1
|
Alshaker H, