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Silva LE, Dall Agnol AM, Rodriguez MC, Xavier AAC, Silva IV, Kioquetta JA, Guimarães NS, Rodrigues RV, Pereira PFV, Almeida RF, Alfieri AA, Headley SA. Characterization of ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 in a goat by nanoplate digital PCR and other diagnostic methods. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:855-866. [PMID: 37999912 PMCID: PMC10920513 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Macavirus, ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvGHV2), is the cause of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF). Although SA-MCF occurs in a wide range of mammalian hosts, there are few descriptions of this disease and/or infection in goats. This report describes the findings observed in a goat that was infected by OvGHV2 and adds to the rare description of this infection in this animal species. A 6.5-year-old, female, Anglo Nubian goat, with a neurological syndrome, that was euthanized after severe esophageal obstruction was investigated to determine the cause of the brain disease. Histopathology revealed cerebral cortical edema, hemorrhagic rhombencephalitis, severe hepatic necrosis, and atrophic enteritis. An immunohistochemical (IHC) assay identified intracytoplasmic antigens of a malignant catarrhal fever virus (MCFV) within epithelial cells of the intestine, liver, lungs, and kidneys. A semi-nested PCR assay amplified the partial fragment of the OvGHV2 tegument protein gene from the intestine, confirming that the MCFV identified by IHC was OvGHV2. A qPCR assay that targeted the OvGHV2 polymerase gene revealed an elevated quantification cycle (Cq), while nanoplate-based digital PCR (dPCR) detected low viral copy load within the OvGHV2 DNA. Furthermore, the nucleic acids of several disease pathogens associated with diseases in ruminants were not amplified. However, the exact cause of the neurological syndrome remained obscure since nucleic acids of neurological disease pathogens such as bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 and 5, Histophilus somni, and OvGHV2 were not detected from the brain. Collectively, the results of the Cq and dPCR confirmed that this goat was infected with a low viral load of OvGHV2, which probably was insufficient to induce the typical histopathological alterations and subsequent clinical manifestations associated with SA-MCF and/or infections by OvGHV2. Therefore, elevated viral loads of OvGHV2 would have been required for the development of histological lesions and/or clinical manifestations of SA-MCF in this goat. Furthermore, the dPCR methodology can be used for the efficient detection and quantification of OvGHV2 DNA in animals with or without clinical and/or histopathological evidence of SA-MCF. Additionally, since previous cases of OvGHV2 infections in goats did not have the typical clinical manifestations of SA-MCF, one wonders if this Macavirus can induce SA-MCF in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luara Evangelista Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Alais Maria Dall Agnol
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maria Constanza Rodriguez
- Marcos Enrietti Diagnostic Center, Agência de Defesa Agropecuária Do Paraná (ADAPAR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Aparecida Correa Xavier
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | | | - Júlio Adriano Kioquetta
- Large Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Silva Guimarães
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rafael Vince Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | | | - Rafaelli Ferreira Almeida
- Universidade Pitágoras UNOPAR Anhanguera, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory (LAMSA), Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory (LAMSA), Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.
- Universidade Pitágoras UNOPAR Anhanguera, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil.
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory (LAMSA), Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Frucchi APS, Dall Agnol AM, Caldart ET, Bronkhorst DE, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA, Headley SA. The Role of Mycoplasma bovirhinis in the Development of Singular and Concomitant Respiratory Infections in Dairy Calves from Southern Brazil. Pathogens 2024; 13:114. [PMID: 38392852 PMCID: PMC10892079 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of Mycoplasma bovirhinis in the development of pulmonary disease in cattle is controversial and was never evaluated in cattle from Latin America. This study investigated the respiratory infection dynamics associated with M. bovirhinis in suckling calves from 15 dairy cattle herds in Southern Brazil. Nasal swabs were obtained from asymptomatic (n = 102) and calves with clinical manifestations (n = 103) of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and used in molecular assays to identify the specific genes of viral and bacterial disease pathogens of BRD. Only M. bovirhinis, bovine coronavirus (BCoV), ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvGHV2), Histophilus somni, Pasteurella multocida, and Mannheimia haemolytica were detected. M. bovirhinis was the most frequently diagnosed pathogen in diseased (57.8%; 59/102) and asymptomatic (55.3%; 57/103) calves at all farms. BCoV-related infections were diagnosed in diseased (52%; 53/102) and asymptomatic (51.4%; 53/103) calves and occurred in 93.3% (14/15) of all farms. Similarly, infectious due to OvGHV2 occurred in diseased (37.2%; 38/102) and asymptomatic (27.2%; /28/103) calves and were diagnosed in 80% (12/15) of all farms investigated. Significant statistical differences were not identified when the two groups of calves were compared at most farms, except for infections due to OvGHV2 that affected five calves at one farm. These results demonstrated that the respiratory infection dynamics of M. bovirhinis identified in Southern Brazil are similar to those observed worldwide, suggesting that there is not enough sufficient collected data to consider M. bovirhinis as a pathogen of respiratory infections in cattle. Additionally, the possible roles of BCoV and OvGHV2 in the development of BRD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Souza Frucchi
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (A.P.S.F.); (A.M.D.A.); (D.E.B.); (A.F.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Alais Maria Dall Agnol
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (A.P.S.F.); (A.M.D.A.); (D.E.B.); (A.F.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Eloiza Teles Caldart
- Laboratory of Protozoology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil;
| | - Dalton Everton Bronkhorst
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (A.P.S.F.); (A.M.D.A.); (D.E.B.); (A.F.A.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Alice Fernandes Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (A.P.S.F.); (A.M.D.A.); (D.E.B.); (A.F.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory (LAMSA), Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT–LEITE), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (A.P.S.F.); (A.M.D.A.); (D.E.B.); (A.F.A.); (A.A.A.)
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory (LAMSA), Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT–LEITE), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory (LAMSA), Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT–LEITE), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
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Headley SA, Gomes ALPL, Martinelli TM, Fritzen JTT, Teixeira Vanzela AL, Silva FHP, Gaspar T, Giordano LGP, Alfieri AA, Gomes LA. The pathology of canine mammary candidiasis with embolic dissemination in a dog. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106424. [PMID: 37913829 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Candidiasis is a fungal disease caused by Candida albicans or other members of the genus Candida. Descriptions of candidiasis are comparatively reduced in veterinary relative to human medicine, with no cases of mammary candidiasis being identified in pet animals. This report presents the cytological, pathological, and molecular findings of mammary candidiasis with embolic dissemination in a postpartum dog. A 1-year-old, female Shih-tzu dog that had recently given birth was admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital in Southern Brazil after repeated episodes of intermittent mammary disease and a neurological syndrome. The dog was euthanized due to worsened clinical status and poor prognosis despite adequate clinical therapy and was submitted for routine post-mortem evaluation to determine the cause of the neurological manifestations. Cytological analysis of purulent mastitis identified intralesional fungal hyphae. Gross evaluation revealed multiple masses within the kidneys, liver, myocardium, pancreas, and brain. Routine histopathology and histochemistry identified fungal nephritis, hepatitis, myocarditis, pancreatitis, and encephalitis associated with intralesional fungal hyphae, frequently with fungal emboli and vasculitis. Pure cultures of C. albicans were obtained from fragments of the masses observed at the myocardium and kidneys, with the typical germ tube of C. albicans being identified by microscopic evaluation. A PCR assay that targeted the ITS1 and 4 generic regions of fungi, amplified the desired amplicon, and direct sequencing confirmed C. albicans. Immunohistochemical and molecular assays designed to identify common infectious disease pathogens of dogs did not confirm the participation of canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus, or canine adenovirus in the target tissues of this dog. These findings suggest that this dog suffered an initial cutaneous lesion, that probably served as portal of entry to the mammary gland, resulting in mammary candidiasis with subsequent embolic dissemination to multiple organs. This report represent the first description of mammary candidiasis in pet animals and probably one of the few pathological descriptions of mammary candidiasis in domestic animals. In this case, the cause of the fungal infection was probably associated with factors intrinsic to abdominal surgery, pregnancy, and the utilization of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory (LAMSA), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Ana Laura Paulino Leite Gomes
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Tayná Mesias Martinelli
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliana Torres Tomazi Fritzen
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Laura Teixeira Vanzela
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flavia Helena Pereira Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Taís Gaspar
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucienne Garcia Pretto Giordano
- Laboratory of Animal Mycology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory (LAMSA), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucas Alecio Gomes
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Xavier AAC, Queiroz GR, Lisbôa JAN, Cunha CW, Headley SA. Immunohistochemical identification of a malignant catarrhal fever virus in cattle with renal diseases from Paraná state, Southern Brazil: a retrospective epidemiological study. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:344. [PMID: 37782428 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) is a viral infectious disease caused by specific members of the Macavirus genus that are referred to as the MCF virus (MCFV) complex group. This study determined the prevalence of MCFV-associated infections in cattle within the mesoregions of the state of Paraná, Southern Brazil, by analyzing the histopathologic patterns of renal lesions in association with positive immunoreactivity to intralesional antigens of MCFV. Intracytoplasmic MCFV antigens were identified in 41.7% (48/115) of the kidneys of cattle evaluated. Lymphocytic interstitial nephritis, vascular degeneration, and ballooning degeneration of the renal tubules were the principal histopathological findings associated with positive immunoreactivity to MCFV. The results indicate that MCFV infections are endemic within the state of Paraná and suggest that the kidney can be of diagnostic value in suspected cases of MCF-associated infections in cattle. Furthermore, the utilization of an in situ diagnostic technique resulted in the detection of a greater number of cases of infections by MCFV than previously identified using other diagnostic methods. Additionally, degenerative vascular lesions of the kidney should be considered during the establishment of a histological diagnosis of MCFV-induced infections in cattle in the absence of fibrinoid change or necrotizing vasculitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Rodrigues Queiroz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Júlio Augusto Naylor Lisbôa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wetzel Cunha
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA, USA
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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Headley SA, Dall Agnol AM, Bessegato JA, Frucchi APS, Maturana ÉFL, Rodrigues RV, Xavier AAC, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Association of ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 with an outbreak of acute respiratory disease in dairy cattle. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5623. [PMID: 37024495 PMCID: PMC10078036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the cause of an outbreak of an acute respiratory disease syndrome followed by episodes of diarrhea in a dairy cattle herd from Southern Brazil. Deep nasal swabs (DNS) from asymptomatic calves, calves with pulmonary discomfort, and diarrheic calves after episodes of respiratory distress were used in molecular assays designed to detect the principal pathogens associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Fecal samples were used for the molecular detection of bovine enteric disease agents. Pulmonary tissues from three calves and a cow that died were evaluated by molecular assays to identify 11 agents associated with the development of BRD. The intestinal and pulmonary fragments of one calf and the cow revealed atrophic enteritis and interstitial pneumonia by histopathology, respectively. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) identified intralesional antigens of a malignant catarrhal fever virus, genus Macavirus, within epithelial cells of the lungs and intestines. Molecular assays amplified ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvGHV2) from most of the DNS, and the pulmonary and intestinal fragments from the animals that died, confirming that the Macavirus identified by IHC was OvGHV2. Concomitant pulmonary infections of OvGHV2 with bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 and bovine coronavirus were identified. Additionally, bovine viral diarrhea virus 1b and Aichivirus B were detected in the fecal samples. These findings demonstrated that OvGHV2, a Macavirus, was the disease agent most frequently (81.2%; 13/16) associated with singular pulmonary infections during this outbreak of BRD, suggesting that this virus may be another potential agent of respiratory disease of cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, PO Box 10.011, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT - LEITE), Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
- Multi‑User Animal Health Laboratory, Tissue Processing Unit, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Alais Maria Dall Agnol
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT - LEITE), Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - José Antonio Bessegato
- Consulting Veterinarian, Herd Bovinos - Consultoria Pecuária, Dois Vizinhos, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Souza Frucchi
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Érika Fernandes Lopes Maturana
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, PO Box 10.011, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Rafael Vince Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, PO Box 10.011, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Aparecida Correa Xavier
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, PO Box 10.011, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Alice Fernandes Alfieri
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT - LEITE), Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Multi‑User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT - LEITE), Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
- Multi‑User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Headley SA, Dall Agnol AM, Oliveira TES, Bon VR, Scuisato GS, Xavier AAC, Yasumitsu CY, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Possible Association of Bovine Gammaherpesvirus 6 with Pulmonary Disease in a Cow. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030417. [PMID: 36766305 PMCID: PMC9913070 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 (BoGHV6), previously known as bovine lymphotropic virus, is a member of the Macavirus genus, subfamily Gammaherpesvirinae. Other members of the genus Macavirus include viruses that produce malignant catarrhal fever (MCF) in mammalian hosts, collectively referred to as the MCF virus (MCFV) complex, and the porcine lymphotropic herpesvirus (PLHV). However, the current role of BoGHV6 in the development of diseases and/or disease syndromes remains uncertain and controversial. This paper investigated the participation of BoGHV6 in the development of pulmonary disease in a cow with interstitial pneumonia by histopathology and molecular testing. Tissue antigens of common viral agents of respiratory diseases and Mycoplasma bovis were not identified by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, molecular assays designed to amplify common bacterial and viral pathogens of pulmonary disease did not amplify the nucleic acids of these agents. However, a pan-PCR assay amplified the DNA of the herpesvirus polymerase gene, while the specific BoGHV6 nested-PCR assay amplified the partial fragment of the BoGHV6 polymerase gene derived from the pulmonary tissue with interstitial pneumonia. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the BoGHV6 strain herein identified had 99.8% nucleotide (nt) sequence identity with reference strains of BoGHV6, but only 72.2-73.5% and 67.9-68.6% nt identity with reference strains of MCFV and PLHV, respectively. Consequently, these results suggest that BoGHV6 was associated with the pulmonary disease observed in this cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Tissue Processing Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção, Animal, Universidade Pitágoras-Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas 86700-020, Paraná, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Alais Maria Dall Agnol
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thalita Evani Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Rodrigues Bon
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Sanches Scuisato
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Aparecida Correa Xavier
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carolina Yuka Yasumitsu
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alice Fernandes Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Paraná, Brazil
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Eleodoro JI, Headley SA, Zanoni APK, Giordano LGP, Fagnani R. Most common pathogens from cows with subclinical mastitis in northwestern Paraná, Southern Brazil and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Semina: Ciênc Agrár 2022; 43:2385-2394. [DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2022v43n5p2385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Considering the high prevalence of subclinical mastitis and its impacts on milk production, thematic studies are needed and can provide strategic data for its control. This study aimed at investigating the most frequent microorganisms associated with subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in the northwest State of Paraná, Brazil and its sensitivity to antibiotics. A total of 478 foremilk samples were tested. Streptococci were the most frequently genus observed (63%), followed by staphylococci (31%). Streptococcus mutans, S. sanguis, and S. uberis were the most frequently identified species. For Streptococcus spp., the antimicrobial resistance was higher for Ceftiofur, whereas for Staphylococcus spp. it was also possible to verify a high occurrence of resistance for Gentamicin + Amoxicillin. Our results strengthen the knowledge of the microbiological agent and antibiotic-resistance patterns of pathogens at regional level, targeting future strategies to reduce the environmental spread of pathogenic strains resistant to antibiotics.
