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Song H, Yoo JS, Unno T. Discerning the dissemination mechanisms of antibiotic resistance genes through whole genome sequencing of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli isolated from veterinary clinics and farms in South Korea. Sci Total Environ 2024; 926:172068. [PMID: 38554973 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria are resistant to most beta-lactams, including third-generation cephalosporins, limiting the treatment methods against the infections they cause. In this study, we performed whole genome sequencing of ESBL-producing E. coli to determine the mechanisms underlying the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. We analyzed 141 ESBL-producing isolates which had been collected from 16 veterinary clinics and 16 farms in South Korea. Long- and short-read sequencing platforms were used to obtain high-quality assemblies. The results showed that blaCTX-M is the dominant ESBL gene type found in South Korea. The spread of blaCTX-M appears to have been facilitated by both clonal spread between different host species and conjugation. Most blaCTX-M genes were found associated with diverse mobile genetic elements that may contribute to the chromosomal integration of the genes. Diverse incompatibility groups of blaCTX-M-harboring plasmids were also observed, which allows their spread among a variety of bacteria. Comprehensive whole genome sequence analysis was useful for the identification of the most prevalent types of ESBL genes and their dissemination mechanisms. The results of this study suggest that the propagation of ESBL genes can occur through clonal spread and plasmid-mediated dissemination, and that suitable action plans should be developed to prevent further propagation of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokyung Song
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sik Yoo
- Division of Antimicrobial Resistance Research, National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, 187 Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Tatsuya Unno
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Scarpellini R, Vélez De Mendizábal LL, Quevedo-Caraballo S, Blanco JL, García ME, Pérez-Sancho M, Portero Fuentes M, Penelo S, Esposito E, Mondo E, Piva S. Active surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in companion animals: A pilot study in a Spanish Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 108:102169. [PMID: 38579648 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The role of small animal veterinary hospitals in the onset and dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant organisms (AMROs) is still not clear, and the implementation of an internal surveillance systems is a cost-effective tool to better understand their impact. The aim of this study was to describe a pilot program of active surveillance in a Spanish Veterinary Teaching Hospital, developed to estimate the detection frequency of AMROs in the commensal flora of patients and in the environment. Surveillance was focused on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococci (MRS), third generation cephalosporins resistant gram-negative bacteria (3GCR-GNB), and carbapenems-resistant gram-negative bacteria (CR-GNB). Oral and perirectal swabs were collected in the same dogs and cats hospitalized > 48 h, at their admission and before their discharge. Out of 50 patients sampled, 24% (12/50) were carriers at admission of at least one of the three investigated AMROs. Twenty-eight percent of patients (14/50) acquired at least one AMRO during the hospital stay. MRS detection frequency at admission was 12% (6/50), while acquisition was 6% (3/50). 3GCR-GNB detection frequency was 14% at admission (7/50) and acquisition 22% (11/50), while CR-GNB detection frequency was 2% at admission (1/50) and acquisition 2% (1/50). Environmental surveillance (98 samples) showed a total detection frequency of 22.4% for MRS (22/98), 2% for 3GCR-GNB and CR-GNB (2/98). Clinical staff' shoe soles showed high detection frequency for MRS (50%). 3GCR Escherichia coli was the most isolated species in patients (n = 17). The results show how active surveillance can be used as a tool to assess the impact of AMROs in veterinary hospitals to subsequently build up tailored control plans based on specific issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Scarpellini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano Emilia (BO) 40006, Italy.
| | - Laura Leal Vélez De Mendizábal
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Complutense University of Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Sergio Quevedo-Caraballo
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Complutense University of Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - José L Blanco
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Complutense University of Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Marta E García
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Complutense University of Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Marta Pérez-Sancho
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre, Complutense University of Madrid, av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Miriam Portero Fuentes
- Complutense University of Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Silvia Penelo
- Complutense University of Madrid, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, av. Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Erika Esposito
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano Emilia (BO) 40006, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Mondo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano Emilia (BO) 40006, Italy
| | - Silvia Piva
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50, Ozzano Emilia (BO) 40006, Italy
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Dominguez-Villegas E. Wildlife Pediatrics. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2024; 27:411-430. [PMID: 38040565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Injured, sick, and orphaned wildlife neonates arrive by the thousands to wildlife rehabilitation centers, veterinary hospitals, and wildlife hospitals in North America. With the ultimate goal of releasing them back into the wild, veterinarians need to know the ecology, biology, and specific problems encountered by the various species of wildlife.
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Lovett A, Vokes J, Loghides N, Johnstone L, Sykes B. Survival of formalin intoxication in a 13-year-old Thoroughbred gelding. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:494-502. [PMID: 37587652 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formalin intoxication via the gastrointestinal route has not been previously reported in the horse. Whereas ingestion of formalin in humans, although rare, is well documented. Majority of human cases are either accidental, suicidal or homicidal and often lead to fatality, with a reported lethal formaldehyde dose equating to 0.12 - 0.16 g/kg bwt. OBJECTIVES To describe a single case report of the clinical management of an adult horse referred to a veterinary teaching hospital following accidental administration of 10% formalin via nasogastric tube. METHODS A 13-year-old Thoroughbred gelding originally presented to the referring veterinarian for colic where 1.8 L of 10% formalin was accidentally administered instead of mineral oil via nasogastric intubation, a potentially lethal dose of formaldehyde (0.12 g/kg bwt). Approximately 20-hours following 10% formalin administration the horse was admitted to the referral hospital with moderate tachycardia, occasional ectopic beats, tacky and hyperaemic mucous membranes, delayed capillary refill time, reduced borborygmi, and pronounced digital pulses. Diagnostic investigations included laboratory blood analysis, urinalysis, electrocardiogram, abdominal ultrasound, palpation per rectum and gastroscopy. RESULTS Patient assessment found evidence of toxicity to the gastrointestinal tract, hypovolaemia and risk for laminitis. Intensive care included fluid and electrolyte therapy, anti-inflammatories and analgesia, continuous digital cryotherapy, gastro-protectants and other methods of gastrointestinal support. The horse was discharged from hospital on day 14 with no long-term complications and the client-veterinarian relationship was preserved. DISCUSSION In human cases of ingestion, gastrointestinal injury is typically accompanied by severe metabolic acidosis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome due to toxicity of other body systems that can contribute to non-survival. Formaldehyde toxicity in the present case predominantly affected the gastrointestinal tract, most likely a direct result of the route of administration. Aside from gastrointestinal injury, primary toxicity of other body systems was not confirmed. To prevent this medical error recurring, the referring veterinary clinic revised their labelling and storage of 10% formalin. CONCLUSION This is the first report of systemic formalin intoxication in the horse. Following a high dose of 10% formalin (0.12 g/kg bwt formaldehyde) enterally, the horse survived having received intensive supportive care based on human guidelines for ingested formalin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Lovett
- Equine Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Jessica Vokes
- Equine Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Natasha Loghides
- Equine Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Laura Johnstone
- Equine Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin Sykes
- Equine Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Islam R, Ferdous FB, Hoque MN, Asif NA, Rana ML, Siddique MP, Rahman MT. Characterization of β-lactamase and virulence genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical, environmental and poultry sources in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296542. [PMID: 38626002 PMCID: PMC11020970 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens like Pseudomonas aeruginosa are major concerns for public health worldwide. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of P. aeruginosa in clinical, environmental, and poultry sources in Bangladesh, along with their antibiotic susceptibility and the profiling of β-lactamase and virulence genes using standard molecular and microbiology techniques. We collected 110 samples from five different locations, viz., BAU residential area (BAURA; n = 15), BAU Healthcare Center (BAUHCC; n = 20), BAU Veterinary Teaching Hospital (BAUVTH; n = 22), Poultry Market (PM; n = 30) and Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MCCH; n = 23). After overnight enrichment in nutrient broth, 89 probable Pseudomonas isolates (80.90%) were screened through selective culture, gram-staining and biochemical tests. Using genus- and species-specific PCR, we confirmed 22 isolates (20.0%) as P. aeruginosa from these samples. Antibiogram profiling revealed that 100.0% P. aeruginosa isolates (n = 22) were multidrug-resistant isolates, showing resistance against Doripenem, Penicillin, Ceftazidime, Cefepime, and Imipenem. Furthermore, resistance to aztreonam was observed in 95.45% isolates. However, P. aeruginosa isolates showed a varying degree of sensitivity against Amikacin, Gentamicin, and Ciprofloxacin. The blaTEM gene was detected in 86.0% isolates, while blaCMY, blaSHV and blaOXA, were detected in 27.0%, 18.0% and 5.0% of the P. aeruginosa isolates, respectively. The algD gene was detected in 32.0% isolates, whereas lasB and exoA genes were identified in 9.0% and 5.0% P. aeruginosa isolates. However, none of the P. aeruginosa isolates harbored exoS gene. Hence, this study provides valuable and novel insights on the resistance and virulence of circulating P. aeruginosa within the clinical, environmental, and poultry environments of Bangladesh. These findings are crucial for understanding the emergence of β-lactamase resistance in P. aeruginosa, highlighting its usefulness in the treatment and control of P. aeruginosa infections in both human and animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raihana Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Binte Ferdous
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - M. Nazmul Hoque
- Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, Bangladesh
| | - Nowshad Atique Asif
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Liton Rana
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Mahbubul Pratik Siddique
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tanvir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Janke N, Gohar B, Blokland K, Coe JB. Workplace psychosocial factors are associated with veterinary employees' organizational commitment to their current veterinary hospital. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262:1-10. [PMID: 38183765 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.10.0601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To classify a sample of veterinary professionals into distinct organizational-commitment profiles and to identify associations between psychosocial aspects of the workplace and organizational-commitment profile membership. SAMPLE 487 veterinary employees who worked for a corporate veterinary organization in Canada. METHODS Survey components measured for this study included the Three-Component Model (TCM) Employee Commitment Survey-Revised, the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, and participant demographics. First, latent profile analysis was used to identify distinct organizational-commitment profiles based on 3 components of commitment (affective, continuance, and normative). Next, the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare participants' intention to leave their hospital on the basis of organizational-commitment profile. Finally, logistic regression was performed to assess the association between perceived psychosocial workplace characteristics and organizational-commitment profile membership. RESULTS 2 organizational-commitment profiles were identified: Affective/Normative (AC/NC) Dominant (n = 388) and Mid-Low Commitment (99). Participants in the Mid-Low Commitment Profile had a significantly higher intention-to-leave score (median, 3.0) than participants in the AC/NC Dominant Profile (median, 2.0; P < .001). Psychosocial factors found to predict membership in the AC/NC Dominant Profile included the following: influence at work (OR, 2.08; P < .001), meaning of work (OR, 1.38; P = .067), rewards/recognition (OR, 1.63; P = .007), and quality of leadership (OR, 1.85; P = .0003). Members of the AC/NC Dominant Profile also experienced greater work-life conflict (OR, 1.65; P = .003) compared to the Mid-Low Commitment Profile. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings identified potential psychosocial aspects of the workplace that can be considered to support more desirable organizational-commitment profiles that are likely to lead to favorable outcomes for veterinary practices and their employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Janke
- 1Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Basem Gohar
- 1Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- 2Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON, Canada
| | - Kirsten Blokland
- 1Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jason B Coe
- 1Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Paim MG, Rivas BB, Sebastião GA, Kaefer K, Rodrigues RO, Mayer FQ, Nunes LN, Costa FVAD. Investigation of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies and leptospiruria in cats attended to a veterinary teaching hospital in southern Brazil. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 107:102138. [PMID: 38367297 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a bacterial zoonosis that affects both humans and animals worldwide. Currently, it is known that cats may be susceptible to infection. This study aims to investigate the presence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies and leptospiruria in cats, using Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT) and Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) techniques, respectively. A total of 76 cats, undergoing comprehensive anamnesis, general physical examination, and complementary exams were included in the investigation. Among the 76 cats tested, 9.2% (7/76) exhibited the presence of anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies, while Leptospira spp. DNA was detected in at 1.3% (1/76) of the evaluated urine samples. No significant associations were observed between the serological and molecular diagnostic results and the assessed variables, including clinical data and laboratory results of cats testing positive. This study provides insight into the occurrence of Leptospira spp. infection and leptospiruria in cats treated at a veterinary teaching hospital in southern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela Grünwalder Paim
- Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Bárbara Basseggio Rivas
- Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Grasiele Amorim Sebastião
- Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kauana Kaefer
- Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rogério Oliveira Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Leptospirose, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Quoos Mayer
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor, Fundação Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana Neves Nunes
- Instituto de Matemática, Departamento de Estatística, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Vieira Amorim da Costa
