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Kumarasamy G, Mohd Salim NH, Mohd Afandi NS, Hazlami Habib MA, Mat Amin ND, Ismail MN, Musa M. Glycoproteomics-based liquid biopsy: translational outlook for colorectal cancer clinical management in Southeast Asia. Future Oncol 2023; 19:2313-2332. [PMID: 37937446 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2023-0704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) signifies a significant healthcare challenge in Southeast Asia. Despite advancements in screening approaches and treatment modalities, significant medical gaps remain, ranging from prevention and early diagnosis to determining targeted therapy and establishing personalized approaches to managing CRC. There is a need to expand more validated biomarkers in clinical practice. An advanced technique incorporating high-throughput mass spectrometry as a liquid biopsy to unravel a repertoire of glycoproteins and glycans would potentially drive the development of clinical tools for CRC screening, diagnosis and monitoring, and it can be further adapted to the existing standard-of-care procedure. Therefore this review offers a perspective on glycoproteomics-driven liquid biopsy and its potential integration into the clinical care of CRC in the southeast Asia region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaayathri Kumarasamy
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, 11800, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Hakimah Mohd Salim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia
| | - Nur Syafiqah Mohd Afandi
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang, 11900, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Afiq Hazlami Habib
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang, 11900, Malaysia
| | - Nor Datiakma Mat Amin
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang, 11900, Malaysia
- Nature Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, Selangor, 52109, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nazri Ismail
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, 11800, Malaysia
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bayan Lepas, Pulau Pinang, 11900, Malaysia
| | - Marahaini Musa
- Human Genome Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, 16150, Malaysia
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Su P, Li M, Li X, Yuan X, Gong Z, Wu L, Song J, Yang Y. Glutathione functionalized magnetic covalent organic frameworks with dual-hydrophilicity for highly efficient and selective enrichment of glycopeptides. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1667:462869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.462869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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3
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Abyadeh M, Meyfour A, Gupta V, Zabet Moghaddam M, Fitzhenry MJ, Shahbazian S, Hosseini Salekdeh G, Mirzaei M. Recent Advances of Functional Proteomics in Gastrointestinal Cancers- a Path towards the Identification of Candidate Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Molecular Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228532. [PMID: 33198323 PMCID: PMC7697099 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer remains one of the common causes of morbidity and mortality. A high number of cases are diagnosed at an advanced stage, leading to a poor survival rate. This is primarily attributed to the lack of reliable diagnostic biomarkers and limited treatment options. Therefore, more sensitive, specific biomarkers and curative treatments are desirable. Functional proteomics as a research area in the proteomic field aims to elucidate the biological function of unknown proteins and unravel the cellular mechanisms at the molecular level. Phosphoproteomic and glycoproteomic studies have emerged as two efficient functional proteomics approaches used to identify diagnostic biomarkers, therapeutic targets, the molecular basis of disease and mechanisms underlying drug resistance in GI cancers. In this review, we present an overview on how functional proteomics may contribute to the understanding of GI cancers, namely colorectal, gastric, hepatocellular carcinoma and pancreatic cancers. Moreover, we have summarized recent methodological developments in phosphoproteomics and glycoproteomics for GI cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Abyadeh
- Cell Science Research Center, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (M.A.); (G.H.S.)
| | - Anna Meyfour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717413, Iran
- Cell Science Research Center, Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.M.)
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2113, Australia;
| | | | - Matthew J. Fitzhenry
- Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2113, Australia;
| | - Shila Shahbazian
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2113, Australia;
| | - Ghasem Hosseini Salekdeh
- Cell Science Research Center, Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 1665659911, Iran; (M.A.); (G.H.S.)
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2113, Australia;
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW 2113, Australia;
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (M.M.)
