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Von Behren J, Hurley S, Goldberg D, Clague DeHart J, Wang S, Reynolds P. Chronotype and risk of post-menopausal endometrial cancer in the California Teachers Study. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1151-1161. [PMID: 33902365 PMCID: PMC9172273 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1912073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Working at night causes circadian disruption and it has been classified as a probable carcinogen. An evening chronotype, or preference for late day activity, has been shown to increase risk for several adverse health effects, such as metabolic disorders and recently, breast cancer. To further explore this emerging area of interest, we examined the association between endometrial cancer (EC) risk, another common cancer in women, and chronotype. The women in this study were members of the California Teachers Study cohort, which was established in 1995. Chronotype was reported on a subsequent questionnaire (Q5), administered in 2012-2013. The women included in this analysis were under age 90 years, were post-menopausal at Q5, and had no hysterectomy. The cancer cases, identified through linkages to the California Cancer Registry, were diagnosed between 1996 and 2014. We used unconditional logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the associations between chronotype and EC diagnosis. There were 437 EC cases and 26,753 cancer-free controls included in this analysis. Controls were more likely to classify themselves as current morning chronotypes than were cases (39% and 34%, respectively). Compared to morning types, women who were definite evening types had a statistically significantly elevated OR of 1.44 (95% CI 1.09-1.91). This association was more pronounced among obese women as compared to non-obese women. For evening type compared to morning type, the OR among obese women was 2.01 (95% CI 1.23, 3.29) while the OR for non-obese women was 1.12 (95% CI 0.77, 1.63). To our knowledge, the association between EC risk and evening chronotype has not been previously reported, but is consistent with the small body of literature which suggests increased breast cancer risks among evening chronotypes. Because this study was based on a retrospective analysis in a cohort of mostly white female teachers in California, further analysis of chronotype as a potential EC risk factor should be considered in other cohorts and in prospective analyses in order to further explore this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Von Behren
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - S Hurley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - D Goldberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Clague DeHart
- School of Community and Global Health, Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - S Wang
- Division of Health Analytics, Department of Computational and Quantitative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - P Reynolds
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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2
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Evgin L, Huff AL, Wongthida P, Thompson J, Kottke T, Tonne J, Schuelke M, Ayasoufi K, Driscoll CB, Shim KG, Reynolds P, Monie DD, Johnson AJ, Coffey M, Young SL, Archer G, Sampson J, Pulido J, Perez LS, Vile R. Oncolytic virus-derived type I interferon restricts CAR T cell therapy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3187. [PMID: 32581235 PMCID: PMC7314766 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of adoptive T cell therapies, including those using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells, to solid tumors requires combinatorial strategies to overcome immune suppression associated with the tumor microenvironment. Here we test whether the inflammatory nature of oncolytic viruses and their ability to remodel the tumor microenvironment may help to recruit and potentiate the functionality of CAR T cells. Contrary to our hypothesis, VSVmIFNβ infection is associated with attrition of murine EGFRvIII CAR T cells in a B16EGFRvIII model, despite inducing a robust proinflammatory shift in the chemokine profile. Mechanistically, type I interferon (IFN) expressed following infection promotes apoptosis, activation, and inhibitory receptor expression, and interferon-insensitive CAR T cells enable combinatorial therapy with VSVmIFNβ. Our study uncovers an unexpected mechanism of therapeutic interference, and prompts further investigation into the interaction between CAR T cells and oncolytic viruses to optimize combination therapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Female
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- Interferon-beta/genetics
- Interferon-beta/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Oncolytic Virotherapy
- Oncolytic Viruses/genetics
- Oncolytic Viruses/metabolism
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Evgin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amanda L Huff
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Jill Thompson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tim Kottke
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jason Tonne
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kevin G Shim
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Pierce Reynolds
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Dileep D Monie
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Matt Coffey
- Oncolytics Biotech Incorporated, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sarah L Young
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gary Archer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John Sampson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jose Pulido
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Richard Vile
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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3
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Marzi A, Reynolds P, Mercado-Hernandez R, Callison J, Feldmann F, Rosenke R, Thomas T, Scott DP, Hanley PW, Haddock E, Feldmann H. Single low-dose VSV-EBOV vaccination protects cynomolgus macaques from lethal Ebola challenge. EBioMedicine 2019; 49:223-231. [PMID: 31631035 PMCID: PMC6945200 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ebola virus (EBOV), variant Makona, was the causative agent of the 2013–2016 West African epidemic responsible for almost 30,000 human infections and over 11,000 fatalities. During the epidemic, the development of several experimental vaccines was accelerated through human clinical trials. One of them, the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based vaccine VSV-EBOV, showed promising efficacy in a phase 3 clinical trial in Guinea and is currently used in the ongoing EBOV outbreak in the northeastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This vaccine expresses the EBOV-Kikwit glycoprotein from the 1995 outbreak as the immunogen. Methods Here we generated a VSV-based vaccine expressing the contemporary EBOV-Makona glycoprotein. We characterized the vaccine in tissue culture and analyzed vaccine efficacy in the cynomolgus macaque model. Subsequently, we determined the dose-dependent protective efficacy in nonhuman primates against lethal EBOV challenge. Findings We observed complete protection from disease with VSV-EBOV doses ranging from 1 × 107 to 1 × 101 plaque-forming units. Some protected animals receiving lower vaccine doses developed temporary low-level EBOV viremia. Control animals developed classical EBOV disease and reached euthanasia criteria within a week after challenge. This study demonstrates that very low doses of VSV-EBOV uniformly protect macaques against lethal EBOV challenge. Interpretation Our study provides missing pre-clinical data supporting the use of reduced VSV-EBOV vaccine doses without decreasing protective efficacy and at the same time increase vaccine safety and availability - two critical concerns in public health response. Funding Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
| | - Pierce Reynolds
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Reinaldo Mercado-Hernandez
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Julie Callison
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Friederike Feldmann
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Rebecca Rosenke
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Tina Thomas
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Dana P Scott
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Patrick W Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Elaine Haddock
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Heinz Feldmann
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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Kopp T, Biddle ED, Cammarata H, Reynolds P. VA RURAL HEALTH COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP TO PROMOTE FITNESS AND WELLNESS TO RURAL VETERANS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T Kopp
- Veterans Health Administration, Rochester, New York, United States
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5
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Abstract
The filoviruses, Ebola virus (EBOV), and Marburg virus (MARV), are among the most pathogenic viruses known to man and the causative agents of viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Africa with case fatality rates of up to 90%. Nearly 30,000 infections were observed in the latest EBOV epidemic in West Africa; previous outbreaks were much smaller, typically only affecting less than a few hundred people. Compared to other diseases such as AIDS or Malaria with millions of cases annually, filovirus hemorrhagic fever (FHF) is one of the neglected infectious diseases. There are no licensed vaccines or therapeutics available to treat EBOV and MARV infections; therefore, these pathogens can only be handled in maximum containment laboratories and are classified as select agents. Under these limitations, a very few laboratories worldwide conducted basic research and countermeasure development for EBOV and MARV since their respective discoveries in 1967 (MARV) and 1976 (EBOV). In this review, we discuss several vaccine platforms against EBOV and MARV, which have been assessed for their protective efficacy in animal models of FHF. The focus is on the most promising approaches, which were accelerated in clinical development (phase I-III trials) during the EBOV epidemic in West Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierce Reynolds
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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6
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Powell M, Von Behren J, Neuhausen S, Reynolds P, Benz C. Abstract P5-09-09: Functional IGF1R variant predicts preeclampsia protection from invasive breast cancer: Novel California teachers study findings. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p5-09-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Many studies have reported lower breast cancer risk in women who develop hypertension in pregnancy with a meta-analysis reporting hazard ratios of 0.86 for preeclampsia and 0.83 for gestational hypertension. Our prior work in the Marin Women's Study (MWS) demonstrated both a lower breast density and a lower risk of breast cancer in women with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) if they possess the TT genotype of IGF1R SNP rs2016347.
