuki T, Yoneda M, Amagai Y, Obayashi K, Ikeda F, Shoji K, Murakami Y, Sato H, Kai C. A measles virus selectively blind to signaling lymphocytic activation molecule shows anti-tumor activity against lung cancer cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:24895-903. [PMID: 26317644 PMCID: PMC4694801 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer cells, particularly those of non-small-cell lung cancer, are known to express Nectin-4. We previously generated a recombinant measles virus that uses Nectin-4 as its receptor but cannot bind its original principal receptor, signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM). This virus (rMV-SLAMblind) infects and kills breast cancer cells in vitro and in a subcutaneous xenograft model. However, it has yet to be determined whether rMV-SLAMblind is effective against other cancer types and in other tumor models that more closely represent disease. In this study, we analyzed the anti-tumor activity of this virus towards lung cancer cells using a modified variant that encodes green fluorescent protein (rMV-EGFP-SLAMblind). We found that rMV-EGFP-SLAMblind efficiently infected nine, human, lung cancer cell lines, and its infection resulted in reduced cell viability of six cell lines. Administration of the virus into subcutaneous tumors of xenotransplanted mice suppressed tumor growth. In addition, rMV-EGFP-SLAMblind could target scattered tumor masses grown in the lungs of xenotransplanted mice. These results suggest that rMV-SLAMblind is oncolytic for lung cancer and that it represents a promising tool for the treatment of this disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/virology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/virology
- Measles virus/genetics
- Measles virus/metabolism
- Measles virus/physiology
- Mice, SCID
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Oncolytic Virotherapy/methods
- Oncolytic Viruses/genetics
- Oncolytic Viruses/metabolism
- Oncolytic Viruses/physiology
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family Member 1
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Fujiyuki
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Misako Yoneda
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yosuke Amagai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Kunie Obayashi
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Fusako Ikeda
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shoji
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Hiroki Sato
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Chieko Kai
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
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43
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Adelfinger M, Bessler S, Frentzen A, Cecil A, Langbein-Laugwitz J, Gentschev I, Szalay AA. Preclinical Testing Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Strain GLV-5b451 Expressing an Anti-VEGF Single-Chain Antibody for Canine Cancer Therapy. Viruses 2015. [PMID: 26205404 PMCID: PMC4517140 DOI: 10.3390/v7072811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Virotherapy on the basis of oncolytic vaccinia virus (VACV) strains is a novel approach for canine cancer therapy. Here we describe, for the first time, the characterization and the use of VACV strain GLV-5b451 expressing the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) single-chain antibody (scAb) GLAF-2 as therapeutic agent against different canine cancers. Cell culture data demonstrated that GLV-5b451 efficiently infected and destroyed all four tested canine cancer cell lines including: mammary carcinoma (MTH52c), mammary adenoma (ZMTH3), prostate carcinoma (CT1258), and soft tissue sarcoma (STSA-1). The GLV-5b451 virus-mediated production of GLAF-2 antibody was observed in all four cancer cell lines. In addition, this antibody specifically recognized canine VEGF. Finally, in canine soft tissue sarcoma (CSTS) xenografted mice, a single systemic administration of GLV-5b451 was found to be safe and led to anti-tumor effects resulting in the significant reduction and substantial long-term inhibition of tumor growth. A CD31-based immuno-staining showed significantly decreased neo-angiogenesis in GLV-5b451-treated tumors compared to the controls. In summary, these findings indicate that GLV-5b451 has potential for use as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of CSTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Adelfinger
- Department of Biochemistry, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Simon Bessler
- Department of Biochemistry, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Alexa Frentzen
- Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, San Diego, CA 92109, USA.
| | - Alexander Cecil
- Department of Biochemistry, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
- Department of Bioinformatics, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, Biocenter, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Johanna Langbein-Laugwitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Ivaylo Gentschev
- Department of Biochemistry, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
- Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, San Diego, CA 92109, USA.
| | - Aladar A Szalay
- Department of Biochemistry, Theodor-Boveri-Institute, University of Wuerzburg, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany.