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de Oliveira TES, Scuisato GS, Fritzen JTT, Silva DC, Massi RP, Pelaquim IF, Silva LE, Flores EF, Lima Santos R, Pretto-Giordano LG, Lisbôa JAN, Alfieri AA, Headley SA. Infectious Disease Agents Associated with Pulmonary Alterations in Aborted Bovine Fetuses. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12131596. [PMID: 35804494 PMCID: PMC9265084 DOI: 10.3390/ani12131596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A retrospective study was performed to identify pulmonary alterations and/or pneumonia in aborted bovine fetuses (n = 37) and to associate the presence of infectious disease antigens and nucleic agents with patterns and/or alterations of pulmonary disease. Immunohistochemical (IHC) assays were performed to identify antigens of selected agents associated with bovine respiratory disease: bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), and Mycoplasma bovis. Molecular assays were performed to identify nucleic acids of a panel of reproductive disease agents and bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 (BoGHV6) in the lungs of 12 fetuses. Only interstitial pneumonia (12/37) and suppurative bronchopneumonia (1/37) were observed; pneumonia was not observed in 65% of the tissues evaluated. The most frequent intralesional agents were BRSV (16.2%; 6/37), BVDV (13.5%; 5/37), and BoAHV1 (8.1%; 3/37). Interstitial pneumonia was associated with BRSV (n = 3), BoAHV1 (n = 3), and BVDV (n = 2); suppurative bronchopneumonia contained a Gram-positive bacterium and intralesional antigens of BVDV and BRSV. Nucleic acid detection identified at least one disease agent in 75% of the fetuses examined. Reproductive pathogens detected included Leptospira spp., (n = 3), BVDV, Neospora caninum, and Brucella abortus (n = 2). BoGHV6 DNA was identified in the lungs of two fetuses with interstitial pneumonia. Single (n = 7), dual (n = 3), triple (n = 4), and quadruple (n = 1) mixed infections were identified while infectious agents were not identified in 59.5% (22/37) of the examined lungs. Single fetal infections were associated with BRSV, BVDV (n = 2), Leptospira spp., BoAHV1, and BoGHV6 (n = 1). These results indicate that the fetuses suffered intrauterine infection through transplacental transmission. The identification of BRSV and BoGHV6 in multiple fetuses with associated pulmonary alterations warrants further investigation relative to the role of these agents in fetopathy and possible direct and/or indirect effects on fetal survival. Abstract This study investigated the occurrence of selected pathogens of bovine respiratory disease in fetal pulmonary tissue of cattle and associated these with patterns of disease. Fetal pulmonary (n = 37) tissues were evaluated by histopathology; immunohistochemical assays identified intralesional antigens of bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoAHV1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), and Mycoplasma bovis. Molecular assays were performed to amplify reproductive disease pathogens and bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 (BoGHV6) from 12 lungs. The 2 patterns of pulmonary diseases were interstitial pneumonia (12/37) and suppurative bronchopneumonia (1/37). The frequency of the intralesional antigens identified was BRSV (16.2%; 6/37), BVDV (13.5%; 5/37), BoAHV1 (8.1%; 3/37), M. bovis (5.4%; 2/37), and BPIV-3 (2.7%; 1/37). Interstitial pneumonia was associated with BRSV (n = 3), BoAHV1 (n = 3), and BVDV (n = 2); suppurative bronchopneumonia contained a Gram-positive bacterium and BVDV and BRSV. Reproductive pathogens detected included Leptospira spp., (n = 3), BVDV, Neospora caninum, and Brucella abortus (n = 2). BoGHV6 DNA was identified in the lungs of two fetuses with interstitial pneumonia. These findings suggest that these fetuses were infected transplacentally by several pathogens. The role of some of these pathogens herein identified must be further elucidated in the possible participation of fetal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Evani Silva de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (T.E.S.d.O.); (G.S.S.); (I.F.P.); (L.E.S.)
| | - Gabriela Sanches Scuisato
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (T.E.S.d.O.); (G.S.S.); (I.F.P.); (L.E.S.)
| | - Juliana Torres Tomazi Fritzen
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (J.T.T.F.); (D.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Denise Correia Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (J.T.T.F.); (D.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Rodrigo Pelisson Massi
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (J.T.T.F.); (D.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (A.A.A.)
| | - Isadora Fernanda Pelaquim
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (T.E.S.d.O.); (G.S.S.); (I.F.P.); (L.E.S.)
| | - Luara Evangelista Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (T.E.S.d.O.); (G.S.S.); (I.F.P.); (L.E.S.)
| | - Eduardo Furtado Flores
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, Brazil;
| | - Renato Lima Santos
- Department of Veterinary Clinics and Surgery, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil;
| | - Lucienne Garcia Pretto-Giordano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil;
| | - Júlio Augusto Naylor Lisbôa
- Large Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil;
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT–LEITE), Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (J.T.T.F.); (D.C.S.); (R.P.M.); (A.A.A.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT–LEITE), Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (T.E.S.d.O.); (G.S.S.); (I.F.P.); (L.E.S.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Dairy Production Chain (INCT–LEITE), Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-43-3371-4766
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9
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Headley SA, Fritzen JTT, Bon VR, Xavier AAC, Agnol AMD, Zucoloto NZ, Silva FHP, Figueiredo JRX, Alfieri AF, Okano W, Alfieri AA. Detection of bovine gammaherpesvirus 6 in tissues of aborted fetuses from dairy cows concomitantly infected by Histophilus somni. Microb Pathog 2022; 169:105621. [PMID: 35688413 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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10
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Barreto JVP, Lorenzetti E, Fritzen JTT, Jardim ADM, Oliveira TES, Headley SA, Alfieri AA, da Cunha Filho LFC. Congenital Neurological Disease Associated With HoBi-like Pestivirus Infection in a Newborn Dairy Calf From Brazil. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:852965. [PMID: 35400086 PMCID: PMC8987716 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.852965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPeV) has been reported in several biological samples from cattle worldwide, but there are no descriptions of this virus associated with neurological symptoms. This report described the first occurrence of neurological disease associated with HoBiPeV in a newborn dairy calf. A mixed-breed Holstein calf had severe neurological symptoms at birth and died at 21 days old. The tissue fragments (central nervous system (CNS), myocardium, liver, kidney, lung, intestine, and spleen) were submitted to reverse transcription (RT)–PCR assay for the partial 5'-untranslated region (5'UTR) and N-terminal autoprotease (Npro) gene of the pestivirus genome, and the CNS tissue fragments were submitted to histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation. The RT–PCR assay indicated that the kidney, CNS, and intestinal tissue fragments were positive for the pestivirus 5'UTR, and the CNS and intestinal tissue fragments were positive for the pestivirus Npro gene. Amplicons with high DNA quantification in the 5'UTR (CNS—cerebral cortex) and Npro (CNS—cerebral cortex and intestine) RT–PCR assays were sequenced. The nucleotide (nt) sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the 5'UTR strain exhibited 93.6 to 99.4%, 85%, 89.4 to 89.9%, 85.1%, and 90.5 to 91.5% nt identity with HoBiPeV strains from clades a, b, c, d, and e, respectively. The Npro amplicons showed 99.7% nt identity to each other and 90.4 to 96.5%, 85.1 to 85.3%, 79.2 to 79.7%, and 85.8 to 86.5% nt identity with HoBiPeV strains from clades a, c, d, and e, respectively. A histopathology revealed neuronal necrosis at the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brain stem. An immunohistochemical assay designed to identify antigens of bovine viral diarrhea virus revealed positive intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity within neurons at the cerebral cortex, cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord. Thus, this report provides information about the first identification of HoBiPeV in tissues of the CNS in a newborn dairy calf with neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Victor Pronievicz Barreto
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Department of Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Arapongas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Elis Lorenzetti
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Department of Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Arapongas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Juliana Torres Tomazi Fritzen
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Andressa de Melo Jardim
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Department of Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Arapongas, Brazil
| | - Thalita Evani Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Department of Agrarian Sciences, Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Arapongas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology, Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
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11
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Minervino AHH, Vecchio D, Jorge AM, Headley SA. Editorial: Buffalo Health and Production. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:810923. [PMID: 35224077 PMCID: PMC8873098 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.810923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Domenico Vecchio
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno Portici, Portici, Italy
| | | | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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12
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Headley SA, de Lemos GAA, Dall Agnol AM, Xavier AAC, Depes VCA, Yasumitsu CY, Oliveira TES, Silva LE, Faccin TC, Alfieri AA, Lisboa JAN. Ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 infections in cattle without typical manifestations of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever and concomitantly infected with bovine coronavirus. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 53:433-446. [PMID: 34780031 PMCID: PMC8590972 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) is a severe, frequently fatal, lymphoproliferative disease that affects a wide variety of ruminants and is caused by ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), a member of the MCF virus (MCFV) complex. The typical clinical manifestations of SA-MCF are well known and easily recognized by veterinarians, resulting in clinical diagnosis of MCF when characteristic clinical signs are present. This article describes the findings observed in cattle infected with OvHV-2 but without typical clinical manifestations of SA-MCF. Three calves with episodes of diarrhea before death and a yearling that died suddenly were investigated. Gross alterations were not suggestive of SA-MCF. Histopathology revealed a combination of proliferating vascular lesions (PVLs) and necrotizing vasculitis in three animals (two calves and the yearling); with PVLs being identified only at the carotid rete mirabile of two calves infected with OvHV-2. Additional significant histopathologic lesions included atrophic enteritis, portal lymphocytic hepatitis, interstitial pneumonia, suppurative bacterial bronchopneumonia, and pulmonary hemorrhage. An immunohistochemical assay designed to identify only antigens of MCFV revealed, positive, intralesional, intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity within epithelial cells of multiple tissues of all animals with PVLs. PCR assays amplified OvHV-2 DNA from multiple tissues of the animals that contained MCFV proteins, confirming the MCFV identified as OvHV-2. Additionally, bovine coronavirus (BCoV) nucleic acids were amplified from tissues of all animals, including the animal not infected by OvHV-2. Collectively, these findings confirmed the participation of OvHV-2 in the development of the disease patterns observed in these animals that were concomitantly infected by BCoV and provide additional confirmation that cattle can be subclinically infected with OvHV-2. Consequently, the real occurrence of OvHV-2-related disease may be more elevated than reported, since asymptomatic or subclinically infected animals are not likely to be investigated for OvHV-2. Furthermore, PVLs should be included as possible histologic indicators of OvHV-2-related diseases in ruminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, PO Box 10.011, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil. .,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Tissue Processing Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. .,National Institute of Science and Technology of Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Gisele Augusta Amorim de Lemos
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, PO Box 10.011, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Alais Maria Dall Agnol
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Aparecida Correa Xavier
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, PO Box 10.011, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Yuka Yasumitsu
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thalita Ernani Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, PO Box 10.011, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Luara Evangelista Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, PO Box 10.011, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Cargnin Faccin
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, PO Box 10.011, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Júlio Augusto Naylor Lisboa
- National Institute of Science and Technology of Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Large Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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13
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de Mello Zanim Michelazzo M, Martinelli TM, de Amorim VRG, Silva LE, Silva FHP, Xavier AAC, Cubas ZS, de Almeida RF, de Moraes W, Headley SA. Canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus type-2 infections in neotropical otters (Lontra longicaudis) from Southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 53:369-375. [PMID: 34709597 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
