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Qiao L, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Ma B, Chen H, Gao P, Zhang P, Wang A, Sheldon RA. Near-infrared light-driven asymmetric photolytic reduction of ketone using inorganic-enzyme hybrid biocatalyst. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130612. [PMID: 38447845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Effective photolytic regeneration of the NAD(P)H cofactor in enzymatic reductions is an important and elusive goal in biocatalysis. It can, in principle, be achieved using a near-infrared light (NIR) driven artificial photosynthesis system employing H2O as the sacrificial reductant. To this end we utilized TiO2/reduced graphene quantum dots (r-GQDs), combined with a novel rhodium electron mediator, to continuously supply NADPH in situ for aldo-keto reductase (AKR) mediated asymmetric reductions under NIR irradiation. This upconversion system, in which the Ti-O-C bonds formed between r-GQDs and TiO2 enabled efficient interfacial charge transfer, was able to regenerate NADPH efficiently in 64 % yield in 105 min. Based on this, the pharmaceutical intermediate (R)-1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)ethan-1-ol was obtained, in 84 % yield and 99.98 % ee, by reduction of the corresponding ketone. The photo-enzymatic system is recyclable with a polymeric electron mediator, which maintained 66 % of its original catalytic efficiency and excellent enantioselectivity (99.9 % ee) after 6 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongjian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bianqin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haomin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Anming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Materials Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Biotechnology, Section BOC, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands.
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Luo Z, Qiao L, Chen H, Mao Z, Wu S, Ma B, Xie T, Wang A, Pei X, Sheldon RA. Precision Engineering of the Co-immobilization of Enzymes for Cascade Biocatalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202403539. [PMID: 38556813 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The design and orderly layered co-immobilization of multiple enzymes on resin particles remain challenging. In this study, the SpyTag/SpyCatcher binding pair was fused to the N-terminus of an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and an aldo-keto reductase (AKR), respectively. A non-canonical amino acid (ncAA), p-azido-L-phenylalanine (p-AzF), as the anchor for covalent bonding enzymes, was genetically inserted into preselected sites in the AKR and ADH. Employing the two bioorthogonal counterparts of SpyTag/SpyCatcher and azide-alkyne cycloaddition for the immobilization of AKR and ADH enabled sequential dual-enzyme coating on porous microspheres. The ordered dual-enzyme reactor was subsequently used to synthesize (S)-1-(2-chlorophenyl)ethanol asymmetrically from the corresponding prochiral ketone, enabling the in situ regeneration of NADPH. The reactor exhibited a high catalytic conversion of 74 % and good reproducibility, retaining 80 % of its initial activity after six cycles. The product had 99.9 % ee, which that was maintained in each cycle. Additionally, the double-layer immobilization method significantly increased the enzyme loading capacity, which was approximately 1.7 times greater than that of traditional single-layer immobilization. More importantly, it simultaneously enabled both the purification and immobilization of multiple enzymes on carriers, thus providing a convenient approach to facilitate cascade biocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Luo
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Li Qiao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Haomin Chen
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Zhili Mao
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Shujiao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Bianqin Ma
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Anming Wang
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Xiaolin Pei
- College of Material, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, China, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311121, China
| | - Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand PO Wits., 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology, Section BOC, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The use of engineered ketoreductases (KREDS), both as whole microbial cells and isolated enzymes, in the highly enantiospecific reduction of prochiral ketones is reviewed. The homochiral alcohol products are key intermediates in, for example, pharmaceuticals synthesis. The application of sophisticated protein engineering and enzyme immobilisation techniques to increase industrial viability are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qiao
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Zhiyuan Luo
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Haomin Chen