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Matthiesen R. MS-Based Biomarker Discovery in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid for Lung Cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2019; 14:e1900077. [PMID: 31631581 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201900077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) is a lung fluid. BALF is extracted from the lungs by a bronchoscope. The first step is to instill saline liquid into the lungs followed by extraction. The extracted liquid is depleted from cells by low spin centrifugation. The biochemical content of BALF is mainly composed of phospholipids and proteins and to less extent nucleic acids (DNA, miRNA, mRNA). The proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and lipids mirror the pathophysiological state of the patient and are consequently regarded as a rich source of biomarkers with already some examples of established clinical applications. Recently, in Proteomics Clin. Appl. 2019, 13, 1900028, Sim et al. established a novel MS-based proteomics protocol for BALF lung cancer sample analysis by combining antibody-based depletion of high abundant BALF proteins, high pH peptide fractionation, and label free quantitation on a high resolution Orbitrap Fusion instrument. They demonstrate an improvement in BALF sample coverage compared with some previous published methodologies. Notably, the result from the study supports the hypothesis that BALF more than serum reflects the lung cancer proteome and for this reason is a promising source for lung cancer biomarkers.
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Correlations between the metabolic profile and 18F-FDG-Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography parameters reveal the complexity of the metabolic reprogramming within lung cancer patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16212. [PMID: 31700108 PMCID: PMC6838313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that the metabolite composition of plasma may indicate the presence of lung cancer. The metabolism of cancer is characterized by an enhanced glucose uptake and glycolysis which is exploited by 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) in the work-up and management of cancer. This study aims to explore relationships between 1H-NMR spectroscopy derived plasma metabolite concentrations and the uptake of labeled glucose (18F-FDG) in lung cancer tissue. PET parameters of interest are standard maximal uptake values (SUVmax), total body metabolic active tumor volumes (MATVWTB) and total body total lesion glycolysis (TLGWTB) values. Patients with high values of these parameters have higher plasma concentrations of N-acetylated glycoproteins which suggest an upregulation of the hexosamines biosynthesis. High MATVWTB and TLGWTB values are associated with higher concentrations of glucose, glycerol, N-acetylated glycoproteins, threonine, aspartate and valine and lower levels of sphingomyelins and phosphatidylcholines appearing at the surface of lipoproteins. These higher concentrations of glucose and non-carbohydrate glucose precursors such as amino acids and glycerol suggests involvement of the gluconeogenesis pathway. The lower plasma concentration of those phospholipids points to a higher need for membrane synthesis. Our results indicate that the metabolic reprogramming in cancer is more complex than the initially described Warburg effect.
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Li QK, Pavlovich CP, Zhang H, Kinsinger CR, Chan DW. Challenges and opportunities in the proteomic characterization of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC): A critical step towards the personalized care of renal cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 55:8-15. [PMID: 30055950 PMCID: PMC6624650 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of kidney cancer, comprising approximately 75% of all kidney tumors. Recent the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) studies have significantly advanced the molecular characterization of RCC and facilitated the development of targeted therapies. Such advances have improved the median survival of patients with advanced disease from less than 10 months prior to 2004 to 30 months by 2011. However, approximately 30% of localized ccRCC patients will nevertheless develop recurrence or metastasis after surgical resection of their tumor. Therefore, it is critical to further analyze potential tumor-associated proteins and their profiles during disease progression. Over the past decade, tremendous effort has been focused on the study of molecular pathways, including genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics in order to identify potential molecular biomarkers, as well as to facilitate early detection, monitor tumor progression and uncover potentially therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the proteomic analysis of ccRCC, current strategies and challenges, and perspectives in the field. This insight will highlight the discovery of tumor-associated proteins, and their potential clinical impact on personalized precision-based care in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Kay Li
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States.