All descriptions of infectious diseases affecting otters were published in the Northern Hemisphere, with no occurrence identified in neotropical otters (Lontra longicaudis). Consequently, a retrospective histopathological study using archival tissue samples from six free-living neotropical otters was done to investigate the possible occurrence of disease patterns associated with common viral infectious disease agents of the domestic dogs. Immunohistochemical (IHC) assays were designed to identify intralesional tissue antigens of canine distemper virus (CDV), and canine adenovirus-1 (CAdV-1) and canine adenovirus-2 (CAdV-2). The most frequent histopathological patterns diagnosed were interstitial pneumonia (83.33%; 6/5) and hepatocellular vacuolar degeneration (50%; 3/6). IHC identified intralesional intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity to CDV antigens in all otters evaluated, with positive immunolabeling occurring within epithelial cells of the lungs, stomach, kidneys, and liver, and skin. Intracytoplasmic CAdV-2 antigens were identified within epithelial cells of the peribronchial glands in four otters with interstitial pneumonia. These findings resulted in singular and simultaneous infections in these neotropical otters, represented the first report of concomitant infections by CDV and CAdV-2 in free-living neotropical otters from the Southern Hemisphere, and suggested that this mammalian species is susceptible to infections by viral disease agents common to the domestic dogs and may develop similar histopathologic disease patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana de Mello Zanim Michelazzo
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, PO Box 10.011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Tayná Messias Martinelli
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, PO Box 10.011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | | | - Luara Evangelista Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, PO Box 10.011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Aparecida Correa Xavier
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, PO Box 10.011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, PO Box 10.011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade de Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal, Universidade Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil.
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14
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Oliveira TES, Scuisato GS, Pelaquim IF, Cunha CW, Cunha LS, Flores EF, Pretto-Giordano LG, Lisbôa JAN, Alfieri AA, Saut JPE, Jorge da Cunha PH, Headley SA. The Participation of a Malignant Catarrhal Fever Virus and Mycoplasma bovis in the Development of Single and Mixed Infections in Beef and Dairy Cattle With Bovine Respiratory Disease. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:691448. [PMID: 34368279 PMCID: PMC8339727 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.691448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The bovine respiratory disease (BRD) complex is a multietiological and multifactorial disease associated with a wide range of viral and bacterial pathogens. This study evaluated the contribution of specific infectious disease agents in the development of BRD in cattle from Brazil and determined if a virus within the malignant catarrhal fever virus (MCFV) group and Mycoplasma bovis, acting individually or in conjunction, can be associated with the development of BRD. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded pulmonary sections were used in immunohistochemical assays to determine the intralesional presence of six antigens associated with BRD: bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (BPIV-3), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), MCFV, and M. bovis. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 82.7% (120/145) of all cattle evaluated. Interstitial pneumonia (60%, 72/120) and suppurative bronchopneumonia (25.8%, 31/120) were the most frequent patterns of pneumonia identified. Intralesional antigens of MCFV (53.3%, 64/120) were the most frequently associated with BRD, followed by M. bovis (47.5%, 57/120), BVDV (42.5%, 51/120), BoHV-1 (28.3%, 34/120), BRSV (24.2%, 29/120), and BPIV-3 (8.3%, 10/120). Additionally, antigens of BVDV, MCFV, and M. bovis were the most frequently identified agents associated with singular and concomitant infections. The MCFV identified during this study is more likely to be ovine gammaherpesvirus 2 (OvHV-2), since OvHV-2 is the only MCFV identified within the geographical region of this study. Interstitial pneumonia with proliferative vascular lesions may be a useful histologic feature to differentiate MCFV-induced pneumonia from other viral pneumonias of cattle. These results demonstrate that MCFV and M. bovis, in single or mixed infections, can produce pneumonia in cattle and should therefore be considered as primary agents in the development of BRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Evani Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.,National Institutes of Science and Technology, Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Sanches Scuisato
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Isadora Fernanda Pelaquim
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wetzel Cunha
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA, United States.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology and Paul G. Alan School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Lucas Santana Cunha
- Department of Statistics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Furtado Flores
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Lucienne Garcia Pretto-Giordano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Júlio Augusto Naylor Lisbôa
- National Institutes of Science and Technology, Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.,Large Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- National Institutes of Science and Technology, Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Elsen Saut
- Large Animal Health Laboratory, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | | | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.,National Institutes of Science and Technology, Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade de Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Brazil
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15
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Oliveira TESD, Leme RA, Agnol AMD, Gerez JR, Pelaquim IF, Miyabe FM, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA, Headley SA. Seneca Valley virus induces immunodepressionin suckling piglets by selective apoptosis of B lymphocytes. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:105022. [PMID: 34129904 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV) is the causative agent of an emerging infectious vesicular disease in swine that is clinically indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases of swine. This study utilized healthy suckling piglets (control) and SVV-naturally infected suckling piglets to determine the effects of SVV on lymphoid tissues and determined the SVV RNA load by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, immunohistochemistry (IHC) analyses were performed to quantify the expression of T and B cell lymphocytes, natural killer cells, cleaved caspase 3, and ki-67. The main histopathologic finding in the infected group was severe lymphoid depletion. The highest average of SVV RNA load by qRT-PCR (Log10 genomic copies/g of tissue) occurred at the spleen (8.54 ± 0.8), followed by the tonsils (8.04 ± 1.42), and mesenteric lymph nodes (6.90 ± 1.42). The IHC analyses revealed that there was an increased in cellular apoptosis with concomitant reduction in the proliferation of B cells. The results from this study have demonstrated that SVV-infected piglets exhibited decreased lymphocyte density probably due to lymphoid apoptosis, affecting particularly B-cells lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Evani Silva de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Raquel Arruda Leme
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alais Maria Dall Agnol
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Juliana Rubira Gerez
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isadora Fernanda Pelaquim
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Flavia Megumi Miyabe
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alice Fernandes Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Tissue Processing Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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16
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Lavorente FLP, de Matos AMRN, Lorenzetti E, Oliveira MV, Pinto-Ferreira F, Michelazzo MDMZ, Viana NE, Lunardi M, Headley SA, Alfieri AA, Alfieri AF. First detection of Feline morbillivirus infection in white-eared opossums (Didelphis albiventris, Lund, 1840), a non-feline host. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:1426-1437. [PMID: 33872470 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Feline Morbillivirus (FeMV) was first detected in 2012 in domestic cats from Hong Kong and was found to be associated with tubulointerstitial nephritis and chronic kidney disease. In subsequent studies in other countries, FeMV was detected in asymptomatic cats. However, it is not clear whether FeMV plays a role as a pathogen in the kidney diseases of cats, and other epidemiological data are still unknown. To date, studies have reported the presence of FeMV exclusively in domestic cats. This study is the first molecular detection of the FeMV RNA associated with pathological and immunohistochemical findings in a synanthropic marsupial, the white-eared opossum (Didelphis albiventris), inhabiting peri-urban areas of north-central Parana, Southern Brazil. Molecular techniques identified the viral RNA in the lungs and kidneys. Histopathologic evaluation of these tissues revealed interstitial pneumonia in the lungs with lymphocytic nephritis and tubular necrosis in the kidneys. Immunohistochemistry assays detected positive intralesional immunoreactivity to N protein of FeMV within the lungs and kidneys. A FeMV opossum strain was isolated in Crandell Rees feline kidney lineage cells, resulting in syncytia formation and cell death. Therefore, these results support the ability of FeMV to infect other mammal species and reinforce the possibility of the opossum to be a disseminator of this virus among domestic and wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Louise Pereira Lavorente
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Elis Lorenzetti
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinicius Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Pinto-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Zoonoses and Public Health, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Mello Zanin Michelazzo
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nayara Emily Viana
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Michele Lunardi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Universidade de Cuiabá, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Post Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production, Universidade Pitágoras Unopar, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alice Fernandes Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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17
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Miyabe FM, Dall Agnol AM, Leme RA, Oliveira TES, Headley SA, Fernandes T, de Oliveira AG, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Porcine rotavirus B as primary causative agent of diarrhea outbreaks in newborn piglets. Sci Rep 2020; 10:22002. [PMID: 33319798 PMCID: PMC7738533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78797-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) is considered a major cause of acute viral gastroenteritis in young animals. RV is classified into nine species, five of which have been identified in pigs. Most studies worldwide have highlighted diarrhoea outbreaks caused by RVA, which is considered the most important RV species. In the present study, we described the detection and characterization of porcine RVB as a primary causative agent of diarrhoea outbreaks in pig herds in Brazil. The study showed a high frequency (64/90; 71.1%) of RVB diagnosis in newborn piglets associated with marked histopathological lesions in the small intestines. Phylogenetic analysis of the VP7 gene of wild-type RVB strains revealed a high diversity of G genotypes circulating in one geographic region of Brazil. Our findings suggest that RVB may be considered an important primary enteric pathogen in piglets and should be included in the routine differential diagnosis of enteric diseases in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia Megumi Miyabe
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory-Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alais Maria Dall Agnol
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory-Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Raquel Arruda Leme
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory-Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thalita Evani Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thiago Fernandes
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Admilton Gonçalves de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Department of Microbiology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alice Fernandes Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory-Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, Londrina, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil. .,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory-Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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18
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de Aquino MCC, Inácio SV, Rodrigues FDS, de Barros LD, Garcia JL, Headley SA, Gomes JF, Bresciani KDS. Cryptosporidiosis and Giardiasis in Buffaloes ( Bubalus bubalis). Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:557967. [PMID: 33330686 PMCID: PMC7673452 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.557967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis infect the gastrointestinal tracts of animals and humans. Both parasite groups are distributed worldwide and cause significant economic losses in animal productivity. Infected hosts presenting with and without clinical manifestations can eliminate infective forms of these protozoa, which are particularly important to One Health. Compared to the published research on cattle, relatively few studies have examined the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis in buffaloes. This short review describes the global occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis in buffaloes, including the molecular techniques employed for the identification of species/assemblages and genotypes of these protozoa. Genetic analyses of isolates of G. duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. from various sources (environmental, animal, and human) have been performed to investigate their epidemiology. In buffaloes, the species Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium ryanae, Cryptosporidium bovis, and Cryptosporidium suis-like have been characterized, as well as assemblages A and E of G. duodenalis. We demonstrate that buffaloes can be infected by species of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis assemblages with zoonotic potential. Epidemiological studies that utilize molecular biology techniques represent an important resource for efforts to control and prevent the spread of these protozoans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Valéria Inácio