- Hospital de Clínicas Veterinárias, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Fa-ngoen C, Kaewmongkol G, Inthong N, Tanganuchitcharnchai A, Abdad MY, Siengsanan-Lamont J, Blacksell SD, Kaewmongkol S. Serological detection of Rickettsia spp. and evaluation of blood parameters in pet dogs and cats from Bangkok and neighboring provinces. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297373. [PMID: 38452006 PMCID: PMC10919667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Rickettsiosis is caused by Orientia spp. and Rickettsia spp., arthropod-borne zoonotic intracellular bacteria. The close relationships between pet dogs, cats and owners increase the risk of rickettsial transmission, with limited studies on the seroprevalence in pets. This study investigated the prevalence of rickettsia exposure among dogs and cats in Bangkok and neighboring provinces. The samples from 367 dogs and 187 cats used in this study were leftover serum samples from routine laboratory testing stored at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. In-house Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests included IgG against the scrub typhus group (STG), typhus group (TG), and spotted fever group (SFG). The seroprevalence in pet dogs was 30.25% (111/367), including 21.53% for STG, 4.36% for TG, and 1.09% for SFG. Co-seroprevalence consisted of 2.72% for STG and TG, 0.27% for STG and SFG, and 0.27% for pangroup infection. The prevalence in cats was 62.56% (117/187), including 28.34% for STG, 4.28% for TG, and 6.42% for STG. Co-seroprevalence in cats consisted of STG and TG (4.28%), STG and SFG (5.35%), TG and SFG (3.21%), and three-group infection (10.69%). No significant difference in seroprevalence for the three serogroups was observed in any of the 64 districts sampled. The mean hematocrit level significantly decreased in seropositive dogs (P<0.05). Seropositive dogs and cats were detected in significantly greater numbers of anemia cases than nonanemia cases (P<0.05) (odds ratio: 7.93, 0.44, p = 0.00, p = 0.01). A significantly higher number of seropositive cats had decreased hemoglobin levels (P<0.05) (odds ratio: 3.63, p = 0.00). The seropositive samples significantly differed among older cats (P<0.05). These high exposures in pet dogs and cats could constitute important relationship dynamics between companion animals and rickettsial vectors. Significantly decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin levels indicated anemia in the exposed dogs and cats. The study findings will raise awareness of this neglected disease among pet owners and veterinary hospital personnel and aid in future public health preventative planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanon Fa-ngoen
- Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gunn Kaewmongkol
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Natnaree Inthong
- Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ampai Tanganuchitcharnchai
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mohammad Yazid Abdad
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jarunee Siengsanan-Lamont
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stuart D. Blacksell
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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New head of exotics appointed at leading Essex animal hospital. Vet Rec 2024; 194:iv. [PMID: 38427403 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.4041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
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Olivo G, Zakia LS, Ribeiro MG, da Cunha MDLRDS, Riboli DFM, Mello PL, Teixeira NB, de Araújo CET, Oliveira-Filho JP, Borges AS. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. investigation in hospitalized horses and contacting personnel in a teaching veterinary hospital. J Equine Vet Sci 2024; 134:105031. [PMID: 38336267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2024.105031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococci are well-known opportunistic pathogens associated with suppurative diseases in humans and animals. Antimicrobial resistance is an emergent threat to humans and animals worldwide. This study investigated the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus spp. (MRS) in hospitalized horses and contacting personnel (veterinarians and staff), and assessed possible interspecies transmission in a teaching veterinary hospital. Nasal swabs from horses (n = 131) and humans (n = 35) were collected. The microorganisms were identified by traditional biochemical tests and genotypic methods, i.e., PCR, internal transcript spacer PCR (ITS-PCR), and gene sequencing. Staphylococcal species were isolated in 18% (23/131) of the horses, of which 8% (11/131) were S. hyicus, 4 % (5/131) were S. aureus, 4% (5/131) were S. pseudintermedius, and 2% (2/131) were S. schleiferi subsp. coagulans. The mecA gene was detected in an S. pseudintermedius isolate. Staphylococcus spp. was isolated in 40% (14/35) of the human samples, all of which were S. aureus. In four samples of S. aureus, the clonal profile ST398 was identified; among them, a clonal similarity of 98.1% was observed between a horse and a contacting human. This finding supports the need for biosecurity measures to avoid the spread of multidrug-resistant staphylococci in humans and horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovane Olivo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Luiza Stachewski Zakia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil.
| | - Márcio Garcia Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Production and Preventive Medicine, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da Cunha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, 250 Professor Doctor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danilo Flávio Morais Riboli
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, 250 Professor Doctor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priscila Luiza Mello
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, 250 Professor Doctor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Bibiana Teixeira
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Institute of Biosciences, 250 Professor Doctor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - César Erineudo Tavares de Araújo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - José Paes Oliveira-Filho
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Secorun Borges
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Professor Doctor Walter Mauricio Correa Street, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, 18618-681, Brazil
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11
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Jackson E, Markovic LE, Perlini M. Comparison of two-dimensional imaging to three-dimensional modeling of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts using computed tomography angiography. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2024; 65:130-137. [PMID: 38279771 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is used for the diagnosis of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (IHPSS). When planning for transcatheter intervention, caudal vena cava (CVC) measurements are typically obtained from two-dimensional (2D) imaging to aid in stent selection. We hypothesized that clinically applicable three-dimensional (3D) IHPSS models can be generated, and CVC measurements will not differ between 2D images and 3D models. Computed tomography angiography datasets from client-owned dogs with IHPSS at the University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital from 2016 to 2022 were analyzed. Materialise Mimics 25.0 and 3-matic 17.0 were used for 3D modeling. Caudal vena cava diameters were measured in 2D dorsal and transverse planes 20 mm cranial and caudal from the shunt ostium and were compared with CVC diameters from 3D models. Length was measured in the 2D dorsal plane between midpoints of each diameter and compared to the 3D model length. Data are presented as mean (SD), and intraclass correlation coefficients were performed. Three-dimensional models were generated for 32 IHPSS (15 right-, 12 left-, and five central-divisional). Two-dimensional dorsal and transverse area-associated diameter measurements were 16.7 mm (5.6) and 15.5 mm (4.2) cranial; 14.9 mm (4.2) and 14.3 mm (3.7) caudal. Three-dimensional area-associated diameter measurements were 15.3 mm (4.4) cranial and 14.0 mm (3.6) caudal. The 2D length was 61.5 mm (7.1) compared with 3D 59.9 mm (7.2). Intraclass correlation coefficients comparing 2D and 3D diameters were all >0.80, indicating very good agreement, with good agreement (>0.60) for length. Clinically applicable 3D IHPSS models can be generated using engineering software. Measurements from 3D models are consistent with 2D planar imaging. Both 2D CTA and 3D virtual models can be utilized for preprocedural planning, depending on clinician preference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Jackson
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Lauren E Markovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Michael Perlini
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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12
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Bacci S, Meucci V, Sgorbini M, De Marchi L, Pirone A, Pretti C, Tognetti R, Intorre L. Pattern of prescriptions and prudent use of antimicrobial in horse practice at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Res Vet Sci 2024; 168:105140. [PMID: 38190777 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial prescriptions of the University of Pisa and their compliance with prudent use recommendations were investigated over 11 years (2011-2021). At least one antimicrobial was always prescribed in surgical prophylaxis for the suture of wounds and in 33% of horses with signs of disease of a body system. Antimicrobials were administered in monotherapy (48%) in fixed dose combinations (21%) and empirical combinations (31%). Antimicrobials were mostly (63%) administered by parenteral route, while oral and topical antimicrobials accounted for 14% and 23% of prescriptions, respectively. Gentamicin, benzylpenicillin and ceftiofur were the most prescribed antimicrobials; aminoglycosides, penicillins and cephalosporins were the most common class of antimicrobial prescribed. Protected antimicrobials (WHO HPCIA and rifampicin) represented 24% of antimicrobial dispensations. The pattern of classes of antimicrobial used by body system was broad and included up to eight different pharmaceutical classes. The heterogeneity of antimicrobial use was confirmed by the estimate of the prescription diversity index. Antimicrobial prescriptions were in compliance with prudent use recommendations in terms of availability of diagnosis, respect of the dose range and duration of treatment On the contrary, principles of appropriate antimicrobial use have only been partially observed in relation to off-label use, use of antimicrobials in empirical combination, use of antimicrobial susceptibility tests and use of protected antimicrobials, suggesting that additional interventions are required to improve the responsible use of antimicrobials use in our equine practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Bacci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, Italy
| | - Valentina Meucci
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, Italy.
| | - Micaela Sgorbini
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, Italy
| | - Lucia De Marchi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, Italy
| | - Andrea Pirone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, Italy
| | - Carlo Pretti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, Italy
| | - Rosalba Tognetti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, Italy
| | - Luigi Intorre
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, Italy
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13
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Rigot M, Boysen SR, Masseau I, Letendre JA. Evaluation of B-lines with 2 point-of-care lung ultrasound protocols in cats with radiographically normal lungs. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2024; 34:143-152. [PMID: 38407524 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare 2 point-of-care lung ultrasound (LUS) protocols for quantification of B-lines in cats without evidence of respiratory disease based on history, physical examination, and thoracic radiography. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Single center, veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS Fifty-seven cats without respiratory disease based on history, physical examination, and thoracic radiographs. INTERVENTIONS All cats had 2 point-of-care LUS protocols performed bilaterally: a regional protocol (veterinary bedside lung ultrasound evaluation [VetBLUE]) and a more comprehensive vertical sweeping (VS) protocol. The total number of B-lines per cat, number of sites with B-lines, and maximal number of B-lines at each site were recorded and compared. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Ten cats (18%) had at least 1 B-line identified with VetBLUE, versus 29 (51%) with VS. Comparing protocols, VS had a statistically higher total number of B-lines per cat, higher number of sites with B-lines, and higher maximal number of B-lines per site. B-lines that were too numerous to count were identified at a single location in 1 cat with VetBLUE and 2 cats with VS. A maximum of 3 B-lines were identified at all other positive sites regardless of the protocol used. On average, it took 1.79 times longer to complete VS bilaterally compared to VetBLUE (median [interquartile range]: 140 [33] and 78 [14] s, respectively) (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates it is not uncommon to identify a single or even multiple B-lines in 1 or several sites on LUS in cats deemed to be clinically free of respiratory pathology-essential knowledge when using LUS as a screening test and to monitor intrathoracic lesions. In cats asymptomatic for respiratory disease, VS generally identifies more B-lines than VetBLUE, likely because it assesses a larger lung surface area. The sonographic identification of B-lines should be interpreted considering the LUS protocol used, history, and other diagnostics to determine their clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Rigot
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Søren R Boysen
- Department of Veterinary Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Isabelle Masseau
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jo-Annie Letendre
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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14
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Hepworth-Warren KL, Maynard-Swift E, Prange T, Colwell C, Stallings O, Derks KG, Love K, Hepworth DA, Marks SL. Error reporting in a large animal veterinary teaching hospital identifies medication errors occur most often in the prescribing phase of therapy. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262:1-7. [PMID: 38134457 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.10.0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the rate at which medication errors occurred over a 2-year period in a large animal veterinary teaching hospital and describe the types of errors that occurred. SAMPLE 226 medication errors over 6,155 large animal visits occurred during the study period. Multiple errors may have affected the same patient. METHODS Medication error reports from March 1, 2021, to March 31, 2023, were reviewed retrospectively and classified by species, type of drug, and month and day of the week the error occurred. Errors were categorized according to multiple previously developed systems to allow for comparison to other studies. RESULTS 226 medication errors occurred over 6,155 patient visits in a 2-year period: 57.5% (130/226) were identified by a dedicated large animal pharmacist, and 64.2% (145/226) of errors were identified and corrected before reaching the patient. Prescription/medication order errors (58.4% [132/226]) occurred significantly more often than errors in medication preparation (21.7% [49/226]; P < .001) and administration (19.6%; P < .001). Antibiotics (48.7% [110/226]) and NSAIDs (17.7% [40/226]) were the drug classes most involved in errors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Most medication errors in this study occurred in the ordering/prescribing phase. This is similar to reports in human medicine, where standardized medication error reporting strategies exist. Developing and applying similar strategies in veterinary medicine may improve patient safety and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate L Hepworth-Warren
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | | | - Timo Prange
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Curtis Colwell
- 2North Carolina State University Veterinary Hospital, Raleigh, NC
| | - Olivia Stallings
- 2North Carolina State University Veterinary Hospital, Raleigh, NC
| | - Kobi G Derks
- 2North Carolina State University Veterinary Hospital, Raleigh, NC
| | - Kim Love
- 3K. R. Love Quantitative Consulting and Collaboration, Athens, GA
| | | | - Steven L Marks
- 2North Carolina State University Veterinary Hospital, Raleigh, NC
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15
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Álvarez-Pérez S, Rodríguez-Franco F, García-Sancho M, Tercero-Guerrero D, Sainz Á, García ME, Blanco JL. Analysis of the culturable gut yeast microbiota of dogs with digestive disorders. Res Vet Sci 2024; 168:105153. [PMID: 38219470 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Despite the increasing interest in studying the gut mycobiota of dogs, the association between fungal colonization and the development of digestive disorders in this species remains largely understudied. On the other hand, the high prevalence of antifungal-resistant yeasts detected in previous studies in samples from animals represents a major threat to public health. We analyzed the presence of culturable yeasts in 112 rectal swab samples obtained from dogs with digestive disorders attended in a veterinary teaching hospital. Our results revealed that Malassezia pachydermatis was frequently isolated from the studied dog population (33.9% of samples), and that the isolation of this yeast was significantly associated to the age of animals, but not to their sex, disease group, or the presence of vomits and/or diarrhea. In contrast, other yeast species were less prevalent (17.9% of samples in total), and their isolation was not significantly associated to any variable included in the analysis. Additionally, we observed that 97.5% of the studied M. pachydermatis isolates (n = 158, 1-6 per positive episode) displayed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value >4 μg/ml to nystatin, 31.6% had a MIC ≥32 μg/ml to fluconazole, and 27.2% had a MIC >4 μg/ml to amphotericin B. The antifungal susceptibility profiles of non-Malassezia (n = 43, 1-7 per episode) were more variable and included elevated MIC values for some antifungal-species combinations. These results confirm that the intestine of dogs is a reservoir of opportunistic pathogenic yeasts and suggest that the prevalence of M. pachydermatis colonization depends more on the age of animals than on any specific digestive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Álvarez-Pérez
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain.