Breast cancer in MWS women with PIH by IGF1R genotypers2016347 genotype# with genotype# breast cancer cases% breast cancer casesGG9188.79%GT195147.18%TT8800.00%Fisher's exact = 0.008
The current study was designed to validate and expand upon these findings in the larger California Teachers Study (CTS) which consists of >130,000 female educators. From original participants a case-control study was established in 2012 consisting of all non-Hispanic white women with DNA samples that became cases since entry into the study (N = 2030) and controls without invasive or in situ breast cancer (N = 1552). The current study nests within this case control study. All participants with a self-reported history of preeclampsia were selected (81 cases/56 controls). IGF1R SNP rs2016347 was assessed by Taqman assay.
Results: Women with the TT genotype had an odds ratio (OR) of 0.38 when compared to the GG genotype after adjusting for potential confounders. Stratification by HR+/HR- cases and by age of first birth (AFB) resulted in statistically significant adjusted OR's of 0.26 for HR+ positive cases and 0.15 for women with AFB <30. Both showed significant trend effect for number of T alleles as shown below:
Preeclampsia and breast cancer in CTSrs2016347 genotypeAll cases (N=137)HR+ cases (N=118)AFB <30 (N=106)TT vs GG0.38 (0.13, 1.14)0.26 (0.07, 0.89)*0.15 (0.04, 0.56)*GT vs GG0.53 (0.19, 1.46)0.57 (0.19, 1.74)0.34 (0.12, 1.12)Trend analysisp = 0.09p = 0.03*p = 0.005** p < .05
Overall in the CTS, the adjusted hazard ratio for women with vs without preeclampsia was 0.94 (0.81, 1.08).
Conclusions: These results suggest significant breast cancer protection in women with preeclampsia that possess the TT genotype, specifically in those women with AFB <30, and for the development of HR+ breast cancer. The overall OR for all women with the TT genotype was low at 0.38 but did not reach statistical significance. This analysis in a second cohort again demonstrates a lower risk of breast cancer in women with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy possessing the same IGF1R variant.
Recent studies have associated the rs2016347 T allele with lower normal tissue expression of IGF1R mRNA, better survival in HR+ breast cancer, and improved pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The protective T allele creates a new microRNA (miR-432) binding site within the IGF1R 3'UTR, offering a potential functional explanation for reduced mammary gland expression of this cancer-associated growth factor. This may interact with alterations of growth and metabolic factors characteristic of preeclampsia to imprint the immature gland with a lasting protective effect from later life breast tumorigenesis. If mechanistically substantiated, these findings could lead to a novel breast cancer prevention strategy.
Citation Format: Powell M, Von Behren J, Neuhausen S, Reynolds P, Benz C. Functional IGF1R variant predicts preeclampsia protection from invasive breast cancer: Novel California teachers study findings [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-09-09.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Powell
- Zero Breast Cancer, San Rafael, CA; Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - J Von Behren
- Zero Breast Cancer, San Rafael, CA; Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - S Neuhausen
- Zero Breast Cancer, San Rafael, CA; Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - P Reynolds
- Zero Breast Cancer, San Rafael, CA; Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - C Benz
- Zero Breast Cancer, San Rafael, CA; Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA; Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA
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7
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Reynolds P, Blake SM. The use of unicondylar cement spacers as a bone preserving measure in two-stage revision knee arthroplasty. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2016; 98:590-591. [PMID: 27269236 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2016.0194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P Reynolds
- Torbay and South Devon NHS Foundation Trust , UK
| | - S M Blake
- Torbay and South Devon NHS Foundation Trust , UK
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9
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Lewis J, Jimenez F, Chavarria M, Gassman J, Jergensen T, Schrader T, Millner D, Bodine J, Arroyo J, Reynolds P. Expression Profile of Claudin Family Members in the Developing Lung. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.lb747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Lewis
- Physiology and Developmental BiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUTUnited States
| | - F Jimenez
- Physiology and Developmental BiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUTUnited States
| | - M Chavarria
- Physiology and Developmental BiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUTUnited States
| | - J Gassman
- Physiology and Developmental BiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUTUnited States
| | - T Jergensen
- Physiology and Developmental BiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUTUnited States
| | - T Schrader
- Physiology and Developmental BiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUTUnited States
| | - D Millner
- Physiology and Developmental BiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUTUnited States
| | - J Bodine
- Physiology and Developmental BiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUTUnited States
| | - J Arroyo
- Physiology and Developmental BiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUTUnited States
| | - P Reynolds
- Physiology and Developmental BiologyBrigham Young UniversityProvoUTUnited States
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10
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Guo W, Nelson D, Hurley S, Reynolds P, Guo T, Wang M, Park JS, Petreas M. Pilot study to assess effects of collection tube types and processing delay on measurements of persistent organic pollutants and lipids in human serum. Chemosphere 2014; 116:75-82. [PMID: 24792582 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Glass red top tubes (RTs), traditionally used to draw blood for biomonitoring studies, have some limitations during field sampling (e.g., tube breakage, timely processing may be difficult). This pilot study examined whether serum separation tubes (SSTs) with delayed processing time (48 h) can be used instead of red top tubes (RTs) to accommodate field conditions. Using state-of-the-art methodologies, PBDEs, PCBs, OCPs, PFCs, cholesterol and triglycerides were measured to evaluate any differences among 2 test conditions (RTs with 2h processing time; SSTs with 48 h processing time). Between the 2 test conditions, we observed high rank correlations among the measured compounds and no statistically significant differences in the levels of measured compounds. We conclude that SSTs with delayed processing time (48 h) produce similar results as RTs with short processing time (2h), suggesting that SSTs could be good substitutes for RTs for new epidemiological and biomonitoring field studies. The use of SSTs offers a tremendous opportunity for the use of samples archived in various SSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Guo
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave., Berkeley, CA 94710, USA.
