1
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Schaid DJ, McDonnell SK, FitzGerald LM, DeRycke L, Fogarty Z, Giles GG, MacInnis RJ, Southey MC, Nguyen-Dumont T, Cancel-Tassin G, Cussenot O, Whittemore AS, Sieh W, Ioannidis NM, Hsieh CL, Stanford JL, Schleutker J, Cropp CD, Carpten J, Hoegel J, Eeles R, Kote-Jarai Z, Ackerman MJ, Klein CJ, Mandal D, Cooney KA, Bailey-Wilson JE, Helfand B, Catalona WJ, Wiklund F, Riska S, Bahetti S, Larson MC, Cannon Albright L, Teerlink C, Xu J, Isaacs W, Ostrander EA, Thibodeau SN. Two-stage Study of Familial Prostate Cancer by Whole-exome Sequencing and Custom Capture Identifies 10 Novel Genes Associated with the Risk of Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2020; 79:353-361. [PMID: 32800727 PMCID: PMC7881048 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family history of prostate cancer (PCa) is a well-known risk factor, and both common and rare genetic variants are associated with the disease. OBJECTIVE To detect new genetic variants associated with PCa, capitalizing on the role of family history and more aggressive PCa. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A two-stage design was used. In stage one, whole-exome sequencing was used to identify potential risk alleles among affected men with a strong family history of disease or with more aggressive disease (491 cases and 429 controls). Aggressive disease was based on a sum of scores for Gleason score, node status, metastasis, tumor stage, prostate-specific antigen at diagnosis, systemic recurrence, and time to PCa death. Genes identified in stage one were screened in stage two using a custom-capture design in an independent set of 2917 cases and 1899 controls. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Frequencies of genetic variants (singly or jointly in a gene) were compared between cases and controls. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Eleven genes previously reported to be associated with PCa were detected (ATM, BRCA2, HOXB13, FAM111A, EMSY, HNF1B, KLK3, MSMB, PCAT1, PRSS3, and TERT), as well as an additional 10 novel genes (PABPC1, QK1, FAM114A1, MUC6, MYCBP2, RAPGEF4, RNASEH2B, ULK4, XPO7, and THAP3). Of these 10 novel genes, all but PABPC1 and ULK4 were primarily associated with the risk of aggressive PCa. CONCLUSIONS Our approach demonstrates the advantage of gene sequencing in the search for genetic variants associated with PCa and the benefits of sampling patients with a strong family history of disease or an aggressive form of disease. PATIENT SUMMARY Multiple genes are associated with prostate cancer (PCa) among men with a strong family history of this disease or among men with an aggressive form of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Schaid
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Shannon K McDonnell
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Liesel M FitzGerald
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Lissa DeRycke
- Specialized Services, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zachary Fogarty
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert J MacInnis
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa C Southey
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tu Nguyen-Dumont
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Alice S Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Weiva Sieh
- Population Health Science and Policy, Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nilah Monnier Ioannidis
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chih-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Janet L Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, and Department of Medical Genetics, Genomics, Laboratory Division, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Cheryl D Cropp
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Social and Administrative Sciences, McWhorter School of Pharmacy, Samford University, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John Carpten
- Department of Translation Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Josef Hoegel
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton Surrey, UK
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton Surrey, UK
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Diptasri Mandal
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kathleen A Cooney
- Department of Medicine and Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joan E Bailey-Wilson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian Helfand
- Department of Surgery, North Shore University Health System/University of Chicago, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - William J Catalona
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fredrick Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shaun Riska
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Saurabh Bahetti
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Melissa C Larson
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Lisa Cannon Albright
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Craig Teerlink
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Northshore University Health System, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - William Isaacs
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomic Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephen N Thibodeau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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2
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Pinto AR, Silva J, Pinto R, Medeiros R. Aggressive prostate cancer phenotype and genome-wide association studies: where are we now? Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:487-503. [PMID: 32343194 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of prostate cancer (PCa) is indolent, however, a percentage of patients are initially diagnosed with metastatic disease, for which there is a worse prognosis. There is a lack of biomarkers to identify men at greater risk for developing aggressive PCa. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) scan the genome to search associations of SNPs with specific traits, like cancer. To date, eight GWAS have resulted in the reporting of 16 SNPs associated with aggressive PCa (p < 5.00 × 10-2). Still, validation studies need to be conducted to confirm the obtained results as GWAS can generate false-positive results. Furthermore, post-GWAS studies provide a better understanding of the functional consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Pinto
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center, (CI-IPOP) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-4072 Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS, Abel Salazar Institute for the Biomedical Sciences, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jani Silva
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center, (CI-IPOP) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-4072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Pinto
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center, (CI-IPOP) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-4072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Medeiros
- Molecular Oncology & Viral Pathology Group, IPO-Porto Research Center, (CI-IPOP) Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO-Porto), Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-4072 Porto, Portugal.,Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer (NRNorte), Estrada Interior da Circunvalação, 6657, 4200-172 Porto, Portugal.,CEBIMED, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fernando Pessoa University, Praça 9 de Abril, 349, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Blume
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Robert A. Greevy
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Valerie F. Welty
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - Jeffrey R. Smith
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
| | - William D. Dupont
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
- Department of Health Policy, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN
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4
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Eeles R, Goh C, Castro E, Bancroft E, Guy M, Al Olama AA, Easton D, Kote-Jarai Z. The genetic epidemiology of prostate cancer and its clinical implications. Nat Rev Urol 2014; 11:18-31. [PMID: 24296704 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2013.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, familial and epidemiological studies have generated considerable evidence of an inherited component to prostate cancer. Indeed, rare highly penetrant genetic mutations have been implicated. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have also identified 76 susceptibility loci associated with prostate cancer risk, which occur commonly but are of low penetrance. However, these mutations interact multiplicatively, which can result in substantially increased risk. Currently, approximately 30% of the familial risk is due to such variants. Evaluating the functional aspects of these variants would contribute to our understanding of prostate cancer aetiology and would enable population risk stratification for screening. Furthermore, understanding the genetic risks of prostate cancer might inform predictions of treatment responses and toxicities, with the goal of personalized therapy. However, risk modelling and clinical translational research are needed before we can translate risk profiles generated from these variants into use in the clinical setting for targeted screening and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalind Eeles
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Chee Goh
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Elena Castro
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Elizabeth Bancroft
- Clinical Academic Cancer Genetics Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK
| | - Michelle Guy
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Ali Amin Al Olama
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Strangeways Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Douglas Easton
- Departments of Public Health & Primary Care and Oncology, Strangeways Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- Oncogenetics Team, Division of Cancer Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
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5
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Burgio MR, Ioannidis JPA, Kaminski BM, Derycke E, Rogers S, Khoury MJ, Seminara D. Collaborative cancer epidemiology in the 21st century: the model of cancer consortia. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2013; 22:2148-60. [PMID: 24045926 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-0591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, epidemiology has undergone a rapid evolution toward collaborative research. The proliferation of multi-institutional, interdisciplinary consortia has acquired particular prominence in cancer research. Herein, we describe the characteristics of a network of 49 established cancer epidemiology consortia (CEC) currently supported by the Epidemiology and Genomics Research Program (EGRP) at the National Cancer Institute (NCI). This collection represents the largest disease-based research network for collaborative cancer research established in population sciences. We describe the funding trends, geographic distribution, and areas of research focus. The CEC have been partially supported by 201 grants and yielded 3,876 publications between 1995 and 2011. We describe this output in terms of interdisciplinary collaboration and translational evolution. We discuss challenges and future opportunities in the establishment and conduct of large-scale team science within the framework of CEC, review future prospects for this approach to large-scale, interdisciplinary cancer research, and describe a model for the evolution of an integrated Network of Cancer Consortia optimally suited to address and support 21st-century epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Burgio