- Genelux Corporation, San Diego Science Center, San Diego, CA 92109, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rebecca & John Moores Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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44
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Abstract
Selection of suitable tumor-associated antigens is a major challenge in the development of effective cancer vaccines. Intratumoral (i.t.) immunotherapy empowers the immune system to mount T cell responses against tumor-associated antigens which are most immunogenic. To mediate systemic tumor regression, i.t. immunotherapy must generate systemic T cell responses that can target distant metastases beyond the initially treated tumor mass. Now that promising preclinical results and some initial success in clinical trials have been obtained, we here review i.t. immunotherapy-related preclinical and clinical studies, their mechanisms of action and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Singh
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin St., Unit 0904, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Willem W. Overwijk
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 7455 Fannin St., Unit 0904, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX USA
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45
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Singh PK, Tiwari AK, Rajmani RS, Kumar GR, Chaturvedi U, Saxena L, Saxena S, Doley J, Sahoo AP, Santra L, Saxena M, Kumar S, Sharma B. Apoptin as a potential viral gene oncotherapeutic agent. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:196-212. [PMID: 25809990 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of viruses for treatment of cancer overcomes the bottlenecks of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Several viruses and their proteins have been evaluated for oncolytic effect. The VP3 protein (apoptin) of chicken anemia virus is one such protein with an inherent ability to lyse cancer and transformed cells while leaving normal cells unharmed. In the present study, the apoptosis inducing potential of VP3 protein of CAV was evaluated in human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). It was found that in VP3-induced apoptosis, caspase-dependent intrinsic pathway plays an important role with the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and there was no evidence of involvement of death receptor-mediated extrinsic pathway. The results of this study provide intuitive information and strengthen the candidacy of apoptin as a viral oncotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Kumar Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
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46
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Chakrabarty R, Tran H, Selvaggi G, Hagerman A, Thompson B, Coffey M. The oncolytic virus, pelareorep, as a novel anticancer agent: a review. Invest New Drugs 2015; 33:761-74. [PMID: 25693885 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-015-0216-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Pelareorep (REOLYSIN®) is an investigational new drug, a proprietary formulation consisting of a live, replication-competent, naturally occurring Reovirus Type 3 Dearing strain. Through several preclinical studies it was determined that reovirus can exhibit profound cytotoxic effects on cancer cells predominantly with an activated RAS-signalling pathway. Moreover, it was discovered that reoviruses can "hitchhike" on peripheral blood mononuclear cells and dendritic cells, thereby evading neutralizing antibodies of the host immune system. Cell carriage, targeted delivery, triggering host immune response and other inherent characteristics of the reovirus led to its further advancement into cancer therapy. When injected into Sprague-Dawley rats, the viral routes of clearance, predominantly through the spleen and liver, remained consistent with earlier studies. Toxicology findings were considered incidental and not associated with pelareorep when tested in animal models. Pelareorep demonstrated a high level of homogeneity at the amino acid level and genetic stability when compared to the master and working virus banks. The drug is manufactured in a 100 L bioreactor after which it is purified and formulated for use in pre-clinical, clinical and research studies. Over the past few decades, we have witnessed a paradigm shift from conventional therapy to the conceivable use of oncolytic viruses for the treatment of cancer. This review will detail pre-clinical evidence of anticancer activity of pelareorep that has led to extensive clinical development. Several Phase I-II clinical trials have been completed or are ongoing in cancer patients on a broad spectrum of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romit Chakrabarty
- Oncolytics Biotech Inc., 210, 1167 Kensington Cr. NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1X7, Canada
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47
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Kasloff SB, Pizzuto MS, Silic-Benussi M, Pavone S, Ciminale V, Capua I. Oncolytic activity of avian influenza virus in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines. J Virol 2014; 88:9321-34. [PMID: 24899201 PMCID: PMC4136238 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00929-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the most lethal form of human cancer, with dismal survival rates due to late-stage diagnoses and a lack of efficacious therapies. Building on the observation that avian influenza A viruses (IAVs) have a tropism for the pancreas in vivo, the present study was aimed at testing the efficacy of IAVs as oncolytic agents for killing human PDA cell lines. Receptor characterization confirmed that human PDA cell lines express the alpha-2,3- and the alpha-2,6-linked glycan receptor for avian and human IAVs, respectively. PDA cell lines were sensitive to infection by human and avian IAV isolates, which is consistent with this finding. Growth kinetic experiments showed preferential virus replication in PDA cells over that in a nontransformed pancreatic ductal cell line. Finally, at early time points posttreatment, infection with IAVs caused higher levels of apoptosis in PDA cells than gemcitabine and cisplatin, which are the cornerstone of current therapies for PDA. In the BxPC-3 PDA cell line, apoptosis resulted from the engagement of the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway. Importantly, IAVs did not induce apoptosis in nontransformed pancreatic ductal HPDE6 cells. Using a model based on the growth of a PDA cell line as a xenograft in SCID mice, we also show that a slightly pathogenic avian IAV significantly inhibited tumor growth following intratumoral injection. Taken together, these results are the first to suggest that IAVs may hold promise as future agents of oncolytic virotherapy against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. IMPORTANCE Despite intensive studies aimed at designing new therapeutic approaches, PDA still retains the most dismal prognosis among human cancers. In the present study, we provide the first evidence indicating that avian IAVs of low pathogenicity display a tropism for human PDA cells, resulting in viral RNA replication and a potent induction of apoptosis in vitro and antitumor effects in vivo. These results suggest that slightly pathogenic IAVs may prove to be effective for oncolytic virotherapy of PDA and provide grounds for further studies to develop specific and targeted viruses, with the aim of testing their efficacy in clinical contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha B Kasloff
- Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Matteo S Pizzuto
- Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy Imperial College of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Micol Silic-Benussi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Pavone
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Ciminale
- Department of Surgery, Oncology, and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ilaria Capua
- Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
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48
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Abstract
Tumour mutations corrupt cellular pathways, and accumulate to disrupt, dysregulate, and ultimately avoid mechanisms of cellular control. Yet the very changes that tumour cells undergo to secure their own growth success also render them susceptible to viral infection. Enhanced availability of surface receptors, disruption of antiviral sensing, elevated metabolic activity, disengagement of cell cycle controls, hyperactivation of mitogenic pathways, and apoptotic avoidance all render the malignant cell environment highly supportive to viral replication. The therapeutic use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) with a natural tropism for infecting and subsequently lysing tumour cells is a rapidly progressing area of cancer research. While many OVs exhibit an inherent degree of tropism for transformed cells, this can be further promoted through pharmacological interventions and/or the introduction of viral mutations that generate recombinant oncolytic viruses adapted to successfully replicate only in a malignant cellular environment. Such adaptations that augment OV tumour selectivity are already improving the therapeutic outlook for cancer, and there remains tremendous untapped potential for further innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina S. Ilkow
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - John C. Bell
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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49
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Nanni P, Gatta V, Menotti L, De Giovanni C, Ianzano M, Palladini A, Grosso V, Dall'Ora M, Croci S, Nicoletti G, Landuzzi L, Iezzi M, Campadelli-Fiume G, Lollini PL. Preclinical therapy of disseminated HER-2⁺ ovarian and breast carcinomas with a HER-2-retargeted oncolytic herpesvirus. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003155. [PMID: 23382683 PMCID: PMC3561254 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses aim to specifically kill tumor cells. A major challenge is the effective targeting of disseminated tumors in vivo. We retargeted herpes simplex virus (HSV) tropism to HER-2 oncoprotein p185, overexpressed in ovary and breast cancers. The HER-2-retargeted R-LM249 exclusively infects and kills tumor cells expressing high levels of human HER-2. Here, we assessed the efficacy of systemically i.p. delivered R-LM249 against disseminated tumors in mouse models that recapitulate tumor spread to the peritoneum in women. The human ovarian carcinoma SK-OV-3 cells implanted intraperitoneally (i.p.) in immunodeficient Rag2⁻/⁻;Il2rg⁻/⁻ mice gave rise to a progressive peritoneal carcinomatosis which mimics the fatal condition in advanced human patients. I.p. administration of R-LM249 strongly inhibited carcinomatosis, resulting in 60% of mice free from peritoneal diffusion, and 95% reduction in the total weight of neoplastic nodules. Intraperitoneal metastases are a common outcome in breast cancer: i.p. administration of R-LM249 strongly inhibited the growth of ovarian metastases of HER-2+ MDA-MB-453 breast cells. Brain metastases were also reduced. Cumulatively, upon i.p. administration the HER-2-redirected oncolytic HSV effectively reduced the growth of ovarian and breast carcinoma disseminated to the peritoneal cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Nanni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Menotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla De Giovanni
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marianna Ianzano
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Arianna Palladini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Grosso
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Dall'Ora
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Croci
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | | | - Manuela Iezzi
- CESI Aging Research Center, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Pier-Luigi Lollini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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50
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Gubanova NV, Gaĭtan AS, Razumov IA, Mordvinov VA, Krivoshapkin AL, Netesov SV, Chumakov PM. [Oncolytic viruses in the therapy of gliomas]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2012; 46:874-886. [PMID: 23350233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite the advances of modern medicine, malignant glioblastoma cure remains an elusive goal. Both the invasive nature and location in vital areas of the brain make this type of tumors difficult for surgical treatment, while the current adjuvant therapy is not as successful as expected. Frequent recurrence and invasiveness of malignant gliomas is due to resistance of glioma stem cells to conventional radiation and chemotherapy. Technological advances in constructing recombinant viruses have allowed creating strains with high oncolytic activity toward glial tumors. Many of these strains have passed Phase I of clinical trials and demonstrated high safety. Despite the obvious potential of the approach, efficiency of the existing strains is still far from being sufficient for effectively curing the disease and require further improvement. The review summarizes results obtained with the most successful variants of oncolytic viruses that come down to the clinical trials and discusses the prospects for new approaches in virotherapy of malignant gliomas.
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