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Nair AV, Singh A, Rajmani RS, Chakravortty D. Salmonella Typhimurium employs spermidine to exert protection against ROS-mediated cytotoxicity and rewires host polyamine metabolism to ameliorate its survival in macrophages. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103151. [PMID: 38593631 PMCID: PMC11015157 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Salmonella infection entails a cascade of attacks and defence measures. After breaching the intestinal epithelial barrier, Salmonella is phagocytosed by macrophages, where the bacteria encounter multiple stresses, to which it employs relevant countermeasures. Our study shows that, in Salmonella, the polyamine spermidine activates a stress response mechanism by regulating critical antioxidant genes. Salmonella Typhimurium mutants for spermidine transport and synthesis cannot mount an antioxidative response, resulting in high intracellular ROS levels. These mutants are also compromised in their ability to be phagocytosed by macrophages. Furthermore, it regulates a novel enzyme in Salmonella, Glutathionyl-spermidine synthetase (GspSA), which prevents the oxidation of proteins in E. coli. Moreover, the spermidine mutants and the GspSA mutant show significantly reduced survival in the presence of hydrogen peroxide in vitro and reduced organ burden in the mouse model of Salmonella infection. Conversely, in macrophages isolated from gp91phox-/- mice, we observed a rescue in the attenuated fold proliferation previously observed upon infection. We found that Salmonella upregulates polyamine biosynthesis in the host through its effectors from SPI-1 and SPI-2, which addresses the attenuated proliferation observed in spermidine transport mutants. Thus, inhibition of this pathway in the host abrogates the proliferation of Salmonella Typhimurium in macrophages. From a therapeutic perspective, inhibiting host polyamine biosynthesis using an FDA-approved chemopreventive drug, D, L-α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), reduces Salmonella colonisation and tissue damage in the mouse model of infection while enhancing the survival of infected mice. Therefore, our work provides a mechanistic insight into the critical role of spermidine in stress resistance of Salmonella. It also reveals a bacterial strategy in modulating host metabolism to promote their intracellular survival and shows the potential of DFMO to curb Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Vijay Nair
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anmol Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - R S Rajmani
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Dipshikha Chakravortty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India; Adjunct Faculty, School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
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Mukherjee T, Bhatt B, Prakhar P, Lohia GK, Rajmani RS, Balaji KN. Epigenetic reader BRD4 supports mycobacterial pathogenesis by co-modulating host lipophagy and angiogenesis. Autophagy 2021; 18:391-408. [PMID: 34074211 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1936355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-driven lipid accumulation is intricately associated with the progression of tuberculosis (TB) disease. Although several studies elucidating the mechanisms for lipid droplet (LD) biosynthesis exist, we provide evidence for the significance of their regulated turnover via macroautophagy/autophagy during Mtb infection. We demonstrate that Mtb utilizes EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) signaling to induce the expression of the histone acetylation reader, BRD4 (bromodomain containing 4). The EGFR-BRD4 axis suppresses lipid-specific autophagy, and hence favors cellular lipid accumulation. Specifically, we found that pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of Egfr or Brd4 enhances autophagic flux and concomitantly decreases cellular LDs that is otherwise maintained at a significant level in chloroquine-treated or Atg5 knocked down autophagy-compromised host cells. In line with the enhanced lipophagy, we found that loss of EGFR or BRD4 function restricts mycobacterial burden that is rescued by external replenishment with oleic acid. We also report that the EGFR-BRD4 axis exerts additional effects by modulating pro-angiogenic gene expression and consequently aberrant angiogenesis during mycobacterial infection. This is important in the context of systemic Mtb dissemination as well as for the efficient delivery of anti-mycobacterial therapeutics to the Mtb-rich core of TB granuloma. Finally, utilizing an in vivo mouse model of TB, we show that pharmacological inhibition of EGFR and BRD4 compromises