| | - Christian P Pavlovich
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
| | | | - Daniel W Chan
- Department of Pathology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
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Osmani L, Li QK. Biomarkers in the accurate subclassification of non-small-cell lung carcinoma for targeted therapy: issues and prospects. Biomark Med 2017. [PMID: 28621614 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lais Osmani
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Qing Kay Li
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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8
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2011-2012. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:255-422. [PMID: 26270629 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review is the seventh update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2012. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural types constitute the remainder. The main groups of compound are oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:255-422, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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Yin H, Tan Z, Wu J, Zhu J, Shedden KA, Marrero J, Lubman DM. Mass-Selected Site-Specific Core-Fucosylation of Serum Proteins in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:4876-84. [PMID: 26403951 PMCID: PMC4636958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A mass spectrometry-based methodology has been developed to screen for changes in site-specific core-fucosylation (CF) of serum proteins in early stage HCC with different etiologies. The methods involve depletion of high-abundance proteins, trypsin digestion of medium-to-low-abundance proteins into peptides, iTRAQ labeling, and Lens culinaris Agglutinin (LCA) enrichment of CF peptides, followed by endoglycosidase F3 digestion before mass spectrometry analysis. 1300 CF peptides from 613 CF proteins were identified from patients sera, where 20 CF peptides were differentially expressed in alcohol (ALC)-related HCC samples compared with ALC-related cirrhosis samples and 26 CF peptides changed in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC samples compared with HCV-related cirrhosis samples. Among these, we found three CF peptides from fibronectin upregulated in ALC-related HCC samples compared with ALC-related cirrhosis samples with an AUC (area under the curve) value of 0.89 at site 1007 with a specificity of 85.7% at a sensitivity of 92.9% (generated with 10-fold cross-validation). When combined with the AFP index, the AUC value reached to 0.92 with a specificity of 92.9% at a sensitivity of 100%, significantly improved compared to that with AFP alone (LR test p < 0.001). In HCV-related samples, the CF level of cadherin-5 at site 61 showed the best AUC value of 0.75 but was not as promising as that of fibronectin site 1007 for ALC-related samples. The CF peptides of fibronectin may serve as potential biomarkers for early stage HCC screening in ALC-related cirrhosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidi Yin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Zhijing Tan
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kerby A Shedden
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jorge Marrero
- Liver Transplantation Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Zhang Y, Zhu J, Yin H, Marrero J, Zhang XX, Lubman DM. ESI-LC-MS Method for Haptoglobin Fucosylation Analysis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Liver Cirrhosis. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:5388-95. [PMID: 26503433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A method for the detection of fucosylated glycans from haptoglobin in patient serum has been developed that provides enhanced sensitivity. The workflow involves isolation of the haptoglobin using an HPLC-based affinity column followed by glycan removal, extraction, and desialylation. The fucosylated glycans are then derivatized by Meladrazine, which significantly enhances the detection of the glycans in electrospray ionization. The separation of the derivatized glycans in a HILIC column shows that eight glycans from haptoglobin can be detected using less than 1 μL of a serum sample, with excellent reproducibility and quantitation, where without derivatization the glycans could not be detected. The ratio of the fucosylated peaks to their corresponding nonfucosylated forms shows that the fucosylated glycans are upregulated in the case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples versus cirrhosis samples, where the relatively low abundance bifucosylated tetra-antennary form can be detected and may be a particularly good marker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianhui Zhu
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Haidi Yin
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jorge Marrero
- Liver Transplantation Program, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center , Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - Xin-Xiang Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - David M Lubman