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Anming Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education; Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits. 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Department of Biotechnology, Section BOC, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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Mathebula NP, Sheldon RA, Bode ML. Lipase-Catalysed Enzymatic Kinetic Resolution of Aromatic Morita-Baylis-Hillman Derivatives by Hydrolysis and Transesterification. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200435. [PMID: 36049111 PMCID: PMC9828654 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Acylated Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) adducts were synthesised and subjected to enzymatic kinetic resolution (EKR) by hydrolysis employing various lipase enzymes: from P. fluorescens, P. cepacia (PCL), C. antarctica A (CAL-A), C. antarctica B (CAL-B) and Novozyme 435. In a number of instances enantiopure Morita-Baylis-Hillman acetates or butyrates and their corresponding hydrolysed MBH adducts were obtained with ee values of >90 %, at ca. 50 % conversion, corresponding to enantiomeric ratio (E) values of >200. Enantioselective transesterification reactions on MBH adducts was achieved using acyl anhydrides in THF or the greener organic solvent 2-MeTHF in the presence of CAL-A. This is the first report of successful lipase-catalysed EKR of aromatic MBH adducts by transesterification in organic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nompumelelo P. Mathebula
- Molecular Sciences Institute School of ChemistryUniversity of the Witwatersrand Private Bag X3, PO WITSJohannesburg2050South Africa
| | - Roger A. Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute School of ChemistryUniversity of the Witwatersrand Private Bag X3, PO WITSJohannesburg2050South Africa,Department of Biotechnology Section BOCDelft University of Technologyvan der Maasweg 92629 HZDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Moira L. Bode
- Molecular Sciences Institute School of ChemistryUniversity of the Witwatersrand Private Bag X3, PO WITSJohannesburg2050South Africa
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Pei X, Luo Z, Qiao L, Xiao Q, Zhang P, Wang A, Sheldon RA. Putting precision and elegance in enzyme immobilisation with bio-orthogonal chemistry. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:7281-7304. [PMID: 35920313 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01004b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The covalent immobilisation of enzymes generally involves the use of highly reactive crosslinkers, such as glutaraldehyde, to couple enzyme molecules to each other or to carriers through, for example, the free amino groups of lysine residues, on the enzyme surface. Unfortunately, such methods suffer from a lack of precision. Random formation of covalent linkages with reactive functional groups in the enzyme leads to disruption of the three dimensional structure and accompanying activity losses. This review focuses on recent advances in the use of bio-orthogonal chemistry in conjunction with rec-DNA to affect highly precise immobilisation of enzymes. In this way, cost-effective combination of production, purification and immobilisation of an enzyme is achieved, in a single unit operation with a high degree of precision. Various bio-orthogonal techniques for putting this precision and elegance into enzyme immobilisation are elaborated. These include, for example, fusing (grafting) peptide or protein tags to the target enzyme that enable its immobilisation in cell lysate or incorporating non-standard amino acids that enable the application of bio-orthogonal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Pei
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Luo
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Li Qiao
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Qinjie Xiao
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Anming Wang
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, PO Wits, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Department of Biotechnology, Section BOC, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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Alcántara AR, Domínguez de María P, Littlechild JA, Schürmann M, Sheldon RA, Wohlgemuth R. Preface to Special Issue on Biocatalysis as Key to Sustainable Industrial Chemistry. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202200640. [PMID: 35514198 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In their Editorial for the Special Issue on Biocatalysis as Key to Sustainable Industrial Chemistry, Guest Editors Andrés Alcántara, Pablo Domínguez de María, Jennifer Littlechild, and Roland Wohlgemuth and their co-workers on the European Society of Applied Biocatalysis' (ESAB) Working Group on Sustainable Chemistry Martin Schürmann and Roger Sheldon discuss the Special Issue and the importance of biocatalysis in carrying out cutting-edge industrial chemistry in a sustainable way, as well as the future prospects for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés R Alcántara
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry (QUICIFARM), Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jennifer A Littlechild
- Henry Wellcome Building for Biocatalysis Department of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Roland Wohlgemuth
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
