1
|
Ariyoshi R, Matsuzaki T, Sato R, Minamihata K, Hayashi K, Koga T, Orita K, Nishioka R, Wakabayashi R, Goto M, Kamiya N. Engineering the Propeptide of Microbial Transglutaminase Zymogen: Enabling Substrate-Dependent Activation for Bioconjugation Applications. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:340-350. [PMID: 38421254 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.3c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Microbial transglutaminase (MTG) from Streptomyces mobaraensis is a powerful biocatalytic glue for site-specific cross-linking of a range of biomolecules and synthetic molecules that have an MTG-reactive moiety. The preparation of active recombinant MTG requires post-translational proteolytic digestion of a propeptide that functions as an intramolecular chaperone to assist the correct folding of the MTG zymogen (MTGz) in the biosynthesis. Herein, we report engineered active zymogen of MTG (EzMTG) that is expressed in soluble form in the host Escherichia coli cytosol and exhibits cross-linking activity without limited proteolysis of the propeptide. We found that the saturation mutagenesis of residues K10 or Y12 in the propeptide domain generated several active MTGz mutants. In particular, the K10D/Y12G mutant exhibited catalytic activity comparable to that of mature MTG. However, the expression level was low, possibly because of decreased chaperone activity and/or the promiscuous substrate specificity of MTG, which is potentially harmful to the host cells. The K10R/Y12A mutant exhibited specific substrate-dependent reactivity toward peptidyl substrates. Quantitative analysis of the binding affinity of the mutated propeptides to the active site of MTG suggested an inverse relationship between the binding affinity and the catalytic activity of EzMTG. Our proof-of-concept study provides insights into the design of a new biocatalyst using the MTGz as a scaffold and a potential route to high-throughput screening of EzMTG mutants for bioconjugation applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryutaro Ariyoshi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takashi Matsuzaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ryo Sato
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kosuke Minamihata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kounosuke Hayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Taisei Koga
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kensei Orita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Riko Nishioka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Rie Wakabayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Division of Biotechnology, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abstract
The ability to site-selectively modify equivalent functional groups in a molecule has the potential to streamline syntheses and increase product yields by lowering step counts. Enzymes catalyze site-selective transformations throughout primary and secondary metabolism, but leveraging this capability for non-native substrates and reactions requires a detailed understanding of the potential and limitations of enzyme catalysis and how these bounds can be extended by protein engineering. In this review, we discuss representative examples of site-selective enzyme catalysis involving functional group manipulation and C-H bond functionalization. We include illustrative examples of native catalysis, but our focus is on cases involving non-native substrates and reactions often using engineered enzymes. We then discuss the use of these enzymes for chemoenzymatic transformations and target-oriented synthesis and conclude with a survey of tools and techniques that could expand the scope of non-native site-selective enzyme catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Harrison M Snodgrass
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Christian A Gomez
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jared C Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Khim Chan S, Yi Lai J, Gan CY, Soon Lim T. A Semi-Rational Mutagenesis Approach For Improved Substrate Activity Of Microbial Transglutaminase. Food Chem 2023; 419:136070. [PMID: 37030209 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
A higher specific activity of microbial transglutaminase (mTGase) is desirable for a broad range of applications ranging from food industry to biotechnology. Three-dimensional docking simulation of mTGase revealed that residues V65, W69, and Y75 were critical for substrate recognition. A semi-rational mutagenesis approach was applied to each residue to generate three separate mini mutant libraries. A high-throughput screening process identified five mutants that demonstrated improved specific activities than the wild type (WT) mTGase were isolated from the Y75 mini mutant library. Mutant Y75L showed approximately 60% increment in specific activity and improved substrate specificity. Conjugation of two heterologous single-chain fragment variable clones to generate a diabody with mutant Y75L was successfully performed and validated. This work demonstrates the successful application of semi-rational mutagenesis coupled with a high-throughput screening approach to identify mTGase mutants with improved specific activities and specificities which are beneficial for protein-protein conjugation.