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Kumar A, Baycin-Hizal D, Shiloach J, Bowen MA, Betenbaugh MJ. Coupling enrichment methods with proteomics for understanding and treating disease. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:33-47. [PMID: 25523641 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Owing to recent advances in proteomics analytical methods and bioinformatics capabilities there is a growing trend toward using these capabilities for the development of drugs to treat human disease, including target and drug evaluation, understanding mechanisms of drug action, and biomarker discovery. Currently, the genetic sequences of many major organisms are available, which have helped greatly in characterizing proteomes in model animal systems and humans. Through proteomics, global profiles of different disease states can be characterized (e.g. changes in types and relative levels as well as changes in PTMs such as glycosylation or phosphorylation). Although intracellular proteomics can provide a broad overview of physiology of cells and tissues, it has been difficult to quantify the low abundance proteins which can be important for understanding the diseased states and treatment progression. For this reason, there is increasing interest in coupling comparative proteomics methods with subcellular fractionation and enrichment techniques for membranes, nucleus, phosphoproteome, glycoproteome as well as low abundance serum proteins. In this review, we will provide examples of where the utilization of different proteomics-coupled enrichment techniques has aided target and biomarker discovery, understanding the drug targeting mechanism, and mAb discovery. Taken together, these improvements will help to provide a better understanding of the pathophysiology of various diseases including cancer, autoimmunity, inflammation, cardiovascular disease, and neurological conditions, and in the design and development of better medicines for treating these afflictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, MedImmune LLC, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Biotechnology Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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12
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Cova M, Oliveira-Silva R, Ferreira JA, Ferreira R, Amado F, Daniel-da-Silva AL, Vitorino R. Glycoprotein enrichment method using a selective magnetic nano-probe platform (MNP) functionalized with lectins. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1243:83-100. [PMID: 25384741 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1872-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) have increasingly become a research field of incredible importance to fully understand the regulation of biological processes in health and disease. Among PTMs, glycosylation is one of the most studied for which contributed the development and improvement of enrichment techniques. Nowadays, glycoprotein enrichment methods are based on lectin affinity, covalent interactions, and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC). Nonetheless, the nanotechnology era has fetched new methods to enrich glycoproteins from complex samples as human biological fluids. For instance, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are being used as an interesting enrichment approach allowing a better characterization of glycoproteins and glycopeptides.In this chapter, we describe an enrichment method based on MNPs functionalized with lectins (Concavalin A, wheat germ agglutinin, and Maackia amurensis lectin) to enrich specific sets of glycoproteins from biological fluids. Moreover, it is proposed a bioinformatic strategy to deal with data retrieved from mass spectrometry analysis of enriched samples aiming the identification of relevant biological processes modulated by a given stimuli and, ultimately, of new biomarkers for disease screening/management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cova
- Department of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Centre, QOPNA, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
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13
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Rodriguez E, Chen L, Ao MH, Geddes S, Gabrielson E, Askin F, Zhang H, Li QK. Expression of transcript factors SALL4 and OCT4 in a subset of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). TRANSLATIONAL RESPIRATORY MEDICINE 2014; 2:10. [PMID: 25346886 PMCID: PMC4201749 DOI: 10.1186/s40247-014-0010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SALL4 and OCT4 are transcription factors and play essential roles in stem cell development and oncogenesis. However, the expression of these transcription factors has not been well studied in lung cancers. In this study, we evaluated the expression of SALL4 and OCT4 in non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) by immunochemistry. NSCLC tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed with a total of 77 primary lung adenocarcinomas (ADCs) and 90 primary lung squamous cell carcinomas (SqCCs). A mouse monoclonal anti-human SALL4 (1:400 dilution) and a polyclonal anti-human OCT4 (1:200 dilution) antibodies were used. Nuclear staining of SALL4 and OCT4 was scored semi-quantitatively using a three tiered scale. The expressions of SALL4 and OCT4 were correlated with the tumor differentiation, pathological stage, and patients' clinical information. RESULTS In primary ADCs, the stronger expression of SALL4 and OCT4 was 7.8% and 9.1%, respectively. The stronger expression of SALL4 was inversely correlated with tumor differentiations. In primary SqCCs, the stronger expressions of SALL4 and OCT4 were 16.7% and 0%, respectively. The expression of SALL4 is correlated with the expression of OCT4, but inversely correlated with the tumor stage in SqCCs. CONCLUSIONS We found that both SALL4 and OCT4 were differentially expressed in a subset of primary ADC and SqCC. Our finding suggest that different stem cell markers may be expressed and/or play differential role in different subtypes of NSCLC. The potential role of SALL4 and OCT4 needs to be further investigated in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Rodriguez