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Franco
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Mercedes García-Sancho
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Daniela Tercero-Guerrero
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Ángel Sainz
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Marta E García
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - José L Blanco
- Department of Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain; Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Avenida Puerta de Hierro s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
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16
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Dannemiller NG, Ozawa SM, Petritz OA, Musulin SE. Major crossmatch compatibility of rabbit blood with rabbit, canine, and feline blood. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2024; 34:116-122. [PMID: 38407442 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the major crossmatch compatibility between rabbit recipients, rabbit donors, and the major canine and feline blood types. DESIGN Prospective in vitro study in December 2021. SETTING Academic veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS Whole blood samples were collected from 11 healthy New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) with no previous transfusion history. Three pigtail segments were acquired from dog erythrocyte antigen (DEA)-1-positive, DEA-1-negative, and feline type A blood units. Whole blood was collected from a healthy type B blood donor cat. INTERVENTIONS Blood from each rabbit recipient underwent a major crossmatch using standard tube crossmatch methodology with itself and the following donor blood types: rabbit, DEA-1-positive, DEA-1-negative, feline type A, and feline type B. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Self-crossmatches and crossmatches between rabbit recipients and conspecific donors were negative for hemolysis and agglutination. Crossmatches between rabbit recipients and canine and feline donors yielded no hemolysis but produced varying degrees of macroscopic and microscopic agglutination. Rabbit recipients had 1.4 (95% confidence interval: 1.1-1.8) times the risk of macroscopic agglutination when major crossmatched with canine blood compared to feline blood. No significant difference in agglutination was found between DEA-1-positive and DEA-1-negative or feline type A and type B donors. CONCLUSIONS These findings support allogeneic blood transfusions between rabbits being highly compatible and suggest rabbits have naturally occurring alloantibodies against both canine and feline red blood cells. However, feline red blood cells had a lower rate of in vitro incompatibility on major crossmatch, suggesting potentially higher in vivo compatibility if an emergency xenotransfusion is needed. Further prospective research is needed to determine if xenotransfusion is associated with a higher incidence of acute and delayed transfusion reactions in rabbits than allogeneic transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas G Dannemiller
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah M Ozawa
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Olivia A Petritz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sarah E Musulin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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17
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Girma S, Bekele T, Leta S, Tegegne DT, Demissie T, Hadush B, Aragaw K, Tufa TB, Tolera TS, Tafess K. Evaluation of the effect of therapeutic durations on small ruminant bacterial pneumonia. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:68. [PMID: 38395815 PMCID: PMC10893678 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03917-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sheep and goat production in Ethiopia is hindered by numerous substandard production systems and various diseases. Respiratory disease complexes (RDC) pose a significant threat to the productivity of these animals. Pneumonia is a common manifestation of respiratory disease complexes and often necessitates a prolonged course of antibiotic treatment. This study aimed to optimize and propose the ideal duration of therapy for pneumonia in sheep and goats. METHODS The study was conducted from February to June 2021 at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University. The study recruited 54 sheep and goats presented to the hospital for treatment with a confirmed RDC as determined based on clinical signs and bacteriological methods. The animals were randomly allocated to 5 groups each group receiving 10% oxytetracycline (Phenxyl, Phenix, Belgum) intramuscularly for a duration of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 consecutive days. The treatment outcomes were assessed by recording vital signs (body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, coughing, and nasal discharges), performing lung ultrasonography (L-USG) as well as collection of nasal swabs for bacterial isolation and molecular identification before and after completion of the treatment. An ordered logistic regression model with random effects was employed to determine the optimal therapeutic duration, taking into account the cumulative scores of the outcome variables across the different groups. RESULTS Among the 54 sheep and goats treated with 10% oxytetracycline, a total of 74.07% (95% CI, 60.35-85.04) achieved complete recovery, as confirmed through clinical, ultrasound, and bacteriological methods. In Group 1 (G1), out of 12 sheep and goats, 8 (83.0%) recovered completely; in Group 2 (G2), out of 11 animals, 9 (82.0%) recovered completely; in Group 3 (G3), out of 11 animals, 10 (93.0%) recovered completely; in Group 4 (G4), out of 9 animals, 9 (100.0%) recovered completely; and in Group 5 (G5), out of 11 animals, 10 (91.0%) recovered completely. Bacteriological examination of nasal swabs indicated involvement of M. hemolytica in 27 (50.00%) and P. multocida in 13 (24.07%) of pneumonic animals. Detection of specific marker genes confirmed only five of the presumptive M. hemolytica isolates, whilst no isolates tested positive for P. multocida. Post-treatment samples collected from recovered animals did not yield any M. hemolytica nor P. multocida. Based on results from clinical signs, L-USG, and bacterial infection variables, the group of sheep and goats treated for seven consecutive days (G5) showed the highest recovery score compared to the other groups, and there was a statistically significant difference (coefficient (β) = - 2.296, p = 0.021) in variable score between G5 and G1. These findings suggest that the administration of 10% oxytetracycline for a full course of seven consecutive days resulted in symptomatic and clinical recovery rates from respiratory disease in sheep and goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisay Girma
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tesfaye Bekele
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Samson Leta
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Desiye Tesfaye Tegegne
- National Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 249, Holeta, Ethiopia
| | - Tilaye Demissie
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Hadush
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia
| | - Kassaye Aragaw
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hawassa University, P.O. Box 05, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Takele Beyene Tufa
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Teshale Sori Tolera
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
| | - Ketema Tafess
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia.
- Department of Applied Biology, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia.
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18
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Janas KEA, Tobias KM, Aisa J. Clinical outcomes for 20 cats with congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunts treated with ameroid constrictor ring attenuation (2002-2020). Vet Surg 2024; 53:243-253. [PMID: 38153121 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.14066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the clinical perioperative, short-term, and long-term outcomes for cats undergoing ameroid ring constrictor (ARC) attenuation of a congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EHPSS). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series from a single veterinary teaching hospital (2002-2020). ANIMALS Twenty client-owned cats with EHPSS. METHODS Data collected from medical records included signalment, history, physical examination, clinicopathologic testing, medications, diagnostic imaging, intraoperative findings, perioperative complications, and postoperative clinical outcomes. Long-term clinical outcome was obtained from a standardized owner interview or medical records. RESULTS Perioperative complications were reported in five cats out of 20, including blindness (two cats), ascites (one cat), head pressing (one cat), and seizures and death (one cat). Short-term clinical outcome was excellent in 14/18 cats, good in 2/18 cats, and poor in 2/18 cats that were available for follow up, and long term clinical outcome was excellent in 15/18, good in 1/18 cats, and poor in 2/18 cats that were available for follow up. CONCLUSION Long-term clinical outcome was good or excellent in 16/18 of cats available for follow up. Perioperative complications were reported in five cats. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Surgical attenuation of EHPSS with an ARC can result in resolution of clinical signs and biochemical abnormalities in the majority of cats. The perioperative complication rate for feline patients with EHPSS attenuated with an ARC was lower than reported historically. Seizures may persist in the long term despite normal bile acid stimulation test results, complete blood count, and biochemistry analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krysta E A Janas
- University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Karen M Tobias
- University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Josep Aisa
- University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
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19
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Lee S, Alkathiri B, Jung JS, Kang N, Hwang J, Park SE, Hong Y, Park KM, Lee SH. Molecular detection and characterization of Acanthamoeba infection in dogs and its association with keratitis in Korea. Parasites Hosts Dis 2024; 62:139-144. [PMID: 38443777 PMCID: PMC10915269 DOI: 10.3347/phd.23112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba infection is associated with keratitis in humans; however, its association with keratitis in dogs remains unclear. To investigate this possibility, we collected 171 conjunctival swab samples from dogs with eye-related diseases (65 with keratitis and 106 without keratitis) at Chungbuk National University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Korea, from August 2021 to September 2022. Polymerase chain reaction identified 9 samples (5.3%) as Acanthamoeba positive; of these, 3 were from dogs with keratitis (4.6%) and 6 were from dogs without keratitis (5.7%). Our results indicated no significant association between Acanthamoeba infection and keratitis, season, sex, or age. All Acanthamoeba organisms found in this study had the genotype T4, according to 18S ribosomal RNA analysis. Acanthamoeba infection in dogs might have only a limited association with keratitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644,
Korea
| | - Badriah Alkathiri
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644,
Korea
| | - Ji Seung Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644,
Korea
| | - Nanyoung Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644,
Korea
| | - Jiyi Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644,
Korea
| | - Sang-Eun Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644,
Korea
| | - Yeonchul Hong
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944,
Korea
| | - Kyung-Mee Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644,
Korea
| | - Seung-Hun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644,
Korea
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20
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Lanci A, Perina F, Armani S, Merlo B, Iacono E, Castagnetti C, Mariella J. Could assisted reproductive techniques affect equine fetal membranes and neonatal outcome? Theriogenology 2024; 215:125-131. [PMID: 38052132 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Embryo transfer (ET) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are widely used in equine species, but their effects on fetal adnexa and neonates have not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate whether pregnancies obtained by ET or ICSI could be associated with the presence of macroscopic alterations of fetal membranes (FM) and umbilical cord (UC) and if the use of these techniques could influence neonatal outcome. Sixty-six light breed mares hospitalized at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Bologna, for attending delivery were included in the study. Mares were divided into Artificial Insemination (AI; 32/66 mares, 48 %), Embryo Transfer (ET; 12/66 mares, 18.2 %) and Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI; 22/66 mares, 33 %) groups. All the medical reports of mares and their foals were reviewed and data about mare, pregnancy, foaling, fetal membranes, umbilical cord and foal were recorded. The occurrence of dystocia resulted statistically different between AI group and ICSI group (p = 0.0066), and between AI group and ET group (p = 0.044). Macroscopic examination of FM revealed alterations in 30/66 mares (46 %): 8/32 in AI (25 %), 7/12 in ET (58 %) and 15/22 in ICSI (68 %) with significant lower incidence in AI compared to ET (p = 0.04) and ICSI (p = 0.002) groups. Alterations reported were chorionic villi hypoplasia, chorioallantois edema, allantois cysts, necrotic areas and greenish-grey concretions. Total length of UC resulted significantly shorter in ICSI group (49 ± 9 cm; p < 0.03) compared to AI (60 ± 17 cm) and ET (59 ± 15 cm). However, there were no differences in the incidence of foals' diseases at birth and in foals' survival among groups (p > 0.05). The results demonstrate that transfer of in vivo or in vitro produced embryos may lead to alterations of placental development, as observed in other species, without being associated with a higher incidence of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Further studies about trophoblast development, FM histological evaluation, and placental gene expression should be carried out to clarify the mechanisms underlying the placental alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliai Lanci
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50- 40064-Ozzano Dell' Emilia (BO), Italy.