| | - D Nelson
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - S Hurley
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - P Reynolds
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - T Guo
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave., Berkeley, CA 94710, USA; Sequoia Foundation, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - M Wang
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave., Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - J-S Park
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave., Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - M Petreas
- California Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Ave., Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
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11
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Smith M, Kang M, Reynolds P, Lock R, Carol H, Gorlick R, Kolb A, Maris J, Keir S, Wu J, Kurmasheva R, Houghton P. 410 Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP) Evaluation of the p53-MDM2 Antagonist MK-8242. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Houghton P, Lock R, Carol H, Gorlick R, Kolb A, Maris J, Keir S, Wu J, Kang M, Reynolds P, Kurmasheva R, Smith M. 412 The Pediatric Preclinical Testing Program (PPTP): Analysis of the first 10 years in vivo testing. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70538-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Deziel NC, Rull RP, Colt JS, Reynolds P, Whitehead TP, Gunier RB, Month SR, Taggart DR, Buffler P, Ward MH, Metayer C. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in residential dust and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Environ Res 2014; 133:388-95. [PMID: 24948546 PMCID: PMC4119528 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are known or probable human carcinogens. We evaluated the relationship between PAH exposure and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) using concentrations in residential dust as an exposure indicator. We conducted a population-based case-control study (251 ALL cases, 306 birth-certificate controls) in Northern and Central California from 2001 to 2007. We collected residential dust using a high volume small surface sampler (HVS3) (n=185 cases, 212 controls) or by sampling from participants' household vacuum cleaners (n=66 cases, 94 controls). We evaluated log-transformed concentrations of 9 individual PAHs, the summed PAHs, and the summed PAHs weighted by their carcinogenic potency (the toxic equivalence). We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using logistic regression adjusting for demographic characteristics and duration between diagnosis/reference date and dust collection. Among participants with HVS3 dust, risk of ALL was not associated with increasing concentration of any PAHs based on OR perln(ng/g). Among participants with vacuum dust, we observed positive associations between ALL risk and increasing concentrations of benzo[a]pyrene (OR perln[ng/g]=1.42, 95% CI=0.95, 2.12), dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (OR=1.98, 95% CI=1.11, 3.55), benzo[k]fluoranthene (OR=1.71, 95% CI=0.91, 3.22), indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (OR=1.81, 95% CI=1.04, 3.16), and the toxic equivalence (OR=2.35, 95% CI=1.18, 4.69). The increased ALL risk among participants with vacuum dust suggests that PAH exposure may increase the risk of childhood ALL; however, reasons for the different results based on HVS3 dust samples deserve further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Deziel
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - R P Rull
- School of Community Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA
| | - J S Colt
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P Reynolds
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - R B Gunier
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - P Buffler
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M H Ward
- Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C Metayer
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Kelly S, Davidson B, Gorman C, Meenagh G, Reynolds P. OP0146 The Impact of Ultrasound on the Diagnosis and Management of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) in Routine Clinical Care Within the UK. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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15
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Freeman WD, Strowd R, Reynolds P. Opinion & Special Articles: The lost resident: Why resident physicians still need mentoring. Neurology 2013; 81:2147. [DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000440915.55502.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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16
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Schönwetter D, Reynolds P. Discovering online learning barriers: survey of health educational stakeholders in dentistry. Eur J Dent Educ 2013; 17:e126-e135. [PMID: 23279400 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0579.2012.00772.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given the exponential explosion of online learning tools and the challenge to harness their influence in dental education, there is a need to determine the current status of online learning tools being adopted at dental schools, the barriers that thwart the potential of adopting these and to capture this information from each of the various stakeholders involved in dental online learning (administrators, instructors, students and software/hardware technicians). The aims of this exploratory study are threefold: first, to understand which online learning tools are currently being adopted at dental schools; second, to determine the barriers in adopting online learning in dental education; and third, to identify a way of better preparing stakeholders in their quest to encourage others at their institutions to adopt online learning tools. METHODS Seventy-two participants representing eight countries and 13 stakeholder groups in dentistry were invited to complete the online Survey of Barriers in Online Learning Education in Health Professional Schools. The survey was created for this study but generic to all healthcare education domains. Twenty participants completed the survey. RESULTS demonstrated that many online learning tools are being successfully adopted at dental schools, but computer-based assessment tools are the least successful. Added to this are challenges of support and resources for online learning tools. Participants offered suggestions of creating a blended (online and face-to-face) tutorial aimed at assisting stakeholders to help their dental schools in adopting online learning tools CONCLUSION The information from this study is essential in helping us to better prepare the next generation of dental providers in terms of adopting online learning tools. This paper will not only provide strategies of how best to proceed, but also inspire participants with the necessary tools to move forward as they assist their clients with adopting and sustaining online learning tools and models.