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, 4940 Eastern Ave., Baltimore, 21287 MD USA
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, 4940 Eastern Ave., Baltimore, 21287 MD USA
| | - Ming-Hui Ao
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, 4940 Eastern Ave., Baltimore, 21287 MD USA
| | - Susan Geddes
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, 4940 Eastern Ave., Baltimore, 21287 MD USA
| | - Ed Gabrielson
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, 4940 Eastern Ave., Baltimore, 21287 MD USA
| | - Frederic Askin
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, 4940 Eastern Ave., Baltimore, 21287 MD USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, 4940 Eastern Ave., Baltimore, 21287 MD USA
| | - Qing Kay Li
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, 4940 Eastern Ave., Baltimore, 21287 MD USA
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14
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Nicastri A, Gaspari M, Sacco R, Elia L, Gabriele C, Romano R, Rizzuto A, Cuda G. N-glycoprotein analysis discovers new up-regulated glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:4932-41. [PMID: 25247386 DOI: 10.1021/pr500647y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of death due to cancer worldwide. Therefore, the identification of high-specificity and -sensitivity biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal cancer is urgently needed. Post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, are known to play an important role in cancer progression. In the present work, we used a quantitative proteomic technique based on (18)O stable isotope labeling to identify differentially expressed N-linked glycoproteins in colorectal cancer tissue samples compared with healthy colorectal tissue from 19 patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. We identified 54 up-regulated glycoproteins in colorectal cancer samples, therefore potentially involved in the biological processes of tumorigenesis. In particular, nine of these (PLOD2, DPEP1, SE1L1, CD82, PAR1, PLOD3, S12A2, LAMP3, OLFM4) were found to be up-regulated in the great majority of the cohort, and, interestingly, the association with colorectal cancer of four (PLOD2, S12A2, PLOD3, CD82) has not been hitherto described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Nicastri
- Proteomics@UMG, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine and ‡Surgery Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro , viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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15
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Zhang Y, Jiao J, Yang P, Lu H. Mass spectrometry-based N-glycoproteomics for cancer biomarker discovery. Clin Proteomics 2014; 11:18. [PMID: 24872809 PMCID: PMC4017703 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-11-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is estimated to be found in over 50% of human proteins. Aberrant protein glycosylation and alteration of glycans are closely related to many diseases. More than half of the cancer biomarkers are glycosylated-proteins, and specific glycoforms of glycosylated-proteins may serve as biomarkers for either the early detection of disease or the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy for treatment of diseases. Glycoproteomics, therefore, becomes an emerging field that can make unique contributions to the discovery of biomarkers of cancers. The recent advances in mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycoproteomics, which can analyze thousands of glycosylated-proteins in a single experiment, have shown great promise for this purpose. Herein, we described the MS-based strategies that are available for glycoproteomics, and discussed the sensitivity and high throughput in both qualitative and quantitative manners. The discovery of glycosylated-proteins as biomarkers in some representative diseases by employing glycoproteomics was also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates Research Ministry of Public Health and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Jiao
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Pengyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates Research Ministry of Public Health and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Haojie Lu
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjuates Research Ministry of Public Health and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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16
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Zhao YP, Xu XY, Fang M, Wang H, You Q, Yi CH, Ji J, Gu X, Zhou PT, Cheng C, Gao CF. Decreased core-fucosylation contributes to malignancy in gastric cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94536. [PMID: 24732908 PMCID: PMC3986093 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The object of the study is to identify N-glycan profiling changes associated with gastric cancer and explore the impact of core-fucosylation on biological behaviors of human gastric cancer cells. A total of 244 subjects including gastric cancer, gastric ulcer and healthy control were recruited. N-glycan profiling from serum and total proteins in gastric tissues was analyzed by DNA sequencer-assisted fluorophore-assisted capillary electrophoresis. The abundance of total core-fucosylated residues and the expression of enzymes involved in core-fucosylation were analyzed with lectin blot, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blot, Immunohistochemical staining and lectin-histochemical staining. The recombinant plasmids of GDP-fucose transporter and α-1,6-fucosyltransferase (Fut8) were