LD buildup via enhanced lipophagy and normalizes angiogenesis, thereby restricting Mtb burden and rescuing mice from severe TB-like pathology. These findings shed light on the novel roles of BRD4 during Mtb infection, and its possible implication in potentiating anti-TB responses.Abbreviations: ATG5: autophagy related 5; BRDs: bromodomain containing; COL18A1: collagen type XVIII alpha 1 chain; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; EP300: E1A binding protein p300; KDR: kinase insert domain receptor; KLF5: Kruppel like factor 5; LDs: lipid droplets; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; Mtb: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; PECAM1: platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TB: tuberculosis; THBS1: thrombospondin 1; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bharat Bhatt
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Praveen Prakhar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Lohia
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - R S Rajmani
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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Fernandes SE, Alakesh A, Rajmani RS, Jhunjhunwala S, Saini DK. Aging associated altered response to intracellular bacterial infections and its implication on the host. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2021; 1868:119063. [PMID: 34022281 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The effects of senescence on geriatric disorders are well explored, but how it influences infections in the elderly is poorly addressed. Here, we show that several anti-microbial responses are elevated in senescent epithelial cells and old mice, which results in decreased bacterial survival in the host after infection. We identify higher levels of iNOS as a crucial host response and show that p38 MAPK in senescent epithelial cells acts as a negative regulator of iNOS transcription. However, in older mice, the ability to impede bacterial infection does not result in enhanced survival, possibly because elevated pro-inflammatory responses are not countered by a robust host protective anti-inflammatory response. Overall, while addressing an alternate advantage of senescent cells, our study demonstrates that infection-associated morbidity in the elderly may not be the sole outcome of pathogen loads but may also be influenced by the host's ability to resolve inflammation-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl Erica Fernandes
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Alakesh Alakesh
- Center For BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - R S Rajmani
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Siddharth Jhunjhunwala
- Center For BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar Saini
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; Center For BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India; Center for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India.
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Saravanan P, Dusthackeer VNA, Rajmani RS, Mahizhaveni B, Nirmal CR, Rajadas SE, Bhardwaj N, Ponnuraja C, Bhaskar A, Hemanthkumar AK, Ramachandran G, Tripathy SP. Discovery of a highly potent novel rifampicin analog by preparing a hybrid of the precursors of the antibiotic drugs rifampicin and clofazimine. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1029. [PMID: 33441878 PMCID: PMC7806721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). The present work reports the design and synthesis of a hybrid of the precursors of rifampicin and clofazimine, which led to the discovery of a novel Rifaphenazine (RPZ) molecule with potent anti-TB activity. In addition, the efficacy of RPZ was evaluated in-vitro using the reference strain Mtb H37Rv. Herein, 2,3 diamino phenazine, a precursor of an anti-TB drug clofazimine, was tethered to the rifampicin core. This 2,3 diamino phenazine did not have an inherent anti-TB activity even at a concentration of up to 2 µg/mL, while rifampicin did not exhibit any activity against Mtb at a concentration of 0.1 µg/mL. However, the synthesized novel Rifaphenzine (RPZ) inhibited 78% of the Mtb colonies at a drug concentration of 0.1 µg/mL, while 93% of the bacterial colonies were killed at 0.5 µg/mL of the drug. Furthermore, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value for RPZ was 1 µg/mL. Time-kill studies revealed that all bacterial colonies were killed within a period of 24 h. The synthesized novel molecule was characterized using high-resolution mass spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity studies (IC50) were performed on human monocytic cell line THP-1, and the determined IC50 value was 96 µg/mL, which is non-cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R S Rajmani