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland; Office of Public Health Genomics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia; Scientific Consulting Group, Inc., Gaithersburg, Maryland; and Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, and Department of Public Health and Policy, Stanford University School of Medicine, and Department of Statistics, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford, California
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6
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Xu J, Lange EM, Lu L, Zheng SL, Wang Z, Thibodeau SN, Cannon-Albright LA, Teerlink CC, Camp NJ, Johnson AM, Zuhlke KA, Stanford JL, Ostrander EA, Wiley KE, Isaacs SD, Walsh PC, Maier C, Luedeke M, Vogel W, Schleutker J, Wahlfors T, Tammela T, Schaid D, McDonnell SK, DeRycke MS, Cancel-Tassin G, Cussenot O, Wiklund F, Grönberg H, Eeles R, Easton D, Kote-Jarai Z, Whittemore AS, Hsieh CL, Giles GG, Hopper JL, Severi G, Catalona WJ, Mandal D, Ledet E, Foulkes WD, Hamel N, Mahle L, Moller P, Powell I, Bailey-Wilson JE, Carpten JD, Seminara D, Cooney KA, Isaacs WB. HOXB13 is a susceptibility gene for prostate cancer: results from the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics (ICPCG). Hum Genet 2013; 132:5-14. [PMID: 23064873 PMCID: PMC3535370 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer has a strong familial component but uncovering the molecular basis for inherited susceptibility for this disease has been challenging. Recently, a rare, recurrent mutation (G84E) in HOXB13 was reported to be associated with prostate cancer risk. Confirmation and characterization of this finding is necessary to potentially translate this information to the clinic. To examine this finding in a large international sample of prostate cancer families, we genotyped this mutation and 14 other SNPs in or flanking HOXB13 in 2,443 prostate cancer families recruited by the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics (ICPCG). At least one mutation carrier was found in 112 prostate cancer families (4.6 %), all of European descent. Within carrier families, the G84E mutation was more common in men with a diagnosis of prostate cancer (194 of 382, 51 %) than those without (42 of 137, 30 %), P = 9.9 × 10(-8) [odds ratio 4.42 (95 % confidence interval 2.56-7.64)]. A family-based association test found G84E to be significantly over-transmitted from parents to affected offspring (P = 6.5 × 10(-6)). Analysis of markers flanking the G84E mutation indicates that it resides in the same haplotype in 95 % of carriers, consistent with a founder effect. Clinical characteristics of cancers in mutation carriers included features of high-risk disease. These findings demonstrate that the HOXB13 G84E mutation is present in ~5 % of prostate cancer families, predominantly of European descent, and confirm its association with prostate cancer risk. While future studies are needed to more fully define the clinical utility of this observation, this allele and others like it could form the basis for early, targeted screening of men at elevated risk for this common, clinically heterogeneous cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xu
- Data Coordinating Center for the ICPCG, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Ethan M. Lange
- University of Michigan ICPCG Group, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Departments of Genetics and Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Lingyi Lu
- Data Coordinating Center for the ICPCG, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Siqun L. Zheng
- Data Coordinating Center for the ICPCG, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Zhong Wang
- Data Coordinating Center for the ICPCG, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
| | - Stephen N. Thibodeau
- Mayo Clinic ICPGC Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Lisa A. Cannon-Albright
- University of Utah ICPCG Group, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Craig C. Teerlink
- University of Utah ICPCG Group, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Nicola J. Camp
- University of Utah ICPCG Group, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
| | - Anna M. Johnson
- University of Michigan ICPCG Group, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Kimberly A. Zuhlke
- University of Michigan ICPCG Group, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC) ICPCG Group, Seattle, WA USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, FHCRC, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC) ICPCG Group, Seattle, WA USA
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Kathleen E. Wiley
- Johns Hopkins University ICPCG Group, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Marburg 115, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Sarah D. Isaacs
- Johns Hopkins University ICPCG Group, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Marburg 115, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Patrick C. Walsh
- Johns Hopkins University ICPCG Group, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Marburg 115, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - Christiane Maier
- University of Ulm ICPCG Group, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Manuel Luedeke
- University of Ulm ICPCG Group, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Walther Vogel
- University of Ulm ICPCG Group, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- University of Tampere ICPCG Group, University of Tampere and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tiina Wahlfors
- University of Tampere ICPCG Group, University of Tampere and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teuvo Tammela
- University of Tampere ICPCG Group, University of Tampere and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Daniel Schaid
- Mayo Clinic ICPGC Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Shannon K. McDonnell
- Mayo Clinic ICPGC Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | - Melissa S. DeRycke
- Mayo Clinic ICPGC Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
| | | | - Olivier Cussenot
- CeRePP ICPCG Group, Paris, France
- Department of Urology, APHP, Hospital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Karolinska ICPCG Group, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Grönberg
- Karolinska ICPCG Group, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ros Eeles
- ACTANE (Anglo/Canadian/Texan/Australian/Norwegian/EU Biomed) Consortium ICPCG Group, Surrey, UK
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - Doug Easton
- ACTANE (Anglo/Canadian/Texan/Australian/Norwegian/EU Biomed) Consortium ICPCG Group, Surrey, UK
- Strangeways Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zsofia Kote-Jarai
- ACTANE (Anglo/Canadian/Texan/Australian/Norwegian/EU Biomed) Consortium ICPCG Group, Surrey, UK
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - Alice S. Whittemore
- BC/CA/HI ICPCG Group, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
| | - Chih-Lin Hsieh
- BC/CA/HI ICPCG Group, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Urology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Graham G. Giles
- ACTANE (Anglo/Canadian/Texan/Australian/Norwegian/EU Biomed) Consortium ICPCG Group, Surrey, UK
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytical Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John L. Hopper
- ACTANE (Anglo/Canadian/Texan/Australian/Norwegian/EU Biomed) Consortium ICPCG Group, Surrey, UK
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytical Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- ACTANE (Anglo/Canadian/Texan/Australian/Norwegian/EU Biomed) Consortium ICPCG Group, Surrey, UK
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytical Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William J. Catalona
- Northwestern University ICPCG Group, Chicago, IL USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Diptasri Mandal
- Louisiana State University ICPCG Group, New Orleans, LA USA
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Elisa Ledet
- Louisiana State University ICPCG Group, New Orleans, LA USA
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - William D. Foulkes
- ACTANE (Anglo/Canadian/Texan/Australian/Norwegian/EU Biomed) Consortium ICPCG Group, Surrey, UK
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Nancy Hamel
- ACTANE (Anglo/Canadian/Texan/Australian/Norwegian/EU Biomed) Consortium ICPCG Group, Surrey, UK
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Lovise Mahle
- ACTANE (Anglo/Canadian/Texan/Australian/Norwegian/EU Biomed) Consortium ICPCG Group, Surrey, UK
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pal Moller
- ACTANE (Anglo/Canadian/Texan/Australian/Norwegian/EU Biomed) Consortium ICPCG Group, Surrey, UK
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isaac Powell
- African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer ICPCG Group, Detroit, MI USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
| | - Joan E. Bailey-Wilson
- African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer ICPCG Group, Detroit, MI USA
- Inherited Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - John D. Carpten
- African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer ICPCG Group, Detroit, MI USA
- Genetic Basis of Human Disease Research Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ USA
| | | | - Kathleen A. Cooney
- University of Michigan ICPCG Group, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
| | - William B. Isaacs
- Johns Hopkins University ICPCG Group, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Marburg 115, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
| | - International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics
- Data Coordinating Center for the ICPCG, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC USA
- University of Michigan ICPCG Group, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Departments of Genetics and Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Mayo Clinic ICPGC Group, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
- University of Utah ICPCG Group, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC) ICPCG Group, Seattle, WA USA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, FHCRC, Seattle, WA USA
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
- Johns Hopkins University ICPCG Group, Baltimore, MD USA
- Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Marburg 115, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287 USA