- Swiss Coordination Committee for Biotechnology, 8021, Zurich, Switzerland
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Sheldon RA, Brady D. Green Chemistry, Biocatalysis, and the Chemical Industry of the Future. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202102628. [PMID: 35026060 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the movement to decarbonize our economy and move away from fossil fuels we will need to harness the waste products of our activities, such as waste lignocellulose, methane, and carbon dioxide. Our wastes need to be integrated into a circular economy where used products are recycled into a manufacturing carbon cycle. Key to this will be the recycling of plastics at the resin and monomer levels. Biotechnology is well suited to a future chemical industry that must adapt to widely distributed and diverse biological chemical feedstocks. Our increasing mastery of biotechnology is allowing us to develop enzymes and organisms that can synthesize a widening selection of desirable bulk chemicals, including plastics, at commercially viable productivities. Integration of bioreactors with electrochemical systems will permit new production opportunities with enhanced productivities and the advantage of using a low-carbon electricity from renewable and sustainable sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section BOC, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Dean Brady
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, 2000, South Africa
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Alcántara AR, Domínguez de María P, Littlechild JA, Schürmann M, Sheldon RA, Wohlgemuth R. Biocatalysis as Key to Sustainable Industrial Chemistry. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202200709. [PMID: 35445559 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Invited for this month's cover is the Working Group Sustainable Chemistry of the European Society of Applied Biocatalysis (ESAB). The image shows the significant contributions of Biocatalysis to science, industry, society, and environment as a technology of first choice for Sustainable Chemistry in the 21st century. The Perspective itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202102709.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés R Alcántara
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences (QUICIFARM), Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040-, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Domínguez de María
- Sustainable Momentum, SL, Av. Ansite 3, 4-6, 35011, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Is., Spain
| | - Jennifer A Littlechild
- Henry Wellcome Building for Biocatalysis, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Roland Wohlgemuth
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
- Swiss Coordination Committee for Biotechnology, 8021, Zurich, Switzerland
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Alcántara AR, Domínguez de María P, Littlechild JA, Schürmann M, Sheldon RA, Wohlgemuth R. Biocatalysis as Key to Sustainable Industrial Chemistry. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202102709. [PMID: 35238475 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The role and power of biocatalysis in sustainable chemistry has been continuously brought forward step by step to its present outstanding position. The problem-solving capabilities of biocatalysis have been realized by numerous substantial achievements in biology, chemistry and engineering. Advances and breakthroughs in the life sciences and interdisciplinary cooperation with chemistry have clearly accelerated the implementation of biocatalytic synthesis in modern chemistry. Resource-efficient biocatalytic manufacturing processes have already provided numerous benefits to sustainable chemistry as well as customer-centric value creation in the pharmaceutical, food, flavor, fragrance, vitamin, agrochemical, polymer, specialty, and fine chemical industries. Biocatalysis can make significant contributions not only to manufacturing processes, but also to the design of completely new value-creation chains. Biocatalysis can now be considered as a key enabling technology to implement sustainable chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés R Alcántara
- Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences (QUICIFARM), Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), 28040-, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Domínguez de María
- Sustainable Momentum, SL, Av. Ansite 3, 4-6, 35011, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Is., Spain
| | - Jennifer A Littlechild
- Henry Wellcome Building for Biocatalysis, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | | | - Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Roland Wohlgemuth
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-537, Lodz, Poland
- Swiss Coordination Committee for Biotechnology, 8021, Zurich, Switzerland
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Sheldon RA. Green Chemistry: Principles and Case Studies. By Felicia A. Etzkorn. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
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11
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Sheldon RA. Green Chemistry: Principles and Case Studies. By Felicia A. Etzkorn. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
