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Bromfield JI, Zaugg J, Straw RC, Cathie J, Krueger A, Sinha D, Chandra J, Hugenholtz P, Frazer IH. Characterization of the skin microbiome in normal and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma affected cats and dogs. mSphere 2024; 9:e0055523. [PMID: 38530017 PMCID: PMC11036808 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00555-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and actinic keratoses (AK) display microbial dysbiosis with an enrichment of staphylococcal species, which have been implicated in AK and SCC progression. SCCs are common in both felines and canines and are often diagnosed at late stages leading to high disease morbidity and mortality rates. Although recent studies support the involvement of the skin microbiome in AK and SCC progression in humans, there is no knowledge of this in companion animals. Here, we provide microbiome data for SCC in cats and dogs using culture-independent molecular profiling and show a significant decrease in microbial alpha diversity on SCC lesions compared to normal skin (P ≤ 0.05). Similar to human skin cancer, SCC samples had an elevated abundance of staphylococci relative to normal skin-50% (6/12) had >50% staphylococci, as did 16% (4/25) of perilesional samples. Analysis of Staphylococcus at the species level revealed an enrichment of the pathogenic species Staphylococcus felis in cat SCC samples, a higher prevalence of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs, and a higher abundance of Staphylococcus aureus compared to normal skin in both companion animals. Additionally, a comparison of previously published human SCC and perilesional samples against the present pet samples revealed that Staphylococcus was the most prevalent genera across human and companion animals for both sample types. Similarities between the microbial profile of human and cat/dog SCC lesions should facilitate future skin cancer research. IMPORTANCE The progression of precancerous actinic keratosis lesions (AK) to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is poorly understood in humans and companion animals, despite causing a significant burden of disease. Recent studies have revealed that the microbiota may play a significant role in disease progression. Staphylococcus aureus has been found in high abundance on AK and SCC lesions, where it secretes DNA-damaging toxins, which could potentiate tumorigenesis. Currently, a suitable animal model to investigate this relationship is lacking. Thus, we examined the microbiome of cutaneous SCC in pets, revealing similarities to humans, with increased staphylococci and reduced commensals on SCC lesions and peri-lesional skin compared to normal skin. Two genera that were in abundance in SCC samples have also been found in human oral SCC lesions. These findings suggest the potential suitability of pets as a model for studying microbiome-related skin cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacoba I. Bromfield
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julian Zaugg
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rodney C. Straw
- Brisbane Veterinary Specialist Centre and the Australian Animal Cancer Foundation, Albany Creek, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julia Cathie
- Brisbane Veterinary Specialist Centre and the Australian Animal Cancer Foundation, Albany Creek, Queensland, Australia
| | - Annika Krueger
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Debottam Sinha
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Janin Chandra
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip Hugenholtz
- Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ian H. Frazer
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
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Alsaadi SE, Lu H, Zhang M, Dykes GF, Allison HE, Horsburgh MJ. Bacteriophages from human skin infecting coagulase-negative Staphylococcus: diversity, novelty and host resistance. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8245. [PMID: 38589670 PMCID: PMC11001980 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The human skin microbiome comprises diverse populations that differ temporally between body sites and individuals. The virome is a less studied component of the skin microbiome and the study of bacteriophages is required to increase knowledge of the modulation and stability of bacterial communities. Staphylococcus species are among the most abundant colonisers of skin and are associated with both health and disease yet the bacteriophages infecting the most abundant species on skin are less well studied. Here, we report the isolation and genome sequencing of 40 bacteriophages from human skin swabs that infect coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) species, which extends our knowledge of phage diversity. Six genetic clusters of phages were identified with two clusters representing novel phages, one of which we characterise and name Alsa phage. We identified that Alsa phages have a greater ability to infect the species S. hominis that was otherwise infected less than other CoNS species by the isolated phages, indicating an undescribed barrier to phage infection that could be in part due to numerous restriction-modification systems. The extended diversity of Staphylococcus phages here enables further research to define their contribution to skin microbiome research and the mechanisms that limit phage infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samah E Alsaadi
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Hanshuo Lu
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Minxing Zhang
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gregory F Dykes
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Heather E Allison
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Malcolm J Horsburgh
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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Brauge T, Bourdonnais E, Trigueros S, Cresson P, Debuiche S, Granier SA, Midelet G. Antimicrobial resistance and geographical distribution of Staphylococcus sp. isolated from whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and seawater in the English Channel and the North sea. Environ Pollut 2024; 345:123434. [PMID: 38290653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus is a significant food safety hazard. The marine environment serves as a source of food for humans and is subject to various human-induced discharges, which may contain Staphylococcus strains associated with antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence and geographical distribution of AMR Staphylococcus isolates in seawater and whiting (Merlangius merlangus) samples collected from the English Channel and the North Sea. We isolated and identified 238 Staphylococcus strains, including 12 coagulase-positive (CoPs) and 226 coagulase-negative (CoNs) strains. All CoPs isolates exhibited resistance to at least one of the 16 antibiotics tested. Among the CoNs strains, 52% demonstrated resistance to at least one antibiotic, and 7 isolates were classified as multi-drug resistant (MDR). In these MDR strains, we identified AMR genes that confirmed the resistance phenotype, as well as other AMR genes, such as quaternary ammonium resistance. One CoNS strain carried 9 AMR genes, including both antibiotic and biocide resistance genes. By mapping the AMR phenotypes, we demonstrated that rivers had a local influence, particularly near the English coast, on the occurrence of AMR Staphylococcus. The analysis of marine environmental parameters revealed that turbidity and phosphate concentration were implicated in the occurrence of AMR Staphylococcus. Our findings underscore the crucial role of wild whiting and seawater in the dissemination of AMR Staphylococcus within the marine environment, thereby posing a risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brauge
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Erwan Bourdonnais
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Sylvain Trigueros
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Pierre Cresson
- Ifremer, Channel/North Sea Fisheries Laboratory, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Sabine Debuiche
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
| | - Sophie A Granier
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Fougères Laboratory, Fougères, France
| | - Graziella Midelet
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety, Laboratory for Food Safety, Bacteriology and Parasitology of Fishery and Aquaculture Products Unit, Boulogne-sur-Mer, France
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Merz M, Schiffer CJ, Klingl A, Ehrmann MA. Characterization of the major autolysin (AtlC) of Staphylococcus carnosus. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:77. [PMID: 38459514 PMCID: PMC10921637 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-024-03231-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autolysis by cellular peptidoglycan hydrolases (PGH) is a well-known phenomenon in bacteria. During food fermentation, autolysis of starter cultures can exert an accelerating effect, as described in many studies on cheese ripening. In contrast, very little is known about autolysis of starter cultures used in other fermentations. Staphylococcus (S.) carnosus is often used in raw sausage fermentations, contributing to nitrate reduction and flavor formation. In this study, we analyzed the influence of PGHs of the strains S. carnosus TMW 2.146 and S. carnosus TMW 2.2525 on their autolytic behavior. The staphylococcal major autolysin (Atl), a bifunctional enzyme with an N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase and a glucosaminidase as an active site, is assumed to be the enzyme by which autolysis is mainly mediated. RESULTS AtlC mutant strains showed impaired growth and almost no autolysis compared to their respective wild-type strains. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed that the mutants could no longer appropriately separate from each other during cell division, resulting in the formation of cell clusters. The surface of the mutants appeared rough with an irregular morphology compared to the smooth cell surfaces of the wild-types. Moreover, zymograms showed that eight lytic bands of S. carnosus, with a molecular mass between 140 and 35 kDa, are processed intermediates of AtlC. It was noticed that additional bands were found that had not been described in detail before and that the banding pattern changes over time. Some bands disappear entirely, while others become stronger or are newly formed. This suggests that AtlC is degraded into smaller fragments over time. A second knockout was generated for the gene encoding a N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase domain-containing protein. Still, no phenotypic differences could be detected in this mutant compared to the wild-type, implying that the autolytic activity of S. carnosus is mediated by AtlC. CONCLUSIONS In this study, two knockout mutants of S. carnosus were generated. The atlC mutant showed a significantly altered phenotype compared to the wild-type, revealing AtlC as a key factor in staphylococcal autolysis. Furthermore, we show that Atl is degraded into smaller fragments, which are still cell wall lytic active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Merz
- Chair of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Carolin J Schiffer
- Chair of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas Klingl
- Plant Development, Department Biology I - Botany, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 2-4, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Matthias A Ehrmann
- Chair of Microbiology, Technical University of Munich, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 4, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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André C, Van Camp AG, Ung L, Gilmore MS, Bispo PJM. Characterization of the resistome and predominant genetic lineages of Gram-positive bacteria causing keratitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0124723. [PMID: 38289077 PMCID: PMC10916405 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01247-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial keratitis is a vision-threatening infection mainly caused by Gram-positive bacteria (GPB). Antimicrobial therapy is commonly empirical using broad-spectrum agents with efficacy increasingly compromised by the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. We used a combination of phenotypic tests and genome sequencing to identify the predominant lineages of GPB causing keratitis and to characterize their antimicrobial resistance patterns. A total of 161 isolates, including Staphylococcus aureus (n = 86), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS; n = 34), Streptococcus spp. (n = 34), and Enterococcus faecalis (n = 7), were included. The population of S. aureus isolates consisted mainly of clonal complex 5 (CC5) (30.2%). Similarly, the population of Staphylococcus epidermidis was homogenous with most of them belonging to CC2 (78.3%). Conversely, the genetic population of Streptococcus pneumoniae was highly diverse. Resistance to first-line antibiotics was common among staphylococci, especially among CC5 S. aureus. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was commonly resistant to fluoroquinolones and azithromycin (78.6%) and tobramycin (57%). One-third of the CoNS were resistant to fluoroquinolones and 53% to azithromycin. Macrolide resistance was commonly caused by erm genes in S. aureus, mphC and msrA in CoNS, and mefA and msr(D) in streptococci. Aminoglycoside resistance in staphylococci was mainly associated with genes commonly found in mobile genetic elements and that encode for nucleotidyltransferases like ant(4')-Ib and ant(9)-Ia. Fluroquinolone-resistant staphylococci carried from 1 to 4 quinolone resistance-determining region mutations, mainly in the gyrA and parC genes. We found that GPB causing keratitis are associated with strains commonly resistant to first-line topical therapies, especially staphylococcal isolates that are frequently multidrug-resistant and associated with major hospital-adapted epidemic lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille André
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew G. Van Camp
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lawson Ung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael S. Gilmore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paulo J. M. Bispo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Infectious Disease Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Olivo G, Zakia LS, Ribeiro MG, da Cunha MDLRDS, Riboli DFM, Mello PL, Teixeira NB, de Araújo CET, Oliveira-Filho JP, Borges AS. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. investigation in hospitalized horses and contacting personnel in a teaching veterinary hospital. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 134:105031. [PMID: 38336267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococci are well-known opportunistic pathogens associated with suppurative diseases in humans and animals. Antimicrobial resistance is an emergent threat to humans and animals worldwide. This study investigated the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (MRS) in hospitalized horses and contacting personnel (veterinarians and staff), and assessed possible interspecies transmission in a teaching veterinary hospital. Nasal swabs from horses (n = 131) and humans (n = 35) were collected. The microorganisms were identified by traditional biochemical tests and genotypic methods, i.e., PCR, internal transcript spacer PCR (ITS-PCR), and gene sequencing. Staphylococcal species were isolated in 18% (23/131) of the horses, of which 8% (11/131) were S. hyicus, 4 % (5/131) were S. aureus, 4% (5/131) were S. pseudintermedius, and 2% (2/131) were S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans. The mecA gene was detected in an S. pseudintermedius isolate. Staphylococcus spp. was isolated in 40% (14/35) of the human samples, all of which were S. aureus. In four samples of S. aureus, the clonal profile ST398 was identified; among them, a clonal similarity of 98.1% was observed between a horse and a contacting human. This finding supports the need for biosecurity measures to avoid the spread of multidrug-resistant staphylococci in humans and horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovane Olivo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Luiza Stachewski Zakia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Garcia Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, 250 Professor Doctor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Flávio Morais Riboli
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, 250 Professor Doctor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Luiza Mello
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, 250 Professor Doctor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Bibiana Teixeira
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, 250 Professor Doctor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - César Erineudo Tavares de Araújo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - José Paes Oliveira-Filho
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Secorun Borges
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
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Cuny C, Layer-Nicolaou F, Werner G, Witte W. A look at staphylococci from the one health perspective. Int J Med Microbiol 2024; 314:151604. [PMID: 38367509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2024.151604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococcal species are resident and transient multihost colonizers as well as conditional pathogens. Especially S. aureus represents an excellent model bacterium for the "One Health" concept because of its dynamics at the human-animal interface and versatility with respect to host adaptation. The development of antimicrobial resistance plays another integral part. This overview will focus on studies at the human-animal interface with respect to livestock farming and to companion animals, as well as on staphylococci in wildlife. In this context transmissions of staphylococci and of antimicrobial resistance genes between animals and humans are of particular significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Cuny
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany.