- University of Ulm ICPCG Group, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- University of Tampere ICPCG Group, University of Tampere and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biomedical Technology/BioMediTech, University of Tampere and Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN USA
- CeRePP ICPCG Group, Paris, France
- Department of Urology, APHP, Hospital Tenon, Paris, France
- CeRePP UPMC University, Paris, France
- Karolinska ICPCG Group, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- ACTANE (Anglo/Canadian/Texan/Australian/Norwegian/EU Biomed) Consortium ICPCG Group, Surrey, UK
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
- Strangeways Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- BC/CA/HI ICPCG Group, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA
- Department of Urology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytical Epidemiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Northwestern University ICPCG Group, Chicago, IL USA
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL USA
- Louisiana State University ICPCG Group, New Orleans, LA USA
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA USA
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC Canada
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer ICPCG Group, Detroit, MI USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI USA
- Inherited Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
- Genetic Basis of Human Disease Research Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ USA
- National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA
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7
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Jin G, Lu L, Cooney KA, Ray AM, Zuhlke KA, Lange EM, Cannon-Albright LA, Camp NJ, Teerlink CC, FitzGerald LM, Stanford JL, Wiley KE, Isaacs SD, Walsh PC, Foulkes WD, Giles GG, Hopper JL, Severi G, Eeles R, Easton D, Kote-Jarai Z, Guy M, Rinckleb A, Maier C, Vogel W, Cancel-Tassin G, Egrot C, Cussenot O, Thibodeau SN, McDonnell SK, Schaid DJ, Wiklund F, Grönberg H, Emanuelsson M, Whittemore AS, Oakley-Girvan I, Hsieh CL, Wahlfors T, Tammela T, Schleutker J, Catalona WJ, Zheng SL, Ostrander EA, Isaacs WB, Xu J. Validation of prostate cancer risk-related loci identified from genome-wide association studies using family-based association analysis: evidence from the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics (ICPCG). Hum Genet 2012; 131:1095-103. [PMID: 22198737 PMCID: PMC3535428 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-011-1136-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple prostate cancer (PCa) risk-related loci have been discovered by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) based on case-control designs. However, GWAS findings may be confounded by population stratification if cases and controls are inadvertently drawn from different genetic backgrounds. In addition, since these loci were identified in cases with predominantly sporadic disease, little is known about their relationships with hereditary prostate cancer (HPC). The association between seventeen reported PCa susceptibility loci was evaluated with a family-based association test using 1,979 hereditary PCa families of European descent collected by members of the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics, with a total of 5,730 affected men. The risk alleles for 8 of the 17 loci were significantly over-transmitted from parents to affected offspring, including SNPs residing in 8q24 (regions 1, 2 and 3), 10q11, 11q13, 17q12 (region 1), 17q24 and Xp11. In subgroup analyses, three loci, at 8q24 (regions 1 and 2) plus 17q12, were significantly over-transmitted in hereditary PCa families with five or more affected members, while loci at 3p12, 8q24 (region 2), 11q13, 17q12 (region 1), 17q24 and Xp11 were significantly over-transmitted in HPC families with an average age of diagnosis at 65 years or less. Our results indicate that at least a subset of PCa risk-related loci identified by case-control GWAS are also associated with disease risk in HPC families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangfu Jin
- Data Coordinating Center for the ICPCG and Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157, USA
| | - Lingyi Lu
- Data Coordinating Center for the ICPCG and Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Cooney
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Urology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. University of Michigan ICPCG Group, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Anna M. Ray
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Urology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. University of Michigan ICPCG Group, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Kimberly A. Zuhlke
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Urology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. University of Michigan ICPCG Group, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Ethan M. Lange
- Departments of Genetics and Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lisa A. Cannon-Albright
- University of Utah ICPCG Group, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA. George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84148, USA. University of Michigan ICPCG Group, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Nicola J. Camp
- University of Utah ICPCG Group, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Craig C. Teerlink
- University of Utah ICPCG Group, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Liesel M. FitzGerald
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kathleen E. Wiley
- Johns Hopkins University ICPCG Group, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sarah D. Isaacs
- Johns Hopkins University ICPCG Group, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Patrick C. Walsh
- Johns Hopkins University ICPCG Group, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - William D. Foulkes
- Program in Cancer Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia. Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia. Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic, and Analytic Epidemiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ros Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Doug Easton
- Departments of Public Health and Primary Care and Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | | | - Michelle Guy
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Antje Rinckleb
- Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. Institute for Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christiane Maier
- Department of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany. Institute for Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Walther Vogel
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Geraldine Cancel-Tassin
- CeRePP ICPCG Group, Hopital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Christophe Egrot
- CeRePP ICPCG Group, Hopital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cussenot
- CeRePP ICPCG Group, Hopital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, 75020 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Daniel J. Schaid
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Grönberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Alice S. Whittemore
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ingrid Oakley-Girvan
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, 2201 Walnut Ave Suite 300, Fremont, CA 94538, USA. Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chih-Lin Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Tiina Wahlfors
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, BioMediTech, Tampere, Finland. Centre for Laboratory Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Teuvo Tammela
- Department of Urology, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - William J. Catalona
- Northwestern University ICPCG Group, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - S. Lilly Zheng
- Data Coordinating Center for the ICPCG and Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157, USA
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William B. Isaacs
- Johns Hopkins University ICPCG Group, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Data Coordinating Center for the ICPCG and Center for Cancer Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157, USA
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8
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Bailey-Wilson JE, Childs EJ, Cropp CD, Schaid DJ, Xu J, Camp NJ, Cannon-Albright LA, Farnham JM, George A, Powell I, Carpten JD, Giles GG, Hopper JL, Severi G, English DR, Foulkes WD, Mæhle L, Møller P, Eeles R, Easton D, Guy M, Edwards S, Badzioch MD, Whittemore AS, Oakley-Girvan I, Hsieh CL, Dimitrov L, Stanford JL, Karyadi DM, Deutsch K, McIntosh L, Ostrander EA, Wiley KE, Isaacs SD, Walsh PC, Thibodeau SN, McDonnell SK, Hebbring S, Lange EM, Cooney KA, Tammela TLJ, Schleutker J, Maier C, Bochum S, Hoegel J, Grönberg H, Wiklund F, Emanuelsson M, Cancel-Tassin G, Valeri A, Cussenot O, Isaacs WB. Analysis of Xq27-28 linkage in the international consortium for prostate cancer genetics (ICPCG) families. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2012; 13:46. [PMID: 22712434 PMCID: PMC3495053 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-13-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 04/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants are likely to contribute to a portion of prostate cancer risk. Full elucidation of the genetic etiology of prostate cancer is difficult because of incomplete penetrance and genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Current evidence suggests that genetic linkage to prostate cancer has been found on several chromosomes including the X; however, identification of causative genes has been elusive. METHODS Parametric and non-parametric linkage analyses were performed using 26 microsatellite markers in each of 11 groups of multiple-case prostate cancer families from the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics (ICPCG). Meta-analyses of the resultant family-specific linkage statistics across the entire 1,323 families and in several predefined subsets were then performed. RESULTS Meta-analyses of linkage statistics resulted in a maximum parametric heterogeneity lod score (HLOD) of 1.28, and an allele-sharing lod score (LOD) of 2.0 in favor of linkage to Xq27-q28 at 138 cM. In subset analyses, families with average age at onset less than 65 years exhibited a maximum HLOD of 1.8 (at 138 cM) versus a maximum regional HLOD of only 0.32 in families with average age at onset of 65 years or older. Surprisingly, the subset of families with only 2-3 affected men and some evidence of male-to-male transmission of prostate cancer gave the strongest evidence of linkage to the region (HLOD = 3.24, 134 cM). For this subset, the HLOD was slightly increased (HLOD = 3.47 at 134 cM) when families used in the original published report of linkage to Xq27-28 were excluded. CONCLUSIONS Although there was not strong support for linkage to the Xq27-28 region in the complete set of families, the subset of families with earlier age at onset exhibited more evidence of linkage than families with later onset of disease. A subset of families with 2-3 affected individuals and with some evidence of male to male disease transmission showed stronger linkage signals. Our results suggest that the genetic basis for prostate cancer in our families is much more complex than a single susceptibility locus on the X chromosome, and that future explorations of the Xq27-28 region should focus on the subset of families identified here with the strongest evidence of linkage to this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan E Bailey-Wilson