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Papadogianakis G, Sheldon RA, Murzin DY, Wu Y. Editorial: Aqueous-Phase Catalytic Conversions of Renewable Feedstocks for Sustainable Biorefineries. Front Chem 2021; 8:629578. [PMID: 33384985 PMCID: PMC7770100 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.629578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Papadogianakis
- Industrial Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Dmitry Yu Murzin
- Laboratory of Industrial Chemistry and Reaction Engineering, Abo Akademi University, Biskopsgatan, Finland
| | - Yulong Wu
- Laboratory of Advanced Reactor Engineering and Safety of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Abstract
This tutorial review focuses on recent advances in technologies for enzyme immobilisation, enabling their cost-effective use in the bio-based economy and continuous processing in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute
- School of Chemistry
- University of the Witwatersrand
- Johannesburg
- South Africa
| | | | - Dean Brady
- Molecular Sciences Institute
- School of Chemistry
- University of the Witwatersrand
- Johannesburg
- South Africa
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14
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Arteaga Cabeza O, Zhang Z, Smith Khoury E, Sheldon RA, Sharma A, Zhang F, Slusher BS, Kannan RM, Kannan S, Ferriero DM. Neuroprotective effects of a dendrimer-based glutamate carboxypeptidase inhibitor on superoxide dismutase transgenic mice after neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105201. [PMID: 33271328 PMCID: PMC8351403 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The result of a deprivation of oxygen and glucose to the brain, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), remains the most common cause of death and disability in human neonates globally and is mediated by glutamate toxicity and inflammation. We have previously shown that the enzyme glutamate carboxypeptidase (GCPII) is overexpressed in activated microglia in the presence of inflammation in fetal/newborn rabbit brain. We assessed the therapeutic utility of a GCPII enzyme inhibitor called 2-(3-Mercaptopropyl) pentanedioic acid (2MPPA) attached to a dendrimer (D-2MPPA), in order to target activated microglia in an experimental neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) model using superoxide dismutase transgenic (SOD) mice that are often more injured after hypoxia-ischemia than wildtype animals. SOD overexpressing and wild type (WT) mice underwent permanent ligation of the left common carotid artery followed by 50 min of asphyxiation (10% O2) to induce HI injury on postnatal day 9 (P9). Cy5-labeled dendrimers were administered to the mice at 6 h, 24 h or 72 h after HI and brains were evaluated by immunofluorescence analysis 24 h after the injection to visualize microglial localization and uptake over time. Expression of GCPII enzyme was analyzed in microglia 24 h after the HI injury. The expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed 24 h and 72 h post-HI. Brain damage was analyzed histologically 7 days post-HI in the three randomly assigned groups: control (C); hypoxic-ischemic (HI); and HI mice who received a single dose of D-2MPPA 6 h post-HI (HI+D-2MPPA). First, we found that GCPII was overexpressed in activated microglia 24 h after HI in the SOD overexpressing mice. Also, there was an increase in microglial activation 24 h after HI in the ipsilateral hippocampus which was most visible in the SOD+HI group. Dendrimers were mostly taken up by microglia by 24 h post-HI; uptake was more prominent in the SOD+HI mice than in the WT+HI. The inflammatory profile showed significant increase in expression of KC/GRO following injury in SOD mice compared to WT at 24 and 72 h. A greater and significant decrease in KC/GRO was seen in the SOD mice following treatment with D-2MPPA. Seven days after HI, D-2MPPA treatment decreased brain injury in the SOD+HI group, but not in WT+HI. This reduced damage was mainly seen in hippocampus and cortex. Our data indicate that the best time point to administer D-2MPPA is 6 h post-HI in order to suppress the expression of GCPII by 24 h after the damage since dendrimer localization in microglia is seen as early as 6 h with the peak of GCPII upregulation in activated microglia seen at 24 h post-HI. Ultimately, treatment with D-2MPPA at 6 h post-HI leads to a decrease in inflammatory profiles by 24 h and reduction in brain injury in the SOD overexpressing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Arteaga Cabeza
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - E Smith Khoury
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - R A Sheldon
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Departments of Newborn Brain Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - A Sharma
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - F Zhang
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - B S Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - R M Kannan
- Center for Nanomedicine, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - S Kannan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - D M Ferriero