| | - Franziska Layer-Nicolaou
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
| | - Guido Werner
- Division of Nosocomial Pathogens and Antibiotic Resistances, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, National Reference Centre for Staphylococci and Enterococci, Wernigerode Branch, 38855 Wernigerode, Germany
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Bayer J, Becker J, Liu X, Gritsch L, Daiber E, Korn N, Oesterhelt F, Fraunholz M, Weber A, Wolz C. Differential survival of Staphylococcal species in macrophages. Mol Microbiol 2024; 121:470-480. [PMID: 37898563 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is considered an extracellular pathogen, yet the bacterium is able to survive within and escape from host cells. An agr/sae mutant of strain USA300 is unable to escape from macrophages but can replicate and survive within. We questioned whether such "non-toxic" S. aureus resembles the less pathogenic coagulase-negative Staphylococcal (CoNS) species like S. epidermidis, S. carnosus, S. lugdunensis, S. capitis, S. warneri, or S. pettenkoferi. We show that the CoNS are more efficiently killed in macrophage-like THP-1 cells or in human primary macrophages. Mutations in katA, copL, the regulatory system graRS, or sigB did not impact bacterial survival in THP-1 cells. Deletion of the superoxide dismutases impaired S. aureus survival in primary macrophages but not in THP-1 cells. However, expression of the S. aureus-specific sodM in S. epidermidis was not sufficient to protect this species from being killed. Thus, at least in those cells, better bacterial survival of S. aureus could not be linked to higher protection from ROS. However, "non-toxic" S. aureus was found to be insensitive to pH, whereas most CoNS were protected when phagosomal acidification was inhibited. Thus, species differences are at least partially linked to differences in sensitivity to acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Bayer
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janna Becker
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Xiao Liu
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Innate Immunity, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Gritsch
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ellen Daiber
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalya Korn
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Filipp Oesterhelt
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Fraunholz
- Department of Microbiology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Weber
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Department of Innate Immunity, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christiane Wolz
- Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 "Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Minero GA, Møllebjerg A, Thiesen C, Johansen M, Jørgensen N, Birkedal V, Otzen DE, Meyer R. Extracellular G-quadruplexes and Z-DNA protect biofilms from DNase I, and G-quadruplexes form a DNAzyme with peroxidase activity. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:1575-1590. [PMID: 38296834 PMCID: PMC10939358 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Many bacteria form biofilms to protect themselves from predators or stressful environmental conditions. In the biofilm, bacteria are embedded in a protective extracellular matrix composed of polysaccharides, proteins and extracellular DNA (eDNA). eDNA most often is released from lysed bacteria or host mammalian cells, and it is the only matrix component most biofilms appear to have in common. However, little is known about the form DNA takes in the extracellular space, and how different non-canonical DNA structures such as Z-DNA or G-quadruplexes might contribute to its function in the biofilm. The aim of this study was to determine if non-canonical DNA structures form in eDNA-rich staphylococcal biofilms, and if these structures protect the biofilm from degradation by nucleases. We grew Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms in laboratory media supplemented with hemin and NaCl to stabilize secondary DNA structures and visualized their location by immunolabelling and fluorescence microscopy. We furthermore visualized the macroscopic biofilm structure by optical coherence tomography. We developed assays to quantify degradation of Z-DNA and G-quadruplex DNA oligos by different nucleases, and subsequently investigated how these enzymes affected eDNA in the biofilms. Z-DNA and G-quadruplex DNA were abundant in the biofilm matrix, and were often present in a web-like structures. In vitro, the structures did not form in the absence of NaCl or mechanical shaking during biofilm growth, or in bacterial strains deficient in eDNA or exopolysaccharide production. We thus infer that eDNA and polysaccharides interact, leading to non-canonical DNA structures under mechanical stress when stabilized by salt. We also confirmed that G-quadruplex DNA and Z-DNA was present in biofilms from infected implants in a murine implant-associated osteomyelitis model. Mammalian DNase I lacked activity against Z-DNA and G-quadruplex DNA, while Micrococcal nuclease could degrade G-quadruplex DNA and S1 Aspergillus nuclease could degrade Z-DNA. Micrococcal nuclease, which originates from Staphylococcus aureus, may thus be key for dispersal of biofilm in staphylococci. In addition to its structural role, we show for the first time that the eDNA in biofilms forms a DNAzyme with peroxidase-like activity in the presence of hemin. While peroxidases are part of host defenses against pathogens, we now show that biofilms can possess intrinsic peroxidase activity in the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Møllebjerg
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Celine Thiesen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Illemann Johansen
- Department Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens bvld 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Nis Pedersen Jørgensen
- Department Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens bvld 99, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Victoria Birkedal
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Daniel Erik Otzen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Universitetsbyen 81, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Louise Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 14, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 114, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Augusto de Oliveira MF, Agne DB, Bastos LSS, Andrade de Oliveira LM, Saintive S, Goudouris ES, do Prado EA, Fragoso Dos Santos H, da Silva Pereira R, Cavalcante FS, de Carvalho Ferreira D, Dos Santos KRN. Atopic dermatitis pediatric patients show high rates of nasal and intestinal colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. BMC Microbiol 2024; 24:42. [PMID: 38287251 PMCID: PMC10823624 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) patients have high rates of colonization by Staphylococcus aureus, which has been associated with worsening of the disease. This study characterized Staphylococcus spp isolates recovered from nares and feces of pediatric patients with AD in relation to antimicrobial susceptibility, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type, presence of pvl genes and clonality. Besides, gut bacterial community profiles were compared with those of children without AD. RESULTS All 55 AD patients evaluated had colonization by Staphylococcus spp. Fifty-three (96.4%) patients had colonization in both clinical sites, whereas one patient each was not colonize in the nares or gut. Staphylococcus aureus was identified in the nostrils and feces of 45 (81.8%) and 39 (70.9%) patients, respectively. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. isolates were found in 70.9% of the patients, and 24 (43.6%) had methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). S. aureus (55.6%) and S. epidermidis (26.5%) were the major species found. The prevalent lineages of S. aureus were USA800/SCCmecIV (47.6%) and USA1100/SCCmecIV (21.4%), and 61.9% of the evaluated patients had the same genotype in both sites. Additionally, gut bacterial profile of AD patients exhibits greater dissimilarity from the control group than it does among varying severities of AD. CONCLUSIONS High rates of nasal and intestinal colonization by S. aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolates were found in AD patients. Besides, gut bacterial profiles of AD patients were distinctly different from those of the control group, emphasizing the importance of monitoring S. aureus colonization and gut microbiome composition in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Fernandes Augusto de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Infecção Hospitalar, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, Sala I2-010, UFRJ. Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, CEP: 21941-590
| | - Daiane Bitencourt Agne
- Laboratório de Infecção Hospitalar, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, Sala I2-010, UFRJ. Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, CEP: 21941-590
| | - Ludmila Sento Sé Bastos
- Laboratório de Infecção Hospitalar, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, Sala I2-010, UFRJ. Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, CEP: 21941-590
| | - Laura Maria Andrade de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Cocos Patogênicos e Microbiota, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Simone Saintive
- Serviço de Dermatologia Pediátrica, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Ekaterini Simoes Goudouris
- Serviço de Imunologia Pediátrica, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Evandro Alves do Prado
- Serviço de Imunologia Pediátrica, Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Raphael da Silva Pereira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia e Ecologia Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Fernanda Sampaio Cavalcante
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Instituto de Ciências Médicas, Centro Multidisciplinar de Macaé, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, Brasil
| | - Dennis de Carvalho Ferreira
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Veiga de Almeida, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Estácio de Sá, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Kátia Regina Netto Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Infecção Hospitalar, Departamento de Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco I, Sala I2-010, UFRJ. Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil, CEP: 21941-590.