- School of Veterinary Medicine Araçatuba, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Souza Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Luiz Daniel de Barros
- Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - João Luis Garcia
- Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Comparative Pathology Shared Resources Laboratory, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States.,Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Jancarlo Ferreira Gomes
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Image Data Science, Institute of Computing, University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Pinto-Ferreira F, Nino BDSL, Martins FDC, Monica TC, Britto IC, Signori A, Medici KC, Freire RL, Navarro IT, Garcia JL, Headley SA, Vogel FSF, Minuzzi CE, Portella LP, Bräunig P, Sangioni LA, Ludwig A, Ramos LS, Pacheco L, Silva CR, Pacheco FC, Menegolla IA, Farinha LB, Haas S, Canal N, Mineo JR, Difante CM, Mitsuka-Breganó R. Isolation, genetic and immunohistochemical identification of Toxoplasma gondii from human placenta in a large toxoplasmosis outbreak in southern Brazil, 2018. Infect Genet Evol 2020; 85:104589. [PMID: 33039602 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to describe a molecular analysis of environmental and pork samples, the isolation, genetic identification and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of Toxoplama gondii from placenta and amniotic fluid from five pregnant women that miscarried during a toxoplasmosis outbreak in 2018, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul. Environmental and pork samples were submitted to polymerase chain reaction (PCR); placenta and amniotic fluid samples to histopathology, IHC, mouse bioassay and PCR. All samples were genotyped by PCR-RFLP with 11 loci. Histopathologic and IHC were compatibles with toxoplasmosis. All pregnants were positive in PCR and bioassay, the genotypes were compared, and all were equal suggesting a same source of infection. Among the environmental and food samples, a sludge sample from a water tank and two porks samples were positive in PCR, and the genotypes were different from the pregnant women isolates. It is concluded that obtain and compare isolates is essential to elucidate outbreak source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Pinto-Ferreira
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Beatriz de Souza Lima Nino
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | - Thais Cabral Monica
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isadora Cortella Britto
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ariana Signori
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Kerlei Cristina Medici
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Roberta Lemos Freire
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Italmar Teodorico Navarro
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - João Luis Garcia
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | - Camila E Minuzzi
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Patricia Bräunig
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Ludwig
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciane Silva Ramos
- Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Liliane Pacheco
- Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lourdes Bonfleur Farinha
- Vigilância Epidemiológica 4(a) Regional de Saúde - Secretaria da Saúde, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Simone Haas
- LACEN/RS - Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Natalia Canal
- LACEN/RS - Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | | | - Cledison Marcio Difante
- Superintendência de Vigilância em Saúde/Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Regina Mitsuka-Breganó
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
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20
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Headley SA, Müller MC, de Oliveira TES, Barros Gil Duarte CA, Valente Pereira PF, Vieira MV, Cunha CW, Flores EF, Lisbôa JAN, Pretto-Giordano LG. Diphtheric aspergillosis tracheitis with gastrointestinal dissemination secondary to viral infections in a dairy calf. Microb Pathog 2020; 149:104497. [PMID: 32910985 PMCID: PMC7476962 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diphtheric aspergillosis tracheitis is an uncommon syndrome described in human pathology, usually associated with immunosuppression in the affected individuals. Interestingly, no comparative/equivalent cases were found in domestic animals. This report describes the pathological and mycological findings associated with diphtheric aspergillosis tracheitis in an immunocompromised calf. The main pathological findings were diphtheric tracheitis and rhinitis, and necrotizing ruminitis associated with intralesional septate, acute branching fungal hyphae consistent with Aspergillus spp. Mycological culture and isolation confirmed the fungal hyphae as A. fumigatus due to characteristic features. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays identified intralesional antigens of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and malignant catarrhal fever virus (MCFV) at the trachea and small intestine; IHC detected intralesional antigens of bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) only at the trachea. These findings confirmed the simultaneous occurrence of A. fumigatus with concomitant infections due to BVDV, MCFV, and BoHV-1 in this calf. Since ovine gammaherpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) is the cause of MCF in Brail, it is likely that the intralesional MCFV antigens identified were those of OvHV-2. In this case, disseminated aspergillosis was probably associated with the undeveloped immunological status of the calf that was further impaired due to the combined immunodepressive effects of BVDV and BoHV-1 infections. Although BVDV and BoHV-1 are infectious disease pathogens frequently associated with the development of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in feedlot and dairy cattle, the identification of intralesional OvHV-2-like antigens in several parts of the lungs suggest that this MCFV also played a role in the BRD-associated lesions identified in this calf. An unusual presentation of fungal diphtheric tracheitis associated with Aspergillus fumigatus is described in a dairy calf. A Malignant Catarrhal Fever Virus, most likely, OvHV-2, was associated with the development of pneumonia in this calf. Simultaneous infections in dairy calves may be more frequent than previously reported. OvHV-2 should be considered as a possible disease pathogen associated with the development of bovine respiratory disease. The immunodepressive effects of BVDV and BoHV-1 were fundamental for the development of the fungal disease observed in this calf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Comparative Pathology Shared Resources Laboratory, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA.
| | - Melissa Cristina Müller
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Thalita Evani Silva de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcos Vinícius Vieira
- Laboratory of Animal Mycology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wetzel Cunha
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA, USA; Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology and Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Eduardo Furtado Flores
- Virology Section, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Júlio Augusto Naylor Lisbôa
- Large Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucienne Garcia Pretto-Giordano
- Laboratory of Animal Mycology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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21
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de Barros LD, Garcia JL, Bresciani KDS, Cardim ST, Storte VS, Headley SA. A Review of Toxoplasmosis and Neosporosis in Water Buffalo ( Bubalus bubalis). Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:455. [PMID: 32851033 PMCID: PMC7431459 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasmosis and neosporosis are diseases with worldwide distribution that are associated with reproductive problems in livestock and responsible for economic losses. This review presents an overview of the current knowledge relative to these diseases in water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). In general, buffalo are considered resistant to clinical toxoplasmosis because there are studies only reporting serological evidence of natural infection in these animals. Studies have described age, poor hygienic status of the farm, and presence of cats as risk factors for the development of Toxoplasma gondii infection in buffalo. It must be highlighted that buffalo meat, which does not receive adequate freezing treatment, could be a potential source for toxoplasmic human infection as well as the importance of raw buffalo milk in the transmission of toxoplasmosis to human beings. Neospora caninum is considered one of the major causes of abortion and responsible for huge economic losses in cattle. Vertical transmission is the main route to infect calves, and is responsible for maintaining the parasite within a herd. In buffalo, vertical transmission is also described; moreover, although there are indications that N. caninum may be associated with abortion in dairy buffalo, the reproductive importance of neosporosis is apparently lower in buffalo relative to cattle. Most studies have identified a higher time of exposition to N. caninum oocysts relative to age. The household system was also described as a risk factor for infection, possibly due to persistent contact between the home-raised buffalo and canids. The fetal immune competence of buffalo is similar to bovine, and buffalo fetus are highly susceptible to infection during the first trimester of pregnancy, indicating that N. caninum may be an abortigenic agent in buffaloes. Alternatively, it is interesting to note there is evidence that the inflammatory response in pregnant buffalo infected with N. caninum is mild enough to avoid abortion in most cases. It is proposed that the possible transmission of toxoplasmosis through unprocessed milk and buffalo meat may occur, which is important in terms of public health. Additionally, there is strong evidence to suggest that N. caninum may be associated with abortion in buffalo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Daniel de Barros
- Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - João Luis Garcia
- Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Tosi Cardim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte Do Paraná, Arapongas, Brazil
| | - Victor Sesnik Storte
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Norte Do Paraná, Arapongas, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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22
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Romanelli PR, de Matos AMRN, Pinto-Ferreira F, Caldart ET, Mareze M, Matos RLN, Freire RL, Mitsuka-Breganó R, Headley SA, Minho AP, da Rocha Cavalcante AC, Okano W, Kohek Júnior I, Rodrigues RO, Navarro IT. Seroepidemiology of ovine toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in breeding rams from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67 Suppl 2:208-211. [PMID: 32597025 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the prevalence of ovine toxoplasmosis and neosporosis and the risk factors associated with the development of these diseases in breeding rams from the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Southern Brazil. Serum samples (n = 1,800) from breeding rams maintained on 705 sheep farms from seven mesoregions were evaluated serologically to detect anti-IgG Toxoplasma gondii by indirect ELISA and anti-IgG Neospora caninum by the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). The prevalence of T. gondii was 33.05% (595/1,800); seropositivity to N. caninum was 18.44% (332/1,800). Additionally, there was simultaneous seropositivity (8.94%;161/1,800) to N. caninum and T. gondii. The variables size of the property (<500 ha) (Prevalence Ratio, PR = 1.36); breeding system (semi-intensive/intensive) (PR = 1.23); and natural mounting without control (PR = 1.50) were considered as risk factors for the occurrence of T. gondii. Size of the property (<500 ha) (PR = 1.58) and natural mounting without control (PR = 2.32) were risk factors associated with the prevalence of N. caninum in rams. Additionally, separation of ewes prior to parturition was considered as a protective factor for the occurrence of T. gondii (PR = 0.82) and N. caninum (PR = 0.74). These results demonstrated that these two parasitic disease agents are endemic in rams throughout all regions of RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Roberto Romanelli
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Fernanda Pinto-Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Eloiza Teles Caldart
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Marcelle Mareze
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Roberta Lemos Freire
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Regina Mitsuka-Breganó
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Werner Okano
- Self-employed, Practicing Veterinarian, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ivo Kohek Júnior
- Médico Veterinário Fiscal Estadual Agropecuário, IPVDF, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Oliveira Rodrigues
- Pesquisador IV-Especial, Laboratório Leptospirose, Instituto de Pesquisas Veterinárias Desidério Finamor - IPVDF/SEAPDR, Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Headley SA, de Oliveira TES, Cunha CW. A review of the epidemiological, clinical, and pathological aspects of malignant catarrhal fever in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1405-1432. [PMID: 32542424 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF), the form of MCF that occurs in Brazil, is a severe, frequently fatal, infectious disease caused by ovine gammaherpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2), in which sheep are the asymptomatic hosts and cattle and other cloven-hoofed animals are the accidental hosts. This review provides a critical analysis of the historical, epidemiological aspects and the estimated economic impacts associated with SA-MCF in Brazil. Moreover, the clinical manifestations and pathological lesions associated with SA-MCF in cattle are reviewed and discussed and the phylogenetic distribution of OvHV-2 in Brazil is presented. OvHV-2 is the only MCF virus identified in animals from Brazil. It is recommended that a histopathologic diagnosis of SA-MCF be based on all aspects of vascular disease in the affected animal and not only lymphocytic/necrotizing vasculitis and/or fibrinoid change. Conformation of the intralesional participation of OvHV-2 in these alterations can be achieved by immunohistochemistry and/or in situ hybridization assays. Additionally, it is proposed that OvHV-2 should be considered as a possible infectious disease agent associated with the development of bovine respiratory disease in cattle. Furthermore, the possible role of the small intestine in the dissemination of OvHV-2 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, PO Box 10.011, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil.