Collapse
|
4
|
Hadjabdelhafid-Parisien A, Bitsch S, Macarrón Palacios A, Deweid L, Kolmar H, Pelletier JN. Tag-free, specific conjugation of glycosylated IgG1 antibodies using microbial transglutaminase. RSC Adv 2022; 12:33510-33515. [PMID: 36505706 PMCID: PMC9680618 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05630e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an efficient approach for tag-free, site-specific conjugation of a fully glycosylated antibody using microbial transglutaminase (mTG). We created variants of trastuzumab where a single surface-exposed residue of the human crystallizable fragment had been substituted to glutamine, with the objective of enabling site-specific mTG-mediated conjugation with primary amine payloads. MTG reactivity was determined by conjugation to an amino fluorophore, demonstrating effective tag-free conjugation at the newly introduced I253Q site. The conjugation of one payload per antibody heavy chain was confirmed by mass spectrometry. We further demonstrated two-step mTG/click chemistry-based conjugation of I253Q trastuzumab with monomethyl auristatin E. Cytotoxicity and specificity of the resulting antibody-drug conjugate were indistinguishable from trastuzumab conjugated by another method although binding to the neonatal Fc receptor was impaired. The resulting fully glycosylated ADC is unique in that it results from minimal modification of the antibody sequence and offers potential for application to cellular imaging, fluorescence microscopy, western blotting or ELISA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adem Hadjabdelhafid-Parisien
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal Montreal QC Canada
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC) Montreal QC Canada
- PROTEO, the Quebec Research Network on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications Quebec City QC Canada
| | - Sebastian Bitsch
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - Arturo Macarrón Palacios
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - Lukas Deweid
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
- Centre for Synthetic Biology, Technical University of Darmstadt Darmstadt Germany
| | - Joelle N Pelletier
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Montreal Montreal QC Canada
- Center for Green Chemistry and Catalysis (CGCC) Montreal QC Canada
- PROTEO, the Quebec Research Network on Protein Function, Engineering and Applications Quebec City QC Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal Montreal QC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pei X, Luo Z, Qiao L, Xiao Q, Zhang P, Wang A, Sheldon RA. Putting precision and elegance in enzyme immobilisation with bio-orthogonal chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7281-7304. [PMID: 35920313 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01004b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The covalent immobilisation of enzymes generally involves the use of highly reactive crosslinkers, such as glutaraldehyde, to couple enzyme molecules to each other or to carriers through, for example, the free amino groups of lysine residues, on the enzyme surface. Unfortunately, such methods suffer from a lack of precision. Random formation of covalent linkages with reactive functional groups in the enzyme leads to disruption of the three dimensional structure and accompanying activity losses. This review focuses on recent advances in the use of bio-orthogonal chemistry in conjunction with rec-DNA to affect highly precise immobilisation of enzymes. In this way, cost-effective combination of production, purification and immobilisation of an enzyme is achieved, in a single unit operation with a high degree of precision. Various bio-orthogonal techniques for putting this precision and elegance into enzyme immobilisation are elaborated. These include, for example, fusing (grafting) peptide or protein tags to the target enzyme that enable its immobilisation in cell lysate or incorporating non-standard amino acids that enable the application of bio-orthogonal chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Pei
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Luo
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Li Qiao
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Qinjie Xiao
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Anming Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Department of Biotechnology, Section BOC, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Song W, Ko J, Choi YH, Hwang NS. Recent advancements in enzyme-mediated crosslinkable hydrogels: In vivo-mimicking strategies. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:021502. [PMID: 33834154 PMCID: PMC8018798 DOI: 10.1063/5.0037793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes play a central role in fundamental biological processes and have been traditionally used to trigger various processes. In recent years, enzymes have been used to tune biomaterial responses and modify the chemical structures at desired sites. These chemical modifications have allowed the fabrication of various hydrogels for tissue engineering and therapeutic applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the use of enzymes for hydrogel fabrication. Strategies to enhance the enzyme function and improve biocompatibility are described. In addition, we describe future opportunities and challenges for the production of enzyme-mediated crosslinkable hydrogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wonmoon Song