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11
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Hahaj-Siembida A, Nowakiewicz A, Korzeniowska-Kowal A, Szecówka K, Trościańczyk A, Zięba P, Kania MG. Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as a specific and underappreciated reservoir of resistant and virulent coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp. strains. Res Vet Sci 2024; 166:105111. [PMID: 38113638 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the presence of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus in swabs collected from red foxes and to characterize the drug resistance and virulence of these bacteria. In total, 415 rectal and oral swabs were collected, and coagulase-positive strains of S. pseudintermedius (n = 104) and S. aureus (n = 27) were identified using multiplex-PCR and MALDI TOF MS. Subsequent analyses showed the highest phenotypic resistance of the strains to penicillin (16.8%) and tetracycline (30.5%) confirmed by the presence of the blaZ, tetM, and tetK genes. Slightly lower resistance to erythromycin (6.9%), clindamycin (9.2%), gentamicin, streptogramins, rifampicin, nitrofurantoin, and sulphamethoxazol/trimetophrim was exhibited by single strains. Several virulence genes in a few different combinations were detected in S. aureus; LukE-LukD, and seB were the most frequent genes (37%), LukE-LukD, seB, and seC were detected in 11% of the strains, and PVL, etA, etB, and tst genes were present in two or single strains. The results of our research have confirmed that the red fox is an underestimated reservoir of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus strains, with approximately 50% of carriers of at least one resistance gene. In turn, 88.8% of the S. aureus strains had one or more virulence genes; therefore, this species of wildlife animals should be monitored as part of epidemiological surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Hahaj-Siembida
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aneta Nowakiewicz
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Korzeniowska-Kowal
- Polish Collection of Microorganisms (PCM), Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Kamila Szecówka
- Polish Collection of Microorganisms (PCM), Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Rudolfa Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Trościańczyk
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Przemysław Zięba
- State Veterinary Laboratory, Droga Męczenników Majdanka 50, 20-325 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Greguła Kania
- Department of Animal Breeding and Agricultural Advisory, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
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12
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Pesset CM, Fonseca COD, Antunes M, Santos ALLD, Teixeira IM, Ferreira EDO, Penna B. Biofilm formation by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius on titanium implants. Biofouling 2024; 40:88-97. [PMID: 38407199 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2024.2320721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Osteomyelitis often involves Staphylococcus spp. as the isolated genus in domestic animal cases. Implant-related infections, frequently associated with biofilm-forming microorganisms like staphylococci species, necessitate careful material selection. This study assessed biofilm formation by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius on titanium nuts used in veterinary orthopaedic surgery. Biofilm quantification employed safranin staining and spectrophotometric measurement, while bacterial counts were determined in colony-forming units (CFU). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) evaluated the biofilm morphology on the surface of titanium nuts. All samples had CFU counts. Absorbance values that evidence biofilm formation were observed in seven of the eight samples tested. SEM images revealed robust bacterial colonization, and significant extracellular polymeric substance production, and the negative control displayed surface irregularities on the nut. Whole genome sequencing revealed accessory Gene Regulator (agr) type III in six samples, agr IV and agr II in two each. Genes encoding hlb, luk-S, luk-F, siet, se_int, and the icaADCB operon were identified in all sequenced samples. Other exfoliative toxins were absent. Biofilm formation by S. pseudintermedius was detected in all samples, indicating the susceptibility of orthopaedic titanium alloys to adhesion and biofilm formation by veterinary species. The biofilm formation capacity raises concerns about potential post-surgical complications and associated costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Malcher Pesset
- Laboratory of Gram-Positive Cocci, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Carolina O da Fonseca
- Laboratory of Gram-Positive Cocci, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Milena Antunes
- Laboratory of Gram-Positive Cocci, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza L Dos Santos
- Laboratory of Gram-Positive Cocci, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Izabel Melo Teixeira
- Laboratory of Gram-Positive Cocci, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Penna
- Laboratory of Gram-Positive Cocci, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, Brazil
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González J, Hernandez L, Tabera A, Bustamante AV, Sanso AM. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus from School Dining Rooms in Argentina. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2024; 21:44-51. [PMID: 37855916 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) constitutes an important cause for concern in the field of public health, and the role of the food chain in the transmission of this pathogen and in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has not yet been defined. The objectives of this work were to isolate and characterize coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (CoPS) and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS), particularly S. aureus, from school dining rooms located in Argentina. From 95 samples that were obtained from handlers, inert surfaces, food, and air in 10 establishments, 30 Staphylococcus strains were isolated. Four isolates were S. aureus, and the remaining ones (N = 26) belonged to 11 coagulase-negative species (CoNS). The isolates were tested for susceptibility to nine antibiotics. The presence of genes encoding toxins (luk-PV, sea, seb, sec, sed, and see), adhesins (icaA, icaD), and genes that confer resistance to methicillin (mecA) and vancomycin (vanA) was investigated. The resistance rates measured for penicillin, cefoxitin, gentamicin, vancomycin, erythromycin, clindamycin, levofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline were 73%, 30%, 13%, 3%, 33%, 17%, 13%, 7%, and 7% of the isolates, respectively. Seventeen AMR profiles were detected, and 11 isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Seven methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus isolates were detected in the hands of handlers from four establishments, two of them were MRSA. Two S. aureus isolates presented icaA and icaD, another one, only icaD. The gene vanA was found in two isolates. In relation to S. aureus, resistance to vancomycin but not to gentamicin was detected. School feeding plays a key role in the nutrition of children, and the consumption of food contaminated with MRSA and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) can be a serious threat to health. In particular, it was detected that the handlers were the source of MRSA, VRSA, MR-CoNS (methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus), and MDR isolates. The results obtained indicate that the vigilance of this pathogen in school dining rooms should be extreme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana González
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de los Alimentos, Departamento de Tecnología y Calidad de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Hernandez
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Anahí Tabera
- Laboratorio de Microbiología de los Alimentos, Departamento de Tecnología y Calidad de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Victoria Bustamante
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea Mariel Sanso
- Laboratorio de Inmunoquímica y Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, UNCPBA, Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Morgado S, Freitas F, Caldart R, Fonseca E, Vicente AC. In-silico genomic characterization of Staphylococcus haemolyticus on a global scale: lineages, resistome, and virulome. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:18-24. [PMID: 37992430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus haemolyticus belongs to the Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS), exhibiting the highest levels of antibiotic resistance within this group of bacteria. This species has been increasingly implicated in nosocomial and animal infections worldwide, with a prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus (MRSH). Most information about this organism comes from regional analyzes or with the absence of typing data, thus not revealing the real role of S. haemolyticus strains in world public health. METHODS Here, we performed an enhanced global epidemiological analysis considering all available S. haemolyticus genomes from all continents, including genomes of nosocomial, environmental, and animal origin (n = 310). Furthermore, we added original genomic information from a clinical MRSH from the Brazilian Amazon region. The resistome and virulome of the genomes were associated with their mobilome, being inferred based on the presence of specific genes and databases such as CARD, VFDB, and PlasmidFinder, respectively. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis revealed three main groups, the main one covering most of the clinical clonal complex 3 (CC3) genomes in the world. The virulome of some genomes in this cluster showed the complete capsule operon (capA-capM). Importantly, this virulome trait could be associated with the mobilome, since the capsule operon, as well as a whole set of genes of the type VII secretion system, were observed in plasmids. In addition, the resistome of the main cluster (CC3) was larger, characterized mainly by the presence of the mecA gene, in addition to a set of other genes (aad, aac-aph, aph, erm), contrasting with the poor resistome of the other two clusters. Several insertion sequences were identified, some of them linked to specific clusters, and resistance genes, such as the rare cfrA (IS257). CONCLUSIONS Therefore, successful lineages of CC3 S. haemolyticus causing human infections are widespread worldwide, raising concern about the impact of this scenario on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Morgado
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel Caldart
- Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil
| | - Erica Fonseca
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Vicente
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Microorganisms, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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15
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Wiśniewski P, Gajewska J, Zadernowska A, Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W. Identification of the Enterotoxigenic Potential of Staphylococcus spp. from Raw Milk and Raw Milk Cheeses. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 16:17. [PMID: 38251234 PMCID: PMC10819113 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to genotypic and phenotypic analyses of the enterotoxigenic potential of Staphylococcus spp. isolated from raw milk and raw milk cheeses. The presence of genes encoding staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs), including the classical enterotoxins (sea-see), non-classical enterotoxins (seg-seu), exfoliative toxins (eta-etd) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (tst-1) were investigated. Isolates positive for classical enterotoxin genes were then tested by SET-RPLA methods for toxin expression. Out of 75 Staphylococcus spp. (19 Staphylococcus aureus and 56 CoNS) isolates from raw milk (49/65.3%) and raw milk cheese samples (26/34.7%), the presence of enterotoxin genes was confirmed in 73 (97.3%) of them. Only one isolate from cheese sample (1.3%) was able to produce enterotoxin (SED). The presence of up to eight different genes encoding enterotoxins was determined simultaneously in the staphylococcal genome. The most common toxin gene combination was sek, eta present in fourteen isolates (18.7%). The tst-1 gene was present in each of the analyzed isolates from cheese samples (26/34.7%). Non-classical enterotoxins were much more frequently identified in the genome of staphylococcal isolates than classical SEs. The current research also showed that genes tagged in S. aureus were also identified in CoNS, and the total number of different genes detected in CoNS was seven times higher than in S. aureus. The obtained results indicate that, in many cases, the presence of a gene in Staphylococcus spp. is not synonymous with the ability of enterotoxins production. The differences in the number of isolates with genes encoding SEs and enterotoxin production may be mainly due to the limit of detection of the toxin production method used. This indicates the need to use high specificity and sensitivity methods for detecting enterotoxin in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Wiśniewski
- Department of Food Microbiology, Meat Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury, Plac Cieszyński 1, 10-726 Olsztyn, Poland; (J.G.); (A.Z.); (W.C.-W.)
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16
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Skaar EP. Biogeography of the genus Staphylococci on human skin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2318509120. [PMID: 38019842 PMCID: PMC10722967 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2318509120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eric P. Skaar
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN37232
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Whelan L, Leal J, Barkema HW, Leslie M, McClure JA, Zhang K, May ER. Baseline prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in patients who develop a surgical site infection in hip and knee replacements: A brief report. Am J Infect Control 2023; 51:1449-1451. [PMID: 37353054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Prior to clean surgeries, decolonization with topical antimicrobials may lead to an increase in antimicrobial resistance. To provide a baseline prevalence of resistance to topical antimicrobials, in Alberta, specimens were collected from surgical site infections following hip and knee replacements. Among 81 samples with complex surgical site infections, in 43 specimens Staphylococcus species were isolated. Only coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates carried resistance genes with 10 carrying the gene qac and 6 carrying the MupA gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Whelan
- Departments of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services, AMR-One Health Consortium, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Jenine Leal
- Departments of Community Health Sciences, and Microbiology Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, AMR-One Health Consortium, Infection Prevention and Control, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AMR-One Health Consortium, One Health at UCalgary, University of Calgary Biostatistics Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, and School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, AMR-One Health Consortium, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Myles Leslie
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, and School of Public Policy, University of Calgary, AMR-One Health Consortium, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jo-Ann McClure
- Departments of Medicine, Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Alberta Health Services, Calgary/Alberta Provincial Laboratories/University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kunyan Zhang
- Departments of Medicine, Centre for Antimicrobial Resistance, Alberta Health Services/Alberta Provincial Laboratories /University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Departments of Medicine, The Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elissa Rennert May
- Departments of Medicine, and Community Health Sciences, and Microbiology Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Departments of Medcine, O'Brien Institute for Public Health and Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, AMR-One Health Consortium, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Abdullahi IN, Lozano C, Zarazaga M, Trabelsi I, Reuben RC, Stegger M, Torres C. Nasal staphylococci microbiota and resistome in healthy adults in La Rioja, northern Spain: High frequency of toxigenic S. aureus and MSSA-CC398 subclade. Infect Genet Evol 2023; 116:105529. [PMID: 38013047 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the nasal staphylococci diversity and characterized their resistome, with a focus on the mobilome of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)-CC398 subclade from healthy adults in La Rioja (northern Spain). Nasal staphylococci recovered from 57 healthy individuals (HI) were identified (MALDI-TOF-MS) and their antimicrobial resistance, virulence determinants and genetic lineages were studied. The relatedness of MSSA-CC398 isolates was assessed by core-genome single-nucleotide-polymorphisms (SNPs). One-hundred-forty-three non-repetitive staphylococci were obtained from most HI (98.2%), of which S. epidermidis (87.7%) and S. aureus (36.8%) were the predominant species. About 15% of the 27 S. aureus and 30.1% of the 116 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates presented a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. All S. aureus isolates were MSSA but 30.2% of CoNS isolates were mecA-positive and carried SCCmec types III, IV, and V. The highest non-beta-lactam resistance (frequency/genes) in S. aureus and CoNS were: erythromycin-clindamycin-inducible (25.9%/ermT, ermC) and mupirocin (30.1%/mupA), respectively. About 85% of S. aureus isolates carried relevant virulence genes. Eight clonal complexes (CCs) of MSSA were identified, of which CC398 was the predominant (33.3%). About 78% of the CC398 isolates harboured rep13-bound ermT gene, however, one carried a rep10-bound ermC gene. Only the ermT-positive MSSA-CC398 isolates were closely related (<50 SNPs) and carried the φSa3. Diverse MDR-S. epidermidis isolates were identified which included the lineages ST59 and ST210. The high rate of toxigenic S. aureus and of MSSA-CC398 subclade highlight the ability of HI to carry and transmit virulent isolates. Moreover, the high frequency of MDR-CoNS, often linked with SCCmec, needs to be monitored for their potential human health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idris Nasir Abdullahi