| | - Thalita Evani Silva de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 Km 380, Campus Universitário, PO Box 10.011, Paraná, 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Cristina Wetzel Cunha
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Pullman, WA, 99164-6630, USA
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Michelazzo MDMZ, de Oliveira TES, Viana NE, de Moraes W, Cubas ZS, Headley SA. Immunohistochemical evidence of canine morbillivirus (canine distemper) infection in coatis (Nasua nasua) from Southern Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67 Suppl 2:178-184. [PMID: 32080984 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The pathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) findings associated with infection due to canine morbilivírus (canine distemper virus, CDV) are described in coatis (Nasua nasua). Tissue fragments of coatis (n = 13) that died at the Bela Vista Sanctuary, Paraná, Southern Brazil, were routinely processed for histopathology to identify the main histopathologic patterns as compared to that of the domestic dog. Selected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue fragments of the lungs, liver, urinary bladder and small intestine were used in IHC assays designed to identify the antigens of CDV, canine adenovirus (CAdV-1 and CAdV-2) and canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2). The main histopathologic patterns identified were interstitial pneumonia (n = 9), interstitial nephritis (n = 6), atrophic enteritis (n = 4) and ballooning degeneration of the uroepithelium (n = 3). Positive immunolabelling for intralesional antigens of CDV was identified in the lung with interstitial pneumonia (n = 3), in the intestine (n = 2) and in the degenerated epithelium of the urinary bladder (n = 2). Antigens of CPV-2, CAdV-1 and CAdV-2 were not identified in any FFPE tissue sections evaluated. These findings indicate that these wild carnivores were infected by a viral disease pathogen common to the domestic dog and develop similar histopathologic findings. Collectively, these findings suggest that these coatis were infected by CDV and can serve as a potential host for this infectious disease pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thalita Evani Silva de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Nayara Emily Viana
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Viana NE, de Mello Zanim Michelazzo M, Oliveira TES, Cubas ZS, de Moraes W, Headley SA. Immunohistochemical identification of antigens of canine distemper virus in neotropical felids from Southern Brazil. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67 Suppl 2:149-153. [PMID: 31916410 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pathologic and immunohistochemical findings associated with infections due to canine distemper virus (CDV) are described in the cougar (Puma concolor), margay (Leopardus wiedii) and jaguarundi (Herpailurus yagouaroundi) from Southern Brazil. Tissue sections of the neotropical felids (n = 3) that died at the Bela Vista Sanctuary, Paraná, Southern Brazil were routinely processed for histopathology to identify possible histopathologic patterns associated with infections due to CDV. Selected formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections of the lungs and urinary bladder were used in immunohistochemical assays designed to identify the antigens of CDV. The main histopathologic patterns identified were interstitial pneumonia in the margay and jaguarundi, while ballooning degeneration of the transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder was observed in the cougar. Positive immunoreactivity to antigens of CDV was identified within intralesional sections of the lungs of the two wild felids with interstitial pneumonia and in the degenerated urothelium of the cougar. These findings indicate that these neotropical cats were infected by a viral infectious disease pathogen common to the domestic dog and add to the few documented descriptions of CDV-induced infections in wildlife from Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayara Emily Viana
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | - Thalita Evani Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
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Abstract
Background: This report describes the occurrence of equine neorickettsiosis (EN) in the northern region of Paraná, southern Brazil. EN is a non-contagious infectious disease caused by the Gram-negative bacterium, Neorickettsia risticii. Equine neorickettsiosis was previously known as Potomac horse fever and monocytic ehrlichiosis. The disease occurs predominantly in the USA and Canada; data relative to EN in Brazil is scarce. The aim of this study was to report the first case of putative EN in the state of Paraná due to a combination of IHC and molecular testing.Case: A 2-year-old Quarter Horse was referred to a Veterinary Hospital with episodes of abdominal discomfort, fever, anorexia, tachycardia, and tachypnea. The animal reportedly demonstrated episodes of blackened and fetid diarrhea after the ingestion of hay. A treatment was established upon arrival at the veterinary hospital, but the mare died after 12 hours of monitoring. An autopsy examination performed soon after death revealed severe hyperemia of the mucosa of the cecum and colon, with multifocal cecal erosions and ulcerations. The principal histological lesion observed was necrotizing enterocolitis. Additional significant histopathologic lesions included widespread lymphoid depletion affecting the spleen, tonsils, and lymph nodes. An IHC assay designed to identify the antigens of N. helminthoeca (NH) in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues, identified antigens of intralesional neorickettsial organisms within macrophages of the mucosa of the colon. Additionally, a PCR assay designed to amplify the 16S rRNA gene of Neorickettsia, amplified the desired amplicon, but sequencing was frustrating.Discussion: A putative diagnosis of equine neorickettsiosis was established due to the combination of epidemiological evidence, pathologic findings, immunohistochemical identification of intralesional antigens of neorickettsial agents, and amplification of the 16S gene of Neorickettsia spp. by PCR. The gross and microscopic lesions described must be differentiated from lesions observed in equine salmonellosis and Clostridium difficile associated disease of horses. IHC was performed on FFPE intestinal tissue using an anti-NH hyperimmune serum as primary antibody due to high antigenic cross-reactivity between Neorickettsia spp. There was positive intracytoplasmic immunolabeling of macrophages in the mucosa of the large colon indicating the presence of neorickettsial antigens. The PCR amplified the desired amplicon from the colon fragment, but sequencing was frustrating due to poor quality product that resulted in an organism consistent with Methylobacterium spp., probably, a contaminant. EN show a seasonal and endemic tendency in USA, Uruguay and in southern Brazil, occurring in warmer months, as in the case reported. Evidence suggests that an ancient disease named “churrido” known for at least 100 years in southern Brazil and Uruguay is, in fact, equine neorickettsiosis and might have been introduced to North America from South America. Considering the epidemiological evidence and the worldwide distribution of NR, we suggest that EN is probably underdiagnosed in Brazil and that the etiology of equine enterocolitis should be more thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this report broadens the knowledge of EN in our region. In conclusion, considering the epidemiologic, pathologic, immunohistochemical and molecular evidence, and the specie-specificity of Neorickettsia spp., we report a putative case of EN in southern Brazil and the first report in Paraná state. IHC is a useful technique, less technically demanding and time consuming than bacterial culture and isolation, considered the gold standard; and can be used to diagnose EN when compatible pathologic evidence is present concomitantly.
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Headley SA, Oliveira TES, Li H, Lisbôa JAN, Queiroz GR, Fritzen JTT, Flores EF, Alfieri AA, Cunha CW. Immunohistochemical Detection of Intralesional Antigens of Ovine Gammaherpesvirus-2 in Cattle with Sheep-associated Malignant Catarrhal Fever. J Comp Pathol 2019; 174:86-98. [PMID: 31955809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever (SA-MCF) is a severe lymphoproliferative disease of ruminants caused by ovine gammaherpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2). Since the initial identification of SA-MCF there has been extensive research related to the pathogenesis of OvHV-2, based primarily on serological and molecular assays associated with typical histopathological findings. The monoclonal antibody (MAb-15A) binds to a common epitope in MCF viruses and is used frequently in serological investigations. However, the utilization of this antibody to detect antigens of OvHV-2 in tissues has not been examined. Accordingly, this study standardized an immunohistochemical assay using MAb-15A to identify antigens of OvHV-2 in tissues of cattle (n = 5) with SA-MCF. All animals developed acute neurological signs, without ocular and nasal manifestations, and had nucleic acids of OvHV-2 in brain tissue detected by polymerase chain reaction. The principal histopathological findings were lymphocytic nephritis (n = 5), widespread arterial proliferation and vasculitis (n = 5), lymphocytic portal hepatitis (n = 3), non-suppurative meningoencephalitis (n = 2) and atrophic enteritis with cryptal necrosis and dilation (n = 2). Intralesional intracytoplasmic antigens of OvHV-2 were identified within multiple epithelial cells of the kidneys of all animals, the intestines of animals with and without atrophic enteritis, and within epithelial cells of bile ducts in animals with lymphocytic hepatitis. Additionally, there was positive intracytoplasmic immunoreactivity within histiocytes and lymphocytes in several tissues. These findings suggest that the MAb-15A detects antigens of OvHV-2 within epithelial cells and leucocytes in several organs. Moreover, this assay would contribute significantly towards understanding of the pathogenesis of SA-MCF and may be used for retrospective studies. Additionally, angiopathy in SA-MCF may be a progressive lesion, which may terminate in luminal occlusion and probably occurs irrespectively of the eye and head form of MCF.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
| | - T E S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - H Li
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - J A N Lisbôa
- Large Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - G R Queiroz
- Large Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade do Norte do Paraná, Arapongas, Paraná, Brazil
| | - J T T Fritzen
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - E F Flores
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A A Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - C W Cunha
- Animal Disease Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Amude AM, Arias MVB, Headley SA, Bracarense APFRL, Silva NF, Alfieri AA. Necrotizing leukoencephalitis in a Yorkshire dog from Brazil. SCA 2019; 40:3321. [DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n6supl2p3321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing leukoencephalitis (NLE) is an uncommon inflammatory condition of brain of dogs, and was described in dogs from North America, Europe, and Asia. Cases of NLE from South America were not located when major data bases were examined. Consequently, this report describes the findings associated with NLE in a Brazilian 3.5-year-old female Yorkshire dog with neurological findings related to the myelencephalon; the dog died, besides medical treatment, and was submitted for autopsy exam and histopathological evaluation. Lesions were restricted to the encephalon and characterized as leukoencephalomalacia with severe non-suppurative inflammation with extensive perivascular cuffing; the non-suppurative inflammation was characterized by influx of lymphocytes and histiocytes, and occasionally plasma cells, and gitter cells. Infectious disease agents were not identified by molecular techniques or visualized with histochemical stains. This report represents the first definitive diagnose of NLE in Brazil, suggesting that this disease may be present in South America dogs suffering from neurological conditions. This knowledge may be useful for veterinarians in Brazil, taking into account that this disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis when infectious causes are excluded.
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Costa AS, Silva MEM, Santos TRD, Bisinoto MB, Tsuruta SA, Borges SBA, Barbosa SPF, Alves AE, Mundim AV, Headley SA, Saut JPE. A retrospective study of reproductive disorders in female dogs from the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. SCA 2019; 40:2299. [DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5supl1p2299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Diseases of the reproductive system are common in both sexes in the most varied of species. In female dog, these diseases produce different degrees of morbidity and mortality and are influenced by environmental conditions, reproductive history, and previous drug treatments. Reproductive disease may have different consequences, ranging from the absence of clinical signs to the impairment of fertility. The objective of this study was to determine the causes of reproductive diseases in female dogs admitted to the Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Uberlândia, during a six-year period (2012-2017) and to identify the most frequently occurring diseases. Information relative to the species, age, breed, and sex of 32,944 were obtained for animals. Of these, 16,480 were female dogs and 1,185 were diagnosed with alterations to the reproductive system. The animals were divided into four groups according to age (puppies, young adults, adults, and old) and disease of the reproductive system (Group 1 - vaginal and vulvar alterations; Group 2 - alterations to the estrous cycle, ovary, and uterus; Group 3 - alterations to the gestational period and parturition). The highest occurrence of diagnoses (47%) was recorded in young adult female dogs (1 to 5 years old). The most frequent alterations in female dogs were pyometra (48.8%), dystocia (13.6%), and transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) (12.6%). Crossbred dogs were the most affected with alterations to the reproductive system, representing 60% of all the female dogs diagnosed with any pathologic alteration. In conclusion, a 7.2% occurrence of reproductive disorders shows the relevance of these diseases in small animals and suggests that new methods are needed for the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of these disorders.