constructed and transfected into gastric cancer cell lines BGC-823 and SGC-7901. CCK-8 and wound healing assay were used to assess the functional impact of core-fucosylation modulation on cell proliferation and migration. Characteristic serum N-glycan profiles were found in gastric cancer. Compared with the healthy control, a trianntenary structure abundance, peak 9 (NA3Fb), was increased significantly in gastric cancer, while the total abundance of core-fucosylated residues (sumfuc) was decreased. Core-fucosylated structures, peak6(NA2F) and peak7(NA2FB) were deceased in gastric tumor tissues when compared with that in adjacent non-tumor tissues. Consistently, lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA)-binding proteins were decreased significantly in sera of gastric cancer, and protein level of Fut8 was decreased significantly in gastric tumor tissues compared with that in adjacent non-tumor tissues. Upregulation of GDP-Tr and Fut8 could inhibit proliferation, but had no significant influence on migration of BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cells. Core-fucosylation is down regulated in gastric cancer. Upregulation of core-fucosylation could inhibit proliferation of the human gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Peng Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yun Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing You
- Department of General Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chang-Hong Yi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping-Ting Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Fang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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17
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Frantzi M, Bhat A, Latosinska A. Clinical proteomic biomarkers: relevant issues on study design & technical considerations in biomarker development. Clin Transl Med 2014; 3:7. [PMID: 24679154 PMCID: PMC3994249 DOI: 10.1186/2001-1326-3-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarker research is continuously expanding in the field of clinical proteomics. A combination of different proteomic-based methodologies can be applied depending on the specific clinical context of use. Moreover, current advancements in proteomic analytical platforms are leading to an expansion of biomarker candidates that can be identified. Specifically, mass spectrometric techniques could provide highly valuable tools for biomarker research. Ideally, these advances could provide with biomarkers that are clinically applicable for disease diagnosis and/ or prognosis. Unfortunately, in general the biomarker candidates fail to be implemented in clinical decision making. To improve on this current situation, a well-defined study design has to be established driven by a clear clinical need, while several checkpoints between the different phases of discovery, verification and validation have to be passed in order to increase the probability of establishing valid biomarkers. In this review, we summarize the technical proteomic platforms that are available along the different stages in the biomarker discovery pipeline, exemplified by clinical applications in the field of bladder cancer biomarker research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Frantzi
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Mellendorfer Strasse 7-9, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou 4, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Akshay Bhat
- Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH, Mellendorfer Strasse 7-9, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Latosinska
- Biotechnology Division, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Soranou Ephessiou 4, 115 27 Athens, Greece
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Yang W, Zhou JY, Chen L, Ao M, Sun S, Aiyetan P, Simmons A, Zhang H, Jackson JB. Glycoproteomic analysis identifies human glycoproteins secreted from HIV latently infected T cells and reveals their presence in HIV+ plasma. Clin Proteomics 2014; 11:9. [PMID: 24597896 PMCID: PMC4015807 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-11-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycoproteins secreted into plasma from T cells infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) latent infection may provide insight into understanding the host response to HIV infection in vivo. Glycoproteomics, which evaluates the level of the glycoproteome, remains a novel approach to study this host response to HIV. In order to identify human glycoproteins secreted from T cells with latent HIV infection, the medium from cultured HIV replication-competent T cells was compared with the medium from cultured parental A3.01 cells via solid phase extraction of glycopeptides (SPEG) and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Using these methods, 59 human glycoproteins were identified as having significantly different abundance levels between the media from these two cell lines. The relevance of these 59 proteins to HIV infection in vivo was assessed in plasma from HIV+ and HIV- subjects. Comparison between T cell and plasma revealed that six glycoproteins (galectin-3-binding protein, L-selectin, neogenin, adenosine deaminase CECR1, ICOS ligand and phospholipid transfer protein) were significantly elevated in the HIV+ T cells and plasma studies. These findings suggest that the response of T cells harboring latent HIV infection contributed, in part, to the glycoprotein changes in HIV+ plasma. These proteins, once validated, could provide insight into host-HIV interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRBII, Room 3 M-03, Baltimore MD 21205, USA.