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Islem Trabelsi
- Bioresources, Environment and Biotechnology Laboratory, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rine Christopher Reuben
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Marc Stegger
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark; Antimicrobial Resistance and Infectious Diseases Laboratory, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
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Seker E, Ozenc E, Turedi OK, Yilmaz M. Prevalence of mecA and pvl genes in coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis in smallholder dairy farms in Turkey. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:2427-2432. [PMID: 35792781 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2094802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the presence of mecA and pvl genes in coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CNS) species isolated from bovine mastitis in smallholder dairy farms by using PCR. A total of 602 mammary quarter milk samples belong to 170 cows with mastitis were used. Identification of species was achieved by using the commercial Gram-positive identification kit and a total of 52 (8.6%) CNS species were isolated. The most frequently isolated species was Staphylococcus capitis (n = 15, 28.8%), followed by Staphylococcus saccharolyticus (n = 12, 23.1%), Staphylococcus simulans (n = 8, 15.4%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (n = 5, 9.6%), Staphylococcus cohnii (n = 4, 7.7%), Staphylococcus lentus (n = 4, 7.7%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 2, 3.8%) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (n = 2, 3.8%). The mecA gene positivity was found in the 13 (25%) of strains. Of the strains carrying mecA gene, eight also harbored the pvl gene. A total of pvl gene positivity was found as 30.8% (n = 16) in 52 CNS species. In conclusion, the present study showed that CNS isolated from cows with mastitis may be reservoir of mecA and pvl genes. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing the presence of mecA and pvl genes in CNS species isolated from bovine with mastitis in the smallholder dairy farms in Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Seker
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Erhan Ozenc
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Oguz Kagan Turedi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Muesser Yilmaz
- Karaçoban District Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry, Republic of Turkey Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Erzurum, Turkey
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20
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Teixeira IM, Guimarães L, da Silva IT, Fonseca C, Assumpção Y, Lima Dos Santos AL, Antunes M, Pesset C, Ferreira E, Penna B. High prevalence of Panton-Valentine Leucocidin among Staphylococcus coagulans isolated from dogs in Rio de Janeiro. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad256. [PMID: 37943996 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to characterize the capacity for biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance rates, and search for genetic determinants of resistance and virulence in the species. METHODS AND RESULTS Strains were collected from asymptomatic and infected dogs. Identification was conducted using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF), antimicrobial susceptibility using disk diffusion and PCR targeting mecA. Biofilm formation was evaluated on a microtiter plate assay. A total of 27 strains were selected for whole-genome sequencing. We identified 111 Staphylococcus coagulans. The highest number was obtained from infected dogs. The highest resistance rates were observed for penicillin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin/erythromycin. Twelve strains were characterized as resistant to methicillin. All isolates had the ability to form biofilm and were strong producers. Among Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus coagulans (MRSC), SCCmec types IIIA, and Vc were identified. Acquired resistance genes, such as aac(6')-aph(2''), tet(K), blaZ, qacG, qacJ, and erm(C) were found. Different virulence genes were identified. Of note, Panton-Valentine Leucocidin was highly prevalent among the isolates. CONCLUSION Staphylococcus coagulans had a high isolation rate among infected dogs and demonstrated significant resistance to commonly used antibiotics such as penicillin and gentamicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabel M Teixeira
- Laboratório de Biologia de Anaeróbios, Depto. Microbiologia Médica, IMPG, UFRJ, 21941-902 - Rio de janeiro - Brazil
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Depto. de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, 24210-130 - Niteroi - Brazil
| | - Luciana Guimarães
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Depto. de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, 24210-130 - Niteroi - Brazil
| | - Isabella T da Silva
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Depto. de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, 24210-130 - Niteroi - Brazil
| | - Carolina Fonseca
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Depto. de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, 24210-130 - Niteroi - Brazil
| | - Yasmim Assumpção
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Depto. de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, 24210-130 - Niteroi - Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Lima Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Depto. de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, 24210-130 - Niteroi - Brazil
| | - Milena Antunes
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Depto. de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, 24210-130 - Niteroi - Brazil
| | - Camilla Pesset
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Depto. de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, 24210-130 - Niteroi - Brazil
| | - Eliane Ferreira
- Laboratório de Biologia de Anaeróbios, Depto. Microbiologia Médica, IMPG, UFRJ, 21941-902 - Rio de janeiro - Brazil
| | - Bruno Penna
- Laboratório de Cocos Gram Positivos, Depto. de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, UFF, 24210-130 - Niteroi - Brazil
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Duraiswamy S, Agarwalla S, Lok KS, Tse YY, Wu R, Wang Z. A multiplex Taqman PCR assay for MRSA detection from whole blood. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294782. [PMID: 38011181 PMCID: PMC10681265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes a wide range of hospital and community-acquired infections worldwide. MRSA is associated with worse clinical outcomes that can lead to multiple organ failure, septic shock, and death, making timely diagnosis of MRSA infections very crucial. In the present work, we develop a method that enables the positive enrichment of bacteria from spiked whole blood using protein coated magnetic beads, followed by their lysis, and detection by a real-time multiplex PCR directly. The assay targeted bacterial 16S rRNA, S. aureus (spa) and methicillin resistance (mecA). In addition, an internal control (lambda phage) was added to determine the assay's true negative. To validate this assay, staphylococcal and non-staphylococcal bacterial strains were used. The three-markers used in this study were detected as expected by monomicrobial and poly-microbial models of the S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). The thermal cycling completed within 30 mins, delivering 100% specificity. The detection LoD of the pre-processing step was ∼ 1 CFU/mL from 2-5mL of whole blood and that of PCR was ∼ 1pg of NA. However, the combined protocol led to a lower detection limit of 100-1000 MRSA CFUs/mL. The main issue with the method developed is in the pre-processing of blood which will be the subject of our future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhanya Duraiswamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sushama Agarwalla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Khoi Sheng Lok
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yee Yung Tse
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Ruige Wu
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
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22
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Si W, Li M, Wang K, Li J, Xu M, Zhou X, Bai J, Qu Z, Song G, Wu X, Guo Y, Hu H, Fu D, Yang Z, Wu M, Yan D, Song X, Tian Z. Staphylococcus warneri strain XSB102 exacerbates psoriasis and promotes keratinocyte proliferation in imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis mice. Arch Microbiol 2023; 206:3. [PMID: 37991548 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Psoriasis is one of the common chronic inflammatory skin diseases worldwide. The skin microbiota plays a role in psoriasis through regulating skin homeostasis. However, the studies on the interactions between symbiotic microbial strains and psoriasis are limited. In this study, Staphylococcus strain XSB102 was isolated from the skin of human, which was identified as Staphylococcus warneri using VITEK2 Compact. To reveal the roles of Staphylococcus warneri on psoriasis, XSB102 were applied on the back of imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis mice. The results indicated that it exacerbated the psoriasis and significantly increased the thickening of the epidermis. Furthermore, in vitro experiments confirmed that inactivated strain XSB102 could promote the proliferation of human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT) cell. However, real-time quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence results suggested that the expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-17a, IL-6, and so on were not significantly increased, while extracellular matrix related factors such as Col6a3 and TGIF2 were significantly increased after XSB102 administration. This study indicates that Staphylococcus warneri XSB102 can exacerbate psoriasis and promote keratinocyte proliferation independently of inflammatory factors, which paves the way for further exploration of the relationship between skin microbiota and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Si
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Min Li
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Kuan Wang
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Jialin Li
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Mengke Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhou
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Zhiyuan Qu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Guoyan Song
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xueya Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Hua Hu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Dandan Fu
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Zishan Yang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Minna Wu
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China
| | - Dong Yan
- Xinxiang Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Xiangfeng Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
| | - Zhongwei Tian
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
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23
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Joglekar P, Conlan S, Lee-Lin SQ, Deming C, Kashaf SS, Kong HH, Segre JA. Integrated genomic and functional analyses of human skin-associated Staphylococcus reveal extensive inter- and intra-species diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310585120. [PMID: 37956283 PMCID: PMC10666031 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310585120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human skin is stably colonized by a distinct microbiota that functions together with epidermal cells to maintain a protective physical barrier. Staphylococcus, a prominent genus of the skin microbiota, participates in colonization resistance, tissue repair, and host immune regulation in strain-specific manners. To unlock the potential of engineering skin microbial communities, we aim to characterize the diversity of this genus within the context of the skin environment. We reanalyzed an extant 16S rRNA amplicon dataset obtained from distinct body sites of healthy volunteers, providing a detailed biogeographic depiction of staphylococcal species that colonize our skin. S. epidermidis, S. capitis, and S. hominis were the most abundant staphylococcal species present in all volunteers and were detected at all body sites. Pan-genome analysis of isolates from these three species revealed that the genus-core was dominated by central metabolism genes. Species-restricted-core genes encoded known host colonization functions. The majority (~68%) of genes were detected only in a fraction of isolate genomes, underscoring the immense strain-specific gene diversity. Conspecific genomes grouped into phylogenetic clades, exhibiting body site preference. Each clade was enriched for distinct gene sets that are potentially involved in site tropism. Finally, we conducted gene expression studies of select isolates showing variable growth phenotypes in skin-like medium. In vitro expression revealed extensive intra- and inter-species gene expression variation, substantially expanding the functional diversification within each species. Our study provides an important resource for future ecological and translational studies to examine the role of shared and strain-specific staphylococcal genes within the skin environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Joglekar
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Sean Conlan
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Shih-Queen Lee-Lin
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Clay Deming
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Sara Saheb Kashaf
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | | | - Heidi H. Kong
- Cutaneous Microbiome and Inflammation Section, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
| | - Julia A. Segre
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD20892
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Sawhney SS, Vargas RC, Wallace MA, Muenks CE, Lubbers BV, Fritz SA, Burnham CAD, Dantas G. Diagnostic and commensal Staphylococcus pseudintermedius genomes reveal niche adaptation through parallel selection of defense mechanisms. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7065. [PMID: 37923729 PMCID: PMC10624692 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is historically understood as a prevalent commensal and pathogen of dogs, though modern clinical diagnostics reveal an expanded host-range that includes humans. It remains unclear whether differentiation across S. pseudintermedius populations is driven primarily by niche-type or host-species. We sequenced 501 diagnostic and commensal isolates from a hospital, veterinary diagnostic laboratory, and within households in the American Midwest, and performed a comparative genomics investigation contrasting human diagnostic, animal diagnostic, human colonizing, pet colonizing, and household-surface S. pseudintermedius isolates. Though indistinguishable by core and accessory gene architecture, diagnostic isolates harbor more encoded and phenotypic resistance, whereas colonizing and surface isolates harbor similar CRISPR defense systems likely reflective of common household phage exposures. Furthermore, household isolates that persist through anti-staphylococcal decolonization report elevated rates of base-changing mutations in - and parallel evolution of - defense genes, as well as reductions in oxacillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole susceptibility. Together we report parallel niche-specific bolstering of S. pseudintermedius defense mechanisms through gene acquisition or mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjam S Sawhney
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rhiannon C Vargas
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Meghan A Wallace
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carol E Muenks
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian V Lubbers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Stephanie A Fritz
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Carey-Ann D Burnham
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Gautam Dantas
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Laboratory and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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25
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Yao H, Xing H, Wang N, Zhang L, Schwarz S, Li C, Cai C, Xu C, Du XD. IS257-mediated amplification of tet(L) variant as a novel mechanism of enhanced tigecycline resistance in Staphylococcus cohnii. Res Microbiol 2023; 174:104114. [PMID: 37572822 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2023.104114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of enhanced tigecycline MIC in Staphylococcus cohnii after in vitro tigecycline exposure was investigated. S. cohnii 11-B-312 was exposed to incremental concentrations of tigecycline (2-32 mg/L) and the mutants growing at 8, 16 and 32 mg/L were determined by AST and WGS. Copy number and relative transcription level of the tet(L) gene were determined by quantitative PCR. The fitness cost was evaluated by growth kinetics and competition assays. The results revealed that enhanced tigecycline MIC was identified in S. cohnii mutants. Copy number and relative transcription level of tet(L) in the mutants increased 8-, 20-, and 23-fold and 20-, 34-, and 39-fold in the presence of 8, 16, and 32 mg/L tigecycline, respectively. The read-mapping depth ratio analysis indicated that a multidrug resistance region carrying the tet(L) variant has a gradually increased copy number, correlating with the tigecycline selection pressure. S. cohnii strain 11-B-312_32 had a fitness cost, and enhanced tigecycline MIC can revert to the initial level in the absence of tigecycline. In summary, enhanced tigecycline MIC develops with extensive amplification of an IS257-flanked tet(L)-carrying segment in S. cohnii. IS257 seems to play a vital role in the gain and loss of the amplification product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Hongjie Xing
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Nannan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Likuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Veterinary Centre of Resistance Research (TZR), Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chenglong Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Chang Cai
- College of Arts, Business, Law and Social Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Chunyan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
| | - Xiang-Dang Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China.