| | - Francesca Perina
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50- 40064-Ozzano Dell' Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Sabrina Armani
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50- 40064-Ozzano Dell' Emilia (BO), Italy
| | - Barbara Merlo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50- 40064-Ozzano Dell' Emilia (BO), Italy; Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eleonora Iacono
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50- 40064-Ozzano Dell' Emilia (BO), Italy; Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carolina Castagnetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50- 40064-Ozzano Dell' Emilia (BO), Italy; Health Science and Technologies Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research (HST-ICIR), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jole Mariella
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Tolara di Sopra 50- 40064-Ozzano Dell' Emilia (BO), Italy
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21
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Gerken A, Lee K, Bain M, Kim SA. Correlation between aggression at the veterinary clinic and problem behaviors at home for cats in the USA. J Feline Med Surg 2024; 26:1098612X231214907. [PMID: 38415601 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x231214907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to determine whether cats that exhibit aggression during veterinary visits are more likely to have behavior problems at home. METHODS An online, anonymous, cross-sectional survey was developed and distributed to residents in the USA who were aged over 18 years and who were the primary owners of at least one cat. The survey collected information about cat and household factors, and utilized a validated questionnaire instrument for obtaining behavioral information of pet cats. RESULTS Aggression at the veterinary clinic was reported in 42.6% of the cats. The frequency of aggression exhibited at the veterinary clinic was lower in cats that lived in multi-cat households. Most cats did not receive medications intended to reduce fear, anxiety and/or pain before veterinary visits. Aggression at the veterinary clinic was positively associated with behavior problems at home, including stranger-directed aggression, owner-directed aggression, resistance to restraint, familiar cat aggression, dog-directed aggression, house-soiling, separation-related behaviors and scratching claws on inappropriate surfaces indoors. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Cats that exhibit aggression at the veterinary clinic are more likely to exhibit aggression and anxiety-related behaviors at home. Veterinarians should screen cats that exhibit aggression at the veterinary clinic for behavior problems at home to institute prompt diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Gerken
- Behavior Service, San Francisco SPCA Veterinary Hospital, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kyuyoung Lee
- Institute of Viral Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Korea University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Melissa Bain
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sun-A Kim
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chungbuk National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
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22
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Vaitaitis G, Webb T, Webb C, Sharkey C, Sharkey S, Waid D, Wagner DH. Canine diabetes mellitus demonstrates multiple markers of chronic inflammation including Th40 cell increases and elevated systemic-immune inflammation index, consistent with autoimmune dysregulation. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1319947. [PMID: 38318506 PMCID: PMC10839093 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1319947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Canine diabetes mellitus (CDM) is a relatively common endocrine disease in dogs. Many CDM clinical features resemble human type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), but lack of autoimmune biomarkers makes calling the disease autoimmune controversial. Autoimmune biomarkers linking CDM and T1DM would create an alternative model for drug development impacting both human and canine disease. Methods We examined peripheral blood of diagnosed CDM dog patients comparing it to healthy control (HC) dogs. Dogs were recruited to a study at the Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital and blood samples collected for blood chemistry panels, complete blood counts (CBC), and immunologic analysis. Markers of disease progression such as glycated albumin (fructosamine, the canine equivalent of human HbA1c) and c-peptide were addressed. Results Significant differences in adaptive immune lymphocytes, innate immune macrophages/monocytes and neutrophils and differences in platelets were detected between CDM and HC based on CBC. Significant differences in serum glucose, cholesterol and the liver function enzyme alkaline phosphatase were also detected. A systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and chronic inflammation index (CII) as measures of dynamic changes in adaptive and innate cells between inflammatory and non-inflammatory conditions were created with highly significant differences between CDM and HC. Th40 cells (CD4+CD40+ T cells) that are demonstrably pathogenic in mouse T1DM and able to differentiate diabetic from non-diabetic subjects in human T1DM were significantly expanded in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Conclusions Based on each clinical finding, CDM can be categorized as an autoimmune condition. The association of significantly elevated Th40 cells in CDM when compared to HC or to osteoarthritis, a chronic but non-autoimmune disease, suggests peripheral blood Th40 cell numbers as a biomarker that reflects CDM chronic inflammation. The differences in SII and CII further underscore those findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Vaitaitis
- Department of Medicine, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Tracy Webb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Craig Webb
- Department of Clinical Sciences, The Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Christina Sharkey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Montclaire Animal Clinic, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Steve Sharkey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Montclaire Animal Clinic, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Dan Waid
- Op-T, LLC, Fitzsimmons Innovation Bioscience, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - David H. Wagner
- Department of Medicine, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Op-T, LLC, Fitzsimmons Innovation Bioscience, Aurora, CO, United States
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23
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Granger KL, Guieu LV, Zersen KM. Length of hospitalization, APPLE score, and number of intravenous catheters placed at admission are associated with increased odds of peripheral intravenous catheter complications in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262:1-7. [PMID: 37918104 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.05.0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors associated with peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) complications in dogs hospitalized in the critical care unit (CCU). ANIMALS 107 dogs admitted to the CCU between October 2022 and March 2023. METHODS This prospective, observational clinical trial was performed at a single veterinary teaching hospital. Dogs hospitalized in the CCU for at least 24 hours were evaluated for enrollment. PIVC were placed following a standardized protocol and monitored for complications. PIVC complications were classified as extravasation, phlebitis, dislodgement, occlusion, line breakage, or patient removal. RESULTS Median PIVC dwell time was 46.50 hours (range, 24.25 to 159.25 hours). Overall PIVC complication rate was 12.1% (13/107), with phlebitis (4/107 [3.7%]) and extravasation (4/107 [3.7%]) being the most frequently recorded complications. Multivariable analysis identified increasing length of hospitalization (LOH; OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.97; P = .029), an acute patient physiologic and laboratory evaluation full (APPLEFULL) score > 35 (OR, 4.66; 95% CI, 1.09 to 19.90; P = .038), and having 2 PIVCs placed at admission (OR, 10.92; 95% CI, 1.96 to 60.73; P = .006) as risk factors for PIVC complication. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Increasing LOH, an APPLEFULL score > 35 and having 2 PIVCs placed at admission were associated with increased odds for PIVC complication in this study. Although these are independent risk factors for PIVC complication, the combination of increasing LOH, an APPLEFULL score > 35, and having 2 PIVCs placed at admission may represent a more severely ill population, drawing attention to a vulnerable group of dogs at risk for PIVC complication.
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24
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Gant P, Barfield D, Florey J. Comparison of insulin infusion protocols for management of canine and feline diabetic ketoacidosis. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2024; 34:23-30. [PMID: 37987148 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Describe the use of fixed-rate intravenous insulin infusions (FRIs) in cats and dogs with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and determine if this is associated with faster resolution of ketosis compared to variable-rate intravenous insulin infusions (VRIs). Secondary objectives were to evaluate complication rates, length of hospitalization (LOH), and survival to discharge (STD). DESIGN Randomized clinical trial (January 2019 to July 2020). SETTING University veterinary teaching hospital and private referral hospital. ANIMALS Dogs and cats with DKA and venous pH <7.3, blood glucose concentration >11 mmol/L (198 mg/dL), and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentration >3 mmol/L were eligible for inclusion. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either FRI or VRI. INTERVENTIONS Neutral (regular) insulin was administered IV as an FRI or VRI. For FRI, the rate was maintained at 0.01 IU/kg/h. For VRI, the dose was adjusted according to blood glucose concentration. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS Sixteen cats and 20 dogs were enrolled. Population characteristics, mean insulin infusion rate, time to resolution of ketosis (BHB <0.6 mmol/L), complications, LOH, and STD were evaluated. In cats, overall resolution of ketosis was low (9/16 [56.3%]), limiting comparison of protocols. In dogs, resolution of ketosis was high (19/20 dogs [95.0%]) but the time to resolution in the FRI group was not different than that in the VRI group (P = 0.89), despite a 25% higher average insulin infusion rate in the FRI group (P = 0.04). The incidence of complications was low and did not differ between protocols. In cats, LOH and STD did not differ between protocols. All cats that died (5/16) did so within 78 hours and none had resolution of ketosis. Dogs receiving FRI had a shorter LOH (P = 0.01) but STD did not differ between protocols. Six dogs (30.0%) did not survive to hospital discharge but all had resolution of ketosis. CONCLUSIONS FRIs can be used in veterinary species but may not hasten resolution of ketosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy Gant
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Willows Referral Service, Solihull, UK
| | - Dominic Barfield
- Section of Emergency and Critical Care, Department of Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Jessica Florey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dick White Referrals, Cambridgeshire, UK
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25
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Huckins GL, Tournade C, Patson C, Sladky KK. Lidocaine constant rate infusion improves the probability of survival in rabbits with gastrointestinal obstructions: 64 cases (2012-2021). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2024; 262:61-67. [PMID: 37758182 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.05.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the survival to discharge rate of rabbits with gastrointestinal obstructions treated with lidocaine constant rate infusion (CRI) and other factors associated with survival. ANIMALS Cases of gastrointestinal obstruction in rabbits (n = 56, including 64 events) that had presented to a veterinary teaching hospital from 2012 to 2021. METHODS This was a retrospective study in which data on rabbits with evidence of gastrointestinal obstruction were extracted from veterinary teaching hospital medical records over a 9-year period. Systemic lidocaine treatment, breed, sex, age, temperature at presentation, blood glucose at presentation, and time to discharge or death were evaluated with univariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify factors significantly associated with survival to hospital discharge in rabbits with gastrointestinal obstruction. RESULTS Comparatively, 89.7% of rabbits treated with lidocaine CRI (n = 39) survived to hospital discharge, while only 56% of rabbits that were not treated with lidocaine CRI (25) survived. In the final multivariate analysis, 2 factors were associated with survival to discharge: rabbits treated with systemic lidocaine and male rabbits had increased odds of survival compared to those not treated with systemic lidocaine and female rabbits, respectively. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results demonstrated that rabbits with gastrointestinal obstruction and treated with a lidocaine CRI were more likely to survive compared to rabbits not treated with lidocaine CRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail L Huckins
- 1Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- 2Veterinary Medical Center, Oregon Zoo, Portland, OR
| | - Chelsey Tournade
- 1Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Courtney Patson
- 1Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- 3Fresno Chaffee Zoo, Fresno, CA
| | - Kurt K Sladky
- 1Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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26
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Buseman M, Blong AE, Yuan L, Mochel JP, Walton RAL. Retrospective evaluation of admission total plasma protein as a predictor of red blood cell transfusion requirement in dogs diagnosed with traumatic and nontraumatic hemoabdomen: 90 dogs (2009-2019). J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2024; 34:76-80. [PMID: 37961036 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of admission total plasma protein (TPP) and the administration of red blood cell transfusions in dogs with diagnosed hemoabdomen. To secondarily evaluate additional point-of-care parameters associated with red blood cell transfusion administration. DESIGN Retrospective study between 2009 and 2019. SETTING University veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS Ninety dogs admitted to a university veterinary teaching hospital after a diagnosis of traumatic or nontraumatic hemoabdomen (NTH). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Medical records were retrospectively reviewed; signalment, point-of-care diagnostics, and transfusion administration information was recorded. A total of 47 dogs (traumatic hemoabdomen 11/26; NTH 36/64) received packed red blood cell transfusions. For each 1 g/dL unit decrease in TPP, dogs had an increased odds ratio (OR) of 2.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44-3.40, P < 0.001) of receiving a red blood cell transfusion. Dogs diagnosed with NTH were more likely to receive a red blood cell transfusion than dogs with a traumatic hemoabdomen (OR: 2.78, 95% CI: 1.11-7.141, P = 0.03). Lower PCV values (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04-1.12, P < 0.001), bicarbonate values (OR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.09-1.56, P = 0.003), and base excess (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.1-1.49, P = 0.003) were associated with a higher likelihood of red blood cell transfusion. Additionally, higher lactate (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.16-1.63, P < 0.001) and Acute Patient Physiologic and Laboratory Evaluation (APPLE)fast scores (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04-1.17, P < 0.001) were associated with increased red blood cell transfusion administration. CONCLUSIONS Low admission TPP, independent of low PCV, was associated with red blood cell transfusions regardless of underlying cause. For each 1 g/dL unit decrease in TPP on presentation, dogs were approximately 2 times more likely to receive a red blood cell transfusion during hospitalization. Other factors that were associated with increased transfusion administration included presenting PCV, PCV/TPP ratio, bicarbonate, base excess, lactate, and APPLEfast scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Buseman
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - April E Blong
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Lingnan Yuan
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Jonathan P Mochel
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Rebecca A L Walton
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- VCA West Los Angeles, VCA West Los Angeles Animal Hospital, CA, USA
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Couture M, Stellato AC, Moody CM, Niel L. Owner Perspectives of Cat Handling Techniques Used in the Veterinary Clinic. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2024; 27:46-56. [PMID: 35188008 DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2022.2039144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
An online cross-sectional survey was used to assess cat owner attitudes towards 12 cat handling techniques used during veterinary appointments. Likert-scale questions were designed to assess level of agreement with handling techniques when the participants' cat is calm, fearful, or aggressive. We examined the influence of participant's cat attachment and demographic information on agreement towards common handling techniques. Overall, participants (n = 1754) disagreed with higher restraint techniques such as full body with scruffing, and agreed with lower restraint methods such as minimal restraint and use of towels, regardless of cat demeanor. Logistic regression models revealed that participants were more likely to disagree with the use of full body restraint with scruff on fearful cats if they had a higher pet attachment score (p = 0.002), were residents of the US (p = 0.003), or were between the ages of 51-70 years of age (p = 0.001). Owner agreement with techniques involving a lower degree of restraint during routine veterinary procedures provides further support for current recommendations encouraging handlers to use these techniques with cats, and to avoid methods requiring a higher degree of restraint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalyn Couture
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Carly M Moody
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lee Niel
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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28