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19
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Li QK, Gabrielson E, Askin F, Chan DW, Zhang H. Glycoproteomics using fluid-based specimens in the discovery of lung cancer protein biomarkers: promise and challenge. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 7:55-69. [PMID: 23112109 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cancer in the United States and worldwide. In spite of the rapid progression in personalized treatments, the overall survival rate of lung cancer patients is still suboptimal. Over the past decade, tremendous efforts have been focused on the discovery of protein biomarkers to facilitate the early detection and monitoring of lung cancer progression during treatment. In addition to tumor tissues and cancer cell lines, a variety of biological material has been studied. Particularly in recent years, studies using fluid-based specimen or so-called "fluid-biopsy" specimens have progressed rapidly. Fluid specimens are relatively easier to collect than tumor tissue, and they can be repeatedly sampled during the disease progression. Glycoproteins are the major content of fluid specimens and have long been recognized to play fundamental roles in many physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we focus the discussion on recent advances of glycoproteomics, particularly in the identification of potential glyco protein biomarkers using fluid-based specimens in lung cancer. The purpose of this review is to summarize current strategies, achievements, and perspectives in the field. This insight will highlight the discovery of tumor-associated glycoprotein biomarkers in lung cancer and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Kay Li
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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Ao MH, Zhang H, Sakowski L, Sharma R, Illei PB, Gabrielson E, Askin F, Li QK. The utility of a novel triple marker (combination of TTF1, napsin A, and p40) in the subclassification of non-small cell lung cancer. Hum Pathol 2014; 45:926-34. [PMID: 24746197 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In lung cancer, targeted therapies depend on accurate histological subclassification of the tumor. The majority of lung cancers can be subclassified based on hematoxylin and eosin staining; however, classification may be difficult in small biopsies. In this study, we investigated the utility of a newly developed triple marker (combination of TTF1/Napsin A/p40) and compared the sensitivity and specificity of this novel marker with individual markers in the subclassification of non-small cell lung carcinomas. Lung cancer tissue microarrays were constructed using surgical resection material from the Johns Hopkins Hospital. They included 77 adenocarcinomas (ADCs), 77 squamous cell carcinomas (SqCCs), and 46 cases of metastatic lung ADCs. Immunostaining patterns of all markers were scored semi-quantitatively and compared. In ADCs, the sensitivity and specificity of the triple marker were 93.5% and 77.5%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of TTF1 and Napsin A were 85.7% and 75.0%, and 89.6% and 90.0%. In SqCCs, the sensitivity and specificity of the triple marker were 88.3% and 92.5%, while the p40, p63 and CK5/6 showed 80.5% and 90.0%; 93.5% and 80.0%; and 89.6% and 80.0%. In addition, the sensitivity and specificity of the triple marker in metastatic ADCs showed 71.7% and 73.5%, respectively. Our triple marker (combination of TTF1/Napsin A/p40) showed a similar sensitivity and specificity for the subclassification of NSCLC when compared to individual markers. Our study not only demonstrates a useful combination of immunomarkers but also optimally conserves tissue for molecular marker testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Ao
- The Department of Pathology The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore MD 21224, USA
| | - Hui Zhang
- The Department of Pathology The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore MD 21224, USA
| | - Lynne Sakowski
- The Department of Pathology The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore MD 21224, USA
| | - Rajni Sharma
- The Department of Pathology The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore MD 21224, USA
| | - Peter B Illei
- The Department of Pathology The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore MD 21224, USA
| | - Edward Gabrielson
- The Department of Pathology The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore MD 21224, USA
| | - Frederic Askin
- The Department of Pathology The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore MD 21224, USA
| | - Qing Kay Li
- The Department of Pathology The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore MD 21224, USA.
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21
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Li Y, Wang X, Ao M, Gabrielson E, Askin F, Zhang H, Li QK. Aberrant Mucin5B expression in lung adenocarcinomas detected by iTRAQ labeling quantitative proteomics and immunohistochemistry. Clin Proteomics 2013; 10:15. [PMID: 24176033 PMCID: PMC3826529 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-10-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and worldwide. The complex protein changes and/or signature of protein expression in lung cancer, particularly in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been well defined. Although several studies have investigated the protein profile in lung cancers, the knowledge is far from complete. Among early studies, mucin5B (MUC5B) has been suggested to play an important role in the tumor progression. MUC5B is the major gel-forming mucin in the airway. In this study, we investigated the overall protein profile and MUC5B expression in lung adenocarcinomas, the most common type of NSCLCs. Methods Lung adenocarcinoma tissue in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks was collected and microdissected. Peptides from 8 tumors and 8 tumor-matched normal lung tissue were extracted and labeled with 8-channel iTRAQ reagents. The labeled peptides were identified and quantified by LC-MS/MS using an LTQ Orbitrap Velos mass spectrometer. MUC5B expression identified by iTRAQ labeling was further validated using immunohistochemistry (IHC) on tumor tissue microarray (TMA). Results A total of 1288 peptides from 210 proteins were identified and quantified in tumor tissues. Twenty-two proteins showed a greater than 1.5-fold differences between tumor and tumor-matched normal lung tissues. Fifteen proteins, including MUC5B, showed significant changes in tumor tissues. The aberrant expression of MUC5B was further identified in 71.1% of lung adenocarcinomas in the TMA. Discussions A subset of tumor-associated proteins was differentially expressed in lung adenocarcinomas. The differential expression of MUC5B in lung adenocarcinomas suggests its role as a potential biomarker in the detection of adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qing Kay Li