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26
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Sorour HK, Shalaby AG, Abdelmagid MA, Hosny RA. Characterization and pathogenicity of multidrug-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci isolates in chickens. Int Microbiol 2023; 26:989-1000. [PMID: 37055707 PMCID: PMC10622361 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenic potential of vancomycin and methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococci (VMRCoNS) on Egyptian poultry farms has received little attention. Therefore, this study aims to study the prevalence of CoNS in imported poultry flocks and commercial poultry farms, evaluate the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes (sea, seb, sec, sed, see, and mecA), and assess their pathogenicity in broiler chicks. Seven species were identified among 25 isolates, such as 8 S. gallinarum, 5 S. saprophyticus, 5 S. chromogens, 3 S. warneri, 2 S. hominis, 1 S. caprae, and 1 S. epidermidis. All isolates were resistant to clindamycin, doxycycline, vancomycin, methicillin, rifampicin, and penicillin. The mecA gene was confirmed in 14 isolates, while the sed gene was revealed in seven isolates. Commercial 1-day-old Ross broiler chicks were divided into eight groups of three replicates (10 birds/group): group Ӏ was negative control; groups (П, Ш, IV, V, VI, VII, and VIII) were subcutaneously inoculated with 108 CFUml-1 of S. hominis, S. caprae, S. epidermidis, S. gallinarum, S. chromogens, S. warneri, and S. saprophyticus, respectively. Groups VIII and V had mortality rates of 100% and 20%, respectively, with no evidence of mortalities in the other groups. The highest re-isolation of CoNS species was recorded in groups VII, VIII, and V. Postmortem and histopathological examination revealed the common presence of polyserositis in the internal organs, and hepatic and myocardial necrosis in groups IV, V, and VI. These findings revealed the pathogenic potential of CoNS, so special attention must be directed toward their public health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hend K Sorour
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azhar G Shalaby
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa A Abdelmagid
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reham A Hosny
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
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Santos ICD, Barbosa LN, Sposito PH, Silva KRD, Caldart ET, Costa LMB, Martins LA, Gonçalves DD. Presence and Resistance Profile of Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Slaughtered Pigs. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2023; 23:576-582. [PMID: 37695815 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2022.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to isolate Staphylococcus spp. and to characterize the resistance profile in nasal samples from pigs slaughtered for consumption. Material and Methods: Intranasal swabs were collected from 100 pigs immediately after bleeding in a slaughterhouse located in the largest pork production region in Brazil, these samples were cultured and isolated to identify Staphylococcus spp. in coagulase positive (CoPS) and coagulase negative (CoNS) and molecular identification of Staphylococcus aureus and then subjected to the disk-diffusion test to identify the bacterial resistance profile and search for the mecA gene. Results: Of the 100 samples collected, it was possible to isolate 79 Staphylococcus spp., of these, 72.15% were classified as CoNS and 27.85% of the isolates classified as CoPS. Among the CoPS isolates, 77.27% were identified as S. aureus. Through the disk-diffusion test, it was possible to verify isolates resistant to clindamycin and erythromycin (98.73%), chloramphenicol (93.67%), and doxycycline (89.87%). There was amplification of the mecA gene in 30.38% of Staphylococcus spp. Conclusion: The results of this study highlight the need for the careful use of antibiotics in swine production, in addition to aiming at continuous surveillance in relation to the rate of multiresistant microorganisms within these environments, focused on large industrial centers; such results also indicate the importance of understanding, through future studies, possible pathways to transmission of these microorganisms directly, or indirectly, through meat products derived from these pigs, which can be considered neglected diffusers of variants of Staphylococcus spp. resistant to antibiotics or carriers of important resistance genes related to One Health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paulo Henrique Sposito
- Médico Veterinário do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, MAPA/DF, Brasilia, Brasil
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28
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Król J, Wanecka A, Twardoń J, Florek M, Marynowska M, Banaszkiewicz S, Kaczmarek-Pieńczewska A, Pląskowska E, Brodala M, Chwirot W, Korzeniowska-Kowal A, De Buck J. Staphylococcus borealis - A newly identified pathogen of bovine mammary glands. Vet Microbiol 2023; 286:109876. [PMID: 37776630 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Twelve Staphylococcus borealis strains, isolated in Canada and Poland from milk of cows with intramammary infections, were characterized phenotypically (biochemical reactions on ID 32 STAPH and Biolog Phenotype MicroArrays™ PM1 and PM2A, ability of biofilm production) and genotypically (random amplified polymorphic DNA). In addition, a genomic comparison was done with S. borealis strains of human and porcine origin using the multilocus sequence typing (MLST) technique. The bovine isolates showed a high degree of phenotypic and genotypic diversity, however, they could be differentiated from human strains by the negative test for urease (found in all but one bovine isolate examined with ID 32 STAPH) and positive reaction for D-galactose (on Biolog phenotype microarray PM1) and D-lactose (on both commercial systems). The MLST method, utilizing six concatenated genes of the total length of ∼2930 bp, revealed that bovine strains (irrespective of the country of origin) show a distinctly greater degree of mutual relationship than to the strains of human and porcine origin, suggesting that S. borealis has evolved independently in these hosts. In conclusion, bovine-specific S. borealis can be involved in intramammary infections in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarosław Król
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, St. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Anna Wanecka
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, St. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jan Twardoń
- Department of Reproduction and Clinic of Farm Animals, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Pl. Grunwaldzki 49, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Florek
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, St. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maja Marynowska
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, St. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sylwia Banaszkiewicz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health Protection, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, St. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Kaczmarek-Pieńczewska
- Department of Plant Protection, Division of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pląskowska
- Department of Plant Protection, Division of Plant Pathology and Mycology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 24a, 50-363 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Maria Brodala
- Student of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Chwirot
- Student of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Korzeniowska-Kowal
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, St. Weigla 12, 53-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jeroen De Buck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary T2N 4N1, Alberta, Canada
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Toyomane K, Akutsu T, Watanabe K, Yamagishi T, Kubota S. Potential application of Staphylococcus species detection in the specific identification of saliva. Leg Med (Tokyo) 2023; 65:102320. [PMID: 37657351 DOI: 10.1016/j.legalmed.2023.102320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
When found at crime scenes, saliva constitutes forensically relevant evidence. Although several tests have been developed to effectively identify saliva in such circumstances, most cannot discriminate between saliva and nasal secretion. Recently, studies have developed saliva tests involving oral bacteria as salivary markers. Although the specificity of such tests has been evaluated on most biological specimens, their specificity for nasal secretion samples remains to be tested. Herein, to improve the specificity of the saliva detection tests for nasal secretion samples, we reanalyzed a public microbiome dataset and conducted inhouse 16S rRNA sequencing to identify a new marker to distinguish between saliva and nasal secretions. The sequencing data indicated the existence of oral bacteria such as Streptococcus in nasal secretion samples, which may be responsible for the false positives in the saliva tests. Furthermore, we found that including the 16S rRNA gene of the genus Staphylococcus as a nasal secretion marker may improve the specificity of PCR-based saliva tests for nasal secretion samples. In addition, we assessed the specificity of previously developed salivary bacteria detection tests for nasal secretion samples and oral bacterial markers were detected in two of eight nasal secretion samples, which led to the false positive results for saliva detection. Thus, the specificity of such tests can be improved by adding Staphylococcus as a nasal marker, as revealed by our sequencing analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kochi Toyomane
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan.
| | - Tomoko Akutsu
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Ken Watanabe
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yamagishi
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kubota
- National Research Institute of Police Science, 6-3-1 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
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Hefzy EM, Radwan TEE, Hozayen BMM, Mahmoud EE, Khalil MAF. Antiseptics and mupirocin resistance in clinical, environmental, and colonizing coagulase negative Staphylococcus isolates. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:110. [PMID: 37794413 PMCID: PMC10552417 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are opportunistic and nosocomial pathogens. The excessive use of antimicrobial agents, including antiseptics, represents one of the world's major public health problems. This study aimed to test the susceptibility of CoNS to antiseptics. METHODS Out of 250 specimens collected from different sections of the hospital, 55 samples were identified as CoNS, categorized into three groups based on their sources: environmental samples (n = 32), healthcare worker carriers samples (n = 14), and clinical infection samples (n = 9). Isolates were examined for susceptibility to antibiotics and antiseptics, such as benzalkonium chloride (BC), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHDG). Mupirocin and antiseptic resistance genes, as well as the mecA gene, were detected using polymerase chain reaction. CoNS isolates with notable resistance to antiseptics and antibiotics were identified using the API-Staph system. RESULTS A high frequency of multidrug resistance among CoNS clinical infection isolates was observed. Approximately half of the CoNS isolates from healthcare workers were susceptible to CHDG, but 93% were resistant to BC and CTAB. The frequency of antiseptics and antibiotics resistance genes in CoNS isolates was as follows: qacA/B (51/55; 92.7%), smr (22/55; 40.0%), qacG (1/55; 1.8%), qacH (6/55; 10.9%), qacJ (4/55; 7.3%), mecA (35/55; 63.6%), mupB (10/55; 18.2%), and mupA (7/55; 12.7%). A significant difference in the prevalence of smr gene and qacJ genes between CoNS isolates from healthcare workers and other isolates was reported (P value = 0.032 and ˂0.001, respectively). Four different CoNS species; S. epidermidis, S. chromogene, S. haemolyticus, and S. hominis, were identified by API. CONCLUSIONS CoNS isolates colonizing healthcare workers showed a high prevalence of antiseptic resistance genes, while clinical infection samples were more resistant to antibiotics. CHDG demonstrated greater efficacy than BC and CTAB in our hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas Mamdouh Hefzy
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, 63514, Egypt.
| | | | - Basma M M Hozayen
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Eman E Mahmoud
- Department of Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A F Khalil
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
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31
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Kamala K, Sivaperumal P. Prevalence of enterotoxin genes of Staphylococcus sp. isolated from marine fish to reveal seafood contamination. Mar Pollut Bull 2023; 195:115464. [PMID: 37666137 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Seafood is a valuable nutritional source, but it is highly susceptible to bacterial contamination, posing a severe health risk to humans. Enterotoxin-producing genes carrying Staphylococcus sp. are a significant concern in marine fish. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of enterotoxin genes in Staphylococcus sp. isolated from 17 common fish species and emphasise the need for improving seafood quality and hygiene. The potential risks of contamination by enterotoxin-producing Staphylococcus sp. were assessed. The results indicated the risk associated with the consumption of contaminated seafood, especially from marketed and frozen samples. Gene expression analysis on a heat map revealed that samples stored in markets are heavily loaded with Staphylococcus enterotoxin genes due to the unhygienic water that was used from the local markets for fish processing. To enhance seafood quality, effective measures on handling and storage should be regularly monitored, and they must be implemented throughout the local seafood markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannan Kamala
- Centre for Marine Actinobacterial Research (CMAR), Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pitchiah Sivaperumal
- Marine Biomedical Research Lab & Environmental Toxicology Unit, Centre for Marine Research and Conservation, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Andrade-Oliveira AL, Lacerda-Rodrigues G, Pereira MF, Bahia AC, Machado EDA, Rossi CC, Giambiagi-deMarval M. Tenebrio molitor as a model system to study Staphylococcus spp virulence and horizontal gene transfer. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106304. [PMID: 37567328 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Invertebrates can provide a valuable alternative to traditional vertebrate animal models for studying bacterial and fungal infections. This study aimed to establish the larvae of the coleoptera Tenebrio molitor (mealworm) as an in vivo model for evaluating virulence and horizontal gene transfer between Staphylococcus spp. After identifying the best conditions for rearing T. molitor, larvae were infected with different Staphylococcus species, resulting in dose-dependent killing curves. All species tested killed the insects at higher doses, with S. nepalensis and S. aureus being the most and least virulent, respectively. However, only S. nepalensis was able to kill more than 50% of larvae 72 h post-infection at a low amount of 105 CFU. Staphylococcus infection also stimulated an increase in the concentration of hemocytes present in the hemolymph, which was proportional to the virulence. To investigate T. molitor's suitability as an in vivo model for plasmid transfer studies, we used S. aureus strains as donor and recipient of a plasmid containing the gentamicin resistance gene aac(6')-aph(2″). By inoculating larvae with non-lethal doses of each, we observed conjugation, and obtained transconjugant colonies with a frequency of 1.6 × 10-5 per donor cell. This study demonstrates the potential of T. molitor larvae as a reliable and cost-effective model for analyzing the virulence of Staphylococcus and, for the first time, an optimal environment for the plasmid transfer between S. aureus carrying antimicrobial resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Andrade-Oliveira
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Geovana Lacerda-Rodrigues
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Monalessa Fábia Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais, Carangola, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Bahia
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ednildo de Alcântara Machado
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ciro César Rossi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcia Giambiagi-deMarval
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Zhou J, Yang C, Lei W, Xu M, Cai X, Yuan W, Lin H. Identification and characterization of SCCmec typing with psm-mec positivity in staphylococci from patients with coagulase-negative staphylococci peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:267. [PMID: 37742008 PMCID: PMC10517493 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritonitis is the most important complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) are a frequent cause of dialysis-related infections. The association between SCCmec typing with psm-mec positivity in staphylococci and PD-related infections has not been identified. We aim to investigate the molecular epidemiology of CNS isolated from PD-peritonitis in a single Chinese center, focusing on the genetic determinants conferring methicillin resistance. METHODS We collected 10 genetically unrelated CNS isolates from 10 patients with CNS PD-related peritonitis. The patients were divided into two groups based on the results of MIC to oxacillin: the methicillin-resistant CNS (MRCNS) and methicillin-sensitive CNS (MSCNS) groups. The biofilm formation group (BFG) and the non-biofilm formation group (NBFG) were used as the control groups. Phenotypic and molecular methods were used to analyze SCCmec types I, II and III, associated genes and biofilm formation and the existence of psm-mec. The demographic data and clinical indicators were collected. RESULTS Ten CNS PD-related peritonitis patients were enrolled for this study. There were 6 MRCNS and 4 MRCNS isolates. SCCmec types were fully determined in 10 isolates. Seven staphylococci (70%) carried SCCmec, of which 4 isolates carried single SCCmec type I (40%) and 3 isolates had multiple SCCmec elements (I + III). Of the 6 MRCNS isolates, 3 carried SCCmec type I (50%) and 2 isolates carried SCCmec type I + III (33.3%). A high diversity of ccr types, mec complexes and ccr-mec complex combinations was identified among the 10 CNS isolates. The psm-mec gene was detected in 2/10 (20%) CNS isolates. There was no mutation in the psm-mec gene. CONCLUSIONS The majority of isolates were hospital-associated isolates. Furthermore, 2 psm-mec positive isolates were MRCNS in the NBFG. The PD patients frequent exposure to hospital would be the main risk factor. The presence of the psm-mec signal in the spectra of the MRCNS tested here demonstrates the presence of certain SCCmec cassettes that convey methicillin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Haikou People's Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, China
| | - Chuishun Yang
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Haikou People's Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, China
| | - Wenjuan Lei
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Haikou People's Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, China
| | - Man Xu
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Haikou People's Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, China
| | - Xingli Cai
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Haikou People's Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, Haikou, China
| | - Wanqiong Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, No. 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, Beijing, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Hua Lin
- Department of Nursing, Haikou People's Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medicine, 43 Renmin Road, Haidian Island, Haikou, China.