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Miller AK, Regier PJ, Colee JC. Complications and outcome following staphylectomy and folded flap palatoplasty in dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. Vet Surg 2024; 53:29-37. [PMID: 37431947 DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of pre-, intra-, and postoperative variables and complications associated with staphylectomy (S) and folded flap palatoplasty (FFP). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective study. SAMPLE POPULATION Client-owned dogs (n = 124). METHODS Medical records of S and FFP dogs from a veterinary teaching hospital were reviewed between July 2012 and December 2019. Signalment, clinical pre-, intra-, and postoperative data were collected and reviewed. Median (interquartile range) was reported. RESULTS A total of 124 dogs among 14 breeds underwent surgical treatment for an elongated soft palate with either a S (n = 64) or FFP (60). FFP dogs without concurrent non-airway procedures were associated with longer duration of surgery (p = .02; n = 63; S, median = 51 min [34-85]; FFP, median = 75 min [56.25-94.5]) and anesthesia (p = .02; n = 63; S, median = 80 min [66-125]; FFP, median = 111 min [91-140.8]). Neither soft palate surgery was associated with the occurrence of anesthetic complications (p = .30; 99/120; S, 49; FFP, 50), postoperative regurgitation (p = .18; 27/124; S, 17; FFP, 10), or with hospitalization duration (p = .94; n = 124; S, median = 1 day [1]; FFP, median = 1 [1]). Postoperative aspiration pneumonia (9/124; S, 4; FFP, 5) and major complications were rare (5/124; S, 3; FFP, 2). CONCLUSION S and FFP had similar anesthetic and perioperative complications, although FFP dogs had longer anesthetic and operative times. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Although FFP took longer, no other clinically significant differences were appreciated between S and FFP procedures. Because of limitations inherent in study design, surgeons should continue to use clinical judgment when deciding on a procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annellie K Miller
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Penny J Regier
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - James C Colee
- Institute of Farm and Agricultural Sciences, Statistics Consulting Unit, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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29
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Silva BA, do Amarante VS, Xavier RGC, Colombo SA, da Silva TF, Brenig B, Aburjaile FF, de Carvalho Azevedo VA, Silva ROS. Characterization of ESBL/AmpC-producing extraintestinal Escherichia coli (ExPEC) in dogs treated at a veterinary hospital in Brazil. Res Vet Sci 2024; 166:105106. [PMID: 38086217 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
The clinical aspects and lineages involved in Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) infections in dogs remain largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the antimicrobial resistance and molecular structures of ExPECs isolated from infected dogs in Brazil. Samples were obtained from dogs (n = 42) with suspected extraintestinal bacterial infections. Phylogroup B2 was predominant (65.1%). No association was observed between the site of infection, phylogroups, or virulence factors. Almost half of the isolates (44.2%) were MDR, and 20.9% were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-positive. E. coli isolates that were resistant to fluoroquinolones (27.9%) were more likely to be MDR. The CTX-M-15 enzyme was predominant among the ESBL-producing strains, and seven sequence types were identified, including the high-risk clones ST44 and ST131. Single SNPs analysis confirmed the presence of two clonal transmissions. The present study showed a high frequency of ExPECs from phylogroup B2 infecting various sites and a high frequency of ESBL-producing strains that included STs frequently associated with human infection. This study also confirmed the nosocomial transmission of ESBL-producing E. coli, highlighting the need for further studies on the prevention and diagnosis of nosocomial infections in veterinary settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendhal Almeida Silva
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Victor Santos do Amarante
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael Gariglio Clark Xavier
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Salene Angelini Colombo
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Tales Fernando da Silva
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | - Bertram Brenig
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Flavia Figueira Aburjaile
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Otávio Silveira Silva
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antônio Carlos Avenue, 6627, Belo Horizonte 31.270-901, MG, Brazil.
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30
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Wheatley MA, Stowe DM, Mochizuki H. Eosinophilic cavitary effusions in cats: 48 cases (2010-2020). Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52:681-690. [PMID: 37788981 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eosinophilic effusions are commonly defined as effusions with ≥10% eosinophils. Eosinophilic cavitary effusions are infrequently observed in cats, with few case reports comprising the majority of the recent literature. OBJECTIVE The objective was to review disease associations of cats with eosinophilic cavitary effusions and to assess if a lower threshold of eosinophils (5%-9%) may warrant consideration of similar etiologies associated with effusions with ≥10% eosinophils. METHODS Cytology reports were retrospectively reviewed for all feline cavitary effusions submitted for fluid analysis from 2010 to 2020 at a veterinary teaching hospital. Cases were included if the manual leukocyte differential included ≥5% eosinophils and separated into 5%-9% and ≥10% eosinophils groups. Patient records were reviewed for associated medical conditions. RESULTS A total of 669 effusions were submitted from 579 cats; 50 effusions from 48 cats had a leukocyte differential with ≥5% eosinophils. The eosinophil proportion was ≥10% in 22 cats; the most common underlying cause was neoplasia (10/22, 45%), followed by inflammatory disease (4/22, 18%), cardiac disease (3/22, 14%), suspect neoplasia (3/22, 14%), and undetermined (2/22, 9%). The underlying causes for the 26 cats with 5%-9% eosinophils were similar; neoplasia (8/26, 31%), cardiac disease (6/26, 23%), inflammatory disease (4/26, 15%), suspect neoplasia (3/26, 12%), undetermined (3/26, 12%), and idiopathic chylothorax (2/26, 8%). Cats with eosinophil proportions ≥10% in the fluid exhibited peripheral eosinophilia more frequently (35%) compared to those with 5%-9% eosinophils (5%). CONCLUSIONS Consistent with the current literature, neoplasia, particularly lymphoma, remains a primary consideration for cats with eosinophilic effusions. Previously unreported associated diseases included cardiovascular and inflammatory disorders. Our findings suggest an eosinophil differential of 5%-9% is seen with similar etiologies considered for classically defined eosinophilic effusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan A Wheatley
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Devorah M Stowe
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Mochizuki
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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Hofmeister EH, Love L. Patient safety culture is needed in veterinary medicine. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:1908-1912. [PMID: 37669751 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.07.0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies in human medicine indicate that between 22,000 and 400,000 people die every year as a direct result of medical errors. In veterinary medicine, 42% of human-caused incidents caused harm to the patient, including 5% resulting in death. In a university veterinary teaching hospital, there were 5.3 errors/1,000 patient visits, and 4 of these resulted in death. Veterinary medicine falls far behind other safety-critical industries in adopting a culture of patient safety. Organizations should respond in a just and effective way when errors occur. Psychological safety for team members to identify and speak up about areas of concern must be created and the results of improvements made based on these concerns shared within the professional group. If veterinary medicine is going to embrace patient safety culture, it needs to be included in the curriculum. Accrediting and licensing bodies need to require the teaching and application of principles of patient safety culture. Faculty must be trained to deliver patient safety-oriented care. Experts in human systems engineering should be brought in to educate veterinarians on how the systems we work in impact patient outcomes. If we are going to fulfill the promise of the Veterinarian's Oath, we must embrace patient safety culture and all the difficult changes it requires of our professional culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik H Hofmeister
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL
| | - Lydia Love
- 2Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
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Headley SA, Gomes ALPL, Martinelli TM, Fritzen JTT, Teixeira Vanzela AL, Silva FHP, Gaspar T, Giordano LGP, Alfieri AA, Gomes LA. The pathology of canine mammary candidiasis with embolic dissemination in a dog. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106424. [PMID: 37913829 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Candidiasis is a fungal disease caused by Candida albicans or other members of the genus Candida. Descriptions of candidiasis are comparatively reduced in veterinary relative to human medicine, with no cases of mammary candidiasis being identified in pet animals. This report presents the cytological, pathological, and molecular findings of mammary candidiasis with embolic dissemination in a postpartum dog. A 1-year-old, female Shih-tzu dog that had recently given birth was admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital in Southern Brazil after repeated episodes of intermittent mammary disease and a neurological syndrome. The dog was euthanized due to worsened clinical status and poor prognosis despite adequate clinical therapy and was submitted for routine post-mortem evaluation to determine the cause of the neurological manifestations. Cytological analysis of purulent mastitis identified intralesional fungal hyphae. Gross evaluation revealed multiple masses within the kidneys, liver, myocardium, pancreas, and brain. Routine histopathology and histochemistry identified fungal nephritis, hepatitis, myocarditis, pancreatitis, and encephalitis associated with intralesional fungal hyphae, frequently with fungal emboli and vasculitis. Pure cultures of C. albicans were obtained from fragments of the masses observed at the myocardium and kidneys, with the typical germ tube of C. albicans being identified by microscopic evaluation. A PCR assay that targeted the ITS1 and 4 generic regions of fungi, amplified the desired amplicon, and direct sequencing confirmed C. albicans. Immunohistochemical and molecular assays designed to identify common infectious disease pathogens of dogs did not confirm the participation of canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, or canine adenovirus in the target tissues of this dog. These findings suggest that this dog suffered an initial cutaneous lesion, that probably served as portal of entry to the mammary gland, resulting in mammary candidiasis with subsequent embolic dissemination to multiple organs. This report represent the first description of mammary candidiasis in pet animals and probably one of the few pathological descriptions of mammary candidiasis in domestic animals. In this case, the cause of the fungal infection was probably associated with factors intrinsic to abdominal surgery, pregnancy, and the utilization of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory (LAMSA), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Ana Laura Paulino Leite Gomes
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tayná Mesias Martinelli
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliana Torres Tomazi Fritzen
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Teixeira Vanzela
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flavia Helena Pereira Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Taís Gaspar
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucienne Garcia Pretto Giordano
- Laboratory of Animal Mycology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory (LAMSA), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucas Alecio Gomes
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Kogan LR, Rishniw M. Differences in perceptions and satisfaction exist among veterinarians employed at corporate versus privately owned veterinary clinics. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:1838-1846. [PMID: 37607680 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.06.0326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare and contrast the views of benefits and general work conditions of participants working in corporate hospitals compared to those working in privately owned hospitals. SAMPLE Veterinary members of the Veterinary Information Network (VIN) working as associate veterinarians in corporate- or privately owned hospitals. METHODS An electronic survey distributed via the VIN data collection portal. RESULTS A total of 896 responses from associate veterinarians working full time were received, of which 286 (31.9%) reported working in private practice and 610 (68.1%) in corporate practice. Fifty-five percent of participants indicated a preference for working in private practice compared to 12% preferring corporate practice. Veterinarians working in corporate practice were more likely to report receiving insurance (health, dental, life, and short-term disability), mental wellness programs (eg, counseling), wellness mobile apps, VIN membership, and continuing education paid by their employer than those working in privately owned practices. However, participants in private practice reported higher satisfaction with feeling known as an individual by upper management, hospital culture, the ability to fire difficult or abusive clients, and mentorship. Those working in corporate practices reported feeling more pressure than those in private practice to generate revenue and see more clients per shift. CLINICAL RELEVANCE There are positives and negatives of corporate-owned hospitals when compared to privately owned practices. Corporate hospitals may be well positioned to make large organizational-level changes that can improve work culture and, as a result, the well-being and retention of small animal practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori R Kogan
- 1College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO
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Santarém VA, Pinto GLB, de Souza Filho RT, Ferreira IB, Lescano SAZ, Gonzáles WHR, Kosloski J, Ribeiro J, Giuffrida R, Dos Santos AP, Kmetiuk LB, Biondo AW. Risk factors for toxocariasis during incarceration: the One Health intervention approach. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19470. [PMID: 37945589 PMCID: PMC10636119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite potential exposure to soil-transmitted helminths, especially when stray dogs and cats are present, toxocariasis in inmate populations remains to be established. Accordingly, the present study assessed the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of toxocariasis at the Women's State Penitentiary of Parana, Brazil. A total of 234/370 (63.2%; 95% CI 58.2-68.0) women inmates and 28/87 (32.2%; 95% CI 23.3-42.6) correctional officers were seropositive for anti-Toxocara spp. IgG by ELISA, with inmates 2.62-fold more likely positive (p = 0.00000026). The univariate model has identified that non-white (OR = 1.58, p = 0.047) and older than 39 years (OR = 1.28, p = 0.032) inmates were associated with mild but significant odds for seropositivity. Elementary or higher educational level was considered a protective factor for seropositivity. The presence of Toxocara spp. eggs was observed in 10/15 (66.7%) collected soil samples by centrifuge-flotation in Zinc Sulfate, and molecular analysis by PCR identified only Toxocara cati in these eggs. An intervention program was established with regular trap-neuter-release, with gradual removal for adoption (donation campaigns), treatment, and euthanasia when necessary (particularly due to advanced sporotrichosis). In addition, an educational awareness agenda was proposed, aiming to reduce soil contamination and accidental intake by the incarcerated population. A total of 40 feral cats were trapped, 20 males and 20 females, mostly adults. After trapping, 36 cats were neutered, treated, and microchipped in the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) at the Federal University of Paraná. Five trapped feral cats were euthanized, four diagnosed with advanced sporotrichosis, and one already neutered cat (not herein) with complications due to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Female inmates presented higher seroprevalence for Toxocara spp. antibodies when compared to correctional officers, significantly associated with age, self-declared ethnicity (non-white), and lack of formal education. Despite the non-natural scenario of a state penitentiary, the One Health approach of Toxocara spp. has highlighted the interdisciplinary nature of the study and its relevance in understanding the complex interactions between human, animal, and environmental factors, particularly impacting female inmates. Further studies should establish the rate of inmate infection over time while deprived of liberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamilton Alvares Santarém
- Graduate College in Animal Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19050-920, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Luís Brucinski Pinto
- Graduate College of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná (PR), 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Roberto Teixeira de Souza Filho
- Graduate College in Animal Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19050-920, Brazil
| | - Isabella Braghin Ferreira
- Graduate College in Animal Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19050-920, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jully Kosloski
- Graduate College of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná (PR), 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Juliano Ribeiro
- Graduate College of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná (PR), 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Rogério Giuffrida
- Graduate College in Animal Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, 19050-920, Brazil
| | | | - Louise Bach Kmetiuk
- Graduate College of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná (PR), 80035-050, Brazil
| | - Alexander Welker Biondo
- Graduate College of Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná (PR), 80035-050, Brazil.