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyeon Ko
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hwan Choi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S. Hwang
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: 82-2-880-1635. Fax: 82-2-880-7295
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Le PJ, Miersch S, Forbes MW, Jarvik N, Ku A, Sidhu SS, Reilly RM, Winnik MA. Site-Specific Conjugation of Metal-Chelating Polymers to Anti-Frizzled-2 Antibodies via Microbial Transglutaminase. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2491-2504. [PMID: 33961407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Metal-chelating polymer-based radioimmunoconjugates (RICs) are effective agents for radioimmunotherapy but are currently limited by nonspecific binding and off-target organ uptake. Nonspecific binding appears after conjugation of the polymer to the antibody and may be related to random lysine conjugation since the polymers themselves do not bind to cells. To investigate the role of conjugation sites on nonspecific binding of polymer RICs, we developed a microbial transglutaminase reaction to prepare site-specific antibody-polymer conjugates. The reaction was enabled by introducing a Q-tag (i.e., 7M48) into antibody (i.e., Fab) fragments and synthesizing a polyglutamide-based metal-chelating polymer with a PEG amine block to yield substrates. Mass spectrometric analyses confirmed that the microbial transglutaminase conjugation reaction was site-specific. For comparison, random lysine conjugation analogs with an average of one polymer per Fab were prepared by bis-aryl hydrazone conjugation. Conjugates were prepared from an anti-frizzled-2 Fab to target the Wnt pathway, along with a nonbinding specificity control, anti-Luciferase Fab. Fabs were engineered from a trastuzumab-based IgG1 framework and lack lysines in the antigen-binding site. Conjugates were analyzed for thermal conformational stability by differential scanning fluorimetry, which showed that the site-specific conjugate had a similar melting temperature to the parent Fab. Binding assays by biolayer interferometry showed that the site-specific anti-frizzled-2 conjugate maintained high affinity to the antigen, while the random conjugate showed a 10-fold decrease in affinity, which was largely due to changes in association rates. Radioligand cell-binding assays on frizzled-2+ PANC-1 cells and frizzled-2- CHO cells showed that the site-specific anti-frizzled-2 conjugate had ca. 4-fold lower nonspecific binding compared to the random conjugate. Site-specific conjugation appeared to reduce nonspecific binding associated with random conjugation of the polymer in polymer RICs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penny J Le
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1H6, Canada
| | - Shane Miersch
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Matthew W Forbes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1H6, Canada
| | - Nick Jarvik
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Anthony Ku
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Sachdev S Sidhu
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Raymond M Reilly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada.,Joint Department of Medical Imaging and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Mitchell A Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1H6, Canada.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sadiki A, Vaidya SR, Abdollahi M, Bhardwaj G, Dolan ME, Turna H, Arora V, Sanjeev A, Robinson TD, Koid A, Amin A, Zhou ZS. Site-specific conjugation of native antibody. Antib Ther 2020; 3:271-284. [PMID: 33644685 PMCID: PMC7906296 DOI: 10.1093/abt/tbaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally, non-specific chemical conjugations, such as acylation of amines on lysine or alkylation of thiols on cysteines, are widely used; however, they have several shortcomings. First, the lack of site-specificity results in heterogeneous products and irreproducible processes. Second, potential modifications near the complementarity-determining region may reduce binding affinity and specificity. Conversely, site-specific methods produce well-defined and more homogenous antibody conjugates, ensuring developability and clinical applications. Moreover, several recent side-by-side comparisons of site-specific and stochastic methods have demonstrated that site-specific approaches are more likely to achieve their desired properties and functions, such as increased plasma stability, less variability in dose-dependent studies (particularly at low concentrations), enhanced binding efficiency, as well as increased tumor uptake. Herein, we review several standard and practical site-specific bioconjugation methods for native antibodies, i.e., those without recombinant engineering. First, chemo-enzymatic techniques, namely transglutaminase (TGase)-mediated transamidation of a conserved glutamine residue and glycan remodeling of a conserved asparagine N-glycan (GlyCLICK), both in the Fc region. Second, chemical approaches such as selective reduction of disulfides (ThioBridge) and N-terminal amine modifications. Furthermore, we list site-specific antibody–drug conjugates in clinical trials along with the future perspectives of these site-specific methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amissi Sadiki
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA
| | - Shefali R Vaidya
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA
| | - Mina Abdollahi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA
| | - Gunjan Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA
| | - Michael E Dolan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA.,Downstream Development, Biologics Process Development, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., (a wholly-owned subsidiary of Takeda Pharmaceuticals Company Limited), Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Harpreet Turna
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA
| | - Varnika Arora
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA
| | - Athul Sanjeev
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA
| | - Timothy D Robinson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA
| | - Andrea Koid
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA
| | - Aashka Amin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA
| | - Zhaohui Sunny Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA.,Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts 02115-5000, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fatima SW, Barua S, Sardar M, Khare SK. Immobilization of Transglutaminase on multi-walled carbon nanotubes and its application as bioinspired hydrogel scaffolds. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1747-1758. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
10
|
Glutamine-walking: Creating reactive substrates for transglutaminase-mediated protein labeling. Methods Enzymol 2020. [PMID: 32943142 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Chemically modified proteins are increasingly being tested and approved as therapeutic products. Batch-to-batch homogeneity is crucial to ensure safety and quality of therapeutic products. Highly selective protein modification may be achieved using enzymatic routes. Microbial transglutaminase (mTG) is a robust, easy to use and well-established enzyme that is used at a very large scale in the food industry such that its efficacy and its safety for human consumption are well established. In the context of therapeutic protein modification, mTG should crosslink one or more glutamines on the target protein with an aminated moiety such as a solubilizer, a tracer or a cytotoxic moiety. mTG has the advantage of being unreactive toward the majority of surface-exposed glutamines on most proteins, reducing sample heterogeneity. The caveat is that there may be no reactive glutamine on the target protein, or else a reactive glutamine may be found in a location where its modification compromises function of the target protein. Here we describe the glutamine-walk (Gln-walk), a straightforward method to create a glutamine-substrate site that is reactive to mTG in a target protein. Iterative substitution of single amino acids to a glutamine is followed by facile identification of reactivity with mTG, where covalent labeling of the target with an aminated fluorophore allows visualization of the most reactive modified targets. The approach is empirical; knowledge of the target protein structure and functional regions facilitates application of the method.
Collapse
|
11
|
Chio TI, Demestichas BR, Brems BM, Bane SL, Tumey LN. Expanding the Versatility of Microbial Transglutaminase Using α‐Effect Nucleophiles as Noncanonical Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tak Ian Chio
- Department of Chemistry Binghamton University State University of New York 25 Murray Hill Rd Vestal NY 13850 USA
| | - Breanna R. Demestichas
- Department of Chemistry Binghamton University State University of New York 25 Murray Hill Rd Vestal NY 13850 USA
| | - Brittany M. Brems
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Binghamton University State University of New York 96 Corliss Ave Johnson City NY 13790 USA
| | - Susan L. Bane
- Department of Chemistry Binghamton University State University of New York 25 Murray Hill Rd Vestal NY 13850 USA
| | - L. Nathan Tumey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Binghamton University State University of New York 96 Corliss Ave Johnson City NY 13790 USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chio TI, Demestichas BR, Brems BM, Bane SL, Tumey LN. Expanding the Versatility of Microbial Transglutaminase Using α-Effect Nucleophiles as Noncanonical Substrates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:13814-13820. [PMID: 32268004 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202001830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The substrate promiscuity of microbial transglutaminase (mTG) has been exploited in various applications in biotechnology, in particular for the attachment of alkyl amines to glutamine-containing peptides and proteins. Here, we