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Zhou W, Jin Y, Shen P, Chen W, Chen Y, Xiao Y. Novel SCCmec variants in clonal complex 398 and lineage-specific pseudo-SCCmec identified in ST88 MRSA from invasive bloodstream infections in China. J Antimicrob Chemother 2023; 78:2366-2375. [PMID: 37552647 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkad250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus is primarily due to the mecA gene found in highly diverse staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) elements, with an increasing number of variants being continually discovered. OBJECTIVES To characterize two novel SCCmec variants identified in clonal complex (CC) 398 strains and lineage-specific pseudo-SCCmec elements in the ST88 clone. METHODS WGS and comparative genomic analysis were used to elucidate the SCCmec element diversity of representative isolates. RESULTS The non-typeable 47 kb SCCmec found in the CC398 strain SKLX55795 represents a novel subtype of XIV, showing significant differences in structural organization and genetic content within the joining regions compared with the XIV element from the prototype strain SC792. This unique subtype comprised remnants from various mobile genetic elements that encode antimicrobial resistance genes, ultimately forming a large MDR region. Genome analysis of CC398 strain SKLX61416 revealed the presence of a novel 50 kb composite SCCmec with two distinct domains, carrying the ccr gene complexes 5/8 and containing genes for the detoxification of arsenic and sulphide. Further sequence analysis disclosed that 44.23% (23/52) of ST88 strains in our collection carried a lineage-specific pseudo-SCCmec, termed ΨSCCmecST88. This ΨSCCmecST88 harboured the mec gene complex C2, along with a series of genes associated with heavy metal resistance, but lacked an approximately 28 kb region encompassing the ccr gene complex. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence for the ongoing evolution of SCCmec elements within the CC398 and ST88 clones, underscoring the need for further surveillance to understand the biological significance of these elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangxiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of General Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Structure and Morphology, Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weiwei Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunbo Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Structure and Morphology, Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Units of Infectious Disease and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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35
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Cosetta CM, Niccum B, Kamkari N, Dente M, Podniesinski M, Wolfe BE. Bacterial-fungal interactions promote parallel evolution of global transcriptional regulators in a widespread Staphylococcus species. ISME J 2023; 17:1504-1516. [PMID: 37524910 PMCID: PMC10432416 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies of microbial evolution have largely focused on monocultures of model organisms, but most microbes live in communities where interactions with other species may impact rates and modes of evolution. Using the cheese rind model microbial community, we determined how species interactions shape the evolution of the widespread food- and animal-associated bacterium Staphylococcus xylosus. We evolved S. xylosus for 450 generations alone or in co-culture with one of three microbes: the yeast Debaryomyces hansenii, the bacterium Brevibacterium aurantiacum, and the mold Penicillium solitum. We used the frequency of colony morphology mutants (pigment and colony texture phenotypes) and whole-genome sequencing of isolates to quantify phenotypic and genomic evolution. The yeast D. hansenii strongly promoted diversification of S. xylosus. By the end of the experiment, all populations co-cultured with the yeast were dominated by pigment and colony morphology mutant phenotypes. Populations of S. xylosus grown alone, with B. aurantiacum, or with P. solitum did not evolve novel phenotypic diversity. Whole-genome sequencing of individual mutant isolates across all four treatments identified numerous unique mutations in the operons for the SigB, Agr, and WalRK global regulators, but only in the D. hansenii treatment. Phenotyping and RNA-seq experiments highlighted altered pigment and biofilm production, spreading, stress tolerance, and metabolism of S. xylosus mutants. Fitness experiments revealed antagonistic pleiotropy, where beneficial mutations that evolved in the presence of the yeast had strong negative fitness effects in other biotic environments. This work demonstrates that bacterial-fungal interactions can have long-term evolutionary consequences within multispecies microbiomes by facilitating the evolution of strain diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey M Cosetta
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Brittany Niccum
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Nick Kamkari
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Michael Dente
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | | | - Benjamin E Wolfe
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
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Brescini L, Fioriti S, Coccitto SN, Cinthi M, Mingoia M, Cirioni O, Giacometti A, Giovanetti E, Morroni G, Brenciani A. Genomic Analysis of a Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus capitis Causing Bacteremia: Report from a University Hospital in Central Italy. Microb Drug Resist 2023; 29:388-391. [PMID: 37222764 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2022.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Although coagulase negative staphylococci are rarely associated with complicated diseases, in some cases they cause life-threatening infections. Here we described a clinical case of a bacteremia due to a methicillin- and linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus capitis in a patient previously treated with linezolid. Whole genome sequencing revealed the common mutation G2576T in all rDNA 23S alleles and several acquired resistance genes. Moreover, the isolate was epidemiologically distant from the NRCS-A clade, usually responsible for nosocomial infections in neonatal intensive care units. Our findings further confirm the ability of minor staphylococci to acquire antibiotic resistances and challenge the treatment of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Brescini
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Fioriti
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia N Coccitto
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marzia Cinthi
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marina Mingoia
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Oscar Cirioni
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacometti
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Giovanetti
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Morroni
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Brenciani
- Unit of Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche Medical School, Ancona, Italy
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Ye R, Tomo C, Chan N, Wolfe BE. Penicillium molds impact the transcriptome and evolution of the cheese bacterium Staphylococcus equorum. mSphere 2023; 8:e0004723. [PMID: 37219436 PMCID: PMC10449494 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00047-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The observation that Penicillium molds can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus was a catalyst for the antibiotic revolution. Considerable attention has been paid to purified Penicillium metabolites that inhibit bacteria, but little is known about how Penicillium species impact the ecology and evolution of bacteria in multispecies microbial communities. Here, we investigated how four different species of Penicillium can impact global transcription and evolution of a widespread Staphylococcus species (S. equorum) using the cheese rind model microbiome. Through RNA sequencing, we identified a core transcriptional response of S. equorum against all five tested Penicillium strains, including upregulation of thiamine biosynthesis, fatty acid degradation, and amino acid metabolism as well as downregulation of genes involved in the transport of siderophores. In a 12-week evolution experiment where we co-cultured S. equorum with the same Penicillium strains, we observed surprisingly few non-synonymous mutations across S. equorum populations evolved with the Penicillium species. A mutation in a putative DHH family phosphoesterase gene only occurred in populations evolved without Penicillium and decreased the fitness of S. equorum when co-cultured with an antagonistic Penicillium strain. Our results highlight the potential for conserved mechanisms of Staphylococcus-Penicillium interactions and demonstrate how fungal biotic environments may constrain the evolution of bacterial species.IMPORTANCEFungi and bacteria are commonly found co-occurring both in natural and synthetic microbiomes, but our understanding of fungal-bacterial interactions is limited to a handful of species. Conserved mechanisms of interactions and evolutionary consequences of fungal-bacterial interactions are largely unknown. Our RNA sequencing and experimental evolution data with Penicillium species and the bacterium S. equorum demonstrate that divergent fungal species can elicit conserved transcriptional and genomic responses in co-occurring bacteria. Penicillium molds are integral to the discovery of novel antibiotics and production of certain foods. By understanding how Penicillium species affect bacteria, our work can further efforts to design and manage Penicillium-dominated microbial communities in industry and food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Ye
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christopher Tomo
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Neal Chan
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin E. Wolfe
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
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Mikkelsen K, Bowring JZ, Ng YK, Svanberg Frisinger F, Maglegaard JK, Li Q, Sieber RN, Petersen A, Andersen PS, Rostøl JT, Høyland-Kroghsbo NM, Ingmer H. An Endogenous Staphylococcus aureus CRISPR-Cas System Limits Phage Proliferation and Is Efficiently Excised from the Genome as Part of the SCC mec Cassette. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0127723. [PMID: 37404143 PMCID: PMC10434264 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01277-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas is an adaptive immune system that allows bacteria to inactivate mobile genetic elements. Approximately 50% of bacteria harbor CRISPR-Cas; however, in the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, CRISPR-Cas loci are less common and often studied in heterologous systems. We analyzed the prevalence of CRISPR-Cas in genomes of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated in Denmark. Only 2.9% of the strains carried CRISPR-Cas systems, but for strains of sequence type ST630, over half were positive. All CRISPR-Cas loci were type III-A and located within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) type V(5C2&5), conferring β-lactam resistance. Curiously, only 23 different CRISPR spacers were identified in 69 CRISPR-Cas positive strains, and almost identical SCCmec cassettes, CRISPR arrays, and cas genes are present in staphylococcal species other than S. aureus, suggesting that these were transferred horizontally. For the ST630 strain 110900, we demonstrate that the SCCmec cassette containing CRISPR-Cas is excised from the chromosome at high frequency. However, the cassette was not transferable under the conditions investigated. One of the CRISPR spacers targets a late gene in the lytic bacteriophage phiIPLA-RODI, and we show that the system protects against phage infection by reducing phage burst size. However, CRISPR-Cas can be overloaded or circumvented by CRISPR escape mutants. Our results imply that the endogenous type III-A CRISPR-Cas system in S. aureus is active against targeted phages, albeit with low efficacy. This suggests that native S. aureus CRISPR-Cas offers only partial immunity and in nature may work in tandem with other defense systems. IMPORTANCE CRISPR-Cas is an adaptive immune system protecting bacteria and archaea against mobile genetic elements such as phages. In strains of Staphylococcus aureus, CRISPR-Cas is rare, but when present, it is located within the SCCmec element, which encodes resistance to methicillin and other β-lactam antibiotics. We show that the element is excisable, suggesting that the CRISPR-Cas locus is transferable. In support of this, we found almost identical CRISPR-Cas-carrying SCCmec elements in different species of non-S. aureus staphylococci, indicating that the system is mobile but only rarely acquires new spacers in S. aureus. Additionally, we show that in its endogenous form, the S. aureus CRISPR-Cas is active but inefficient against lytic phages that can overload the system or form escape mutants. Thus, we propose that CRISPR-Cas in S. aureus offers only partial immunity in native systems and so may work with other defense systems to prevent phage-mediated killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Mikkelsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janine Zara Bowring
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yong Kai Ng
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Qiuchun Li
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Raphael N. Sieber
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Petersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paal Skytt Andersen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jakob T. Rostøl
- Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nina Molin Høyland-Kroghsbo
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Hanne Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Kalantar-Neyestanaki D, Mansouri S, Tadjrobehkar O, Isaei E. The frequency of adherence, biofilm-associated, Arginine Catabolic Mobile element genes, and biofilm formation in clinical and healthcare worker coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:222. [PMID: 37582708 PMCID: PMC10426181 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02959-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare workers may pave the way for increased infections in hospitalized patients by coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). Biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance are the major problems posed by CoNS in nosocomial infections. In this study, we determined biofilm production level and the distribution of biofilm-associated and virulence genes, including icaADBC, aap, bhp, atlE, embp, and fbe, as well as IS256, IS257, mecA, and ACME clusters (arc-A, opp-3AB) among 114 clinical (n = 57) and healthcare workers (n = 57) CoNS isolates in Kerman, Iran. RESULTS In this study, more than 80% (n = 96) of isolates were methicillin-resistant CoNS (MR-CoNS). Out of 114 isolates, 33% (n = 38) were strong biofilm producers. Strong biofilm formation was found to be significantly different between clinical and healthcare workers' isolates (P < 0.050). In addition, 28% (n = 32) of isolates were positive for icaADBC simultaneously, and all were strong biofilm producers. The prevalence of icaADBC, mecA, bhp, fbe, and IS256 in clinical isolates was higher than that in healthcare workers' isolates (P < 0.050). A significant relationship was observed between clinical isolates and the presence of icaADBC, mecA, bhp, and IS256. Although these elements were detected in healthcare workers' isolates, they were more frequent in clinical isolates compared to those of healthcare workers. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of ACME clusters in healthcare workers' isolates and biofilm formation of these isolates partially confirms the bacterial colonization in the skin of healthcare workers. Isolating MR-CoNS from healthcare workers' skin through similar genetic elements to clinical isolates, such as icaADBC, mecA, and IS256, calls for appropriate strategies to control and prevent hospital infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Kalantar-Neyestanaki
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology (Bacteriology and Virology), Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Shahla Mansouri
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology (Bacteriology and Virology), Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Omid Tadjrobehkar
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Medical Microbiology (Bacteriology and Virology), Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Elham Isaei
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University Of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.