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Rahimdoust Mozhdehi N, Salari Sedigh H, Kazemi Mehrjerdi H. Surgical correction of stenotic nares using a single pedicle advancement flap technique in three brachycephalic cats. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2410-2413. [PMID: 37897212 PMCID: PMC10650353 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS) comprises a group of anatomical upper respiratory tract abnormalities that collectively result in various degrees of upper respiratory tract obstruction. Stenotic nares is a common feature of BOAS, and in dogs, the main cause is axial deviation of the alar cartilage. In contrast, narrowing of the nares in cats is predominantly the result of a redundant skin fold at the junction of the ventral floor of the nostrils and the haired skin of the lip. Three brachycephalic cats with inspiratory obstruction were referred to the surgery department of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The predominant cause of obstruction was nostril stenosis due to the presence of redundant skin on the ventral floor of the nares. All three cats underwent surgical correction using a single pedicle advancement flap technique, which was first described by Berns et al. (2020). All three cats had positive outcomes, with no surgical complications and no episodes of respiratory distress reported within a 9-month follow-up. Appropriate surgical treatment of feline patients with stenotic nares can result in good long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negin Rahimdoust Mozhdehi
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Clinical SciencesFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Hamideh Salari Sedigh
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Clinical SciencesFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Hossein Kazemi Mehrjerdi
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Clinical SciencesFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
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Nourani H, Sadr S. Case report of congenital goitre in a goat kid: Clinical and pathological findings. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2796-2799. [PMID: 37897206 PMCID: PMC10650253 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital goitre is a deadly thyroid metabolic disorder characterised by low thyroid hormone levels, subsequent secretion of excess Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH) from the pituitary gland, and compensatory thyroid gland hyperplasia. This study aimed to summarise the clinical and pathological features of congenital goitre in a goat kid. In April 2019, a dead female goat kid with a history of dystocia was referred to Ferdowsi University of Mashhad Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Mashhad, Iran, to examine the carcass and find the reason for death. The necropsy were performed, along with histopathology examination, and clinical signs were recorded. Examination of the foetus revealed the presence of an enlarged thyroid gland, and the skin was thick with myxedema, pale, and without hair. After cutting the skin, the swelling showed a significantly enlarged thyroid gland with two asymmetrical lobes, with the right lobe 3.9×7.1 cm and the left 3.7×7.5 cm in size. In the histopathological examination, a severe proliferation of follicular cells was observed, which caused the thyroid gland to be microscopically dense. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of recognising and addressing congenital goitre in goat kids. To prevent such tragic outcomes, it is crucial to focus on early detection and intervention. Furthermore, the agents of goitre need to find out and be clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Nourani
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of PathobiologyFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
| | - Soheil Sadr
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of PathobiologyFerdowsi University of MashhadMashhadIran
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Arjoonsingh A, Haines JM, Hwang JK, Guess SC, Wardrop KJ. Evaluation of platelet additive solution for prolonging storage of functional canine platelet concentrate. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2023; 33:656-664. [PMID: 37639315 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess storage lesion development, platelet function, and bacterial growth in canine platelet concentrates (PCs) stored in a platelet additive solution (PAS) or a plasma control at 4°C for 21 days. DESIGN Prospective, ex vivo, experimental controlled study. SETTING University veterinary teaching hospital. ANIMALS Ten units of canine PCs collected from blood bank donations. INTERVENTIONS The PCs were separated into 2 bags, 1 containing 100% plasma and the other containing 35% plasma and 65% of a PAS (Plasma-Lyte A), and stored at 4°C for 21 days. At days 0, 7, 14, and 21, PCs were analyzed for the presence of swirling, aggregate formation, platelet counts, platelet indices, glucose, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase, Pvco2 , Pvo2 , aggregation via light aggregometry, activation percentages using flow cytometry, and bacterial growth. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Cold-stored PCs in both PAS and plasma control maintained mean pH >6.8 and mean lactate <9.0 mmol/L over 21 days, with no difference in glucose utilization. Swirl was maintained in both solutions for most days (76/80 combined total samples), with no difference in aggregate formation between solutions. The Pvco2 was higher in plasma on all days (P < 0.001), with no difference in Pvo2 . Platelet indices did not reflect significant storage lesion development in either solution. Lactate dehydrogenase did not differ between solutions but did increase from day 7 to day 21. Mean maximal aggregation percentage was reduced overall but with no significant difference between solutions. The only observed difference in mean activation percentage between solutions was in PAS on day 7, which was significantly higher than plasma (P < 0.05). No bacterial growth occurred during storage. CONCLUSIONS Cold storage in PAS and plasma allowed PCs to be stored for up to 21 days with minimal storage lesion development, maintenance of platelet function, limited platelet activation, and no bacterial growth within stored bags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avin Arjoonsingh
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Jillian M Haines
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Julianne K Hwang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Sarah C Guess
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - K Jane Wardrop
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Guarnieri E, Sauvé F, Arsenault J, Francoz D. Prevalence of cutaneous and mucosal lesions in dairy cattle admitted to a Canadian Veterinary Teaching Hospital from 2018 to 2019. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2584-2591. [PMID: 37746913 PMCID: PMC10658502 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence, anatomical distribution, or nature of cutaneous, hair and oral mucosal abnormalities (CHMAs) in cattle is uncertain. OBJECTIVES To determine how often dairy cattle admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital (VTH) had CHMAs (except for foot and ear canal) on physical examination and if there was an age-related difference. ANIMALS Four hundred and thirty-three cattle: cattle <3 months (n = 85), cattle 3 to 24 months (n = 73), and cattle >24 months (n = 275). METHODS In this descriptive, observational, prospective study, CHMAs of dairy cattle admitted to the VTH of the Université de Montréal were recorded over 1 year. Prevalences were calculated. Dermatological examinations were performed within 48 hours of admission, according to a glossary. Chi-square tests were used to compare prevalence between age groups. RESULTS The 433 cattle were mostly females (97.5%) and of the Holstein breed (89.8%). The prevalence of cattle <3 months presenting with at least 1 identifiable CHMA was 65% (55/85). In cattle 3 to 24 months old, it was 90% (66/73), and in cattle >24 months, it was 99.3% (273/275). There were significant differences (P < .001) between the prevalence of CHMAs localized on the ischia, ilia, stifles, hocks, carpi, flank, lateral neck, dorsal cervical, and cornual regions in cattle >24 months vs <3 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE CHMAs were highly prevalent and age-specific. Calluses on the carpi and hocks of cattle >24 months were the most common CHMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Guarnieri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversité de MontréalSaint‐HyacintheQuébecCanada
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life SciencesCity University of Hong KongKowloon TongHong Kong SARChina
| | - Frédéric Sauvé
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversité de MontréalSaint‐HyacintheQuébecCanada
| | - Julie Arsenault
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversité de MontréalSaint‐HyacintheQuébecCanada
| | - David Francoz
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversité de MontréalSaint‐HyacintheQuébecCanada
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Phillips E, Kornya M, Collier A, Barry M, Morrison K, Reggeti F. Presumptive phenobarbital-induced systemic lupus erythematosus in a domestic dog. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2482-2487. [PMID: 37737539 PMCID: PMC10658473 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION We describe a case of presumptive acquired systemic lupus erythematosus secondary to phenobarbital administration in a dog, which resolved with withdrawal of the drug. CLINICAL FINDINGS A 3.5 year-old poodle presented to a veterinary teaching hospital for Tier 1 idiopathic epilepsy and was treated with phenobarbital. The dog experienced fever, multiple cytopenias, and proteinuria in conjunction with a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) titer. DIAGNOSTICS Serial CBCs, urine protein : creatinine ratios, and sternal bone marrow aspirates were performed to evaluate improvement. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Phenobarbital was withdrawn and levetiracetam initiated. All abnormalities resolved with supportive care, without initiation of immunosuppressive drugs. All cytopenias and proteinuria resolved and ANA test results became negative within 3 months. The patient recovered and did well clinically. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Systemic lupus erythematosus is a disease of multiple autoimmune syndromes occurring concurrently or sequentially in conjunction with the presence of circulating ANA. It has been well described in dogs as an idiopathic condition, but in human medicine may occur secondary to drug reactions (drug-associated lupus) including as a reaction to phenobarbital. The findings in our case are consistent with the criteria for drug-induced lupus in humans and we suggest it as the first report of phenobarbital-induced lupus in a dog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Phillips
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Matthew Kornya
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Allison Collier
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Maureen Barry
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Katherine Morrison
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary CollegeUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
| | - Felipe Reggeti
- Animal Health Laboratories, Laboratory Services DivisionUniversity of GuelphGuelphOntarioCanada
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Pena-Hernandez DC, Joneson J, Wilkes RP, Hendrix GK. Evaluation of RapidChek® SELECT™ for the detection of Salmonella spp. in environmental samples from a veterinary hospital. J Microbiol Methods 2023; 214:106843. [PMID: 37852476 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2023.106843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Nosocomial salmonellosis in hospitalized animals is a recognized hazard, especially in large animal clinics. A standardized culture protocol (SCP) for detecting Salmonella spp. in environmental samples using a 48-h enrichment step results in a 5-day turnaround time for negative results. The RapidChek® SELECT™ Salmonella (RCSS) test system offers detection of organisms in 22-44 h through double enrichment followed by a lateral flow immunoassay. Negative results are reported within 48 h. To determine the most sensitive and rapid method for detecting Salmonella spp. from environmental samples collected at the large animal Purdue Veterinary Hospital (LA-PVH), a preliminary study compared the performance of RCSS and a SCP when testing artificially spiked and naturally contaminated samples. An expanded study analyzed results obtained using the RCSS method to test 872 environmental samples over a 12-month period. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry was chosen as the confirmation method for RCSS-presumptive positive samples. A randomly selected subset of samples received additional confirmation by real-time PCR. Here, we reported the performance data of RCSS in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value using MALDI-TOF results as reference for comparison. We also provide guidelines for reporting results obtained using this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela C Pena-Hernandez
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, 406 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
| | - Jessica Joneson
- Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, 406 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Rebecca P Wilkes
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, 406 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - G Kenitra Hendrix
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University College of Veterinary Medicine, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States; Indiana Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, 406 S University St, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
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41