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Departments of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Departments of Newborn Brain Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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Abstract
This paper is based on a lecture presented to the Royal Society in London on 24 June 2019. Two of the grand societal and technological challenges of the twenty-first century are the 'greening' of chemicals manufacture and the ongoing transition to a sustainable, carbon neutral economy based on renewable biomass as the raw material, a so-called bio-based economy. These challenges are motivated by the need to eliminate environmental degradation and mitigate climate change. In a bio-based economy, ideally waste biomass, particularly agricultural and forestry residues and food supply chain waste, are converted to liquid fuels, commodity chemicals and biopolymers using clean, catalytic processes. Biocatalysis has the right credentials to achieve this goal. Enzymes are biocompatible, biodegradable and essentially non-hazardous. Additionally, they are derived from inexpensive renewable resources which are readily available and not subject to the large price fluctuations which undermine the long-term commercial viability of scarce precious metal catalysts. Thanks to spectacular advances in molecular biology the landscape of biocatalysis has dramatically changed in the last two decades. Developments in (meta)genomics in combination with 'big data' analysis have revolutionized new enzyme discovery and developments in protein engineering by directed evolution have enabled dramatic improvements in their performance. These developments have their confluence in the bio-based circular economy. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Science to enable the circular economy'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, P O Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology, Section BOC, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
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Sheldon RA, Brady D, Bode ML. The Hitchhiker's guide to biocatalysis: recent advances in the use of enzymes in organic synthesis. Chem Sci 2020; 11:2587-2605. [PMID: 32206264 PMCID: PMC7069372 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc05746c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes are excellent catalysts that are increasingly being used in industry and academia. This perspective is primarily aimed at synthetic organic chemists with limited experience using enzymes and provides a general and practical guide to enzymes and their synthetic potential, with particular focus on recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute , School of Chemistry , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa .
- Department of Biotechnology , Delft University of Technology , Delft , The Netherlands
| | - Dean Brady
- Molecular Sciences Institute , School of Chemistry , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa .
| | - Moira L Bode
- Molecular Sciences Institute , School of Chemistry , University of the Witwatersrand , Johannesburg , South Africa .
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Abstract
The role of bio- and chemo-catalytic aerobic oxidations in the production of commodity chemicals in a bio-refinery is reviewed. The situation is fundamentally different to that in a petrochemicals refinery where the feedstocks are gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons that are oxidized at elevated temperatures in the vapor or liquid phase under solvent-free conditions. In contrast, the feedstocks in a biorefinery are carbohydrates that are water soluble solids and their conversion will largely involve aerobic oxidations of hydroxyl functional groups in water as the solvent under relatively mild conditions of temperature and pressure. This will require the development and use of cost-effective and environmentally attractive processes using both chemo- and biocatalytic methods for alcohols and polyols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sheldon
- School of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Institute, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
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Sheldon RA, Brady D. Broadening the Scope of Biocatalysis in Sustainable Organic Synthesis. ChemSusChem 2019; 12:2859-2881. [PMID: 30938093 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
This Review is aimed at synthetic organic chemists who may be familiar with organometallic catalysis but have no experience with biocatalysis, and seeks to provide an answer to the perennial question: if it is so attractive, why wasn't it extensively used in the past? The development of biocatalysis in industrial organic synthesis is traced from the middle of the last century. Advances in molecular biology in the last two decades, in particular genome sequencing, gene synthesis and directed evolution of proteins, have enabled remarkable improvements in scope and substantially reduced biocatalyst development times and cost contributions. Additionally, improvements in biocatalyst recovery and reuse have been facilitated by developments in enzyme immobilization technologies. Biocatalysis has become eminently competitive with chemocatalysis and the biocatalytic production of important pharmaceutical intermediates, such as enantiopure alcohols and amines, has become mainstream organic synthesis. The synthetic space of biocatalysis has significantly expanded and is currently being extended even further to include new-to-nature biocatalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section BOC, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Dean Brady