- Centre for Infectious Disease and Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - B Mahizhaveni
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Christy R Nirmal
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | | | - Neerupma Bhardwaj
- Centre for Infectious Disease and Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - C Ponnuraja
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Adhin Bhaskar
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - A K Hemanthkumar
- ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
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Mahadik K, Prakhar P, Rajmani RS, Singh A, Balaji KN. c-Abl-TWIST1 Epigenetically Dysregulate Inflammatory Responses during Mycobacterial Infection by Co-Regulating Bone Morphogenesis Protein and miR27a. Front Immunol 2018; 9:85. [PMID: 29449840 PMCID: PMC5799226 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacteria propelled modulation of host responses is of considerable interest in the face of emerging drug resistance. Although it is known that Abl tyrosine kinases affect entry and persistence of mycobacteria, mechanisms that couple c-Abl to proximal signaling pathways during immunity are poorly understood. Loss-of-function of c-Abl through Imatinib, in a mouse model of tuberculosis or RNA interference, identified bone morphogenesis protein (BMP) signaling as its cellular target. We demonstrate that c-Abl promotes mycobacterial survival through epigenetic modification brought about by KAT5-TWIST1 at Bmp loci. c-Abl-BMP signaling deregulated iNOS, aggravating the inflammatory balance. Interestingly, BMP signaling was observed to have far-reaching effects on host immunity, as it attenuated TLR3 pathway by engaging miR27a. Significantly, these events were largely mediated via WhiB3 and DosR/S/T but not SecA signaling pathway of mycobacteria. Our findings suggest molecular mechanisms of host pathways hijacked by mycobacteria and expand our understanding of c-Abl inhibitors in potentiating innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Mahadik
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Praveen Prakhar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - R S Rajmani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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Rajmani RS, Singh P, Singh LV. Apoptotic and Immunosuppressive Effects of Turmeric Paste on 7, 12 Di Methyl Benz (a) Anthracene Induced Skin Tumor Model of Wistar Rat. Nutr Cancer 2017; 69:1245-1255. [PMID: 29016221 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2017.1367933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Dietary components with potent anticancerous property are gaining attention as therapeutic agents due to low cost of therapy and minimal toxic effects. Turmeric is one such miracle spices of Indian and South Asian recipes with multiple medicinal properties. The anticarcinogenic properties of its active compound curcumin have been studied in detail. However, studies on the medicinal properties of crude turmeric used as dietary agents are lacking. Therefore, in this study we investigated the effects of dietary and topical crude turmeric paste on DMBA induced skin tumor of male Wistar rats. We observed the apoptotic effect of crude turmeric paste on DMBA induced tumor with depletion of T cells response. Our results demonstrated the significant expression of major pro-apoptotic genes like caspase-2, 3, 8, 9, PARP, and p53 and down regulation of major pro-inflammatory (NF-κB) and pro-angiogenic factors and (VEGF) in turmeric treated tumor tissues. We also observed significant decrease in CD4+, CD8+, and Natural Killer cell population as compared to the untreated group.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Rajmani
- a Centre for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR) , Indian Institute of Science , Bengaluru , India.,b Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Prafull Singh
- b Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Lakshya Veer Singh
- b Indian Veterinary Research Institute , Izatnagar , Uttar Pradesh , India