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Coll‐Roman LM, Cabrera C, VanderBroek AR, Bauck AG, Kelleman AA, Pozor MA, Stockler JW, Wiley C, Scully C, Mackay EE, Depenbrock SM, Fecteau M, Abraham M, Leduc L, Noll CV, Hernandez JA, Luethy D. Multicenter study of uterine tears and other reproductive complications in periparturient goats presented to veterinary teaching hospitals. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:2623-2630. [PMID: 37698350 PMCID: PMC10658512 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Goats are increasingly popular as both production animals and pets. The frequency of and factors associated with periparturient reproductive complications in goats are largely unreported. OBJECTIVES (1) To report the frequency of periparturient reproductive complications in does presented to university veterinary hospitals and (2) to identify factors associated with uterine tears in the study population. ANIMALS A total of 198 periparturient does presented to 9 university veterinary hospitals from October 2021 to June 2022. METHODS Multicenter, cross-sectional study, with data collected from questionnaires completed by attending veterinarians. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with diagnosis of uterine tears. RESULTS Ninety-three (47%) does had at least 1 periparturient reproductive complication. Periparturient complications included retained fetal membranes (n = 38, 26%), vaginal or perineal trauma (n = 33, 19%), uterine tears (n = 32, 18%), metritis (n = 22, 13%), uterine or vaginal hemorrhage (n = 8, 5%), Cesarean section complications (n = 8, 8%), and uterine prolapse (n = 1, 0.5%). A positive interaction effect was found between small breeds (Nigerian Dwarf and Pygmy) and manipulation on the farm by a layperson upon diagnosis of uterine tears (odd ratios [OR], 5.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41, 21.25; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Periparturient reproductive complications were common. Small breed combined with manipulation on the farm by layperson was associated with diagnosis of uterine tears. Clients should be educated that in the event of dystocia, small breed does are at greater risk of uterine tears and prompt veterinary intervention is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catalina Cabrera
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Ashley R. VanderBroek
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Anje G. Bauck
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Audrey A. Kelleman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Malgorzata A. Pozor
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Jenna W. Stockler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineAuburn UniversityAuburnAlabamaUSA
| | - Caitlin Wiley
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary MedicineIowa State UniversityAmesIowaUSA
| | - Clare Scully
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary MedicineLouisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLouisianaUSA
| | - Evelyn E. Mackay
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical SciencesTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexasUSA
| | - Sarah M. Depenbrock
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary MedicineUC DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Marie‐Eve Fecteau
- Department of Clinical Studies – New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaKennett SquarePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Michelle Abraham
- Department of Clinical Studies – New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaKennett SquarePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Laurence Leduc
- Department of Clinical Studies – New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaKennett SquarePennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Charlene V. Noll
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Jorge A. Hernandez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Daniela Luethy
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
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Marquez DR, Agnew J, Barnett DJ, Davis MF, Dalton KR. Assessing US Small Animal Veterinary Clinic Adaptations and Their Impacts on Workforce COVID-19 Preparedness and Response. Health Secur 2023; 21:450-458. [PMID: 37971808 PMCID: PMC10777815 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2023.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Veterinary personnel are an essential yet often underappreciated workforce, critical for zoonotic disease prevention and response efforts that impact human health. During the early COVID-19 pandemic, the veterinary workforce supported emergency responses by promoting zoonotic disease risk communication, sharing animal health expertise, and boosting laboratory surge capacity against SARS-CoV-2 in animals and people. However, small animal veterinary workers (SAVWs), similar to healthcare workers, faced organizational challenges in providing clinical care to family pets, including those susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. We analyzed a cross-sectional survey of 1,204 SAVWs in the United States to assess veterinary clinic adaptations and their associations with SAVWs' self-perceived readiness, willingness, and ability to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic as a workforce. SAVWs who worked fewer hours than before the pandemic (ready, OR 0.59; willing, OR 0.66; able, OR 0.52) or used personal protective equipment less frequently for protection in the clinic (ready, OR 0.69; willing, OR 0.69; able, OR 0.64) felt less ready, willing, and able to respond to COVID-19. SAVWs working remotely felt less ready (OR 0.46) but not less willing or able to respond to COVID-19. Lastly, SAVWs with dependents felt less ready (OR 0.67) and able (OR 0.49) to respond to COVID-19 than SAVWs without dependents. Our findings highlight the importance of proactively managing work schedules, having access to personal protective equipment, and addressing caregiving concerns to enhance SAVW preparedness and response outcomes. SAVWs are knowledgeable, motivated personnel who should be integrated into local public health emergency preparedness and response plans, supporting a One Health framework that unites multidisciplinary teams to respond to future zoonotic disease threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Marquez
- David R. Marquez, DVM, MPH, DACVPM, is a Postdoctoral Fellow, in the Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- David Marquez is also a Veterinary Preventive Medicine Officer, US Army Veterinary Corps, Medical Center of Excellence, JBSA Fort Sam Houston, TX
| | - Jacqueline Agnew
- Jacqueline Agnew, MPH, PhD, is a Professor Emeritus, in the Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daniel J. Barnett
- Daniel J. Barnett, MD, MPH, in the Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Meghan F. Davis
- Meghan F. Davis, DVM, MPH, PhD, are Associate Professors, in the Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kathryn R. Dalton
- Kathryn R. Dalton, DVM, PhD, MPH, is an IRTA Postdoctoral Fellow, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC
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Adebowale OO, Jimoh AB, Adebayo OO, Alamu AA, Adeleye AI, Fasanmi OG, Olasoju M, Olagunju PO, Fasina FO. Evaluation of antimicrobial usage in companion animals at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18195. [PMID: 37875528 PMCID: PMC10598005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44485-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated various qualitative and quantitative indices of antimicrobial use (AMU) in companion animals (CAs) at a Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH-A) and its annex (VTH- B) from 2019 to 2021. For 694 documented animals, antimicrobial administrations (AADs) were 5, 278 times, of which 98.8% (5217) and 1.2% (61) were in dogs and cats respectively. At the VTH- A, oxytetracycline (1185 times, 22.5%) was mostly administered in dogs and metronidazole (26 times, 0.5%) in cats. Similarly, at VTH- B, oxytetracycline was administered 895 times (17.0%) in dogs while amoxicillin was given 7 times (0.1%) in cats. The prescription diversity (PD) was estimated at 0.73 and 0.82 in VTH-A and VTH-B respectively. The quantity of antimicrobials (AMs) used was 10.1 kg (A, 6.2 kg and B, 3.9 kg). Oxytetracycline administrations and quantity of metronidazole (P < 0.0001) were higher than other Active Ingredients (AIs). Furthermore, 16.5% of AIs were classified as Critically Important Antibiotics (CIA) with the highest priority, while enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin fell under the World Health Organisation (WHO) Watch group. The In-Depth Interview (IDI) indicated that the high frequency of oxytetracycline administrations was linked with being the first choice for blood parasite treatment by the clinicians at the hospital. The quantity of metronidazole used was perceived to be higher due to the clinicians' preference for the treatment of acute gastroenteritis, its wider dose range, and the frequency of administration (bi-daily). The study provides baseline data on AMU indices in CAs, for the development of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) and communication training, and policy modifications to enhance antimicrobial therapy optimization in tertiary veterinary hospital care in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- O O Adebowale
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - A B Jimoh
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - O O Adebayo
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - A A Alamu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - A I Adeleye
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - O G Fasanmi
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Technology, Federal College of Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | - M Olasoju
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - P O Olagunju
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - F O Fasina
- ECTAD, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Morandi B, Sabetti MC, Napoleoni M, Pascucci I, Orlandi G, Pietra M, VanLeeuwen JA, Greenwood SJ, Poglayen G, Galuppi R. Endoparasites in dogs diagnosed at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH)-University of Bologna, combined with clinicopathological results. A long-term retrospective secondary data study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293330. [PMID: 37862344 PMCID: PMC10588848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans and dogs commonly share the same domestic environment. Europe, and Italy specifically, have a substantial and growing dog population. Potentially zoonotic parasites may be harbored even by dogs receiving regular veterinary care. Thus, transmission of zoonotic or potentially zoonotic parasites to owners and their families should not be underestimated. Frequently, endoparasite infections occur as a subclinical infection and clinicopathological alterations have been documented including anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and eosinophilia. The aim of this large retrospective secondary data study was to analyze coprological endoparasite results and putative risk factors obtained from owned dogs, through a 9-year-period (2011-2019). Possible associations between diagnosed endoparasites and sex, age, seasonality, and year of examination were evaluated. Additionally, parasitological diagnoses were combined to complete blood count parameters and biochemical profiles, when available, to check for any possible hematological alteration from parasitism. A total of 1,972 dogs were evaluated for endoparasites using common fecal diagnostic tests over a 9-year period. The overall proportion of endoparasite-positive animals was 10%. The most common endoparasites detected were Cystoisospora spp. (3%), Toxocara canis (2.8%), Giardia duodenalis (1.6%), and Trichuris vulpis (1.2%). Of these parasites detected, Toxocara poses the greatest zoonotic risk, while Giardia species are considered to have a low potential to be zoonotic. There was no significant diagnostic trend across the years through the study period. Dogs were more frequently diagnosed endoparasite-positive when young and during cold seasons compared to the baselines of mature dogs and warm seasons. The clinicopathological profiles indicated that parasitized dogs had mild hematological alterations. The frequency of detected potentially zoonotic endoparasites in this study highlights that the risk should not be underestimated. Parasitic infection was found to be mostly dependent on age and season. Having this information may help clinicians to develop anthelmintic protocols to reduce the risk of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetto Morandi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Maira Napoleoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Pascucci
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell’Umbria e delle Marche “Togo Rosati”, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gionata Orlandi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Pietra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - John A. VanLeeuwen
- Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Spencer J. Greenwood
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, Charlottetown, Canada
| | - Giovanni Poglayen
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Roberta Galuppi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Troisi A, Orlandi R, Vallesi E, Pastore S, Sforna M, Quartuccio M, Zappone V, Cristarella S, Polisca A. Clinical and ultrasonographic findings of ovarian tumours in bitches: A retrospective study. Theriogenology 2023; 210:227-233. [PMID: 37540955 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
A retrospective study was carried out to investigate incidence, clinical signs and ultrasonographic findings of ovarian tumours in a population of dogs referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Perugia (Italy) and Anicura Tyrus Veterinary Clinic (Terni, Italy). The period of study ranged from January 2005 to December 2021. A total of 1910 dogs were affected by neoplasia but only 35 of them (1.8%), of different breeds and ages, were found to have ovarian tumours. Ultrasound of the ovaries was performed based on clinical signs; the diagnosis was achieved after ultrasound findings prompted ovariohysterectomy and ovarian pathologic evaluation In our study, the age of bitches affected by ovarian neoplasia ranged from 3 to 20 years (mean 9.6 ± 3.8). The histopathological findings of ovarian masses identified 16 granulosa cell tumours (GCT) (46%), 7 adenomas (20%), 5 adenocarcinomas (14%), 2 teratomas (6%), 1 leiomyoma (3%), 1 luteoma (3%), 1 tecoma (3%), 1 dysgerminoma (3%), and 1 haemangiosarcoma (3%). In particular, with respect to clinical signs, 69% of bitches showed abnormalities of estrus cycle (short interestral interval, persistent estrus, prolonged interestral interval). The other main clinical signs included abdominal distention, palpable abdominal mass, vulvovaginal discharge, polyuria/polydipsia, mammary masses. When present, the laboratory abnormalities were slight anemia and leucocytosis with neutrophilia. The tumours were ultrasonographically classified as mainly solid: 12/35 (34%) (1 adenoma, 4 adenocarcinomas, 1 dysgerminoma, 1 haemangiosarcoma, 1 leyomioma, 1 luteoma, 1 GCT, 1 tecoma, 1 teratoma); solid with cystic component 13/35 (37%) (9 GCT, 2 Adenomas, 1 adenocarcinoma, 1 teratoma); and mainly cystic 10/35 (29%) (6 GCTs, 4 adenomas). In our study, the ultrasound examination allowed us to suspect ovarian neoplasia in asymptomatic subjects referred for breeding management or for preventive health check. On the basis of our data, we proposed to perform a complete periodic examination of the reproductive system once a year from 6 years. Nevertheless, the presence of ovarian neoplasms found in young subjects, during breeding management, suggest including routine ultrasound examination of the reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Troisi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024, Macerata, Italy
| | - R Orlandi
- Anicura Tyrus Clinica Veterinaria, Via Bartocci 1G, 05100, Terni, Italy
| | - E Vallesi
- Anicura CMV Clinica Veterinaria, Via G.B. Aguggiari 162, 21100, Varese, Italy
| | - S Pastore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy.