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40
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Chee MSJ, Serrano E, Chiang YN, Harling-Lee J, Man R, Bacigalupe R, Fitzgerald JR, Penadés JR, Chen J. Dual pathogenicity island transfer by piggybacking lateral transduction. Cell 2023; 186:3414-3426.e16. [PMID: 37541198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Lateral transduction (LT) is the process by which temperate phages mobilize large sections of bacterial genomes. Despite its importance, LT has only been observed during prophage induction. Here, we report that superantigen-carrying staphylococcal pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) employ a related but more versatile and complex mechanism of gene transfer to drive chromosomal hypermobility while self-transferring with additional virulence genes from the host. We found that after phage infection or prophage induction, activated SaPIs form concatamers in the bacterial chromosome by switching between parallel genomic tracks in replication bubbles. This dynamic life cycle enables SaPIbov1 to piggyback its LT of staphylococcal pathogenicity island vSaα, which encodes an array of genes involved in host-pathogen interactions, allowing both islands to be mobilized intact and transferred in a single infective particle. Our findings highlight previously unknown roles of pathogenicity islands in bacterial virulence and show that their evolutionary impact extends beyond the genes they carry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Su Juan Chee
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Ester Serrano
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Yin Ning Chiang
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Joshua Harling-Lee
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK
| | - Rebecca Man
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK
| | - Rodrigo Bacigalupe
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK
| | - J Ross Fitzgerald
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh EH259RG, UK
| | - José R Penadés
- School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK; Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad CEU Cardenal Herrera, 46113 Moncada, Spain; Centre for Bacterial Resistance Biology, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - John Chen
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore.
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Williams P, Hill P, Bonev B, Chan WC. Quorum-sensing, intra- and inter-species competition in the staphylococci. Microbiology (Reading) 2023; 169:001381. [PMID: 37578829 PMCID: PMC10482373 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
In Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and the coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), the accessory gene regulator (agr) is a highly conserved but polymorphic quorum-sensing system involved in colonization, virulence and biofilm development. Signalling via agr depends on the interaction of an autoinducing peptide (AIP) with AgrC, a transmembrane sensor kinase that, once phosphorylated activates the response regulator AgrA. This in turn autoinduces AIP biosynthesis and drives target gene expression directly via AgrA or via the post-transcriptional regulator, RNAIII. In this review we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying the agr-mediated generation of, and response to, AIPs and the molecular basis of AIP-dependent activation and inhibition of AgrC. How the environment impacts on agr functionality is considered and the consequences of agr dysfunction for infection explored. We also discuss the concept of AIP-driven competitive interference between S. aureus and the CoNS and its anti-infective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Williams
- Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Phil Hill
- School of Biosciences, Sutton Bonington Campus, University of Nottingham, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Boyan Bonev
- Biodiscovery Institute and School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Weng C. Chan
- School of Pharmacy, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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42
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Wei N, Shang L, Liu J, Wang M, Liu Y, Zhu C, Fei C, Zhang L, Yang F, Gu F. Engineered Staphylococcus auricularis Cas9 with high-fidelity. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23060. [PMID: 37389931 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202202132rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 is a versatile gene editing tool with a broad application of basic research and clinical therapeutics. However, the potential impact caused by off-target effects remains a critical bottleneck. The small Cas9 ortholog from Staphylococcus auricularis (SauriCas9) was identified, which recognizes a 5'-NNGG-3' protospacer adjacent motif (PAM), exhibiting high activity for genome editing. Recently, we also reported enhanced-fidelity Staphylococcus aureus Cas9 (efSaCas9), which harbors a single mutation N260D. Protein sequence alignment revealed that SauriCas9 has 62.4% sequence identity with SaCas9. Because SauriCas9 is more flexible in recognizing the target sequence with PAM of 5'-NNGG-3' than SaCas9 of 5'-NNGRRT-3' PAM, we sought to test whether key mutation(N260D) or adjacent residue mutation in efSaCas9 can be appliable to SauriCas9. With this concept, two engineered SauriCas9 variants (SauriCas9-HF1, harboring the N269D mutation; SauriCas9-HF2, harboring the D270N mutation) dramatically improved targeting specificity by targeted deep sequencing and GUIDE-seq. At certain sites, reduced off-target effects (approximately 61.6- and 111.9-fold improvements) of SauriCas9-HF2 compared with wild-type SauriCas9 were observed. Overall, two identified SauriCas9 variants (SauriCas9-HF1 and SauriCas9-HF2) expand the utility of the CRISPR toolkit for research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Shang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuangang Zhu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenzhong Fei
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Fayu Yang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Gu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai, China
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Kehrmann J, Koch F, Zumdick S, Höwner A, Best L, Masshöfer L, Scharfenberg S, Zeschnigk M, Becker JC, Schadendorf D, Buer J, Roesch A. Reduced Staphylococcus Abundance Characterizes the Lesional Microbiome of Actinic Keratosis Patients after Field-Directed Therapies. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0440122. [PMID: 37212689 PMCID: PMC10269920 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04401-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin microbiome dysbiosis with a Staphylococcus overabundance is a feature of actinic keratosis (AK) and squamous skin carcinoma (SCC) patients. The impact of lesion-directed treatments for AK lesions such as diclofenac (DIC) and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on the lesional microbiome is not established. We studied 321 skin microbiome samples of 59 AK patients treated with DIC 3% gel versus CAP. Microbial DNA from skin swabs taken before start of treatment (week 0), at the end of the treatment period (week 24), and 3 months after end of treatment (week 36) was analyzed after sequencing the V3/V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The relative abundance of S. aureus was scrutinized by a tuf gene specific TaqMan PCR assay. The total bacterial load and both, relative and absolute abundance of Staphylococcus genus was reduced upon both therapies at week 24 and 36 compared to week 0. Notably, the lesional microbiome of patients responding to CAP therapy at week 24 was characterized by an increased relative abundance of Corynebacterium genus compared to nonresponders. A higher relative abundance of Staphylococcus aureus at week 36 was a feature of patients classified as nonresponders for both treatments 12 weeks after therapy completion. The reduction of the Staphylococcus abundance after treatment of AK lesions and alterations linked to treatment response encourage further studies for investigation of the role of the skin microbiome for both, the carcinogenesis of epithelial skin cancer and its function as predictive therapeutic biomarker in AK. IMPORTANCE The relevance of the skin microbiome for development of actinic keratosis (AK), its progression into squamous skin cancer, and for field-directed treatment response is unknown. An overabundance of staphylococci characterizes the skin microbiome of AK lesions. In this study, analyses of the lesional microbiome from 321 samples of 59 AK patients treated with diclophenac gel versus cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) revealed a reduced total bacterial load and reduced relative and absolute Staphylococcus genus abundance upon both treatments. A higher relative Corynebacterium abundance was a feature of patients classified as responders at the end of CAP-treatment period (week 24) compared with nonresponders and the Staphylococcus aureus abundance of patients classified as responders 3 months after treatment completion was significantly lower than in nonresponders. The alterations of the skin microbiome upon AK treatment encourage further investigations for establishing its role for carcinogenesis and its function as predictive biomarker in AK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kehrmann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Fiona Koch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen and German Cancer Partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany
| | - Skrollan Zumdick
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna Höwner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen and German Cancer Partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany
| | - Lara Best
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lars Masshöfer
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Scharfenberg
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen and German Cancer Partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Zeschnigk
- Institute for Human Genetics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen C. Becker
- Departments of Translational Skin Cancer Research and Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen and German Cancer Partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Buer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Roesch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen and German Cancer Partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Essen/Düsseldorf and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Cavaiuolo M, Lefebvre D, Mutel I, Vingadassalon N, Merda D, Hennekinne JA, Nia Y. First report of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus argenteus as a foodborne pathogen. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 394:110182. [PMID: 36965358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcal enterotoxins preformed in food are the causative agents of staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks (SFPO). In this study we characterised in depth two coagulase-positive non-pigmented staphylococci involved in two independent outbreaks that occurred in France. While indistinguishable from Staphylococcus aureus using PCR methods and growth phenotype comparisons, both isolates were identified as Staphylococcus argenteus by whole genome sequencing. The genomes were analysed for the presence of enterotoxin genes, whose expression was determined in laboratory medium and, for the first time, in artificially-contaminated milk samples by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and ELISA methods. The concentration measured for the SEB toxin in milk (0.67 ng/ml) was comparable to concentrations reported for other types of enterotoxins behind SFPO. From a collection of publicly available genomes, we performed an unprecedented systematic investigation of the enterotoxin gene set of S. argenteus, including variants and pseudogenes. The most prevalent genes were sex, followed by sel26, sel27 and sey. The egc cluster was less frequent and most of the time carried a dysfunctional seg gene. Our results shed light on the enterotoxigenic properties of S. argenteus, and emphasize the importance in monitoring of S. argenteus as an emerging foodborne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cavaiuolo
- University Paris Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, SBCL Unit, Maisons-Alfort location, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Donatien Lefebvre
- University Paris Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, SBCL Unit, Maisons-Alfort location, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Isabelle Mutel
- University Paris Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, SBCL Unit, Maisons-Alfort location, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Noémie Vingadassalon
- University Paris Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, SBCL Unit, Maisons-Alfort location, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Déborah Merda
- University Paris Est, ANSES, SPAAD unit, Maisons-Alfort location, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Jacques-Antoine Hennekinne
- University Paris Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, SBCL Unit, Maisons-Alfort location, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Yacine Nia
- University Paris Est, ANSES, Laboratory for Food Safety, SBCL Unit, Maisons-Alfort location, F-94701 Maisons-Alfort, France
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45