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Khan RB, Hudson MM, Brannon Morris E, Ledet D, Pui CH, Scott H, Browne E, Crom D, Hinds P, Zhu L, Kumar S, Ness KK, Rogers LR, Ostrom Q, Vengoechea J, Chen Y, Davitkov P, Strodtbeck K, Selman WR, Gerson S, Nock C, Machtay M, Lo S, Sloan AE, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Johnson DR, Decker PA, Hanson AC, Hammack JE, Amirian ES, Goodman JC, New P, Scheurer ME, Kruchko C, Dolecek TA, McCarthy BJ, Mulpur BH, Nabors LB, Egan KM, Browning JE, Olson JJ, Thompson RC, Madden MH, Lupo PJ, Cai Y, Nousome D, Scheurer ME, O'Neill BP, Decker PA, Cerhan JR, Villano JL, Moirangthem V, Pittman T, Durbin EB, Campen CJ, Von Behren J, Reynolds P, Fisher PG, Merker VL, Slattery WH, Muzikansky A, Barker FG, Plotkin SR, Rotman LE, Ostrom Q, Vengoechea J, Kuhns B, Rogers L, Sloan A, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Mrugala MM, Wen PY, Rogers LR, Sonabend AM, Zacharia BE, Goldstein H, Bruce S, Bruce JN, Kim T, Chiang VL, Yu JB. CLIN-EPIDEMIOLOGY. Neuro Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Khatua S, Brown R, Pearlman M, Vats T, Satge D, Stiller C, Rutkowski S, von Bueren AO, Lacour B, Sommelet D, Nishi M, Massimino M, Garre ML, Moreno F, Hasle H, Jakab Z, Greenberg M, von der Weid N, Kuehni C, Zurriaga O, Vicente ML, Peris-Bonet R, Benesch M, Vekemans M, Sullivan S, Rickert C, Fisher PG, Von Behren J, Nelson DO, Reynolds P, Fukuoka K, Yanagisawa T, Suzuki T, Koga T, Wakiya K, Adachi JI, Mishima K, Fujimaki T, Matsutani M, Nishikawa R, Gidding C, Schieving J, Wesseling P, Ligtenberg M, Hoogerbrugge N, Jongmans M, Crosier S, Nicholson SL, Robson K, Jacques T, Wharton S, Bown N, Michalski A, Pizer B, Clifford S, Sanden E, Visse E, Siesjo P, Darabi A, Nousome D, Lupo PJ, Scheurer ME, Nulman I, Barrera M, Maxwell C, Koren G, Gorelyshev S, Matuev K, Lubnin A, Laskov M, Lemeneva N, Mazerkina N, Khuhlaeva E, Muller K, Bruns F, Pietsch T, Rutkowski S, Kortmann RD, Krishnatry R, Shirsat N, Kunder R, Epari S, Gupta T, Kurkure P, Vora T, Arora B, Moiyadi A, Jalali R, Swieszkowska E, Dembowska-Baginska B, Drogosiewicz M, Filipek I, Perek-Polnik M, Grajkowska W, Perek D, Johnston D, Cyr J, Strother D, Lafay-Cousin L, Fryer C, Scheinemann K, Carret AS, Fleming A, Larouche V, Bouffet E, Friedrich C, Gnekow AK, Fleischhack G, Kramm CM, Fruehwald MC, Muller HL, Calaminus G, Kordes U, Faldum A, Pietsch T, Warmuth-Metz M, Kortmann RD, Jung I, Kaatsch P, Rutkowski S, Caretti V, Bugiani M, Boor I, Schellen P, Vandertop WP, Noske DP, Kaspers G, Wurdinger T, Wesseling P, Robinson G, Chingtagumpala M, Adesina A, Dalton J, Santi M, Sievert A, Wright K, Armstrong G, Boue D, Olshefski R, Scott S, Huang A, Cohn R, Gururangan S, Bowers D, Gilbertson R, Gajjar A, Ellison D, Chick E, Donson A, Owens E, Smith AA, Madden JR, Foreman NK, Bakry D, Aronson M, Durno C, Hala R, Farah R, Amayiri N, Alharbi Q, Shamvil A, Ben-Shachar S, Constantini S, Rina D, Ellise J, Keiles S, Pollet A, Qaddoumi I, Gallinger S, Malkin D, Bouffet E, Hawkins C, Tabori U, Trivedi M, Goodden J, Chumas P, Tyagi A, O'kane R, Trivedi M, Goodden J, Chumas P, Tyagi A, O'Kane R, Crimmins D, Picton S, Elliott M. EPIDEMIOLOGY. Neuro Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Heathfield S, Parker B, Zeef L, Bruce I, Alexander Y, Collins F, Stone M, Wang E, Williams AS, Wright HL, Thomas HB, Moots RJ, Edwards SW, Bullock C, Chapman V, Walsh DA, Mobasheri A, Kendall D, Kelly S, Bayley R, Buckley CD, Young SP, Rump-Goodrich L, Middleton J, Chen L, Fisher R, Kollnberger S, Shastri N, Kessler BM, Bowness P, Nazeer Moideen A, Evans L, Osgood L, Williams AS, Jones SA, Nowell MA, Mahadik Y, Young S, Morgan M, Gordon C, Harper L, Giles JL, Paul Morgan B, Harris CL, Rysnik OJ, McHugh K, Kollnberger S, Payeli S, Marroquin O, Shaw J, Renner C, Bowness P, Nayar S, Cloake T, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Buckley C, Barone F, Barone F, Nayar S, Cloake T, Lane P, Coles M, Buckley C, Williams EL, Edwards CJ, Cooper C, Oreffo RO, Dunn S, Crawford A, Wilkinson M, Le Maitre C, Bunning R, Daniels J, Phillips KLE, Chiverton N, Le Maitre CL, Kollnberger S, Shaw J, Ridley A, Wong-Baeza I, McHugh K, Keidel S, Chan A, Bowness P, Gullick NJ, Abozaid HS, Jayaraj DM, Evans HG, Scott DL, Choy EH, Taams LS, Hickling M, Golor G, Jullion A, Shaw S, Kretsos K, Bari SF, Rhys-Dillon B, Amos N, Siebert S, Phillips KLE, Chiverton N, Bunning RD, Haddock G, Cross AK, Le Maitre CL, Kate I, Phillips E, Cross A, Chiverton N, Haddock G, Bunning RAD, Le Maitre CL, Ceeraz S, Spencer J, Choy E, Corrigall V, Crilly A, Palmer H, Lockhart J, Plevin R, Ferrell WR, McInnes I, Hutchinson D, Perry L, DiCicco M, Humby F, Kelly S, Hands R, Buckley C, McInnes I, Taylor P, Bombardieri M, Pitzalis C, Mehta P, Mitchell A, Tysoe C, Caswell R, Owens M, Vincent T, Hashmi TM, Price-Forbes A, Sharp CA, Murphy H, Wood EF, Doherty T, Sheldon J, Sofat N, Goff I, Platt PN, Abdulkader R, Clunie G, Ismajli M, Nikiphorou E, Young A, Tugnet N, Dixey J, Banik S, Alcorn D, Hunter J, Win Maw W, Patil P, Hayes F, Main Wong W, Borg FA, Dasgupta B, Malaviya AP, Ostor AJ, Chana JK, Ahmed AA, Edmonds S, Hayes F, Coward L, Borg F, Heaney J, Amft N, Simpson J, Dhillon V, Ayalew Y, Khattak F, Gayed M, Amarasena RI, McKenna F, Amarasena RI, McKenna F, Mc Laughlin M, Baburaj K, Fattah Z, Ng N, Wilson J, Colaco B, Williams MR, Adizie T, Dasgupta B, Casey M, Lip S, Tan S, Anderson D, Robertson C, Devanny I, Field M, Walker D, Robinson S, Ryan S, Hassell A, Bateman J, Allen M, Davies D, Crouch C, Walker-Bone K, Gainsborough N, Gullick NJ, Lutalo PM, Davies UM, Walker-Bone K, Mckew JR, Millar AM, Wright SA, Bell AL, Thapper M, Roussou T, Cumming J, Hull RG, Thapper M, Roussou T, McKeogh J, O'Connor MB, Hassan AI, Bond U, Swan J, Phelan MJ, Coady D, Kumar N, Farrow L, Bukhari M, Oldroyd AG, Greenbank C, McBeth J, Duncan R, Brown D, Horan M, Pendleton N, Littlewood A, Cordingley L, Mulvey M, Curtis EM, Cole ZA, Crozier SR, Georgia N, Robinson SM, Godfrey KM, Sayer AA, Inskip HM, Cooper C, Harvey NC, Davies R, Mercer L, Galloway J, Low A, Watson K, Lunt M, Symmons D, Hyrich K, Chitale S, Estrach C, Moots RJ, Goodson NJ, Rankin E, Jiang CQ, Cheng KK, Lam TH, Adab P, Ling S, Chitale S, Moots RJ, Estrach C, Goodson NJ, Humphreys J, Ellis C, Bunn D, Verstappen SM, Symmons D, Fluess E, Macfarlane GJ, Bond C, Jones GT, Scott IC, Steer S, Lewis CM, Cope A, Mulvey MR, Macfarlane GJ, Symmons D, Lovell K, Keeley P, Woby S, Beasley M, McBeth J, Viatte S, Plant D, Lunt M, Fu B, Parker B, Galloway J, Solymossy C, Worthington J, Symmons D, Dixey J, Young A, Barton A, Williams FM, Osei-Bordom DC, Popham M, MacGregor A, Spector T, Little J, Herrick A, Pushpakom S, Ennis H, McBurney H, Worthington J, Newman W, Ibrahim I, Plant D, Hyrich K, Morgan A, Wilson A, Isaacs J, Barton A, Sanderson T, Hewlett S, Calnan M, Morris M, Raza K, Kumar K, Cardy CM, Pauling JD, Jenkins J, Brown SJ, McHugh N, Nikiphorou E, Mugford M, Davies C, Cooper N, Brooksby A, Bunn D, Symmons D, MacGregor A, Dures E, Ambler N, Fletcher D, Pope D, Robinson F, Rooke R, Hewlett S, Gorman CL, Reynolds P, Hakim AJ, Bosworth A, Weaver D, Kiely PD, Skeoch S, Jani M, Amarasena R, Rao C, Macphie E, McLoughlin Y, Shah P, Else S, Semenova O, Thompson H, Ogunbambi O, Kallankara S, Patel Y, Baguley E, Jani M, Halsey J, Severn A, Bukhari M, Selvan S, Price E, Husain MJ, Brophy S, Phillips CJ, Cooksey R, Irvine E, Siebert S, Lendrem D, Mitchell S, Bowman S, Price E, Pease CT, Emery P, Andrews J, Bombardieri M, Sutcliffe N, Pitzalis C, Lanyon P, Hunter J, Gupta M, McLaren J, Regan M, Cooper A, Giles I, Isenberg D, Griffiths B, Foggo H, Edgar S, Vadivelu S, Coady D, McHugh N, Ng WF, Dasgupta B, Taylor P, Iqbal I, Heron L, Pilling C, Marks J, Hull R, Ledingham J, Han C, Gathany T, Tandon N, Hsia E, Taylor P, Strand V, Sensky T, Harta N, Fleming S, Kay L, Rutherford M, Nicholl K, Kay L, Rutherford M, Nicholl K, Eyre T, Wilson G, Johnson P, Russell M, Timoshanko J, Duncan G, Spandley A, Roskell S, Coady D, West L, Adshead R, Donnelly SP, Ashton S, Tahir H, Patel D, Darroch J, Goodson NJ, Boulton J, Ellis B, Finlay R, Lendrem D, Mitchell S, Bowman S, Price E, Pease CT, Emery P, Andrews J, Bombardieri M, Sutcliffe N, Pitzalis C, Lanyon P, Hunter J, Gupta M, McLaren J, Regan M, Cooper A, Giles I, Isenberg D, Vadivelu S, Coady D, McHugh N, Griffiths B, Foggo H, Edgar S, Ng WF, Murray-Brown W, Priori R, Tappuni T, Vartoukian S, Seoudi N, Picarelli G, Fortune F, Valesini G, Pitzalis C, Bombardieri M, Ball E, Rooney M, Bell A, Merida AA, Isenberg D, Tarelli E, Axford J, Giles I, Pericleous C, Pierangeli SS, Ioannou J, Rahman A, Alavi A, Hughes M, Evans B, Bukhari M, Parker B, Zaki A, Alexander Y, Bruce I, Hui M, Garner R, Rees F, Bavakunji R, Daniel P, Varughese S, Srikanth A, Andres M, Pearce F, Leung J, Lim K, Regan M, Lanyon P, Oomatia A, Petri M, Fang H, Birnbaum J, Amissah-Arthur M, Gayed M, Stewart K, Jennens H, Braude S, Gordon C, Sutton EJ, Watson KD, Gordon C, Yee CS, Lanyon P, Jayne D, Isenberg D, Rahman A, Akil M, McHugh N, Ahmad Y, Amft N, D'Cruz D, Edwards CJ, Griffiths B, Khamashta M, Teh LS, Zoma A, Bruce I, Dey ID, Kenu E, Isenberg D, Pericleous C, Garza-Garcia A, Murfitt L, Driscoll PC, Isenberg D, Pierangeli S, Giles I, Ioannou Y, Rahman A, Reynolds JA, Ray DW, O'Neill T, Alexander Y, Bruce I, Segeda I, Shevchuk S, Kuvikova I, Brown N, Bruce I, Venning M, Mehta P, Dhanjal M, Mason J, Nelson-Piercy C, Basu N, Paudyal P, Stockton M, Lawton S, Dent C, Kindness K, Meldrum G, John E, Arthur C, West L, Macfarlane MV, Reid DM, Jones GT, Macfarlane GJ, Yates M, Loke Y, Watts R, MacGregor A, Adizie T, Christidis D, Dasgupta B, Williams M, Sivakumar R, Misra R, Danda D, Mahendranath KM, Bacon PA, Mackie SL, Pease CT. Basic science * 232. Certolizumab pegol prevents pro-inflammatory alterations in endothelial cell function. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Johnson KJ, Carozza SE, Chow EJ, Fox EE, Horel S, McLaughlin CC, Mueller BA, Puumala SE, Reynolds P, Von Behren J, Spector LG. Birth characteristics and childhood carcinomas. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:1396-401. [PMID: 21915125 PMCID: PMC3241539 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Carcinomas in children are rare and have not been well studied. Methods: We conducted a population-based case–control study and examined associations between birth characteristics and childhood carcinomas diagnosed from 28 days to 14 years during 1980–2004 using pooled data from five states (NY, WA, MN, TX, and CA) that linked their birth and cancer registries. The pooled data set contained 57 966 controls and 475 carcinoma cases, including 159 thyroid and 126 malignant melanoma cases. We used unconditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: White compared with ‘other’ race was positively associated with melanoma (OR=3.22, 95% CI 1.33–8.33). Older maternal age increased the risk for melanoma (ORper 5-year age increase=1.20, 95% CI 1.00–1.44), whereas paternal age increased the risk for any carcinoma (OR=1.10per 5-year age increase, 95% CI 1.01–1.20) and thyroid carcinoma (ORper 5-year age increase=1.16, 95% CI 1.01–1.33). Gestational age <37 vs 37–42 weeks increased the risk for thyroid carcinoma (OR=1.87, 95% CI 1.07–3.27). Plurality, birth weight, and birth order were not significantly associated with childhood carcinomas. Conclusion: This exploratory study indicates that some birth characteristics including older parental age and low gestational age may be related to childhood carcinoma aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Johnson
- The Brown School and Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.
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Abstract
AIM To determine attitudes of paediatric consultants and trainees towards immediate care of babies born at 22-24 weeks gestation. METHODS A questionnaire was sent to one consultant and one trainee within each of 63 neonatal units in South East England. RESULTS Response rate was 90% (111/123). At 22 weeks gestation, 51% of all respondents would not attend the delivery. At 23 weeks gestation, 63% of respondents would advise against resuscitation during antenatal counselling but 45% would resuscitate despite a parental request for comfort care. Forty-one percent of respondents would provide comfort care for a 23 week gestation baby born in poor condition. If required, 53% of respondents would use chest compressions and/or adrenaline at birth of a 24 week gestation infant (38% consultants, 54% trainees; p = 0.05). More experienced and older paediatricians were more likely to attend 22 week deliveries and be comfortable with parental requests for resuscitation. Fifty-four percent of units had written guidelines on care of these babies. Significantly more consultants (67%) than trainees (25%) correctly classified neonatal deaths. CONCLUSIONS Paediatricians with greater experience and age demonstrated more shared decision-making with parents. Nearly half of paediatricians would defy parental wishes at 23 weeks gestation, contrary to ethical recommendations (Nuffield Council on Bioethics, http://www.nuffieldbioethics.org).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Duffy
- Ashford and St Peter's NHS Trust, St Peter's Hospital, Chertsey, Surrey, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Reynolds
- Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Boston, USA
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Higgins DR, Prakash S, Reynolds P, Polakowska R, Weber S, Prakash L. Isolation and characterization of the RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and inviability of rad3 deletion mutants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 80:5680-4. [PMID: 16593371 PMCID: PMC384322 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.18.5680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The RAD3 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for nicking of DNA containing pyrimidine dimers or interstrand crosslinks. We have cloned the RAD3 gene and physically mapped it to 2.6 kilobase of DNA. A DNA segment of the cloned RAD3 insert was ligated into plasmid YIp5, which transforms yeast by homologous integration, and shown to integrate at the RAD3 site in chromosome V, thus verifying the cloned DNA segment to be the RAD3 gene and not a suppressor. The RAD3 gene encodes a 2.5-kilobase mRNA, extending between the Kpn I site and the Sau3A1/BamHI fusion junction in plasmid pSP10, and the direction of transcription has been determined. The 2.5-kilobase transcript could encode a protein of about 90,000 daltons. We also show the deletions of the RAD3 gene to be recessive lethals, indicating that the RAD3 gene plays an important role in other cellular processes in addition to incision of damaged DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Higgins
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627
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Carozza SE, Puumala SE, Chow EJ, Fox EE, Horel S, Johnson KJ, McLaughlin CC, Reynolds P, Von Behren J, Mueller BA, Spector LG. Parental educational attainment as an indicator of socioeconomic status and risk of childhood cancers. Br J Cancer 2010; 103:136-42. [PMID: 20531410 PMCID: PMC2905284 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6605732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Little has been reported on socioeconomic (SES) patterns of risk for most forms of childhood cancer. Methods: Population-based case–control data from epidemiological studies of childhood cancer conducted in five US states were pooled and associations of maternal, paternal and household educational attainment with childhood cancers were analysed. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logistic regression, controlling for confounders. Results: Although there was no association with parental education for the majority of cancers evaluated, there was an indication of a positive association with lower education for Hodgkin's and Burkitt's lymphoma and Wilm's tumour, with the ORs ranging from 1.5 to >3.0 times that of more educated parents. A possible protective effect was seen for lower parental education and astrocytoma and hepatoblastoma, with ORs reduced by 30 to 40%. Conclusions: These study results should be viewed as exploratory because of the broad nature of the SES assessment, but they give some indication that childhood cancer studies might benefit from a more thorough assessment of SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Carozza
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97333, USA.
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Sivapathasuntharam D, Oclee-Brown C, Reynolds P. Internal iliac artery aneurysm rupture secondary to anticoagulation causing sciatica. Eur Geriatr Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurger.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Clague J, Reynolds P, Chang E, Henderson KD, Ma H, Anton-Culver H, Bernstein L. Menopausal Hormone Therapy influences Lung Cancer Survival but not Lung Cancer Risk: Results from the California Teachers Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-3-aspo13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose: Most studies have shown a protective or null effect of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) on lung cancer risk, whereas the recent post-hoc analysis of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) showed that estrogen+progestin (E+P) decreased lung cancer survival. Given the substantial clinical implications, it is vital that the risk and survival associations be validated.