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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22
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Tian Y, Zhang H. Characterization of disease-associated N-linked glycoproteins. Proteomics 2013; 13:504-11. [PMID: 23255236 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
N-linked glycoproteins play important roles in biological processes, including cell-to-cell recognition, growth, differentiation, and programmed cell death. Specific N-linked glycoprotein changes are associated with disease progression and identification of these N-linked glycoproteins has potential for use in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatments. In this review, we summarize common strategies for N-linked glycoprotein characterization and applications of these strategies to identification of glycoprotein changes associated with disease states. We also review the N-linked glycoproteins altered in diseases such as breast cancer, lung cancer, and prostate cancer. Although assays for these glycoproteins have potential clinical utility, research is needed to translate these glycoproteins to clinical biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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23
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Li QK, Shah P, Li Y, Aiyetan PO, Chen J, Yung R, Molena D, Gabrielson E, Askin F, Chan DW, Zhang H. Glycoproteomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid identifies tumor-associated glycoproteins from lung adenocarcinoma. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:3689-96. [PMID: 23802180 DOI: 10.1021/pr400274w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cytological examination of cells from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is commonly used for the diagnosis of lung cancer. Proteins released from lung cancer cells into BAL may serve as biomarkers for cancer detection. In this study, N-glycoproteins in eight cases of BAL fluid, as well as eight lung adenocarcinoma tissues and eight tumor-matched normal lung tissues, were analyzed using the solid-phase extraction of N-glycoprotein (SPEG), iTRAQ labeling, and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Of 80 glycoproteins found in BAL specimens, 32 were identified in both cancer BAL and cancer tissues, with levels of 25 glycoproteins showing at least a 2-fold difference between cancer and benign BAL. Among them, eight glycoproteins showed greater than 2-fold elevations in cancer BAL, including Neutrophil elastase (NE), Integrin alpha-M, Cullin-4B, Napsin A, lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2), Cathepsin D, BPI fold-containing family B member 2, and Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. The levels of Napsin A in cancer BAL were further verified in independently collected 39 BAL specimens using an ELISA assay. Our study demonstrates that potential protein biomarkers in BAL fluid can be detected and quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Kay Li
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
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Pillai K, Akhter J, Chua TC, Morris DL. Anticancer property of bromelain with therapeutic potential in malignant peritoneal mesothelioma. Cancer Invest 2013; 31:241-50. [PMID: 23570457 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2013.784777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bromelain is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes that is capable of hydrolyzing glycosidic linkages in glycoprotein. Glycoprotein's are ubiquitously distributed throughout the body and serve a variety of physiologic functions. Faulty glycosylation of proteins may lead to cancer. Antitumor properties of bromelain have been demonstrated in both, in vitro and in vivo studies, along with scanty anecdotal human studies. Various mechanistic pathways have been proposed to explain the anticancer properties of bromelain. However, proteolysis by bromelain has been suggested as a main pathway by some researchers. MUC1 is a glycoprotein that provides tumor cells with invasive, metastatic, and chemo-resistant properties. To date, there is no study that examines the effect of bromelain on MUC1. However, the viability of MUC1 expressing pancreatic and breast cancer cells are adversely affected by bromelain. Further, the efficacy of cisplatin and 5-FU are enhanced by adjuvant treatment with bromelain, indicating that the barrier function of MUC1 may be affected. Other studies have also indicated that there is a greater accumulation of 5-FU in the cell compartment on treatment with 5-FU and bromelain. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) expresses MUC1 and initial studies have shown that the viability of MPM cells is adversely affected by exposure to bromelain. Further, bromelain in combination with either 5-FU or cisplatin, the efficacy of the chemotherapeutic drug is enhanced. Hence, current evidence indicates that bromelain may have the potential of being developed into an effective anticancer agent for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Pillai
- Department of Surgery, University of New South Wales, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
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