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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Abstract
In the period 1985 to 1995 applications of biocatalysis, driven by the need for more sustainable manufacture of chemicals and catalytic, (enantio)selective methods for the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates, largely involved the available hydrolases. This was followed, in the next two decades, by revolutionary developments in protein engineering and directed evolution for the optimisation of enzyme function and performance that totally changed the biocatalysis landscape. In the same period, metabolic engineering and synthetic biology revolutionised the use of whole cell biocatalysis in the synthesis of commodity chemicals by fermentation. In particular, developments in the enzymatic enantioselective synthesis of chiral alcohols and amines are highlighted. Progress in enzyme immobilisation facilitated applications under harsh industrial conditions, such as in organic solvents. The emergence of biocatalytic or chemoenzymatic cascade processes, often with co-immobilised enzymes, has enabled telescoping of multi-step processes. Discovering and inventing new biocatalytic processes, based on (meta)genomic sequencing, evolving enzyme promiscuity, chemomimetic biocatalysis, artificial metalloenzymes, and the introduction of non-canonical amino acids into proteins, are pushing back the limits of biocatalysis function. Finally, the integral role of biocatalysis in developing a biobased carbon-neutral economy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Abstract
In this tutorial review we describe a holistic approach to the invention, development and optimisation of biotransformations utilising isolated enzymes. Increasing attention to applied biocatalysis is motivated by its numerous economic and environmental benefits. Biocatalysis engineering concerns the development of enzymatic systems as a whole, which entails engineering its different components: substrate engineering, medium engineering, protein (enzyme) engineering, biocatalyst (formulation) engineering, biocatalytic cascade engineering and reactor engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa.
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21
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Lanfranchi E, Grill B, Raghoebar Z, Van Pelt S, Sheldon RA, Steiner K, Glieder A, Winkler M. Production of Hydroxynitrile Lyase from Davallia tyermannii
(Dt
HNL) in Komagataella phaffii
and Its Immobilization as a CLEA to Generate a Robust Biocatalyst. Chembiochem 2017; 19:312-316. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Lanfranchi
- acib GmbH; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
- Present address: School of Food and Nutritional Sciences; University College Cork; College Road Cork Ireland
| | | | - Zainab Raghoebar
- CLEA-Technologies; Delftechpark 34 2628 XH Delft The Netherlands
- Present address: Avantium Chemicals BV; Zekeringstraat 29 1014 BV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Sander Van Pelt
- CLEA-Technologies; Delftechpark 34 2628 XH Delft The Netherlands
- Present address: Bioprocess Pilot Facility B.V.; Alexander Fleminglaan 1 2613 AX Delft The Netherlands
| | - Roger A. Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute; School of Chemistry; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg PO Wits 2050 South Africa
| | | | - Anton Glieder
- acib GmbH; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology; Graz University of Technology; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Margit Winkler
- acib GmbH; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology; Graz University of Technology; Petersgasse 14 8010 Graz Austria
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. Sheldon
- Molecular
Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, PO Wits 2050, South Africa
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Section BOC, van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - John M. Woodley
- Department
of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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23