- Inherited Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer ICPCG Group, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- University of Tampere ICPCG Group, Tampere, Finland
| | - Erica J Childs
- Inherited Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cheryl D Cropp
- Inherited Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Daniel J Schaid
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Data Coordinating Center for the ICPCG and Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Nicola J Camp
- University of Utah ICPCG Group and Division of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa A Cannon-Albright
- University of Utah ICPCG Group and Division of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- George E. Wahlen Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - James M Farnham
- University of Utah ICPCG Group and Division of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Asha George
- Inherited Disease Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer ICPCG Group, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isaac Powell
- African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer ICPCG Group, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - John D Carpten
- African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer ICPCG Group, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Genetic Basis of Human Disease Research Division, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Graham G Giles
- ACTANE consortium
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John L Hopper
- ACTANE consortium
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- ACTANE consortium
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dallas R English
- ACTANE consortium
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William D Foulkes
- ACTANE consortium
- Program in Cancer Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lovise Mæhle
- ACTANE consortium
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo,Norway
| | - Pål Møller
- ACTANE consortium
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo,Norway
| | - Rosalind Eeles
- ACTANE consortium
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - Douglas Easton
- ACTANE consortium
- Cancer Research UK Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michelle Guy
- ACTANE consortium
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - Steve Edwards
- ACTANE consortium
- Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - Michael D Badzioch
- ACTANE consortium
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- BC/CA/HI ICPCG Group, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ingrid Oakley-Girvan
- BC/CA/HI ICPCG Group, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California
| | - Chih-Lin Hsieh
- BC/CA/HI ICPCG Group, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Urology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Ageles, CA, USA
| | - Latchezar Dimitrov
- Data Coordinating Center for the ICPCG and Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Janet L Stanford
- FHCRC ICPCG Group, Seattle, WA, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Danielle M Karyadi
- FHCRC ICPCG Group, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kerry Deutsch
- FHCRC ICPCG Group, Seattle, WA, USA
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura McIntosh
- FHCRC ICPCG Group, Seattle, WA, USA
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- FHCRC ICPCG Group, Seattle, WA, USA
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen E Wiley
- Johns Hopkins University ICPCG Group and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah D Isaacs
- Johns Hopkins University ICPCG Group and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick C Walsh
- Johns Hopkins University ICPCG Group and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ethan M Lange
- University of Michigan ICPCG Group, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen A Cooney
- University of Michigan ICPCG Group, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Teuvo LJ Tammela
- University of Tampere ICPCG Group, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Centre for Laboratory Medicine and Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- University of Tampere ICPCG Group, Tampere, Finland
- Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
- Centre for Laboratory Medicine and Department of Urology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Christiane Maier
- University of Ulm ICPCG Group, Ulm, Germany
- Dept of Urology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sylvia Bochum
- University of Ulm ICPCG Group, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Josef Hoegel
- University of Ulm ICPCG Group, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Henrik Grönberg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Cussenot
- CeRePP ICPCG Group, 75020, Paris, France
- Hopital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, 75020, Paris, France
| | - William B Isaacs
- Johns Hopkins University ICPCG Group and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
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9
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Lu L, Cancel-Tassin G, Valeri A, Cussenot O, Lange EM, Cooney KA, Farnham JM, Camp NJ, Cannon-Albright LA, Tammela TL, Schleutker J, Hoegel J, Herkommer K, Maier C, Vogel W, Wiklund F, Emanuelsson M, Grönberg H, Wiley KE, Isaacs SD, Walsh PC, Helfand BT, Kan D, Catalona WJ, Stanford JL, FitzGerald LM, Johanneson B, Deutsch K, McIntosh L, Ostrander EA, Thibodeau SN, McDonnell SK, Hebbring S, Schaid DJ, Whittemore AS, Oakley-Girvan I, Hsieh CL, Powell I, Bailey-Wilson JE, Carpten JD, Seminara D, Zheng SL, Xu J, Giles GG, Severi G, Hopper JL, English DR, Foulkes WD, Maehle L, Moller P, Badzioch MD, Edwards S, Guy M, Eeles R, Easton D, Isaacs WB. Chromosomes 4 and 8 implicated in a genome wide SNP linkage scan of 762 prostate cancer families collected by the ICPCG. Prostate 2012; 72:410-26. [PMID: 21748754 PMCID: PMC3568777 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/25/2011] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of intensive efforts, understanding of the genetic aspects of familial prostate cancer (PC) remains largely incomplete. In a previous microsatellite-based linkage scan of 1,233 PC families, we identified suggestive evidence for linkage (i.e., LOD ≥ 1.86) at 5q12, 15q11, 17q21, 22q12, and two loci on 8p, with additional regions implicated in subsets of families defined by age at diagnosis, disease aggressiveness, or number of affected members. METHODS In an attempt to replicate these findings and increase linkage resolution, we used the Illumina 6000 SNP linkage panel to perform a genome-wide linkage scan of an independent set of 762 multiplex PC families, collected by 11 International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics (ICPCG) groups. RESULTS Of the regions identified previously, modest evidence of replication was observed only on the short arm of chromosome 8, where HLOD scores of 1.63 and 3.60 were observed in the complete set of families and families with young average age at diagnosis, respectively. The most significant linkage signals found in the complete set of families were observed across a broad, 37 cM interval on 4q13-25, with LOD scores ranging from 2.02 to 2.62, increasing to 4.50 in families with older average age at diagnosis. In families with multiple cases presenting with more aggressive disease, LOD scores over 3.0 were observed at 8q24 in the vicinity of previously identified common PC risk variants, as well as MYC, an important gene in PC biology. CONCLUSIONS These results will be useful in prioritizing future susceptibility gene discovery efforts in this common cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyi Lu
- Data Coordinating Center for the ICPCG and Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Geraldine Cancel-Tassin
- CeRePP ICPCG Group, Hopital Tenon, Assistance publique-Hopitaux de Paris, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Antoine Valeri
- CeRePP ICPCG Group, Hopital Tenon, Assistance publique-Hopitaux de Paris, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Cussenot
- CeRePP ICPCG Group, Hopital Tenon, Assistance publique-Hopitaux de Paris, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Ethan M. Lange
- University of Michigan ICPCG Group
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen A. Cooney
- University of Michigan ICPCG Group
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James M. Farnham
- University of Utah ICPCG Group, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Nicola J. Camp
- University of Utah ICPCG Group, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Lisa A. Cannon-Albright
- University of Utah ICPCG Group, Division of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Teuvo L.J. Tammela
- University of Tampere ICPCG Group, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- University of Tampere ICPCG Group, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Josef Hoegel
- University of Ulm ICPCG Group
- Institut fuer Humangenetik, Universitaet Ulm, Germany
| | - Kathleen Herkommer
- University of Ulm ICPCG Group
- Urologische Klinik, Universität Ulm, Germany
- Urologische Klinik rechts der Isar, Technische Universitaet Muenchen, Germany
| | - Christiane Maier
- University of Ulm ICPCG Group
- Institut fuer Humangenetik, Universitaet Ulm, Germany
| | - Walther Vogel
- University of Ulm ICPCG Group
- Institut fuer Humangenetik, Universitaet Ulm, Germany
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Karolinska Institute ICPCG Group
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monica Emanuelsson
- Karolinska Institute ICPCG Group
- Oncologic Centre, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Grönberg
- Karolinska Institute ICPCG Group
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kathleen E. Wiley
- Johns Hopkins University ICPCG Group and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah D. Isaacs
- Johns Hopkins University ICPCG Group and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Patrick C. Walsh
- Johns Hopkins University ICPCG Group and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian T. Helfand
- Northwestern University ICPCG group, Department of Urology, Northwestern University Chicago, IL USA
| | - Donghui Kan
- Northwestern University ICPCG group, Department of Urology, Northwestern University Chicago, IL USA
| | - William J. Catalona
- Northwestern University ICPCG group, Department of Urology, Northwestern University Chicago, IL USA
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- FHCRC ICPCG Group
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Liesel M. FitzGerald
- FHCRC ICPCG Group
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bo Johanneson
- FHCRC ICPCG Group