| | - M Sforna
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy
| | - M Quartuccio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - V Zappone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - S Cristarella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Polo Universitario Annunziata, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - A Polisca
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo 4, 06126, Perugia, Italy
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Maekawa N, Konnai S, Hosoya K, Kim S, Kinoshita R, Deguchi T, Owaki R, Tachibana Y, Yokokawa M, Takeuchi H, Kagawa Y, Takagi S, Ohta H, Kato Y, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto K, Suzuki Y, Okagawa T, Murata S, Ohashi K. Safety and clinical efficacy of an anti-PD-L1 antibody (c4G12) in dogs with advanced malignant tumours. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291727. [PMID: 37792729 PMCID: PMC10550157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been developed for canine tumour treatment, and pilot clinical studies have demonstrated their antitumour efficacy in dogs with oral malignant melanoma (OMM). Although ICIs have been approved for various human malignancies, their clinical benefits in other tumour types remain to be elucidated in dogs. Here, we conducted a clinical study of c4G12, a canine chimeric anti-PD-L1 antibody, to assess its safety and efficacy in dogs with various advanced malignant tumours (n = 12) at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Hokkaido University from 2018 to 2023. Dogs with digit or foot pad malignant melanoma (n = 4), osteosarcoma (n = 2), hemangiosarcoma (n = 1), transitional cell carcinoma (n = 1), nasal adenocarcinoma (n = 1), B-cell lymphoma (n = 1), or undifferentiated sarcoma (n = 2) were treated with 2 or 5 mg/kg c4G12 every 2 weeks. Treatment-related adverse events of any grade were observed in eight dogs (66.7%), including elevated aspartate aminotransferase (grade 3) in one dog (8.3%) and thrombocytopenia (grade 4) in another dog (8.3%). Among dogs with target disease at baseline (n = 8), as defined by the response evaluation criteria for solid tumours in dogs (cRECIST), one dog with nasal adenocarcinoma and another with osteosarcoma experienced a partial response (PR), with an objective response rate of 25.0% (2 PR out of 8 dogs; 95% confidence interval: 3.2-65.1%). These results suggest that c4G12 is safe and tolerable and shows antitumor effects in dogs with malignant tumours other than OMM. Further clinical studies are warranted to identify the tumour types that are most likely to benefit from c4G12 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Maekawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Cancer Research Unit, One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Cancer Research Unit, One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Hosoya
- Cancer Research Unit, One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sangho Kim
- Cancer Research Unit, One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kinoshita
- Cancer Research Unit, One Health Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Deguchi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Companion Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Ryo Owaki
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yurika Tachibana
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Madoka Yokokawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroto Takeuchi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Takagi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Veterinary Surgery 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohta
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Companion Animal Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Yamamoto
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Institute for Vaccine Research and Development (HU-IVReD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Okagawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shiro Murata
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ohashi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, International Affairs Office, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Levy I, Mans C. Long-term systemic antibiotics and surgical treatment can be an effective treatment option for retrobulbar abscesses in rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): 21 cases (2011-2022). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2023; 261:1488-1494. [PMID: 37451680 DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.05.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the epidemiologic features of rabbits with retrobulbar abscesses, including the clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. ANIMALS 21 client-owned rabbits. METHODS The medical record database of a veterinary teaching hospital was searched from 2011 to 2022 for records of rabbits diagnosed with retrobulbar abscesses by CT. Data reviewed included age, breed, presenting complaint, association with an odontogenic infection, aerobic and anaerobic culture results, treatment, and outcome. RESULTS The primary presenting complaint was exophthalmos (19/21 [90%]). Most cases (15/21 [71%]) were associated with an odontogenic infection. Dental disease, not associated with a retrobulbar abscess (14/21 [67%]), was a common comorbidity on CT. The most common aerobic and anaerobic isolates were Streptococcus intermedius (5/12 [42%]) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (2/12 [17%]), respectively. Surgical treatment combined with long-term systemic antibiotic therapy was performed in 9 of 21 (43%) cases. It included intraoral tooth extraction (4/9 [44%]) versus extraoral peribulbar abscess lancing with either abscess packing with antibiotic-soaked gauze (3/9 [33%]) or surgical abscess debridement (2/9 [22%]). Resolution of the clinical signs with no recurrence for at least 6 months occurred in 7 of 9 (78%) surgically treated cases. Medical treatment with long-term systemic antibiotic therapy was performed in 4 of 21 (19%) cases, and 3 of 4 (75%) resolved. Due to poor prognosis or financial concerns, euthanasia was performed or recommended in 8 of 21 (38%) cases. CLINICAL RELEVANCE On the basis of the data from this study, retrobulbar abscesses in rabbits carry a guarded prognosis. When intraoral and extraoral surgical treatment options combined with systemic antibiotic therapy were used, it resolved clinical disease in most cases.
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Molina CC, Dias MJ, Domingues TD, Englar RE, Leal RO. Clinical findings and prognostic factors for mortality in hospitalized dogs with leishmaniosis: aretrospective study. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 101:102041. [PMID: 37634471 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective study evaluated factors responsible for mortality of dogs hospitalized for Canine Leishmaniosis. Medical records of 31 dogs with leishmaniosis from a Portuguese Veterinary Teaching Hospital were examined between August 2018 and January 2022. Females (n = 18) and pure breed dogs (n = 27) were overrepresented, with higher frequency of Labrador Retriever (n = 4). Median age was 7 years (interquartile range=7). Most had historical findings of lethargy (n = 26) and the commonest clinicopathological abnormality was hypoalbuminemia (n = 26). Eleven dogs were classified as LeishVet stage II, 10 stage III and 10 stage IV. Fourteen dogs (45.2%) died or were euthanized, with azotemia, leukocytosis, stage IV, absence of diagnosis before hospitalization and lack of leishmaniosis specific treatment during hospitalization contributing to mortality. Absence of hypoalbuminemia and stages II/III increased survival. Mean hospitalization length prior to discharge was 5.41days ( ± 1.84) and diarrhea prolonged hospital stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Carvalho Molina
- Hospital Escolar Veterinário, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Maria Joana Dias
- Hospital Escolar Veterinário, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA) , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal.
| | | | - Ryane E Englar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, Oro Valley, USA.
| | - Rodolfo Oliveira Leal
- Hospital Escolar Veterinário, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health (CIISA) , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Lisbon, Portugal.
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Zakham F, Korhonen EM, Puonti PT, Castrén RS, Uusitalo R, Smura T, Kant R, Vapalahti O, Sironen T, Kinnunen PM. Molecular detection of pathogens from ticks collected from dogs and cats at veterinary clinics in Finland. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:327. [PMID: 37704990 PMCID: PMC10498522 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05864-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ticks carry microbes, some of which are pathogenic for humans and animals. To assess this One Health challenge, 342 ticks were collected from pet dogs and cats at 10 veterinary clinics in Finland as part of the European project "Protect Our Future Too". METHODS The tick species were identified, and ticks were screened with quantitative PCR (qPCR) for tick-borne pathogens, including Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Borrelia miyamotoi, Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma spp., Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis, tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), and Babesia spp. For comparison, a subset of tick DNA (20 qPCR-positive samples) was analysed with 16S next-generation sequencing (NGS). RESULTS Most ticks were Ixodes ricinus (289, 84.5%), followed by Ixodes persulcatus (51, 14.9%). One hybrid tick (I. ricinus/I. persulcatus, 0.3%) and one Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick (0.3%) were identified. We found one or more of the analysed pathogens in 17% (59/342) of the ticks. The most prevalent pathogen was B. burgdorferi s.l. (36, 10.5%), followed by Anaplasma phagocytophilum (12, 3.5%), B. miyamotoi (5, 1.5%), Babesia venatorum (4, 1.2%), and TBEV (1, 0.3%). Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis DNA was amplified from three (0.9%) ticks. Ehrlichia canis was not detected. In the 16S NGS, six samples produced enough reads for the analysis. In these six samples, we confirmed all the positive qPCR findings of Borrelia spp. and Ca. N. mikurensis. CONCLUSIONS The high prevalence of pathogenic microorganisms in the ticks of this study emphasizes the importance of awareness of ticks and tick-borne diseases and prevention. Furthermore, the results show that veterinary surveillance can facilitate early detection of tick-borne pathogens and new tick species and draw attention to possible co-infections that should be considered both in symptomatic humans and animals after tick bites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathiah Zakham
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Essi M Korhonen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Petteri T Puonti
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Robert S Castrén
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ruut Uusitalo
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Smura
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Microbiology, HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ravi Kant
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Vapalahti
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Microbiology, HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tarja Sironen
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paula M Kinnunen
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Companion Animal Business Unit, Nordic Cluster, MSD Animal Health, Espoo, Finland.
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Terradas Crespo E, Martin LG, Davidow EB. Retrospective evaluation of indications, transfusion protocols, and acute transfusion reactions associated with the administration of lyophilized canine albumin: 53 cases (2009-2020). J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2023; 33:567-576. [PMID: 37528743 DOI: 10.1111/vec.13316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the administration of lyophilized canine albumin (LCA) and determine the increase in serum albumin concentrations post-LCA transfusion. To describe the incidence and types of acute transfusion reactions (TRs) and associated outcome in dogs presenting to a veterinary teaching hospital. DESIGN Retrospective and descriptive study from 2009 to 2020. SETTING University teaching hospital. ANIMALS Fifty-three client-owned dogs included in the study if they received an LCA transfusion and had vital sign monitoring recorded for at least for 4 hours after starting the LCA transfusion. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The 53 dogs available for study inclusion received 64 LCA transfusions. Signalment; underlying disease; indications for LCA transfusion; pre- and posttransfusion serum albumin concentration; volume, concentration, and dose of LCA; duration of transfusion; administration of other blood products or synthetic colloids; occurrence, timing, and type of TR; length of hospitalization; and outcome were recorded. Serum albumin concentrations increased post-LCA transfusion, with a median dose of 0.56 g/kg and a median posttransfusion serum albumin increase of 3 g/L (0.3 g/dL) (P = 0.008). TRs occurred in 13 of 64 (20.3%) transfusion events. Volume per kilogram, dose (g/kg), concentration, duration of transfusion, and additional administration of synthetic colloids were not associated with TRs. Three (23%) TRs were classified as febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction, 5 (38.5%) as transfusion-associated dyspnea (development of respiratory distress and limited diagnostics), and 5 (38.5%) had clinical signs that could not be defined by any 1 TR category. Six (46.1%) of 13 events were nonsevere, 5 (38.5%) were severe, and 2 (15.4%) were life-threatening. CONCLUSIONS Administration of LCA can be used to increase serum albumin concentrations, although the clinical implications of this increase are unknown. Acute TRs associated with LCA are relatively frequent and can be life-threatening. Careful monitoring is vital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Terradas Crespo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Linda G Martin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Davidow
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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