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Singh V, Prakhar P, Rajmani RS, Mahadik K, Borbora SM, Balaji KN. Histone Methyltransferase SET8 Epigenetically Reprograms Host Immune Responses to Assist Mycobacterial Survival. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:477-488. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Holla S, Prakhar P, Singh V, Karnam A, Mukherjee T, Mahadik K, Parikh P, Singh A, Rajmani RS, Ramachandra SG, Balaji KN. MUSASHI-Mediated Expression of JMJD3, a H3K27me3 Demethylase, Is Involved in Foamy Macrophage Generation during Mycobacterial Infection. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005814. [PMID: 27532872 PMCID: PMC4988650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Foamy macrophages (FM)s harbor lipid bodies that not only assist mycobacterial persistence within the granulomas but also are sites for intracellular signaling and inflammatory mediators which are essential for mycobacterial pathogenesis. However, molecular mechanisms that regulate intracellular lipid accumulation in FMs during mycobacterial infection are not clear. Here, we report for the first time that jumonji domain containing protein (JMJD)3, a demethylase of the repressive H3K27me3 mark, orchestrates the expression of M. tuberculosis H37Rv-, MDR-JAL2287-, H37Ra- and M. bovis BCG-induced genes essential for FM generation in a TLR2-dependent manner. Further, NOTCH1-responsive RNA-binding protein MUSASHI (MSI), targets a transcriptional repressor of JMJD3, Msx2-interacting nuclear target protein, to positively regulate infection-induced JMJD3 expression, FM generation and M2 phenotype. Investigations in in vivo murine models further substantiated these observations. Together, our study has attributed novel roles for JMJD3 and its regulators during mycobacterial infection that assist FM generation and fine-tune associated host immunity. Foamy macrophages (FMs) not only provide a suitable survival niche for the mycobacteria in the granuloma but also are reservoirs for several inflammatory mediators that regulate mycobacterial pathogenesis. Hence, understanding the mechanisms that regulate infection-induced FM generation assumes importance. In this investigation, we present empirical evidence to support the role of host epigenetic mechanisms in generating FMs and thus facilitating mycobacterial persistence in vivo. We show that the signaling pathways that mediate mycobacteria-induced expression of JMJD3, a demethylase of the facultative repression mark, regulate the genes assisting in FM generation. Importantly, the identified pathway could largely contribute to the evasive responses during mycobacterial infection and suppression of such pathways during infection could confer stronger immunity. Together, these regulators could be potential candidates for host-directed therapies against mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahana Holla
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Prakhar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vikas Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Anupama Karnam
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Tanushree Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Kasturi Mahadik
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Pankti Parikh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - R. S. Rajmani
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Rajmani RS, Gupta SK, Singh PK, Gandham RK, Sahoo AP, Chaturvedi U, Tiwari AK. HN protein of Newcastle disease virus sensitizes HeLa cells to TNF-α-induced apoptosis by downregulating NF-κB expression. Arch Virol 2016; 161:2395-405. [PMID: 27294845 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hemagglutinin neuraminidase (HN) is a membrane protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) with the ability to induce apoptosis in many transformed cell lines. TNF-α is a multi-factorial protein that regulates cell survival, differentiation and apoptosis. In a previous study, we reported that HN protein induces apoptosis by downregulating NF-κB expression. Further, we speculated that downregulation of NF-κB expression might sensitize HeLa cells to TNF-α-mediated apoptosis. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate if HN protein could sensitize HeLa cells to TNF-α and to examine the apoptotic potential of the HN protein and TNF-α in combination. The results revealed that the pro-apoptotic effects were more pronounced with the combination of HN and TNF-α than with HN or TNF-α alone, which indicates that the HN protein indeed sensitized the HeLa cells to TNF-α-induced cell death. The results of the study provide a mechanistic insight into the apoptotic action of HN protein along with TNF-α, which could be valuable in treating tumor types that are naturally resistant to TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Rajmani
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India.,Centre for Infectious Disease Research, IISc, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Shishir Kumar Gupta
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Prafull Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - A P Sahoo
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Uttara Chaturvedi
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
| | - Ashok K Tiwari
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India.