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Zhou W, Niu D, Gao S, Zhong Q, Liu C, Liao X, Cao X, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Shen H. Prevalence, biofilm formation, and mass spectrometric characterization of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus capitis isolated from a tertiary hospital in China. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 33:155-163. [PMID: 36724854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus capitis (LRSC) has become a new challenge for clinical anti-infective therapy. The present study aimed to investigate the trends of LRSC prevalence in a tertiary hospital of China 2017-2020. The resistance mechanisms, virulence genes, biofilm formation, and mass spectrometric characteristics of LRSC isolates were also analysed. METHODS This study retrospectively analysed the antibiotic resistance trends of coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from clinical samples collected between 2017-2020. Antimicrobial resistance profiles were tested by micro-broth dilution and the E-test method. Antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence genes were detected by polymerase chain reaction, and dru-typing sequences were obtained by Sanger sequencing. Crystal violet staining in 96-well plates was used to detect biofilm formation ability. Mass spectrometric characterization of LRSC was analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) coupled with ClinProTools. RESULTS The linezolid resistance rate in 3575 CoNS clinical strains was 1.6%, wherein the great majority of was LRSC (91.1%, n = 51/56), with a resistant rate of 15.5% (n = 51/328) in all S. capitis isolates. In this study, 48 out of the 51 LRSC strains and 54 of 277 linezolid-susceptible S. capitis (LSSC) strains were enrolled. G2576T, C2104T, T2130A, C2163T, and T2319C mutations in the 23S rRNA V region and acquisition of cfr were the main linezolid resistant mechanisms in LRSC. The biofilm-forming ability of LRSC was more potent than LSSC, with a higher detection rate of bap (P < 0.05). Eleven mass spectrometric peaks of interest were identified by using MALDI-TOF MS and ClinProTools, which were differently distributed between LRSC and LSSC strains, with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of more than 0.8, especially for 5465.37 m/z. CONCLUSIONS Linezolid resistance was mediated by mutations in the 23S rRNA V region and presence of the cfr gene in LRSC strains. LRSC strains have stronger biofilm-forming ability than LSSC strains, which maybe associated with the adhesion-related gene of bap. Further, linezolid-resistant and linezolid-susceptible S. capitis could be rapidly identified with mass spectrometric characterization. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to document the biofilm formation ability of LRSC and the potential usefulness of MALDI-TOF MS for the discrimination of LRSC and LSSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqing Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongmei Niu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuo Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiao Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gusu School, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiwei Liao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoli Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhifeng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Santos PR, Kraus RB, Ladeira SL, Pereira GM, Cunha KF, Palhares KE, Silva ACA, Dors GC, Lima HG, Cereser ND, Nascente PS. Resistance profile and biofilm production of Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus sp., and Streptococcus spp. from dairy farms in southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1217-1229. [PMID: 36811767 PMCID: PMC10235326 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00929-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk is a high nutritional value food that helps in human development and growth. However, it can also harbor microorganisms. Therefore, the objective of this study was to isolate, identify and evaluate the resistance profile and pathogenicity factors of gram-positive cocci isolated from liners in milking rooms in the south of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Biochemical and molecular tests were performed for the identification. The following were isolated: Enterococcus faecalis (10), Enterococcus faecium (4), Staphylococcus intermedius (1), Streptococcus uberis (1), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1). The susceptibility of isolated microorganisms to eight antibiotics was evaluated according to CLSI, and the genus that proved to be resistant to most of those was Enterococcus. In addition, all 17 isolates were able to form biofilm, which remained viable after the use of neutral, alkaline and alkaline-chlorinated detergent. The only product that was effective against biofilm of all microorganisms was chlorhexidine 2%. The results obtained highlight the importance of pre- and post-dipping tests on dairy properties, in which chlorhexidine is one of the disinfectants used. As observed, products indicated for cleaning and descaling pipes were not effective on biofilms of the different species tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. R. Santos
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - R. B. Kraus
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - S. L. Ladeira
- Regional Laboratory of Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - G. M. Pereira
- Departament of Mathematics and Statistics, Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - K. F. Cunha
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - K. E. Palhares
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - A. C. A. Silva
- Campus Xapuri, Federal Institute of Acre, Xapuri, 78900-000 Brazil
| | - G. C. Dors
- Departament of Agribusiness Science and Technology, Eliseu Maciel College of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - H. G. Lima
- Departament of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - N. D. Cereser
- Departament of Preventive Veterinary, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
| | - P. S. Nascente
- Departament of Microbiology and Parasitology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, 96010-900 Brazil
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47
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Saheb Kashaf S, Harkins CP, Deming C, Joglekar P, Conlan S, Holmes CJ, Almeida A, Finn RD, Segre JA, Kong HH. Staphylococcal diversity in atopic dermatitis from an individual to a global scale. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:578-592.e6. [PMID: 37054678 PMCID: PMC10151067 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial, chronic relapsing disease associated with genetic and environmental factors. Among skin microbes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are associated with AD, but how genetic variability and staphylococcal strains shape the disease remains unclear. We investigated the skin microbiome of an AD cohort (n = 54) as part of a prospective natural history study using shotgun metagenomic and whole genome sequencing, which we analyzed alongside publicly available data (n = 473). AD status and global geographical regions exhibited associations with strains and genomic loci of S. aureus and S. epidermidis. In addition, antibiotic prescribing patterns and within-household transmission between siblings shaped colonizing strains. Comparative genomics determined that S. aureus AD strains were enriched in virulence factors, whereas S. epidermidis AD strains varied in genes involved in interspecies interactions and metabolism. In both species, staphylococcal interspecies genetic transfer shaped gene content. These findings reflect the staphylococcal genomic diversity and dynamics associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Saheb Kashaf
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Catriona P Harkins
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clay Deming
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Payal Joglekar
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sean Conlan
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cassandra J Holmes
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Alexandre Almeida
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert D Finn
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Julia A Segre
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Heidi H Kong
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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48
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Grazul M, Balcerczak E, Sienkiewicz M. Analysis of the Presence of the Virulence and Regulation Genes from Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus) in Coagulase Negative Staphylococci and the Influence of the Staphylococcal Cross-Talk on Their Functions. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:5155. [PMID: 36982064 PMCID: PMC10049693 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are increasingly becoming a public health issue worldwide due to their growing resistance to antibiotics and common involvement in complications related to invasive surgical procedures, and nosocomial and urinary tract infections. Their behavior either as a commensal or a pathogen is a result of strict regulation of colonization and virulence factors. Although functionality of virulence factors and processes involved in their regulation are quite well understood in S. aureus, little is known about them in CoNS species. Therefore, the aim of our studies was to check if clinical CoNS strains may contain virulence factors and genes involved in resistance to methicillin, that are homologous to S. aureus. Moreover, we checked the presence of elements responsible for regulation of genes that encode virulence factors typical for S. aureus in tested isolates. We also investigated whether the regulation factors produced by one CoNS isolate can affect virulence activity of other strains by co-incubation of tested isolates with supernatant from other isolates. Our studies confirmed the presence of virulence factor and regulatory genes attributed to S. aureus in CoNS isolates and indicated that one strain with an active agr gene is able to affect biofilm formation and δ-toxin activity of strains with inactive agr genes. The cognition of prevalence and regulation of virulence factors as well as antibiotic resistance of CoNS isolates is important for better control and treatment of CoNS infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Grazul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Balcerczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika Sienkiewicz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz, Muszynskiego 1 Street, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
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49
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Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W, Gajewska J, Zakrzewski AJ, Caggia C, Zadernowska A. Molecular Analysis of Pathogenicity, Adhesive Matrix Molecules (MSCRAMMs) and Biofilm Genes of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Ready-to-Eat Food. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:1375. [PMID: 36674132 PMCID: PMC9859056 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a snapshot on the pathogenic traits within CoNS isolated from ready-to-eat (RTE) food. Eighty-five strains were subjected to biofilm and slime production, as well as biofilm-associated genes (icaA, icaD, icaB, icaC, eno, bap, bhp, aap, fbe, embP and atlE), the insertion sequence elements IS256 and IS257 and hemolytic genes. The results showed that the most prevalent determinants responsible for the primary adherence were eno (57.6%) and aap (56.5%) genes. The icaADBC operon was detected in 45.9% of the tested strains and was correlated to slime production. Moreover, most strains carrying the icaADBC operon simultaneously carried the IS257 insertion sequence element. Among the genes encoding for surface proteins involved in the adhesion to abiotic surfaces process, atlE was the most commonly (31.8%) followed by bap (4.7%) and bhp (1.2%). The MSCRAMMs, including fbe and embp were detected in the 11.8% and 28.2% of strains, respectively. A high occurrence of genes involved in the hemolytic toxin production were detected, such as hla_yiD (50.6%), hlb (48.2%), hld (41.2%) and hla_haem (34.1%). The results of the present study revealed an unexpected occurrence of the genes involved in biofilm production and the high hemolytic activity among the CoNS strains, isolated from RTE food, highlighting that this group seems to be acquiring pathogenic traits similar to those of S. aureus, suggesting the need to be included in the routine microbiological analyses of food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wioleta Chajęcka-Wierzchowska
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-693 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Gajewska
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-693 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Józef Zakrzewski
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-693 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Cinzia Caggia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment (Di3A), University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Anna Zadernowska
- Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-693 Olsztyn, Poland
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50
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Asante J, Abia ALK, Anokwah D, Hetsa BA, Fatoba DO, Bester LA, Amoako DG. Phenotypic and Genomic Insights into Biofilm Formation in Antibiotic-Resistant Clinical Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Species from South Africa. Genes (Basel) 2022; 14:104. [PMID: 36672846 PMCID: PMC9858754 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The work aims to investigate biofilm formation and biofilm/adhesion-encoding genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) species recovered from blood culture isolates. Eighty-nine clinical CoNS were confirmed using the VITEK 2 system, and antibiotic susceptibility testing of isolates was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method against a panel of 20 antibiotics. Isolates were qualitatively screened using the Congo red agar medium. Quantitative assays were performed on microtiter plates, where the absorbances of the solubilised biofilms were recorded as optical densities and quantified. In all, 12.4% of the isolates were strong biofilm formers, 68.5% had moderate biofilm capacity, and 17.9% showed weak capacity. A subset of 18 isolates, mainly methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis, were investigated for adherence-related genes using whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. The highest antibiotic resistance rates for strongly adherent isolates were observed against penicillin (100%) and cefoxitin (81.8%), but the isolates showed no resistance to linezolid (0.0%) and tigecycline (0.0%). The icaABC genes involved in biofilm formation were detected in 50% of the screened isolates. Other adherence-related genes, including autolysin gene atl (88.8%), elastin binding protein gene ebp (94.4%), cell wall-associated fibronectin-binding protein gene ebh (66.7%), clumping factor A gene clfA (5.5%), and pili gene ebpC (22.2%) were also found. The insertion sequence IS256, involved in biofilm formation, was found in 10/18 (55.5%) screened isolates. We demonstrate a high prevalence of biofilm-forming coagulase-negative staphylococci associated with various resistance phenotypes and a substantial agreement between the possession of biofilm-associated genes and the biofilm phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Asante
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
- College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Akebe L. K. Abia
- College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Environmental Research Foundation, Westville 3630, South Africa
| | - Daniel Anokwah
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Bakoena A. Hetsa
- College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Dorcas O. Fatoba
- College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Linda A. Bester
- Biomedical Resource Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Daniel G. Amoako
- College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
- Biomedical Resource Unit, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa
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