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Headley SA, Viana NE, Michelazzo MDMZ, Xavier AAC, Costa CJS, de Pinho FHO, Dos Santos MD. Neorickettsia helminthoeca associated lymphoid, enteric, and pulmonary lesions in dogs from Southern Brazil: An immunohistochemical study. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67 Suppl 2:49-59. [PMID: 31232527 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neorickettsia helminthoeca (NH), the agent of salmon poisoning disease or canine neorickettiosis (CN), is a bacterial endosymbiont of the nematode Nanophyetus salmincola, and infections are spreading among specific fish-eating mammalians. This article describes the pathologic and immunohistochemical findings associated with spontaneous NH-induced infections in dogs from Southern Brazil. The principal pathologic findings were hypertrophy of Peyer patches and lymphadenopathy with lymphocytic proliferation, chronic interstitial pneumonia, and chronic enteritis associated with positive intralesional immunoreactivity to antigens of NH within macrophages and histiocytes. Positive immunoreactivity against canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) or/and canine distemper virus was not detected in the evaluated intestinal segments or in the samples from the cerebellum and lungs, respectively, from the dogs evaluated. These findings demonstrated that NH was involved in the enteric, pulmonary, and lymphoid lesions herein described, and provide additional information to confirm the occurrence of this bacterial endosymbiont within this geographical location. It is proposed that chronic pneumonia should be considered as a pathologic manifestation of NH-induced infections. Additionally, our results show that the occurrences of CN seem to be underdiagnosed in Southern Brazil due to the confusion with the incidence of CPV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Nayara Emily Viana
- Laboratory Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Aparecida Correa Xavier
- Laboratory Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cícero Júlio Silva Costa
- Laboratory Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Felipe Hideki Ogo de Pinho
- Laboratory Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Diniz Dos Santos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Oliveira TES, Pelaquim IF, Flores EF, Massi RP, Valdiviezo MJJ, Pretto-Giordano LG, Alfieri AA, Saut JPE, Headley SA. Mycoplasma bovis and viral agents associated with the development of bovine respiratory disease in adult dairy cows. Transbound Emerg Dis 2019; 67 Suppl 2:82-93. [PMID: 31232526 PMCID: PMC7228412 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The etiology and pathologic findings of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in adult dairy cows (n = 35) from a commercial dairy herd in Southern Brazil were investigated. Pulmonary samples were examined for histopathologic patterns and specific features within these patterns, while immunohistochemical (IHC) assays were designed to detect the intralesional antigens of viral infectious disease agents and Mycoplasma bovis. Pneumonia was diagnosed in 91.4% (32/35) of these cases; neither pneumonia nor any of the infectious disease pathogens evaluated occurred in three cows. The presence of multiple respiratory pathogens in 75% (24/32) of these cases indicated the complex origin of pneumonia in cattle. Interstitial pneumonia, necrosuppurative bronchopneumonia and suppurative bronchopneumonia were the principal patterns of pulmonary disease identified by histopathology. The most frequent pathogens identified by IHC were bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV; n = 18), M. bovis (n = 16) and bovine alphaherpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1; n = 14), followed by bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV; n = 11) and bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 (BPIV-3; n = 5). Obliterative bronchiolitis and peribronchial lymphocytic cuffings were the characteristic histopathologic features associated with M. bovis. Necrohemorrhagic bronchitis with bronchial angiogenesis was associated with BoHV-1. Necrotizing bronchitis and bronchiolitis were associated with BVDV, BoHV-1 and BRSV. Ballooning degeneration of the bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia was associated with BRSV and BoHV-1. This is the first report from Brazil that correlated the histopathologic findings of BRD with the associated infectious disease agents by immunohistochemistry. M. bovis was frequently detected in the tissues of cows with fatal pulmonary disease during this study and may be a possible primary disease pathogen associated with the development of BRD in dairy cows. Additionally, the histopathologic features identified within patterns of pulmonary disease during this investigation may be an efficient diagnostic tool to associate histopathologic findings with specific agents of BRD in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Evani Silva Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,National Institutes of Science and Technology, Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite; Brazil), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isadora Fernanda Pelaquim
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Furtado Flores
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Pelisson Massi
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Milton James Jiménez Valdiviezo
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lucienne Garcia Pretto-Giordano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- National Institutes of Science and Technology, Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite; Brazil), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Elsen Saut
- Large Animal Health Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,National Institutes of Science and Technology, Dairy Production Chain (INCT-Leite; Brazil), Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Dall Agnol AM, Beuttemmuller EA, Pilz D, Leme RA, Saporiti V, Headley SA, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Detection of Equid gammaherpesvirus 2 and 5 DNA in the upper respiratory tract of asymptomatic horses from Southern Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:875-878. [PMID: 31187445 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Equid gammaherpesvirus 2 (EHV-2) and 5 (EHV-5) are members of the Herpesviridae family and have been reported in horse populations worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the presence of herpesvirus DNA in the upper respiratory tract of horses. Twenty-six nasal swabs were collected from asymptomatic adult horses of two different horse farms (A, n = 18; B, n = 8), both located in Southern Brazil. The EHV-1, EHV-2, EHV-4, and EHV-5 DNA analyses were performed using nested PCR assays targeting the glycoprotein B gene. Four (15.3%) and 12 (46.1%) of the 26 nasal swab samples were positive for the EHV-2 and EHV-5, respectively. Four (15.3%) horses were detected with both viruses simultaneously. DNA of EHV-2 and EHV-5 in both single and mixed infections was identified in horses from both herds. All swab samples were negative for EHV-1 and EHV-4. This study reports the first detection of EHV-2 and EHV-5 in the upper respiratory tracts of horses in Brazil. The high detection rate of EHV-2 and EHV-5 in asymptomatic adult horses demonstrates that these gammaherpesviruses are circulating in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alais Maria Dall Agnol
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil.,Center for Agroveterinary Sciences, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Edsel Alves Beuttemmuller
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Daniela Pilz
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Raquel Arruda Leme
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Viviane Saporiti
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Tissue Processing Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
| | - Alice Fernandes Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil. .,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid - Campus Universitário, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PO Box 10011, Londrina, PR, CEP 86057-970, Brazil.
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Headley SA, Pimentel LA, de Amorim IFG, Amude AM, Viana NE, Muraro LS, Tafuri WL, Dos Santos MD. Immunohistochemical characterization of cutaneous leishmaniasis in cats from Central-west Brazil. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2019; 17:100290. [PMID: 31303238 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2019.100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Feline leishmaniasis (FeL) is an emerging infectious disease of cats caused by Leishmania infantum with global distribution. This study investigated the cause of chronic progressive cutaneous lesions in two cats from Central-west Brazil by using cytological, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses. Clinically, both cats had ulcerative cutaneous lesions at the nasal planum and ear resulting in a tentative diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Moreover, both cats had varying degrees of onychogryphosis. However, cytology revealed chronic inflammatory reactions associated with intralesional amastigotes; histopathology confirmed chronic ulcerative dermatitis associated with intralesional and intracytoplasmic parasitic organisms consistent with amastigotes of Leishmania spp. within histiocytes. The IHC assay demonstrated that the intralesional parasitic structures identified by cytology and histopathology were immunoreactive to antigens of Leishmania spp., confirming the participation of this infectious disease agent in the development of the cutaneous lesions of these cats. The observation of onychogryphosis must be highlighted, since this lesion is frequently observed in dogs with visceral leishmaniasis but is underreported in FeL. Collectively, the pathologic and IHC findings of the chronic cutaneous disease confirmed active infections due to Leishmania spp. in these cats. Additionally, FeL with associated lesions to the ear and nasal planum must be considered as differential diagnosis for SCC in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
| | - Luciano Anunciação Pimentel
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Izabela Ferreira Gontijo de Amorim
- Laboratorio de Patologia das Leishmanioses, Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Mendes Amude
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Nayara Emily Viana
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lívia Saab Muraro
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Wagner Luiz Tafuri
- Laboratorio de Patologia das Leishmanioses, Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Diniz Dos Santos
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociência Animal, Universidade de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Abstract
Background: The adrenal glands development important endocrine functions and can be affected by primary or secondary diseases. These adrenal gland pathologies may induce clinical syndromes resulting from abnormalities in the production and secretion of hormones. Data about pathological changes in dogs are scarce. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to identify and evaluate the histopathological and epidemiological features of adrenal changes in dogs submitted to necropsy examination from 2005 to 2016 in a Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.Material, Methods & Results: During this period, 80 animals presented alterations of adrenal gland, representing 5.5% of all necropsied dogs. The pure breed dogs representing 58.6% and mixed breed 41.4%; 53.4% were female and 46.6% were male. The non-neoplastic adrenal lesions were more frequently (57.5%) compared to the neoplastic changes (42.5%). Most of the adrenal glands lesions occurred in older dogs (60%), following by the middle aged (31.25%) and young dogs (8.75%). The main non-neoplastic lesions observed in the adrenal glands were of hyperplastic (69.5%) and circulatory (26%) origin, among the earlier, 68.8% were diffuse hyperplasia and 31.2% nodular hyperplasia. The nodular hyperplasia was classified as micronodular multifocal in 40% of the glands with nodular hyperplasia, macronodular multifocal in 30%, micronodular diffuse in 20%, and micronodular focal in 10%. The neoplasms observed were adrenocortical adenoma (ACA) in 44.1%, pheochromocytomas in 23.5% and adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) in 11.7% of the dogs with adrenal tumors. Metastasis from other primary tumors were observed in 20.6%.Discussion: The data in veterinary literature about the frequency of changes in adrenal gland of dogs are scarce and focus features of diagnosis by ultrasound examination. Most of the adrenal changes observed in the present study were incidental findings observed during the necropsy examination and no specific clinical signs were observed. Non-neoplastic adrenal lesions, mainly of hyperplastic origin, were more frequently observed compared to the neoplastic changes. Differing from previous studies, the diffuse hyperplasia was the most common non neoplastic finding in the adrenal glands. Considering the subclassification of nodular hyperplasia, the multifocal micronodular and macronodular multifocal pattern were the most frequent. In veterinary literature, there are no data about frequency of nodular hyperplastic subtypes. However, in humans the subclassification of nodular hyperplasia is associated to development of endocrine disorders. Previous studies reported lower incidence of neoplastic changes in adrenal gland of dogs compared to the present results. The adrenocortical adenoma was the most common primary tumor, followed by the adrenocortical carcinoma, pheochromocytoma and adrenocortical carcinoma. Congestion and hemorrhage were common findings observed in the adrenal gland primary tumors. On the other hand, necrosis and inflammatory infiltrate were observed only in the adrenocortical carcinomas. These histopathological features may be used as tool in the differential diagnosis between well differentiated adrenocortical carcinoma and adenoma. The histopathological examination was fundamental to differential and definitive diagnosis of all canine adrenal gland disorders observed.