expand the substrate repertoire to include hydrazines, hydrazides, and alkoxyamines, resulting in the formation of isopeptide bonds with varied susceptibilities to hydrolysis or exchange by mTG. Furthermore, we demonstrate that simple unsubstituted hydrazine and dihydrazides can be used to install reactive hydrazide handles onto the side chain of internal glutamine residues. The distinct hydrazide handles can be further coupled with carbonyls, including ortho-carbonylphenylboronic acids, to form site-specific and functional bioconjugates with tunable hydrolytic stability. The extension of the substrate scope of mTG beyond canonical amines thus substantially broadens the versatility of the enzyme, providing a new approach to facilitate novel applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tak Ian Chio
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, 25 Murray Hill Rd, Vestal, NY, 13850, USA
| | - Breanna R Demestichas
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, 25 Murray Hill Rd, Vestal, NY, 13850, USA
| | - Brittany M Brems
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, 96 Corliss Ave, Johnson City, NY, 13790, USA
| | - Susan L Bane
- Department of Chemistry, Binghamton University, State University of New York, 25 Murray Hill Rd, Vestal, NY, 13850, USA
| | - L Nathan Tumey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, 96 Corliss Ave, Johnson City, NY, 13790, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Doti N, Caporale A, Monti A, Sandomenico A, Selis F, Ruvo M. A recent update on the use of microbial transglutaminase for the generation of biotherapeutics. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:53. [PMID: 32172335 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02829-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The recent scientific progresses on the use of enzyme-mediated reactions in organic, non-aqueous and aqueous media have significantly supported the growing demand of new biotechnological and/or pharmacological products. Today, a plethora of microbial enzymes, used as biocatalysts, are available. Among these, microbial transglutaminases (MTGs) are broadly used for their ability to catalyse the formation of an isopeptide bond between the γ-amide group of glutamines and the ε-amino group of lysine. Due to their promiscuity towards primary amine-containing substrates and the more stringent specificity for glutamine-containing peptide sequences, several combined approaches can be tailored for different settings, making MTGs very attractive catalysts for generating protein-protein and protein small molecule's conjugates. The present review offers a recent update on the modifications attainable by MTG-catalysed bioreactions as reported between 2014 and 2019. In particular, we present a detailed and comparative overview on the MTG-based methods for proteins and antibodies engineering, with a particular outlook on the synthesis of homogeneous antibody-drug conjugates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Doti
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy.
| | - A Caporale
- Institute of Crystallography, CNR (IC-CNR), c/o Area Science Park s.s. 14 Km 163.5, Basovizza, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Monti
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy.,Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABIF), University L. Vanvitelli, Via Vivaldi, 43, 80100, Caserta, Italy
| | - A Sandomenico
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Selis
- BioVIIIx R&D, Via B. Brin, 59C, 80142, Naples, Italy
| | - M Ruvo
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, CNR (IBB-CNR), Via Mezzocannone, 16, 80134, Naples, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Moreno HM, Domínguez-Timón F, Díaz MT, Pedrosa MM, Borderías AJ, Tovar CA. Evaluation of gels made with different commercial pea protein isolate: Rheological, structural and functional properties. Food Hydrocoll 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
15
|
Mattei G, Cacopardo L, Ahluwalia A. Engineering Gels with Time-Evolving Viscoelasticity. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:E438. [PMID: 31963333 PMCID: PMC7014018 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
From a mechanical point of view, a native extracellular matrix (ECM) is viscoelastic. It also possesses time-evolving or dynamic behaviour, since pathophysiological processes such as ageing alter their mechanical properties over time. On the other hand, biomaterial research on mechanobiology has focused mainly on the development of substrates with varying stiffness, with a few recent contributions on time- or space-dependent substrate mechanics. This work reports on a new method for engineering dynamic viscoelastic substrates, i.e., substrates in which viscoelastic parameters can change or evolve with time, providing a tool for investigating cell response to the mechanical microenvironment. In particular, a two-step (chemical and enzymatic) crosslinking strategy was implemented to modulate the viscoelastic properties of gelatin hydrogels. First, gels with different glutaraldehyde concentrations were developed to mimic a wide range of soft tissue viscoelastic behaviours. Then their mechanical behaviour was modulated over time using microbial transglutaminase. Typically, enzymatically induced mechanical alterations occurred within the first 24 h of reaction and then the characteristic time constant decreased although the elastic properties were maintained almost constant for up to seven days. Preliminary cell culture tests showed that cells adhered to the gels, and their viability was similar to that of controls. Thus, the strategy proposed in this work is suitable for studying cell response and adaptation to temporal variations of substrate mechanics during culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Mattei