- Cancer Genetics Branch, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kerry Deutsch
- FHCRC ICPCG Group
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura McIntosh
- FHCRC ICPCG Group
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- FHCRC ICPCG Group
- Cancer Genetics Branch, NHGRI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Alice S. Whittemore
- BC/CA/HI ICPCG Group
- Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford School of Medicine, CA, USA
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stanford School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Ingrid Oakley-Girvan
- BC/CA/HI ICPCG Group
- Stanford Comprehensive Cancer Center, Stanford School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - Chih-Lin Hsieh
- BC/CA/HI ICPCG Group
- Department of Urology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, CA, USA
| | - Isaac Powell
- African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer ICPCG Group
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Joan E. Bailey-Wilson
- African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer ICPCG Group
- National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John D. Carpten
- African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer ICPCG Group
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Genetic Basis of Human Disease Research Division, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - S. Lilly Zheng
- Data Coordinating Center for the ICPCG and Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Data Coordinating Center for the ICPCG and Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Graham G. Giles
- ACTANE Consortium ICPCG Group
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- ACTANE Consortium ICPCG Group
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, The Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John L. Hopper
- ACTANE Consortium ICPCG Group
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dallas R. English
- ACTANE Consortium ICPCG Group
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - William D. Foulkes
- ACTANE Consortium ICPCG Group
- Program in Cancer Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lovise Maehle
- ACTANE Consortium ICPCG Group
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pal Moller
- ACTANE Consortium ICPCG Group
- The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael D. Badzioch
- ACTANE Consortium ICPCG Group
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Steve Edwards
- ACTANE Consortium ICPCG Group
- Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - Michelle Guy
- ACTANE Consortium ICPCG Group
- Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - Ros Eeles
- ACTANE Consortium ICPCG Group
- Institute of Cancer Research, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK
| | - Douglas Easton
- ACTANE Consortium ICPCG Group
- Cancer Research UK Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - William B. Isaacs
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
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10
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Lessard L, Labbé DP, Deblois G, Bégin LR, Hardy S, Mes-Masson AM, Saad F, Trotman LC, Giguère V, Tremblay ML. PTP1B is an androgen receptor-regulated phosphatase that promotes the progression of prostate cancer. Cancer Res 2012; 72:1529-37. [PMID: 22282656 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) signaling axis plays a key role in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. In this study, we found that the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B, a well-established regulator of metabolic signaling, was induced after androgen stimulation of AR-expressing prostate cancer cells. PTP1B induction by androgen occurred at the mRNA and protein levels to increase PTP1B activity. High-resolution chromosome mapping revealed AR recruitment to two response elements within the first intron of the PTP1B encoding gene PTPN1, correlating with an AR-mediated increase in RNA polymerase II recruitment to the PTPN1 transcriptional start site. We found that PTPN1 and AR genes were coamplified in metastatic tumors and that PTPN1 amplification was associated with a subset of high-risk primary tumors. Functionally, PTP1B depletion delayed the growth of androgen-dependent human prostate tumors and impaired androgen-induced cell migration and invasion in vitro. However, PTP1B was also required for optimal cell migration of androgen-independent cells. Collectively, our results established the AR as a transcriptional regulator of PTPN1 transcription and implicated PTP1B in a tumor-promoting role in prostate cancer. Our findings support the preclinical testing of PTP1B inhibitors for prostate cancer treatment.
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11
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Witte JS, Hoffmann TJ. Polygenic modeling of genome-wide association studies: an application to prostate and breast cancer. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2011; 15:393-8. [PMID: 21348634 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2010.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully detected and replicated associations with numerous diseases, including cancers of the prostate and breast. These findings are helping clarify the genomic basis of such diseases, but appear to explain little of disease heritability. This limitation might reflect the focus of conventional GWAS on a small set of the most statistically significant associations with disease. More information might be obtained by analyzing GWAS using a polygenic model, which allows for the possibility that thousands of genetic variants could impact disease. Furthermore, there may exist common polygenic effects between potentially related phenotypes (e.g., prostate and breast cancer). Here we present and apply a polygenic model to GWAS of prostate and breast cancer. Our results indicate that the polygenic model can explain an increasing--albeit low--amount of heritability for both of these cancers, even when excluding the most statistically significant associations. In addition, nonaggressive prostate cancer and breast cancer appear to share a common polygenic model, potentially reflecting a similar underlying biology. This supports the further development and application of polygenic models to genomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Witte
- Institute for Human Genetics, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
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12
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Abstract
BACKGROUND family history of prostate cancer is a risk factor for prostate cancer occurrence. Differently from other neoplasms no major predisposing gene has been identified. MATERIAL AND METHODS this review article presents the controversial results of studies about the prognostic and predictive role of family history in prostate cancer, reports the discovered predisposing genes, and biologic and pathologic findings. RESULTS mortality from PC remains a significant health care problem, but no trial investigated if it changed in presence of positive family history. The largest family study yet published concluded that men with family history are diagnosed and die at earlier ages than men without it. However, it failed to stress the prognostic value of family history. Genome-wide association studies of prostate cancer have identified a number of genetic variants at different loci in different populations. Prostate neoplasms of patients with positive family history exhibit a different pattern of expression of genes related with estrogen and androgen metabolism within the tumor. High-penetrance and low-penetrance genes in diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer, difficulties to define a classification and to quantify relative risks of single genes, documented gene-environment interactions are discussed. CONCLUSION family history stands for both shared genetic and environmental factors and their interaction. The availability of prostate-specific antigen test could explain partly the high familial risk, among brothers or shortly after the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Polymorphisms in genes associated with prostate cancer probably represent the most part of familial prostate cancer burden. An increasing knowledge of disregulated cellular pathways of lethal prostate cancer could define which of all genetic alterations have a role in defining new preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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13
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Christensen GB, Baffoe-Bonnie AB, George A, Powell I, Bailey-Wilson JE, Carpten JD, Giles GG, Hopper JL, Severi G, English DR, Foulkes WD, Maehle L, Moller P, Eeles R, Easton D, Badzioch MD, Whittemore AS, Oakley-Girvan I, Hsieh CL, Dimitrov L, Xu J, Stanford JL, Johanneson B, Deutsch K, McIntosh L, Ostrander EA, Wiley KE, Isaacs SD, Walsh PC, Isaacs WB, Thibodeau SN, McDonnell SK, Hebbring S, Schaid DJ, Lange EM, Cooney KA, Tammela TLJ, Schleutker J, Paiss T, Maier C, Grönberg H, Wiklund F, Emanuelsson M, Farnham JM, Cannon-Albright LA, Camp NJ. Genome-wide linkage analysis of 1,233 prostate cancer pedigrees from the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics using novel sumLINK and sumLOD analyses. Prostate 2010; 70:735-44. [PMID: 20333727 PMCID: PMC3428045 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PC) is generally believed to have a strong inherited component, but the search for susceptibility genes has been hindered by the effects of genetic heterogeneity. The recently developed sumLINK and sumLOD statistics are powerful tools for linkage analysis in the presence of heterogeneity. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of 1,233 PC pedigrees from the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics (ICPCG) using two novel statistics, the sumLINK and sumLOD. For both statistics, dominant and recessive genetic models were considered. False discovery rate (FDR) analysis was conducted to assess the effects of multiple testing. RESULTS Our analysis identified significant linkage evidence at chromosome 22q12, confirming previous findings by the initial conventional analyses of the same ICPCG data. Twelve other regions were identified with genome-wide suggestive evidence for linkage. Seven regions (1q23, 5q11, 5q35, 6p21, 8q12, 11q13, 20p11-q11) are near loci previously identified in the initial ICPCG pooled data analysis or the subset of aggressive PC pedigrees. Three other regions (1p12, 8p23, 19q13) confirm loci reported by others, and two (2p24, 6q27) are novel susceptibility loci. FDR testing indicates that over 70% of these results are likely true positive findings. Statistical recombinant mapping narrowed regions to an average of 9 cM. CONCLUSIONS Our results represent genomic regions with the greatest consistency of positive linkage evidence across a very large collection of high-risk PC pedigrees using new statistical tests that deal powerfully with heterogeneity. These regions are excellent candidates for further study to identify PC predisposition genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bryce Christensen
- University of Utah ICPCG Group and Division of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA.