Methods: We examined the associations between HT use and lung cancer risk and survival among 60,592 postmenopausal women enrolled in the prospective California Teachers Study cohort. Between 1995 and 2007, 727 women (184 never smokers) were diagnosed with lung cancer; 441 of these died as of December 31, 2007. Age-stratified, multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR).
Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, various measures of HT use were not associated with lung cancer risk. However, any HT use (vs. no use) was associated with a statistically significant increase in lung-cancer-specific survival [HR, 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56-0.87]. Among women who only used E, statistically significant increases in lung cancer survival were seen for recent use (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.43-0.80), but not former use; use of only E+P was not associated with survival. Shorter duration of recent E-only use was associated with improved survival (0-5 years of use: HR, 0.29, 95% CI, 0.12-0.68; 5-15 years of use: HR, 0.60, 95% CI, 0.35-1.05; >15 years of use: HR, 0.58, 95% CI, 0.39-0.88) (trend P = 0.005). Similarly, women who reported recently using E-only for 0-5 years had a median survival time of 42.1 months versus women who reported 5-15 years of use (31 months), >15 years of use (19.1 months), or no HT use (15.6 months) (log-rank P = 0.009). Among former users of HT, a statistically significant 63% (95% CI, 0.16-0.87) decrease in lung-cancer-specific death was observed for E-only use <5 years prior to baseline, but not for E-only use >5 years prior to baseline or E+P-only use.
Conclusions: Contrary to the recent finding that lung cancer survival is poorer among women in WHI taking E+P, our results suggest no effect of E+P. By contrast, postmenopausal E-only use, specifically recent use, is associated with increased lung cancer survival.
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Von Behren J, Lipsett M, Horn-Ross PL, Delfino RJ, Gilliland F, McConnell R, Bernstein L, Clarke CA, Reynolds P. Obesity, waist size and prevalence of current asthma in the California Teachers Study cohort. Thorax 2009; 64:889-93. [PMID: 19706838 PMCID: PMC2813683 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2009.114579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for asthma, particularly in women, but few cohort studies have evaluated abdominal obesity which reflects metabolic differences in visceral fat known to influence systemic inflammation. A study was undertaken to examine the relationship between the prevalence of asthma and measures of abdominal obesity and adult weight gain in addition to body mass index (BMI) in a large cohort of female teachers. METHODS Prevalence odds ratios (ORs) for current asthma were calculated using multivariable linear modelling, adjusting for age, smoking and race/ethnicity. RESULTS Of the 88 304 women in the analyses, 13% (n = 11,500) were obese (BMI > or = 30 kg/m(2)) at baseline; 1334 were extremely obese (BMI > or = 40 kg/m(2)). Compared with those of normal weight, the adjusted OR for adult-onset asthma increased from 1.40 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.31 to 1.49) for overweight women to 3.30 (95% CI 2.85 to 3.82) for extremely obese women. Large waist circumference (>88 cm) was associated with increased asthma prevalence, even among women with a normal BMI (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.59). Among obese women the OR for asthma was greater in those who were also abdominally obese than in women whose waist was < or = 88 cm (2.36 vs 1.57). Obese and overweight women were at greater risk of severe asthma episodes, measured by urgent medical visits and hospital admissions. CONCLUSIONS This study confirms the association between excess weight and asthma severity and prevalence, and showed that a large waist was associated with increased asthma prevalence even among women considered to have normal body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Von Behren
- Northern California Cancer Center, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
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Chambers D, Hopkins P, Kermeen F, Ahern J, Hodge G, Reynolds P, Holmes M, Hodge S. 208: Mucosal Integrin Expressing CD8 Lymphocytes Infiltrate Small Airways during Episodes of Acute Lung Allograft Rejection – Link between Rejection and BOS? J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Chambers D, Banerjee B, Hodge G, Hopkins P, Kicic A, Musk M, Stick S, Reynolds P, Holmes M, Hodge S. 521: Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) in Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome (BOS) Is Not Restricted to Small Airways. J Heart Lung Transplant 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Lu Y, Sullivan-Halley J, Cozen W, Chang ET, Henderson K, Ma H, Deapen D, Clarke C, Reynolds P, Neuhausen SL, Anton-Culver H, Ursin G, West D, Bernstein L. Family history of haematopoietic malignancies and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma risk in the California Teachers Study. Br J Cancer 2009; 100:524-6. [PMID: 19156148 PMCID: PMC2658543 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Family history of haematopoietic malignancies appears to be a risk factor for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), but whether risk varies by family member's gender is unclear. Among 121 216 women participating in the prospective California Teachers Study, NHL risk varied by type of haematopoietic malignancy and gender of the relative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC/Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center NOR-3429, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90089-9175, USA
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Marshall SF, Chang E, Clarke CA, Cress R, Deapen D, Horn-Ross PL, Largent J, Neuhausen S, Reynolds P, Templeman C, Bernstein L. Hormone therapy use before diagnosis and breast cancer survival in the California teachers study. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #65
Background: Breast cancer survival appears to be improved by pre-diagnostic use of hormone therapy (HT), but it is unclear from existing studies whether this is attributable to a direct beneficial effect of HT or because HT use encourages the development of certain tumor types with better prognosis. It is therefore important to examine whether the association between HT use and survival still remains after adequate adjustment for tumor characteristics.
 Methods: The California Teachers Study is an ongoing prospective study of female public school teachers and administrators. These analyses included 2,783 postmenopausal women whose use of HT was known and who were diagnosed with an incident primary invasive breast cancer after joining the cohort in 1995-96 and followed until death or the end of 2005. Incident cancers and tumor characteristics were ascertained through annual linkage with the statewide California Cancer Registry. Deaths were ascertained through annual linkage with the California state mortality files, the Social Security Administration Death Master File and the National Death Index. HT and other covariates were self-reported on the baseline questionnaire. We estimated the relative risk (RR) of breast cancer death stratifying by age in years, and using age in days from breast cancer diagnosis as the time scale (censoring deaths from other causes).
 Results: During the follow-up period, 159 (5.7%) women died of breast cancer. In unadjusted analysis, former and current HT use, specifically current estrogen-progestin (EP) use (RR=0.37; 0.24-0.57) but also current unopposed estrogen (E) use (RR=0.64; 0.43-0.95), was significantly associated with reduced breast cancer mortality, compared with no HT use. In multivariable analysis, taking into account race, body mass index, smoking history, lifetime physical activity, and co-morbidities, the risk estimates were somewhat attenuated (EP RR=0.40; 0.26-0.63 and E RR=0.67; 0.44-1.00). After additional adjustment for tumor characteristics (stage at diagnosis, estrogen receptor status, number of positive lymph nodes, grade and tumor size) and treatment received (surgery type and radiation) the risk estimates were considerably attenuated (EP RR=0.53; 0.33-0.84 and E RR=0.82; 0.53-1.27).
 Conclusion: Use of EP before diagnosis was associated with a reduced risk of death due to breast cancer. Use of E was also associated with reduced breast cancer mortality, although the association was not statistically significant after adjustment for indicators of general health, characteristics of the tumor and treatment.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 65.