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Rajmani RS, Gandham RK, Gupta SK, Sahoo AP, Singh PK, Kumar R, Saxena S, Chaturvedi U, Tiwari AK. HN Protein of Newcastle Disease Virus Induces Apoptosis Through SAPK/JNK Pathway. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 177:940-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1788-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Rajmani RS, Gandham RK, Gupta SK, Sahoo AP, Singh PK, Saxena S, Kumar R, Chaturvedi U, Tiwari AK. Administration of IκB-kinase inhibitor PS1145 enhances apoptosis in DMBA-induced tumor in male Wistar rats. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:1317-28. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. S. Rajmani
- Molecular Biology Laboratory; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ravi Kumar Gandham
- Molecular Biology Laboratory; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Shishir Kumar Gupta
- Molecular Biology Laboratory; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Aditya P. Sahoo
- Molecular Biology Laboratory; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Prafull Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biology Laboratory; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Shikha Saxena
- Molecular Biology Laboratory; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Molecular Biology Laboratory; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Uttara Chaturvedi
- Molecular Biology Laboratory; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Ashok K. Tiwari
- Molecular Biology Laboratory; Indian Veterinary Research Institute; Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh India
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Sharma S, Rajmani RS, Kumar A, Bhaskar A, Singh A, Manivel V, Tyagi AK, Rao KVS. Differential proteomics approach to identify putative protective antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis presented during early stages of macrophage infection and their evaluation as DNA vaccines. Indian J Exp Biol 2015; 53:429-439. [PMID: 26245027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Unsatisfactory performance of the existing BCG vaccines, especially against the adult pulmonary disease, has urged the need for an effective vaccine against tuberculosis (TB). In this study, we employed differential proteomics to obtain a list of antigens as potential vaccine candidates. Bacterial epitopes being presented at early stages on MHC class I and class II molecules of macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) were identified using iTRAQ labelling and reverse phase LC-MS/MS. The putative vaccine candidates, thus identified, were tested as plasmid DNA vaccines in mice to ascertain their protective efficacy against the aerosolized M. tb challenge, based on their ability to reduce the bacterial load in the lungs of infected mice. Here, we observed that 4 out of the 17 selected antigens imparted significant protection against the challenge of M. tb. The four shortlisted antigens were further assessed in a more stringent guinea pig model, where too, they demonstrated.significant protection. It concludes that combining a proteomics approach with the in vivo assessment of vaccine candidates in animal models can be valuable in identifying new potential candidates to expand the antigenic repertoire for novel vaccines against TB.
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Singh PK, Tiwari AK, Rajmani RS, Kumar GR, Chaturvedi U, Saxena L, Saxena S, Doley J, Sahoo AP, Santra L, Saxena M, Kumar S, Sharma B. Apoptin as a potential viral gene oncotherapeutic agent. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 176:196-212. [PMID: 25809990 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of viruses for treatment of cancer overcomes the bottlenecks of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Several viruses and their proteins have been evaluated for oncolytic effect. The VP3 protein (apoptin) of chicken anemia virus is one such protein with an inherent ability to lyse cancer and transformed cells while leaving normal cells unharmed. In the present study, the apoptosis inducing potential of VP3 protein of CAV was evaluated in human cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). It was found that in VP3-induced apoptosis, caspase-dependent intrinsic pathway plays an important role with the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and there was no evidence of involvement of death receptor-mediated extrinsic pathway. The results of this study provide intuitive information and strengthen the candidacy of apoptin as a viral oncotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prafull Kumar Singh
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, 243122, India
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Rajmani RS, Singh PK, Ravi Kumar G, Saxena S, Singh LV, Kumar R, Sahoo AP, Gupta SK, Chaturvedi U, Tiwari AK. In-vitroCharacterization and Evaluation of Apoptotic Potential of Bicistronic Plasmid Encoding HN Gene of Newcastle Disease Virus and Human TNF-α. Anim Biotechnol 2014; 26:112-9. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2014.933741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Rajmani RS, Singh PK, Kumar S, Kumar GR, Sahoo AP, Santra L, Saxena S, Singh LV, Chaturvedi U, Saxena L, Desai GS, Gupta SK, Kumar A, Jadon NS, Tiwari AK. Development of dog mammary tumor xenograft in immunosuppressed Swiss albino mice. Indian J Exp Biol 2014; 52:935-942. [PMID: 25345242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Development and study of dog mammary tumour xenograft in immunosuppressed Swiss Albino Mice adds a new dimension in cancer research as dog tumors have many similarities with human tumors regarding progression, histopathology, molecular mechanism, immune response and therapy. Failure of the immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells leads to cancer progression and the fight between immune cells and cancer cells has a great role in understanding the mechanism of cancer progression and elimination. Rejection and acceptance of tumour xenograft depends on efficiency of CD4+, CD8+ and NK cell populations. In the present investigation, dog mammary tumor xenograft in cyclosporine-A and gamma-irradiated, immunosuppressed Swiss Albino mice was developed and the immune cell status of graft accepted and rejected mice was assessed. It was observed that all the major immune cells (CD4+, CD8+ and NK cells) play an equal role in tumour rejection.