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Sheldon RA. Engineering a more sustainable world through catalysis and green chemistry. J R Soc Interface 2016; 13:rsif.2016.0087. [PMID: 27009181 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The grand challenge facing the chemical and allied industries in the twenty-first century is the transition to greener, more sustainable manufacturing processes that efficiently use raw materials, eliminate waste and avoid the use of toxic and hazardous materials. It requires a paradigm shift from traditional concepts of process efficiency, focusing on chemical yield, to one that assigns economic value to replacing fossil resources with renewable raw materials, eliminating waste and avoiding the use of toxic and/or hazardous substances. The need for a greening of chemicals manufacture is readily apparent from a consideration of the amounts of waste generated per kilogram of product (the E factors) in various segments of the chemical industry. A primary source of this waste is the use of antiquated 'stoichiometric' technologies and a major challenge is to develop green, catalytic alternatives. Another grand challenge for the twenty-first century, driven by the pressing need for climate change mitigation, is the transition from an unsustainable economy based on fossil resources--oil, coal and natural gas--to a sustainable one based on renewable biomass. In this context, the valorization of waste biomass, which is currently incinerated or goes to landfill, is particularly attractive. The bio-based economy involves cross-disciplinary research at the interface of biotechnology and chemical engineering, focusing on the development of green, chemo- and biocatalytic technologies for waste biomass conversion to biofuels, chemicals and bio-based materials. Biocatalysis has many benefits to offer in this respect. The catalyst is derived from renewable biomass and is biodegradable. Processes are performed under mild conditions and generally produce less waste and are more energy efficient than conventional ones. Thanks to modern advances in biotechnology 'tailor-made' enzymes can be economically produced on a large scale. However, for economic viability it is generally necessary to recover and re-use the enzyme and this can be achieved by immobilization, e.g. as solid cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs), enabling separation by filtration or centrifugation. A recent advance is the use of 'smart', magnetic CLEAs, which can be separated magnetically from reaction mixtures containing suspensions of solids; truly an example of cross-disciplinary research at the interface of physical and life sciences, which is particularly relevant to biomass conversion processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, P O Wits 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, Delft 2628BL, The Netherlands
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Hirashita T, Nakanishi M, Uchida T, Yamamoto M, Araki S, Arends IWCE, Sheldon RA. Ionic TEMPO in Ionic Liquids: Specific Promotion of the Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsunehisa Hirashita
- Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Makoto Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Tomoya Uchida
- Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Shuki Araki
- Graduate School of Engineering; Nagoya Institute of Technology; Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan
| | - Isabel W. C. E. Arends
- Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry; Delft University of Technology; Julianalaan 136 2628 BL Delft The Netherlands
| | - Roger A. Sheldon
- Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry; Delft University of Technology; Julianalaan 136 2628 BL Delft The Netherlands
- School of Chemistry; University of the Witwatersrand; Johannesburg 2050 Republic of South Africa
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27
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. Sheldon
- Molecular Sciences Institute; School of Chemistry; University of the Witwatersrand; 2050; Johannesburg South Africa
- Department of Biotechnology; Delft University of Technology; Julianalaan 136 2628 BL Delft Netherlands
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Pereira PC, Arends IW, Sheldon RA. Optimizing the chloroperoxidase–glucose oxidase system: The effect of glucose oxidase on activity and enantioselectivity. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Pereira PC, Arends IW, Sheldon RA. A green and expedient synthesis of enantiopure diketopiperazines via enzymatic resolution of unnatural amino acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.06.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lanfranchi E, Steiner K, Glieder A, Hajnal I, Sheldon RA, van Pelt S, Winkler M. Mini-review: recent developments in hydroxynitrile lyases for industrial biotechnology. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2013; 7:197-206. [PMID: 24182322 DOI: 10.2174/18722083113076660010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxynitrile lyases (HNLs) catalyze the cleavage as well as the formation of cyanohydrins. The latter reaction is valuable for the stereoselective C-C bond formation by condensation of HCN with carbonyl compounds. The resulting cyanohydrins serve as versatile building blocks for a broad range of chemical and enzymatic follow-up reactions. A significant number of (R)- and (S)-selective HNLs are known today and the number is still increasing. HNLs not only exhibit varying substrate scope but also differ in sequence and structure. Tailor-made enzymes for large-scale manufacturing of cyanohydrins with improved yield and enantiomeric excess are very interesting targets, which is reflected in a solid number of patents. This review will complement and extend our recent review with a strong focus on applications of HNLs for the synthesis of highly functionalized, chiral compounds with newest literature, recent and current patent literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Margit Winkler