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Affiliation(s)
- SF Marshall
- 1 Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - E Chang
- 2 Northern California Cancer Center, Fremont, CA
| | - CA Clarke
- 2 Northern California Cancer Center, Fremont, CA
| | - R Cress
- 3 Public Health Institute, Sacramento, CA
| | - D Deapen
- 4 Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - PL Horn-Ross
- 2 Northern California Cancer Center, Fremont, CA
| | - J Largent
- 1 Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - S Neuhausen
- 1 Epidemiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - P Reynolds
- 2 Northern California Cancer Center, Fremont, CA
| | - C Templeman
- 4 Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - L Bernstein
- 5 City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA
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Burr J, Reynolds P. Thinking ethically about genetic inheritance: liberal rights, communitarianism and the right to privacy for parents of donor insemination children. J Med Ethics 2008; 34:281-284. [PMID: 18375682 DOI: 10.1136/jme.2007.020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The issue of genetic inheritance, and particularly the contradictory rights of donors, recipients and donor offspring as to the disclosure of donor identities, is ethically complicated. Donors, donor offspring and parents of donor offspring may appeal to individual rights for confidentiality or disclosure within legal systems based on liberal rights discourse. This paper explores the ethical issues of non-disclosure of genetic inheritance by contrasting two principle models used to articulate the problem--liberal and communitarian ethical models. It argues that whilst the latter provides a more constructive avenue to providing an ethics for donation than the competing and contradictory positions represented in a liberal rights approach, it raises issues of ethical judgement and authority that remain problematic. This ethical discussion is supported by a field study, funded by the Wellcome Trust, exploring the perceptions and experiences of recipients of donor sperm and their partners towards donor anonymity. The field study provides the empirical basis of an argument for making ethical judgements on the grounds of the community good rather than individual rights, that nevertheless recognises that both are inherently problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Burr
- University of Sheffield, School of Health and Related Research, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, South Yorks S1 4DA, UK.
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Winning T, Needleman I, Rohlin M, Carrassi A, Chadwick B, Eaton K, Hardwick K, Ivancakova R, Jallaludin RL, Johnsen D, Kim JG, Lekkas D, Li D, Onisei D, Pissiotis A, Reynolds P, Tonni I, Vanobbergen J, Vassileva R, Virtanen J, Wesselink P, Wilson N. Evidence-based care and the curriculum. Eur J Dent Educ 2008; 12 Suppl 1:48-63. [PMID: 18289268 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0579.2007.00480.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An evidence-based (EB) approach has been a significant driver in reforming healthcare over the past two decades. This change has extended across a broad range of health professions, including oral healthcare. A key element in achieving an EB approach to oral healthcare is educating our practitioners, both current and future. This involves providing opportunities integrated within simulated and actual clinical settings for practitioners to learn and apply the principles and processes of evidence-based oral healthcare (EBOHC). Therefore, the focus of this discussion will be on ways in which EBOHC and associated research activities can be implemented into curricula, with the aim of improving patient care. This paper will initially define the scope of EBOHC and research, what these involve, why they are important, and issues that we need to manage when implementing EBOHC. This will be followed by a discussion of factors that enable successful implementation of EBOHC and research into curricula. The paper concludes with suggestions on the future of EBOHC and research in curricula. Key recommendations related to curricula include strengthening of the culture of a scientific approach to education and oral healthcare provision; complete integration of EBOHC into the curriculum at all levels; and faculty development to implement EBOHC based on their needs and evidence of effective approaches. Key recommendations to support implementation and maintenance of EBOHC include recognition and funding for high-quality systematic reviews and development of associated methodologies relevant for global environments; building global capacity of EBOHC researchers; research into improving translation of effective interventions into education and healthcare practice, including patient-reported outcomes, safety and harms, understanding and incorporation of patient values into EB decision-making, economic evaluation research specific to oral healthcare and effective methods for changing practitioner (faculty) behaviours; and extend access to synthesized research in 'user friendly' formats and languages tailored to meet users' needs. Realizing these recommendations may help to improve access to effective healthcare as a basic human right.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Winning
- The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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Hodge S, Holmes M, Banerjee B, Waterer G, Reynolds P, Hodge G, Chambers D. 529: Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) as an Indicator of Airway Wall Remodelling in Lung Transplant Patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2007.11.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Reynolds P, Barbee R, Ward K. Pharmaceutical Metabolic Downregulation by Protein Synthesis Inhibition in Conscious Rats. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Barbee R, Reynolds P, Ward K. Hemodynamic Support and Survival Following Severe Trauma-Hemorrhage in Rodents with Low Volume Cocktail Resuscitation. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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37
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Reynolds P, Barbee R, Ward K. Pre-intervention Physiological Status Trumps Resuscitation Strategy Following Severe Hemorrhagic Shock: Comparison of Survival Analysis Methods. Acad Emerg Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Rull RP, Reynolds P, Gunier R, Von Behren J, Clarke L, Hertz A, Buffler P. Childhood Leukemia and Residential Proximity to Agricultural Pesticide Applications. Epidemiology 2006. [DOI: 10.1097/00001648-200611001-00424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhu Z, Lu B, Numnum M, Makhija S, Wang M, Reynolds P, Siegal G, Curiel D. 227 RNA interference against Hec1 targets malignant mesothelioma (MM). Lung Cancer 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(07)70303-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Davis LB, O’Leary D, Smith T, Reynolds P, Neitzel D, Brend S, Creekmore T, Miller T, Campbell G. 388: Temporal Relationships of West Nile Virus Surveillance Events and Human Disease Cases in Five States, 2003. Am J Epidemiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/161.supplement_1.s97c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L B Davis
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Iowa Department of Health, Minnesota Department of Health, North Dakota Department of Health, New Mexico Department of Health, Wyoming Department of Health
| | - D O’Leary
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Iowa Department of Health, Minnesota Department of Health, North Dakota Department of Health, New Mexico Department of Health, Wyoming Department of Health
| | - T Smith
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Iowa Department of Health, Minnesota Department of Health, North Dakota Department of Health, New Mexico Department of Health, Wyoming Department of Health
| | - P Reynolds
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Iowa Department of Health, Minnesota Department of Health, North Dakota Department of Health, New Mexico Department of Health, Wyoming Department of Health
| | - D Neitzel
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Iowa Department of Health, Minnesota Department of Health, North Dakota Department of Health, New Mexico Department of Health, Wyoming Department of Health
| | - S Brend
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Iowa Department of Health, Minnesota Department of Health, North Dakota Department of Health, New Mexico Department of Health, Wyoming Department of Health
| | - T Creekmore
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Iowa Department of Health, Minnesota Department of Health, North Dakota Department of Health, New Mexico Department of Health, Wyoming Department of Health
| | - T Miller
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Iowa Department of Health, Minnesota Department of Health, North Dakota Department of Health, New Mexico Department of Health, Wyoming Department of Health
| | - G Campbell
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Iowa Department of Health, Minnesota Department of Health, North Dakota Department of Health, New Mexico Department of Health, Wyoming Department of Health
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Dumont N, Crawford YG, Reynolds P, Tlsty TD. Cooperation between extracellular signaling and intracellular Ras activation leads to immortalization and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of variant human mammary epithelial cells. Breast Cancer Res 2005. [PMCID: PMC4233547 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Reynolds P. Support students. Aust Nurs J 2005; 12:3. [PMID: 16496800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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Reynolds P, Gardner D, Lee R. Tinnitus and psychological morbidity: a cross-sectional study to investigate psychological morbidity in tinnitus patients and its relationship with severity of symptoms and illness perceptions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 29:628-34. [PMID: 15533150 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2273.2004.00879.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the relationship between tinnitus and psychological morbidity using a cross-sectional survey design from patients of an outpatient audiology department in a typical District General Hospital. The results suggest that a significant number of tinnitus patients suffer from psychological problems both during and more unfortunately after routine treatment for their tinnitus. Anxiety was found to be the main psychological problem. In conclusion, this study suggests that, while further research is needed, many tinnitus patients require psychological treatment and this has implications for the staffing of audiology units in District General Hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Reynolds
- Isebrook Hospital, Wellingborough, and Kettering General Hospital, Northants, UK
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Hodge G, Hodge S, Reynolds P, Holmes M. Intracellular cytokines in blood T cells in lung transplant patients--a more relevant indicator of immunosuppression than drug levels. Clin Exp Immunol 2005; 139:159-64. [PMID: 15606627 PMCID: PMC1809265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2005.02671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Allograft rejection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality following lung transplantation and is associated with an increase in T-cell pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Systemic levels of immunosuppressive drugs used to reduce pro-inflammatory cytokine expression are closely monitored to their 'therapeutic range'. However, it is currently unknown if levels of these drugs correlate with pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in peripheral blood T cells. To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of currently used immunosuppressive regimes on peripheral blood T-cell cytokine production, whole blood from stable lung transplant patients and control volunteers were stimulated in vitro and cytokine production by CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell subsets determined using multiparameter flow cytometry. T-cell IL-2 and TNFalpha production was significantly reduced from lung transplant patients compared to controls. CD4+ T-cell production of IFNgamma was also significantly reduced from lung transplant patients but production of IFNgamma by CD8+ T cells remained unchanged. There was an excellent correlation between the percentage of CD8+ T cells and the percentage of CD8+ T cells producing IFNgamma from transplant patients. T-cell IL-4 and CD8+ T-cell production of TGFbeta was significantly increased from lung transplant patients. We now provide evidence that current immunosuppression protocols have limited effect on peripheral blood IFNgamma production by CD8+ T-cells but do up-regulate T-cell anti-inflammatory cytokines. Drugs that effectively reduce IFNgamma production by CD8+ T cells may improve current protocols for reducing graft rejection in these patients. Intracellular cytokine analysis using flow cytometry may be a more appropriate indicator of immunosuppression than drug levels in these patients. This technique may prove useful in optimizing therapy for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hodge
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia.