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Doley J, Singh LV, Kumar GR, Sahoo AP, Saxena L, Chaturvedi U, Saxena S, Kumar R, Singh PK, Rajmani RS, Santra L, Palia SK, Tiwari S, Harish DR, Kumar A, Desai GS, Gupta S, Gupta SK, Tiwari AK. Canine parvovirus type 2a (CPV-2a)-induced apoptosis in MDCK involves both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:497-508. [PMID: 24092455 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) causes an acute disease in dogs. It has been found to induce cell cycle arrest and DNA damage leading to cellular lysis. In this paper, we evaluated the apoptotic potential of the "new CPV-2a" in MDCK cells and elucidated the mechanism of the induction of apoptosis. The exposure of MDCK cells to the virus was found to trigger apoptotic response. Apoptosis was confirmed by phosphatidylserine translocation, DNA fragmentation assays, and cell cycle analysis. Activation of caspases-3, -8, -9, and -12 and decrease in mitochondrial potential in CPV-2a-infected MDCK cells suggested that the CPV-2a-induced apoptosis is caspase dependent involving extrinsic, intrinsic, and endoplasmic reticulum pathways. Increase in p53 and Bax/Bcl2 ratio was also observed in CPV-2a-infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juwar Doley
- Molecular Biology Lab, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
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Kumar R, Tiwari AK, Chaturvedi U, Kumar GR, Sahoo AP, Rajmani RS, Saxena L, Saxena S, Tiwari S, Kumar S. Velogenic newcastle disease virus as an oncolytic virotherapeutics: in vitro characterization. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:2005-22. [PMID: 22644640 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9700-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the killer diseases in humans and needs alternate curative measures despite recent improvement in modern treatment modalities. Oncolytic virotherapy seems to be a promising nonconventional way to treat cancers. Newcastle disease virus (NDV), a poultry virus, is nonpathogenic to human and domestic animals and has a long history of being used in oncotherapy research in several preclinical studies. The ability of NDV to successfully infect and destroy cancer cells is dependent on the strain and the pathotype of the virus. Adaptation of viruses to heterologous hosts without losing its replicative and oncolytic potential is prerequisite for use as cancer virotherapeutics. In the present study, velogenic NDV was adapted for replication in HeLa cells, and its cytotoxic potential was evaluated by observing morphological, biochemical, and nuclear landmarks of apoptosis. Our results indicated that the NDV-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells was dependent on upregulation of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and caspases activation. Different determinants of apoptosis evaluated in the present study indicated that this strain could be a promising candidate for cancer therapy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Kumar
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243122, UP, India
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Saxena L, Chaturvedi U, Saxena S, Kumar GR, Sahoo AP, Kumar S, Doley J, Rajmani RS, Singh PK, Kumar R, Tiwari AK. Characterization and in vitro expression of non-structural 1 protein of canine parvovirus (CPV-2) in mammalian cell line. Indian J Exp Biol 2011; 49:654-659. [PMID: 21941937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Parvoviruses are small, 260-A-diameter, icosahedral, non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA viruses with a genome of approximately 5 kb. Non structural protein, (NS-1) is especially relevant, being both essential for virus replication and the main factor responsible for virus pathogenicity and cytotoxicity. This protein has also been reported to possess the property of killing of transformed cells. The present study was carried out to clone, characterize and express the NS-1 gene of canine parvovirus. NS-1 complete CDS 2020bp was amplified, cloned into eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA 3.1(+), sequenced and characterized by in vitro expression analysis. Functional activity of recombinant construct, pcDNA.cpv.NS-1, was evaluated by RT-PCR and flow cytometry for the expression of NS-1 specific mRNA and NS-1 protein, respectively, in transfected HeLa cells. This recombinant plasmid may serve as an important tool to evaluate the apoptotic potential of NS-1 protein of canine parvovirus in cultured HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovleen Saxena
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India
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