- ACIB GmbH (Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology GmbH), Petersgasse 14/III, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
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Chmura A, Rustler S, Paravidino M, van Rantwijk F, Stolz A, Sheldon RA. The combi-CLEA approach: enzymatic cascade synthesis of enantiomerically pure (S)-mandelic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chávez G, Hatti-Kaul R, Sheldon RA, Mamo G. Baeyer–Villiger oxidation with peracid generated in situ by CaLB-CLEA catalyzed perhydrolysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Díaz-Rodríguez A, Lavandera I, Kanbak-Aksu S, Sheldon RA, Gotor V, Gotor-Fernández V. From Diols to Lactones under Aerobic Conditions using a Laccase/TEMPO Catalytic System in Aqueous Medium. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lai JQ, Hu ZL, Sheldon RA, Yang Z. Catalytic performance of cross-linked enzyme aggregates of Penicillium expansum lipase and their use as catalyst for biodiesel production. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2012.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Rustler S, Chmura A, Sheldon RA, Stolz A. Characterisation of the substrate specificity of the nitrile hydrolyzing system of the acidotolerant black yeast Exophiala oligosperma R1. Stud Mycol 2011; 61:165-74. [PMID: 19287539 PMCID: PMC2610300 DOI: 10.3114/sim.2008.61.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The `black yeast' Exophiala oligosperma R1 can utilise various
organic nitriles under acidic conditions as nitrogen sources. The induction of
a phenylacetonitrile converting activity was optimised by growing the strain
in the presence of different nitriles and /or complex or inorganic nitrogen
sources. The highest nitrile hydrolysing activity was observed with cells
grown with 2-cyanopyridine and NaNO3. The cells metabolised the
inducer and grew with 2-cyanopyridine as sole source of nitrogen. Cell
extracts converted various (substituted) benzonitriles and
phenylacetonitriles. They usually converted the isomers carrying a substituent
in the meta-position with higher relative activities than the
corresponding para- or ortho-substituted isomers. Aliphatic
substrates such as acrylonitrile and 2-hydroxy-3-butenenitrile were also
hydrolysed. The highest specific activity was detected with 4-cyanopyridine.
Most nitriles were almost exclusively converted to the corresponding acids and
no or only low amounts of the corresponding amides were formed. The cells
hydrolysed amides only with extremely low activities. It was therefore
concluded that the cells harboured a nitrilase activity. The specific
activities of whole cells and cell extracts were compared for different
nitriles and evidence obtained for limitation in the substrate-uptake by whole
cells. The conversion of 2-hydroxy-3-butenenitrile to 2-hydroxy-3-butenoic
acid at pH 4 demonstrated the unique ability of cells of E.
oligosperma R1 to hydrolyse aliphatic α-hydroxynitriles under
acidic conditions. The organism could grow with phenylacetonitrile as sole
source of carbon, energy and nitrogen. The degradation of phenylacetonitrile
presumably proceeds via phenylacetic acid, 2-hydroxyphenylacetic acid,
2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (homogentisate), maleylacetoacetate and
fumarylacetoacetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rustler
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Universität Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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van der Toorn JC, Kemperman G, Sheldon RA, Arends IWCE. Studies on Substituted Aromatic Diselenides as Catalysts for Selective Alcohol Oxidation Using tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. Sheldon
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and CLEA Technolgies, Delftechpark 134, 2628 XH Delft, The Netherlands
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47
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Reymond JL, Sheldon RA. Future turnovers in enzyme catalysis. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2010; 14:113-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cabirol FL, Lim AEC, Hanefeld U, Sheldon RA. Straightforward Enzymatic Process Based on HNL CLEA-Catalysis towards Cyanohydrin Derivatives. Org Process Res Dev 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/op900207n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien L. Cabirol
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and Biocatalysis Laboratory, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island S(627833), Singapore
| | - Angela E. C. Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and Biocatalysis Laboratory, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island S(627833), Singapore
| | - Ulf Hanefeld
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and Biocatalysis Laboratory, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island S(627833), Singapore
| | - Roger A. Sheldon
- Department of Biotechnology, Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Organic Chemistry, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands, and Biocatalysis Laboratory, Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences, 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island S(627833), Singapore
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