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Reynolds P, Hurley S, Goldberg D. RESPONSE: Re: Active Smoking, Household Passive Smoking, and Breast Cancer: Evidence From the California Teachers Study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djh205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Bettermann K, Reynolds P, Tegeler C. Peripheral vascular disease in patients with symptomatic cerebrovascular ischemic events. Is there a need for routine screening? Akt Neurol 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-833239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Arias CA, Peña J, Panesso D, Reynolds P. Role of the transmembrane domain of the VanT serine racemase in resistance to vancomycin in Enterococcus gallinarum BM4174. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 51:557-64. [PMID: 12615855 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkg128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus gallinarum BM4175 (a vancomycin-susceptible derivative of BM4174 obtained by insertional inactivation of vanC-1) was transformed with plasmid constructs pCA10 (containing the genes necessary for resistance, vanC-1-XYc-T), pJP1 (with a fragment lacking the DNA encoding the transmembrane region of VanT, -vanC-1-XYc-T((Delta))(2-322)-) and with plasmids containing fragments encoding either the transmembrane (mvanT(1-322)) or racemase (svanT(323-698)) domains of VanT under the control of a constitutive promoter. Accumulated peptidoglycan precursors were measured in all strains in the presence of L-Ser, D-Ser (50 mM) or in the absence of any growth supplement. Uptake of 0.1 mM L-[(14)C]serine was also determined in BM4174, BM4175 and BM4175/pCA10. Vancomycin resistance was restored in BM4175 transformed with pCA10(C-1-XYc-T), and the profile of peptidoglycan precursors was similar to wild-type E. gallinarum BM4174. Transformation of E. gallinarum BM4175 with plasmid pJP1(vanC-1-XYc-T((Delta))(2-322)) resulted in: (i) vancomycin MICs remaining within susceptible levels (< or =4 mg/L) in the absence of any growth supplement, but increasing to 8 mg/L when either L-Ser or D-Ser was added to the medium; and (ii) the relative amounts of accumulated UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide[D-Ser] and tetrapeptide precursors decreasing substantially compared with BM4175/pCA10 and BM4174. The effect on the appearance of tetrapeptide appeared to be host dependent, since a substantial amount was present when the same plasmid construct pJP1(vanC-1-XYc-T((Delta))(2-322)) was electroporated into Enterococcus faecalis JH2-2. The uptake of L-[(14)C]Ser at 240 s was decreased by approximately 40% in BM4175 compared with BM4174. Plasmid pCA10(C-1-XY(C)-T) restored uptake of L-[(14)C]Ser at 180 and 240 s in BM4175. The results suggest that the transmembrane domain of VanT is likely to be involved in the transport of L-Ser, and that in its absence the resistance phenotype is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Arias
- Bacterial Molecular Genetics Unit, Centro de Investigaciones, Universidad El Bosque, Transv 9a Bis No. 133-25, Bogotá, Colombia.
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Painter HA, Reynolds P, Comber S. Application of the headspace CO2 method (ISO 14 593) to the assessment of the ultimate biodegradability of surfactants: results of a calibration exercise. Chemosphere 2003; 50:29-38. [PMID: 12656226 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the recent review of the control of marketing surfactants used in detergents, the EU decided to increase the severity of the testing procedure by using the criterion of ultimate biodegradability (mineralization) rather than primary biodegradation (removal of the parent molecule) to ensure that possible harmful organic metabolites do not reach the environment. The relatively new ISO headspace CO2 test, considered to be an improvement on the OECD 301B (Sturm CO2) test was chosen. The method was subjected to a ring test by 11 laboratories using one of each of four classes of surfactants plus a poorly degradable reference surfactant; all laboratories satisfactorily applied the method. The necessary addition of silica gel to the medium containing the cationic surfactant, known as a class to be more inhibitory than other classes, was confirmed as a technique for avoiding inhibition of the inoculum. The biodegradability of the surfactants was in general agreement with results reported in the literature and the often reported variable values of % inorganic carbon (IC) produced of the theoretical was found. The anionic and cationic surfactants were readily biodegradable (%IC > 60), the non-ionic surfactant was well below the pass value, while the amphoteric was borderline. The IC production by the blank controls, one of the validity criteria, was about 0.3 mg C/100 ml test medium, equivalent to 3 mg C/l, as recommended in the ISO text. Mild conditions of pre-exposure of the inoculum to the test surfactant did not produce consistent worthwhile effects on either the percentage biodegradation or on its variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Painter
- Freshfield Analysis Ltd., Caxton Villa Park Lane, Knebworth SG3 6PF, UK.
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Hoggatt KJ, Bernstein L, Reynolds P, Anton-Culver H, Deapen D, Peel D, Pinder R, Ross RK, West DW, Wright W, Ziogas A, Horn-Ross PL. Correlates of vitamin supplement use in the United States: data from the California Teachers Study cohort. Cancer Causes Control 2002; 13:735-40. [PMID: 12420952 DOI: 10.1023/a:1020282927074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe factors associated with vitamin supplement use in a large cohort of adult women. METHODS California teachers and administrators (n = 133,479) completed a questionnaire on lifestyle factors and medical history. Specific supplement users regularly used at least one specific vitamin supplement in the past year; multivitamin users regularly used a multivitamin; and multivitamin and specific supplement users took a multivitamin and one or more specific supplements. Associations between supplement use and other variables were quantified using means, cross-tabulations, and age-adjusted prevalence odds ratios. RESULTS Multivitamin and specific supplement users tended to be older and Caucasian. Compared to non-users, they were also leaner (odds ratio [OR] for BMI > or = 30 kg/m2 = 0.6 for specific supplement users with or without multivitamins, and OR = 0.7 for multivitamin only users), and were less likely to be current smokers (OR for current smoking = 0.8 for multivitamin plus specific supplement users, OR = 0.9 for specific supplement only users, and OR = 0.7 for multivitamin only users). Specific supplement users (with or without multivitamins) were more likely to use cancer screening tests, eat fruits and vegetables, and exercise than were multivitamin only users or non-users. CONCLUSIONS A variety of demographic, dietary, and health-related factors were associated with different categories of supplement use.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Hoggatt
- Northern California Cancer Center, Union City 94587, USA.
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