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Nasciutti NR, Oliveira PMD, Barbosa VDM, Headley SA, Garcia FG, Silva MVD, Ferreira FB, Mineo TWP, Saut JPE. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Neospora caninum in crossbred dairy cows in Uberlândia. SCA 2018; 39:1585. [DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n4p1585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Neospora caninum causes reproductive disorders in dairy cattle such as repeat breeding, abortion, and anestrus, which are risk factors associated with the seroprevalence of N. caninum in Brazil and worldwide. This study aimed to verify the risk factors related to the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in crossbred dairy cows in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. During, January to July 2013, 740 blood samples were collected from 57 herds with a history of reproductive disorders and determinations of antibody titers against N. caninum were obtained by ELISA assay. The seroprevalence of N. caninum was 18.4% (136/740). Risk factors for N. caninum were cows greater than 2 years of age (P = 0.034), mechanical milking (P = 0.012), and frequent purchase of animals (P = 0.004), in addition to individual history of abortion (P = 0.007) and repeat breeding (P = 0.030). The highest probability of occurrence of associated risk factors was associated with individual history of abortion and repeated breeding and the frequent purchase of animals, with odds of 12.8, 5.9, and 3.8 times, respectively. In conclusion, the risk factors associated with N. caninum: members of the female sex and cows with more than 2 years-of-age, mechanical milking, and the frequent purchase of animals, in addition to individual history of abortion and repeated breeding.
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Lunardi M, Darold GM, Amude AM, Headley SA, Sonne L, Yamauchi KCI, Boabaid FM, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Canine distemper virus active infection in order Pilosa, family Myrmecophagidae, species Tamandua tetradactyla. Vet Microbiol 2018; 220:7-11. [PMID: 29885804 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious disease pathogen which causes disease in the domestic dog and species classified in the Canidae, Procyonidae, Mustelidae, Hyaenidae, Ursidae, Viveridae, Felidae, Tayassuidae, and Cercopithecidae families. A combined strategy that involved the direct sequencing of amplicons from genes coding for nucleocapsid, large polymerase, and hemagglutinin proteins of CDV, as well as the pathological findings and the immunohistochemical detection of viral nucleocapsid protein in diverse tissues, confirmed the participation of CDV in the development of a neurological disease in a southern tamandua (Tamandua tetradactyla) from Midwestern Brazil. Phylogenetic analysis based on the hemagglutinin gene sequences revealed that the strain from this study grouped with isolates from the Europe 1/South America 1 lineage. The specific polymorphisms at the SLAM receptor-binding site of the hemagglutinin gene, previously linked to disease emergence in novel hosts, were not detected in this genome. These findings represent the first description of CDV-induced infection in the Tamandua tetradactyla and extend the distribution of this infection to include members of the family Myrmecophagidae, order Pilosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Lunardi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Universidade de Cuiabá, 3100 Ave Beira Rio, 78065-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Molinari Darold
- Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Universidade de Cuiabá, 3100 Ave Beira Rio, 78065-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Mendes Amude
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidade de Cuiabá, 3100 Ave Beira Rio, 78065-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR 445 Km 380, 86051-990, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciana Sonne
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 9090 Ave Bento Gonçalves, 90650-001, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristiane Ito Yamauchi
- Department of Small Animal Medicine, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Universidade de Cuiabá, 3100 Ave Beira Rio, 78065-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Marques Boabaid
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Universidade de Cuiabá, 3100 Ave Beira Rio, 78065-900, Cuiaba, MT, Brazil
| | - Alice Fernandes Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR 445 Km 380, 86051-990, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Celso Garcia Cid Road, PR 445 Km 380, 86051-990, Londrina, PR, Brazil
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Michelazzo MDMZ, Sasse JP, de Souza M, Marutani VHB, Sampaio Baptista AA, Garcia JL, Alfieri AA, Headley SA. Systemic Histomoniasis in a Leucistic Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) from Southern Brazil. Avian Dis 2018; 61:325-329. [PMID: 28957005 DOI: 10.1637/11583-010617-regr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The pathological and molecular findings associated with Histomonas meleagridis are described in a leucistic Indian peafowl (Pavo cristatus) from Southern Brazil. The most significant gross findings were multifocal necrotizing hepatitis and diphtheric typhlitis. Histopathologic evaluation of the liver, ceca, kidney, spleen, and small intestine revealed systemic histomoniasis (SH) associated with intralesional and intravascular accumulations of histomonad organisms consistent with H. meleagridis. PCR was used to amplify the DNA of H. meleagridis from the liver, ceca, small intestine, spleen, lungs, and kidneys. Direct sequencing and phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the isolate of the flagellated trichomonad identified from this investigation is more phylogenetically related to H. meleagridis than Tetratrichomonas gallinarum, Tritrichomonas foetus, and Dientamoeba fragilis. These results confirmed the occurrence of SH in this peafowl and add to the diagnosis of this disease in birds from Brazil. This report might represent the first complete identification of spontaneous histomoniasis in a peafowl due to pathological and molecular characteristics and one of the few documented cases of SH in non-commercial birds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - João Pedro Sasse
- B Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marielen de Souza
- A Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Brunaldi Marutani
- A Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Angelita Sampaio Baptista
- C Laboratory of Avian Medicine, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - João Luis Garcia
- B Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Amauri Alcindo Alfieri
- D Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- A Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Possatti F, Headley SA, Leme RA, Dall Agnol AM, Zotti E, de Oliveira TES, Alfieri AF, Alfieri AA. Viruses associated with congenital tremor and high lethality in piglets. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:331-337. [PMID: 29322653 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The recently described atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) has been associated with congenital tremor (CT) type A-II in piglets in different countries. Another important neurological pathogen of pigs is porcine teschovirus (PTV), which has been associated with non-suppurative encephalomyelitis in pigs with severe or mild neurological disorders. There have been no reports of APPV and/or PTV coinfection associated with CT or encephalomyelitis in Brazilian pig herds. The aim of this study was to describe the pathological and molecular findings associated with simultaneous infection of APPV and PTV in piglets with clinical manifestations of CT that were derived from a herd with high rates of CT-associated lethality. In 2017, three piglets from the same litter with CT died spontaneously. The principal pathological alterations in all piglets were secondary demyelination and hypomyelination at the cerebellum, brainstem and spinal cord confirmed by histopathology and luxol fast blue-cresyl violet stain. Additional significant pathological findings included multifocal neuronal necrosis, neuronophagia and gliosis found in the cerebral cortex and spinal cord of all piglets, while atrophic enteritis and mesocolonic oedema were observed in some of them. APPV and PTV RNA were detected in the central nervous system of affected piglets, and PTV was also detected in the intestine and faeces. The pathological alterations and molecular findings together suggest a dual infection due to APPV and PTV at this farm. Moreover, the combined effects of these pathogens can be attributed to the elevated piglet mortality, as coinfections involving PTV have a synergistic effect on the affected animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Possatti
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - S A Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Tissue Processing Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - R A Leme
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A M Dall Agnol
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - E Zotti
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica, Toledo, Paraná, Brazil
| | - T E S de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A F Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A A Alfieri
- Laboratory of Animal Virology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.,Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Alvarenga PBD, Oliveira D, Santos TR, Rezende SR, Ramos OP, Troncha PMR, Medeiros AA, Noleto PG, Headley SA, Santos RMD, Saut JPE. Prevalence of inflamatory processes in the reproductive tracts of crossbred dairy cows. Biosci J 2018:703-708. [DOI: 10.14393/bj-v34n3a2018-37263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
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Moreira JR, Oliveira TESD, Tongu EADO, Leite RO, Nogueira GM, Michelazzo MDMZ, Delfiol DJZ, Saut JPE, Headley SA. Bartholin’s gland adenoma in a Saanen goat. Cienc Rural 2017; 48. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20170214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Tumors affecting Bartholin’s gland are considered rare in human medicine; there are few reports in the veterinary literature, with descriptions occurring only in cows. This article described the clinical and pathological findings associated with Bartholin’s gland adenoma in a goat. Clinically, a 7-year-old pregnant Saanen goat presented bilateral enlargement of the vulva that did not regress spontaneously after parturition. Grossly, these vulvar masses were multilobulated, contained cystic areas from which oozed a whitish fluid. Histopathology revealed an adenoma characterized by the proliferation of irregularly shaped neoplastic epithelial cells that formed tubular to glandular-like structures. These neoplastic cells demonstrated moderate anisokaryosis and evident nucleoli. The intratumoral proliferation index (PI) was estimated by immunoreactivity with the protein ki-67. Further, the glandular-like structures produced a Periodic Acid-Schiff positive secretion. A diagnosis of Bartholin’s gland adenoma was established due to the anatomic location of the neoplastic growths, the histopathological features, and the PI of the tumor.
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Baptista AL, Rezende AL, Fonseca PDA, Massi RP, Nogueira GM, Magalhães LQ, Headley SA, Menezes GL, Alfieri AA, Saut JPE. Bovine respiratory disease complex associated mortality and morbidity rates in feedlot cattle from southeastern Brazil. J Infect Dev Ctries 2017; 11:791-799. [PMID: 31600152 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.9296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A feedlot is an intensive farming system for finishing livestock. Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a cause of morbidity and mortality in beef cattle, especially in feedlots. METHODOLOGY This study investigated the morbidity and mortality of BRD in a beef cattle feedlot in southeastern Brazil using: clinical diagnoses, therapy, morbidity, and mortality. Pulmonary fragments were collected from five steers, on feed from 3-32 days, with lesions of pneumonia for identification of BRD infectious agents PCR. RESULTS 188,862 steers were on feed and morbidity was 7.05% (13,315/188,862), mortality 0.64% (1,214/188,862). The causes of morbidity were: BRD (6.13%), lameness (0.29%), trauma (0.21%), clostridiosis (0.13%) and polioencephalomalacia, PEM (0.12%). The causes of mortality were: BRD (0.21%), trauma (0.17%), and clostridiosis (0.13%). When all sick cattle were considered (n=13,315), BRD (86.9%) was the principal cause of morbidity, followed by lameness (4.13%), trauma (3.05%), and clostridiosis (1.82%). The cost of BRD-associated cattle mortality and morbidity was estimated at $14,334.00/10,000 and $16,315.40/10,000 respectively. It was projected that the economic effects due to BRD-associated morbidity in Brazil were $6.31 million/annum, while losses due to mortality were $5.54 million, resulting in an annual loss of $11.85 million. Coinfections in cattle with pneumonia due to Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida were identified in 4/5 steers tested. CONCLUSIONS This is the first longitudinal study that investigated the incidence of BRD in feedlot cattle from Brazil, and the results herein described indicate that BRD contributed significantly to the development of mortality and morbidity of cattle on feed.
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Fortes MS, Lopes-Mori FMR, Caldart ET, Constantino C, Evers F, Pagliari S, de Almeida JC, Barros LD, Freire RL, Garcia JL, Headley SA, Navarro IT. Caprine toxoplasmosis in Southern Brazil: a comparative seroepidemiological study between the indirect immunofluorescence assay, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the modified agglutination test. Trop Anim Health Prod 2017; 50:413-419. [PMID: 29079943 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-017-1450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Macedo CABD, Macedo MFSBD, Miura AC, Taroda A, Cardim ST, Innes EA, Katzer F, Cantón GJ, Chianini F, Headley SA, Garcia JL. Occurrence of abortions induced by Neospora caninum in dairy cattle from Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Rev Bras Parasitol Vet 2017; 26:292-298. [PMID: 28977243 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612017051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of N. caninum associated with abortions of dairy cattle from Santa Catarina state, southern Brazil by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Blood from dairy cows that aborted along with intrathoracic fluid and tissue samples (brain, heart, liver, and lung) from their fetuses were collected and used for serology; PCR, histopathological, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) evaluations were also conducted. Twenty-one cows (51.2%) out of 41, and eight fetuses (26.7%) out of 30 were ELISA (HerdCheck, IDEXX) positive for N. caninum. Dams > 36 months of age had a higher risk of being serum positive than younger animals. PCR and IHC revealed that 38.8% (14/36) and 25.0% (9/36) of the fetuses were positive for N. caninum, respectively for each of the tests. Seropositive cows had a higher frequency of fetuses that were also positive by either intrathoracic fluid, PCR, or IHC. In summary, the present study observed a high frequency of N. caninum in abortions from dairy cows from southern Brazil, with a higher N. caninum prevalence found in cows that were older than 36 months. In addition, serology, PCR, and IHC should be used all together for better diagnosis of neosporosis in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - German Jose Cantón
- Moredun Research Institute, United Kingdom; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Argentina
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Madureira R, Reis Filho NDP, Santos ARD, Dias AL, Headley SA, Mascarenhas NMF, Brum JS. Seminoma and sertolioma in a male pseudohermaphrodite dog with unilateral cryptorchidism: short communication. SCA 2017; 38:2831. [DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4supl1p2831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
A male miniature Schnauzer with cryptorchidism and a mass growth in the right inguinal canal was admitted to the clinical center of a veterinary hospital. During surgical resection of the mass, tubular formations were found, connecting the mass to the left testicle. Histopathology revealed that the tubular formations were uterine tubes and the mass was a seminoma associated with a sertolioma of the right testicle. Further analysis also showed atrophy of the left testicle. Cytogenetic evaluation revealed normal chromosomes of male gender, 78, XY, which led to the conclusion that this was a male pseudohermaphrodite.