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14
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Christensen GB, Knight S, Camp NJ. The sumLINK statistic for genetic linkage analysis in the presence of heterogeneity. Genet Epidemiol 2010; 33:628-36. [PMID: 19217022 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.20414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We present the "sumLINK" statistic--the sum of multipoint LOD scores for the subset of pedigrees with nominally significant linkage evidence at a given locus--as an alternative to common methods to identify susceptibility loci in the presence of heterogeneity. We also suggest the "sumLOD" statistic (the sum of positive multipoint LOD scores) as a companion to the sumLINK. sumLINK analysis identifies genetic regions of extreme consistency across pedigrees without regard to negative evidence from unlinked or uninformative pedigrees. Significance is determined by an innovative permutation procedure based on genome shuffling that randomizes linkage information across pedigrees. This procedure for generating the empirical null distribution may be useful for other linkage-based statistics as well. Using 500 genome-wide analyses of simulated null data, we show that the genome shuffling procedure results in the correct type 1 error rates for both the sumLINK and sumLOD. The power of the statistics was tested using 100 sets of simulated genome-wide data from the alternative hypothesis from GAW13. Finally, we illustrate the statistics in an analysis of 190 aggressive prostate cancer pedigrees from the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics, where we identified a new susceptibility locus. We propose that the sumLINK and sumLOD are ideal for collaborative projects and meta-analyses, as they do not require any sharing of identifiable data between contributing institutions. Further, loci identified with the sumLINK have good potential for gene localization via statistical recombinant mapping, as, by definition, several linked pedigrees contribute to each peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- G B Christensen
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108-1266, USA.
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15
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An empirical comparison of meta-analyses of published gene-disease associations versus consortium analyses. Genet Med 2009; 11:153-62. [PMID: 19367188 DOI: 10.1097/gim.0b013e3181929237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Consortia of investigators currently compile sufficiently large sample sizes to investigate the effects of low-risk susceptibility genetic variants. It is not clear how the results obtained by consortia compare with those derived from meta-analyses of published studies. METHODS We performed meta-analyses of published data for 16 genetic polymorphisms investigated by the Breast Cancer Association Consortium, and compared sample sizes, heterogeneity, and effect sizes. PubMed, Web of Science, and Human Genome Epidemiology Network databases were searched for breast cancer case-control association studies. RESULTS We found that meta-analyses of published data and consortium analyses were based on substantially different data. Published data by non-consortium teams amounted on average to 26.9% of all available data (range 3.0 -50.0%). Both approaches showed statistically significant decreased breast cancer risks for CASP8 D302H. The meta-analyses of published data demonstrated statistically significant results for five other genes and the consortium analyses for two other genes, but the strength of this evidence, evaluated on the basis of the Venice criteria, was not strong. CONCLUSIONS Because both approaches identified the same gene out of 16 candidates, the methods can be complimentary. The expense and complexity of consortium-based studies should be considered vis-à-vis the potential methodological limitations of synthesis of published studies.
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16
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Abstract
In developed countries, prostate cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer, and the third most common cause of death from cancer in men. Apart from age and ethnic origin, a positive family history is probably the strongest known risk factor. Clinically, prostate cancer is diagnosed as local or advanced, and treatments range from surveillance to radical local treatment or androgen-deprivation treatment. Androgen deprivation reduces symptoms in about 70-80% of patients with advanced prostate cancer, but most tumours relapse within 2 years to an incurable androgen-independent state. The recorded incidence of prostate cancer has substantially increased in the past two decades, probably because of the introduction of screening with prostate-specific antigen, the use of improved biopsy techniques for diagnosis, and increased public awareness. Trends in mortality from the disease are less clearcut. Mortality changes are not of the same magnitude as the changes in incidence, and in some countries mortality has been stable or even decreased. The disparity between reported incidence and mortality rates leads to the probable conclusion that only a small proportion of diagnosed low-risk prostate cancers will progress to life-threatening disease during the lifetime of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Erik Damber
- Department of Urology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Helfand BT, Loeb S, Cashy J, Meeks JJ, Thaxton CS, Han M, Catalona WJ. Tumor characteristics of carriers and noncarriers of the deCODE 8q24 prostate cancer susceptibility alleles. J Urol 2008; 179:2197-201; discussion 2202. [PMID: 18423739 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2008.01.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In collaboration with deCODE Genetics Inc. we previously reported on the association between genetic variants on chromosome 8q24 and prostate cancer susceptibility. Several prior studies have examined the relationship between these 8q24 alleles and clinical tumor features. In this study we examine the differences in clinical and pathological tumor features between carriers and noncarriers of these 8q24 alleles in patients with prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We genotyped 551 white men who underwent radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer at single institution between 2002 and 2005. Of these men 177 (32.1%) were carriers of the -8 allele of the microsatellite marker DG8S737, the A allele of the single nucleotide polymorphism rs1447295 and/or the A allele of the rs16901979 (a surrogate single nucleotide polymorphism of HapC) 8q24 alleles. We used statistical analyses to compare the distribution of clinical characteristics and pathological outcomes between carriers and noncarriers. RESULTS The -8, A and HapC surrogate single nucleotide polymorphism alleles were present in 77 (14%), 128 (23%) and 61 (14%) patients with prostate cancer, respectively. Carriers of the -8 or multiple 8q24 alleles were significantly more likely to have a Gleason score of 7 or greater and lymph node metastases. Among men with a family history of prostate cancer, carriers of the -8 allele had a significantly greater risk of high grade disease (64% vs 39%, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS In our predominantly surgically treated population there was a significant association between 8q24 prostate cancer susceptibility alleles, particularly the -8 allele, and high grade disease. In men with a family history of prostate cancer the presence of 1 or more of these alleles also conferred a greater risk of some adverse pathological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Helfand
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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18
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Ostrander EA, Johannesson B. Prostate cancer susceptibility loci: finding the genes. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 617:179-90. [PMID: 18497042 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-69080-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Studies to date suggest that PC is a genetically very heterogeneous disease. High-risk families, in which multiple men are affected likely, reflect the contributions of a number of genes, some that are rare and highly penetrant, while others are more common and weakly penetrant. In this review, we have discussed only the first type of loci, and found that the identification of such genomic regions is a formidable problem. Replication between seemingly similar data sets is weak, likely reflecting the older age of onset associated with the disease, the inability to collect affected individuals from more than two generations in a family, and the variation seen in disease presentation, in addition to the underlying locus heterogeneity. Indeed, the definition of PC is ever changing, as diagnostic criteria and tools for pinpointing early lesions improve. Are we making progress? Clearly the answer is yes. The ability to divide large data sets into homogenous subset of families likely to share common genetic under-pinnings has improved power to identify loci and reproducibility between loci is now more common. Indeed, several groups report linkage to loci on chromosomes 1, 17, 19, and 22. Key to our continued success is our ever increasing ability to understand the disease. Identifying the subset of men who are likely to get clinically significant disease is the goal of genetic studies like these, and identifying the underlying loci is the key for developing diagnostics. The willingness of the community to work together has been an important factor in the successes the community has enjoyed to date, and will likely be as important as we move forward to untangle the genetics of this complex and common disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elanie A Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Camp NJ, Cannon-Albright LA, Farnham JM, Baffoe-Bonnie AB, George A, Powell I, Bailey-Wilson JE, Carpten JD, Giles GG, Hopper JL, Severi G, English DR, Foulkes WD, Maehle L, Moller P, Eeles R, Easton D, Badzioch MD, Whittemore AS, Oakley-Girvan I, Hsieh CL, Dimitrov L, Xu J, Stanford JL, Johanneson B, Deutsch K, McIntosh L, Ostrander EA, Wiley KE, Isaacs SD, Walsh PC, Thibodeau SN, McDonnell SK, Hebbring S, Schaid DJ, Lange EM, Cooney KA, Tammela TLJ, Schleutker J, Paiss T, Maier C, Grönberg H, Wiklund F, Emanuelsson M, Isaacs WB. Compelling evidence for a prostate cancer gene at 22q12.3 by the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics. Hum Mol Genet 2007; 16:1271-8. [PMID: 17478474 PMCID: PMC2653215 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddm075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, an analysis of 14 extended, high-risk Utah pedigrees localized in the chromosome 22q linkage region to 3.2 Mb at 22q12.3-13.1 (flanked on each side by three recombinants) contained 31 annotated genes. In this large, multi-centered, collaborative study, we performed statistical recombinant mapping in 54 pedigrees selected to be informative for recombinant mapping from nine member groups of the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics (ICPCG). These 54 pedigrees included the 14 extended pedigrees from Utah and 40 pedigrees from eight other ICPCG member groups. The additional 40 pedigrees were selected from a total pool of 1213 such that each pedigree was required to contain both at least four prostate cancer (PRCA) cases and exhibit evidence for linkage to the chromosome 22q region. The recombinant events in these 40 independent pedigrees confirmed the previously proposed region. Further, when all 54 pedigrees were considered, the three-recombinant consensus region was narrowed down by more than a megabase to 2.2 Mb at chromosome 22q12.3 flanked by D22S281 and D22S683. This narrower region eliminated 20 annotated genes from that previously proposed, leaving only 11 genes. This region at 22q12.3 is the most consistently identified and smallest linkage region for PRCA. This collaborative study by the ICPCG illustrates the value of consortium efforts and the continued utility of linkage analysis using informative pedigrees to localize genes for complex diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Camp
- University of Utah ICPCG Group and Division of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, 391 Chipeta Way, Suite D, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA.
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20
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Schaid DJ, McDonnell SK, Zarfas KE, Cunningham JM, Hebbring S, Thibodeau SN, Eeles RA, Easton DF, Foulkes WD, Simard J, Giles GG, Hopper JL, Mahle L, Moller P, Badzioch M, Bishop DT, Evans C, Edwards S, Meitz J, Bullock S, Hope Q, Guy M, Hsieh CL, Halpern J, Balise RR, Oakley-Girvan I, Whittemore AS, Xu J, Dimitrov L, Chang BL, Adams TS, Turner AR, Meyers DA, Friedrichsen DM, Deutsch K, Kolb S, Janer M, Hood L, Ostrander EA, Stanford JL, Ewing CM, Gielzak M, Isaacs SD, Walsh PC, Wiley KE, Isaacs WB, Lange EM, Ho LA, Beebe-Dimmer JL, Wood DP, Cooney KA, Seminara D, Ikonen T, Baffoe-Bonnie A, Fredriksson H, Matikainen MP, Tammela TLJ, Bailey-Wilson J, Schleutker J, Maier C, Herkommer K, Hoegel JJ, Vogel W, Paiss T, Wiklund F, Emanuelsson M, Stenman E, Jonsson BA, Grönberg H, Camp NJ, Farnham J, Cannon-Albright LA, Catalona WJ, Suarez BK, Roehl KA. Pooled genome linkage scan of aggressive prostate cancer: results from the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics. Hum Genet 2006; 120:471-85. [PMID: 16932970 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-006-0219-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2006] [Accepted: 06/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
While it is widely appreciated that prostate cancers vary substantially in their propensity to progress to a life-threatening stage, the molecular events responsible for this progression have not been identified. Understanding these molecular mechanisms could provide important prognostic information relevant to more effective clinical management of this heterogeneous cancer. Hence, through genetic linkage analyses, we examined the hypothesis that the tendency to develop aggressive prostate cancer may have an important genetic component. Starting with 1,233 familial prostate cancer families with genome scan data available from the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics, we selected those that had at least three members with the phenotype of clinically aggressive prostate cancer, as defined by either high tumor grade and/or stage, resulting in 166 pedigrees (13%). Genome-wide linkage data were then pooled to perform a combined linkage analysis for these families. Linkage signals reaching a suggestive level of significance were found on chromosomes 6p22.3 (LOD = 3.0), 11q14.1-14.3 (LOD = 2.4), and 20p11.21-q11.21 (LOD = 2.5). For chromosome 11, stronger evidence of linkage (LOD = 3.3) was observed among pedigrees with an average at diagnosis of 65 years or younger. Other chromosomes that showed evidence for heterogeneity in linkage across strata were chromosome 7, with the strongest linkage signal among pedigrees without male-to-male disease transmission (7q21.11, LOD = 4.1), and chromosome 21, with the strongest linkage signal among pedigrees that had African American ancestry (21q22.13-22.3; LOD = 3.2). Our findings suggest several regions that may contain genes which, when mutated, predispose men to develop a more aggressive prostate cancer phenotype. This provides a basis for attempts to identify these genes, with potential clinical utility for men with aggressive prostate cancer and their relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Schaid
- Harwick 7, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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21
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Hebbring SJ, Fredriksson H, White KA, Maier C, Ewing C, McDonnell SK, Jacobsen SJ, Cerhan J, Schaid DJ, Ikonen T, Autio V, Tammela TLJ, Herkommer K, Paiss T, Vogel W, Gielzak M, Sauvageot J, Schleutker J, Cooney KA, Isaacs W, Thibodeau SN. Role of the Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome 1 Gene in Familial and Sporadic Prostate Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006; 15:935-8. [PMID: 16702373 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-05-0910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nijmegen breakage syndrome 1 (NBS1) gene, which participates in DNA double strand break repair, has been postulated to be a susceptibility factor for a number of cancers, including prostate cancer. Numerous mutations have been identified in NBS1, including the founder mutation 657del5. In this study, a number of analyses were done to determine whether mutations in NBS1 are associated with an increased risk for prostate cancer. The frequency of the 657del5 mutation in both familial prostate cancer cases (1,819 affected men among 909 families) and sporadic prostate cancer cases (1,218 affected men) collected from five centers participating in the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics were compared with that found in 697 normal controls. Seven individuals were identified to carry the mutation among the 3,037 cases screened: four in the familial group (three from one family and one from another) and three in the sporadic cases. The carrier frequency was 0.22% (2 of 909) for the probands and 0.25% (3 of 1,218) for the sporadic cases of prostate cancer. The 657del5 mutation was not detected in either the 293 unaffected members of the prostate cancer families or in the 697 control samples tested. The entire NBS1 gene was also sequenced in 20 of the youngest affected individuals from the Finnish group of familial cases to identify the presence of possible mutations in this high-risk group. One rare (D95N) and one common (E185Q) missense alteration was identified. More detailed analyses of the E185Q polymorphism, along with a third rare variant (R215W), failed to show an association with prostate cancer. Because the 657del5 mutation was absent from the control population, we are unable to determine if this alteration predisposes to prostate cancer. However, our data does suggest that mutations within NBS1, and in particular, 657del5, do not significantly contribute to the overall prostate cancer burden within our patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Hebbring
- Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 First Street Southwest, 920 Hilton Building, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Camp NJ, Farnham JM, Cannon Albright LA. Genomic search for prostate cancer predisposition loci in Utah pedigrees. Prostate 2005; 65:365-74. [PMID: 16037989 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report a genome linkage scan in extended Utah pedigrees, utilizing a pedigree-splitting approach to reduce intra-familial heterogeneity. METHODS Fifty-nine pedigrees with at least four Prostate cancer (PrCa) cases and no more than two meioses separating PrCa cases were analyzed using the CIDR genomic search STRP marker set. Parametric linkage analyses using dominant and recessive models were performed on four datasets resulting from a pedigree splitting algorithm. In addition, age at diagnosis subset analyses were performed. RESULTS Four regions of interest (LODs>1.9) were identified on chromosomes 1p, 3q, 5q, and 22q. The linkage peaks on 1p, 3q, and 22q have been previously implicated for PrCa, though not significantly. The 1p region was supported by a single large Utah pedigree with a multipoint LOD score of 3.1. An additional 10 regions gave LOD scores>1.22 (nominal linkage evidence), including moderate evidence supporting the HPC20 region with a recessive model. CONCLUSIONS Our genome-wide search in the informative, extended Utah pedigrees continues to illustrate an ability to identify and replicate linkage peaks, and supports four regions of interest for PrCa predisposition genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola J Camp
- Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA
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Xu J, Dimitrov L, Chang BL, Adams TS, Turner AR, Meyers DA, Eeles RA, Easton DF, Foulkes WD, Simard J, Giles GG, Hopper JL, Mahle L, Moller P, Bishop T, Evans C, Edwards S, Meitz J, Bullock S, Hope Q, Hsieh CL, Halpern J, Balise RN, Oakley-Girvan I, Whittemore AS, Ewing CM, Gielzak M, Isaacs SD, Walsh PC, Wiley KE, Isaacs WB, Thibodeau SN, McDonnell SK, Cunningham JM, Zarfas KE, Hebbring S, Schaid DJ, Friedrichsen DM, Deutsch K, Kolb S, Badzioch M, Jarvik GP, Janer M, Hood L, Ostrander EA, Stanford JL, Lange EM, Beebe-Dimmer JL, Mohai CE, Cooney KA, Ikonen T, Baffoe-Bonnie A, Fredriksson H, Matikainen MP, Tammela TLJ, Bailey-Wilson J, Schleutker J, Maier C, Herkommer K, Hoegel JJ, Vogel W, Paiss T, Wiklund F, Emanuelsson M, Stenman E, Jonsson BA, Grönberg H, Camp NJ, Farnham J, Cannon-Albright LA, Seminara D. A combined genomewide linkage scan of 1,233 families for prostate cancer-susceptibility genes conducted by the international consortium for prostate cancer genetics. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 77:219-29. [PMID: 15988677 PMCID: PMC1224525 DOI: 10.1086/432377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 05/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence of the existence of major prostate cancer (PC)-susceptibility genes has been provided by multiple segregation analyses. Although genomewide screens have been performed in over a dozen independent studies, few chromosomal regions have been consistently identified as regions of interest. One of the major difficulties is genetic heterogeneity, possibly due to multiple, incompletely penetrant PC-susceptibility genes. In this study, we explored two approaches to overcome this difficulty, in an analysis of a large number of families with PC in the International Consortium for Prostate Cancer Genetics (ICPCG). One approach was to combine linkage data from a total of 1,233 families to increase the statistical power for detecting linkage. Using parametric (dominant and recessive) and nonparametric analyses, we identified five regions with "suggestive" linkage (LOD score >1.86): 5q12, 8p21, 15q11, 17q21, and 22q12. The second approach was to focus on subsets of families that are more likely to segregate highly penetrant mutations, including families with large numbers of affected individuals or early age at diagnosis. Stronger evidence of linkage in several regions was identified, including a "significant" linkage at 22q12, with a LOD score of 3.57, and five suggestive linkages (1q25, 8q13, 13q14, 16p13, and 17q21) in 269 families with at least five affected members. In addition, four additional suggestive linkages (3p24, 5q35, 11q22, and Xq12) were found in 606 families with mean age at diagnosis of < or = 65 years. Although it is difficult to determine the true statistical significance of these findings, a conservative interpretation of these results would be that if major PC-susceptibility genes do exist, they are most likely located in the regions generating suggestive or significant linkage signals in this large study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Xu
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Latchezar Dimitrov
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Bao-Li Chang
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Tamara S. Adams
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Aubrey R. Turner
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Deborah A. Meyers
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Rosalind A. Eeles
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - William D. Foulkes
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Jacques Simard
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Graham G. Giles
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - John L. Hopper
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Lovise Mahle
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Pal Moller
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Tim Bishop
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Chris Evans
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Steve Edwards
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Julia Meitz
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Sarah Bullock
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Questa Hope
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - ACTANE Consortium
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Chih-lin Hsieh
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Jerry Halpern
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Raymond N. Balise
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Ingrid Oakley-Girvan
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Alice S. Whittemore
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Charles M. Ewing
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Marta Gielzak
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Sarah D. Isaacs
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Patrick C. Walsh
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Kathleen E. Wiley
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - William B. Isaacs
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Stephen N. Thibodeau
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Shannon K. McDonnell
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Julie M. Cunningham
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Katherine E. Zarfas
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Scott Hebbring
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Daniel J. Schaid
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Danielle M. Friedrichsen
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Kerry Deutsch
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Michael Badzioch
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Gail P. Jarvik
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Marta Janer
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Leroy Hood
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Ethan M. Lange
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Jennifer L. Beebe-Dimmer
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Caroline E. Mohai
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Kathleen A. Cooney
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Tarja Ikonen
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Agnes Baffoe-Bonnie
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Henna Fredriksson
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Mika P. Matikainen
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Teuvo LJ Tammela
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Joan Bailey-Wilson
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Christiane Maier
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Kathleen Herkommer
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Josef J. Hoegel
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Walther Vogel
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Thomas Paiss
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Fredrik Wiklund
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Monica Emanuelsson
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Elisabeth Stenman
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Björn-Anders Jonsson
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Henrik Grönberg
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Nicola J. Camp
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - James Farnham
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Lisa A. Cannon-Albright
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
| | - Daniela Seminara
- Data Coordinating Center, ACTANE, BC/CA/HI, Johns Hopkins University, Mayo Clinic, PROGRESS, University of Michigan, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, University of Ulm, University of Umeå, University of Utah, and National Cancer Institute
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