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Girolamo Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Ludovica Cacopardo
- Research Centre “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Arti Ahluwalia
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Girolamo Caruso 16, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
- Research Centre “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Largo Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Deweid L, Avrutina O, Kolmar H. Microbial transglutaminase for biotechnological and biomedical engineering. Biol Chem 2019; 400:257-274. [PMID: 30291779 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Research on bacterial transglutaminase dates back to 1989, when the enzyme has been isolated from Streptomyces mobaraensis. Initially discovered during an extensive screening campaign to reduce costs in food manufacturing, it quickly appeared as a robust and versatile tool for biotechnological and pharmaceutical applications due to its excellent activity and simple handling. While pioneering attempts to make use of its extraordinary cross-linking ability resulted in heterogeneous polymers, currently it is applied to site-specifically ligate diverse biomolecules yielding precisely modified hybrid constructs comprising two or more components. This review covers the extensive and rapidly growing field of microbial transglutaminase-mediated bioconjugation with the focus on pharmaceutical research. In addition, engineering of the enzyme by directed evolution and rational design is highlighted. Moreover, cumbersome drawbacks of this technique mainly caused by the enzyme's substrate indiscrimination are discussed as well as the ways to bypass these limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Deweid
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Olga Avrutina
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Moulton KR, Sadiki A, Koleva BN, Ombelets LJ, Tran TH, Liu S, Wang B, Chen H, Micheloni E, Beuning PJ, O’Doherty GA, Zhou ZS. Site-Specific Reversible Protein and Peptide Modification: Transglutaminase-Catalyzed Glutamine Conjugation and Bioorthogonal Light-Mediated Removal. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:1617-1621. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
18
|
Bioengineering of microbial transglutaminase for biomedical applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:2973-2984. [PMID: 30805670 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09669-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial transglutaminase (mTGase) is commonly known in the food industry as meat glue due to its incredible ability to "glue" meat proteins together. Aside from being widely exploited in the meat processing industries, mTGase is also widely applied in other food and textile industries by catalysing the formation of isopeptide bonds between peptides or protein substrates. The advancement of technology has opened up new avenues for mTGase in the field of biomedical engineering. Efforts have been made to study the structural properties of mTGase in order to gain an in-depth understanding of the structure-function relationship. This review highlights the developments in mTGase engineering together with its role in biomedical applications including biomaterial fabrication for tissue engineering and biotherapeutics.
Collapse
|
19
|
Lee J, Son A, Kim P, Kwon SB, Yu JE, Han G, Seong BL. RNA‐dependent chaperone (chaperna) as an engineered pro‐region for the folding of recombinant microbial transglutaminase. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 116:490-502. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhee Lee
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, College of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
| | - Ahyun Son
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, College of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
- Present affiliation: Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryKnoebel Institute for Healthy AgingUniversity of DenverDenver Colorado
| | - Paul Kim
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, College of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
| | - Soon Bin Kwon
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
| | - Ji Eun Yu
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
| | - Gyoonhee Han
- Department of Integrated OMICS for Biomedical Science, College of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
| | - Baik L. Seong
- Department of BiotechnologyCollege of Life science and BiotechnologyYonsei UniversitySeoul Korea
| |
Collapse
|