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Headley SA, Pretto-Giordano LG, Lima SC, Suhett WG, Pereira AHT, Freitas LA, Suphoronski SA, Oliveira TES, Alfieri AF, Pereira EC, Vilas-Boas LA, Alfieri AA. Pneumonia due to Talaromyces marneffei in a Dog from Southern Brazil with Concomitant Canine Distemper Virus Infection. J Comp Pathol 2017; 157:61-66. [PMID: 28735673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathological and molecular findings associated with Talaromyces marneffei-induced pneumonia with concomitant infection by canine distemper virus (CDV) are described in a dog. The principal pathological alteration occurred in the lungs. Histopathology confirmed multifocal granulomatous pneumonia associated with numerous intralesional and intracellular septate fission cells consistent with T. marneffei. A molecular assay designed to amplify a partial fragment of the 18S rRNA gene of T. marneffei provided positive results from two fungal cultures derived from the lung. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Furthermore, antigens of the CDV N protein were identified within the bronchial epithelium by immunohistochemistry and a PCR assay amplified the CDV N gene from hepatic and pulmonary fragments. Collectively, the pathological and molecular techniques confirmed a diagnosis of T. marneffei-induced pneumonia with concomitant infection by CDV. These findings represent the first description of pulmonary penicilliosis in the dog and extend the geographical niche of this emerging infectious pathogen. In this case, infection by CDV may have induced immunosuppression, which facilitated the development of pulmonary penicilliosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | - S C Lima
- Laboratory of Genetics and Bacterial Taxonomy, Department of General Biology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - W G Suhett
- Small Animal Internal Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinics, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A H T Pereira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - L A Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - S A Suphoronski
- Laboratory of Mycology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - T E S Oliveira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A F Alfieri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - E C Pereira
- Laboratory of Mycology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - L A Vilas-Boas
- Laboratory of Genetics and Bacterial Taxonomy, Department of General Biology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A A Alfieri
- Multi-User Animal Health Laboratory, Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Silva EO, Goiozo PFI, Pereira LG, Headley SA, Bracarense AFRL. Concomitant Malignant Pulmonary Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour and Benign Cutaneous Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumour in a Dog. J Comp Pathol 2017; 157:46-50. [PMID: 28735670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve sheath tumours (PNSTs) are neoplastic growths derived from Schwann cells, perineural cells or both. Malignant PNSTs (MPNSTs) are uncommon in domestic animals. This report describes the concomitant occurrence of PNSTs in a 10-year-old female cocker spaniel with a clinical history of respiratory impairment. Grossly, there was a large infiltrative mass in the caudal lobe of the right lung; smaller nodules were observed in the other lobes of the right lung. Furthermore, a small encapsulated cutaneous nodule was observed on the left hindlimb. Histopathology of the pulmonary tumours revealed the proliferation of pleomorphic spindle-shaped cells with moderate mitotic index arranged in interwoven bundles and concentric Antoni A and Antoni B patterns; invasion of the adjacent pulmonary tissue was observed. The cutaneous nodule consisted of neoplastic mesenchymal cells in interwoven bundles with concentric whorls, but without the marked anisokaryosis, binucleation and infiltrative growth seen in the pulmonary tumour. Immunohistochemistry revealed that both tumours were immunoreactive for vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein and S100 protein, but were negative for factor VIII. These findings are indicative of a MPNST in the lung with a concomitant benign PNST in the limb. This case represents the first report of a primary MPNST in the lung of a dog. This neoplastic growth should be included in the differential diagnosis of primary malignant pulmonary tumours of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Silva
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Rodovia Raposo Tavares KM 572, Presidente Prudente-São Paulo, Brazil; Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid PR 445, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - P F I Goiozo
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Rodovia Raposo Tavares KM 572, Presidente Prudente-São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L G Pereira
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Rodovia Raposo Tavares KM 572, Presidente Prudente-São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S A Headley
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid PR 445, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A F R L Bracarense
- Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid PR 445, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Beuttemmuller EA, Alfieri AF, Headley SA, Alfieri AA. Brazilian strain of bovine respiratory coronavirus is derived from dual enteric and respiratory tropism. Genet Mol Res 2017; 16:gmr-16-02-gmr.16029580. [PMID: 28387879 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16029580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a pathogen related to enteric and respiratory diseases in cattle worldwide. Enteric (BECoV) strains of BCoV are predominant in South America, and genetic investigations have been conducted to identify its relationship with isolates of respiratory origin (BRCoV). In this study, we used a BRCoV strain (BR-UEL11) derived from an outbreak of respiratory disease in feedlot cattle in southern Brazil, and compared the partial sequence of the polymorphic region of Spike (which was detected and sequenced by two distinct reverse transcription-polymerase chain reactions) with those of other BCoV strains. The phylogenetic relationship of BR-UEL11 with Brazilian BCoV, which is associated with calf diarrhea and winter dysentery (enteric, BECoV; respiratory, BRCoV), and classical reference prototypes was analyzed. The analysis showed that the BRCoV strains from Brazil clustered with a clade that was distinct from most isolates associated with calf diarrhea (BECoV) and ancestral prototype strains such as Mebus, Nebraska, and LYVB. Furthermore, the BRCoV strains from Brazil clustered with a clade that contained recent strains associated with winter dysentery, showing 98-99% nucleotide identity with those strains. These results suggested that the Brazilian BCoV evolved from being solely enteric to a dual enteric and respiratory tropic virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Beuttemmuller
- Laboratório Multiusuário em Saúde Animal, Unidade de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - A F Alfieri
- Laboratório Multiusuário em Saúde Animal, Unidade de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - S A Headley
- Laboratório de Patologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - A A Alfieri
- Laboratório de Virologia Animal, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Campus Universitário, Londrina, PR, Brasil
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Lima ECS, Povh JA, Otonel RAA, Leonhardt JH, Alfieri AA, Headley SA, Souza FP, Poveda-Parra AR, Furlan-Murari PJ, Lopera-Barrero NM. Morphology and muscle gene expression in GIFT and Supreme Nile tilapia varieties reared in two cultivation systems. Genet Mol Res 2017; 16:gmr-16-01-gmr.16019407. [PMID: 28362982 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16019407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Tissue growth in most fishes occurs by muscular hyperplasia and hypertrophy, which are influenced by different regulatory factors, such as myostatin. The current study evaluated the influence of cultivation in hapas and earthen ponds on the diameter of white muscle fibers and on the myostatin (MSTN-1) gene in GIFT and Supreme varieties of tilapia. Fish of both varieties were reared for 204 days and then divided into four developmental stages. White muscle samples, corresponding to 100 fibers per slide, were collected from the middle region of fish of each variety and cultivation system, and were measured and divided into two classes representing hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Samples were subjected to real-time PCR to analyze gene expression. Hyperplasia decreased during the developing stages, coupled with increased hypertrophy. There was a higher rate of hypertrophy in fish raised in earthen ponds when compared to those raised in hapas, during juvenile and developing phases, and greater hypertrophic growth was observed in GIFT specimens when compared to Supreme specimens in earthen ponds. Since increased MSTN-1 gene expression was observed in GIFT specimens during the developing phase in pond cultivations, and in Supreme tilapia in hapas, MSTN-1 expression is related to greater hypertrophy. These results demonstrate the capacity for increased muscle growth in earthen pond cultivation in which the GIFT variety developed best. How the environment affects the growth of different tilapia varieties may be employed to optimize culture management and genetic improvement programs. Further investigations should aim to describe mechanisms affecting muscle growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C S Lima
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - J A Povh
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brasil
| | - R A A Otonel
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - J H Leonhardt
- Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - A A Alfieri
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - S A Headley
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - F P Souza
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - A R Poveda-Parra
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - P J Furlan-Murari
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - N M Lopera-Barrero
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brasil
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Oliveira PMD, Garcia F, Evers F, Barbosa VDM, Obando DCM, Nasciutti NR, Garcia JL, Nogueira GM, Headley SA, Saut JPE. Seroepidemiology ofLeishmaniaspp. in equids from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Cienc Rural 2017; 47. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20160697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: This study evaluated the occurrence of Leishmania spp. in equids from Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil. Serum samples from 257 healthy equids of Uberlândia were assessed for the presence of antibodies against Leishmania spp. by using the indirect fluorescent-antibody test. Additionally, an epidemiological survey was done to evaluate the possible risk factors (species of equids, age, gender, economic activity, and contact with domestic and wild animals) associated with the presence of antibodies against Leishmania spp. The total seroprevalence against Leishmania spp. was 24.1% (62/257); representing seroprevalence levels of 22.7% (55/242) in horses, 50% (4/8) in mules, and 42.9% (3/7) in ponies from all regions evaluated. The species of equid was the only factor that contributed to an elevated seroprevalence of Leishmania spp.
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50
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Magalhães LQ, Baptista AL, Fonseca PDA, Menezes GL, Nogueira GM, Headley SA, Fritzen JTT, Alfieri AA, Saut JPE. Use of metaphylactic protocols based on the risk to develop bovine respiratory diseases in feedlot cattle. Cienc Rural 2017; 47. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-8478cr20161110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Bovine respiratory diseases (BRD) affect production rates negatively because it compromise health and well-being of the affected animal. The hypothesis of this study was that the use of metaphylactic protocols based on the risk to develop BRD would reduce morbidity and pulmonary lesions. For this purpose, the aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of two metaphylactic protocols on the morbidity of feedlot cattle with a known sanitary history, occurrence of pulmonary lesions at slaughter, and the possible participation of Mannheimia haemolytica, Histophilus somni, Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) in the development of BRD. An experimental study was designed in which 3,094 adult, male, cattle, were grouped according to the risk to develop BRD: a) group without metaphylaxis (n=2,104), low-risk animals; b) metaphylaxis group with oxytetracycline (n=789), moderate-risk animals; c) metaphylaxis group with tildipirosin (n=201), high-risk animals. All cattle were immunized against pathogens associated with BRD (BoHV-1, BVDV, BRSV, PI3). The morbidity for BRD was 8.2% (253/3,094); cattle within the moderate-risk group for BRD had the lowest frequency (6.1%), followed by high-risk animals with tildipirosin metaphylaxis (6.5%) and low-risk without metaphylaxis (9.1%) (P=0.019). At the abattoir, 1.2% of lungs with lesions were found. There was a difference (P=0.036) in the frequency of pulmonary lesions between healthy animals (1.1%) and those diagnosed with BRD (2.8%). Two agents associated with BRD were identified by PCR assays in the lungs (n=37) of cattle: M. haemolytica (16.2%) and H. somni (5.4%). In addition, concomitant infections involving these pathogens were identified in the lungs of two steers. These results demonstrate that the use of metaphylactic protocols, based on the risk to develop BRD, reduces morbidity and pulmonary lesions in affected cattle. Furthermore, pulmonary lesions were more frequent in animals with a history of BRD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Selwyn Arlington Headley
- Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), Brazil
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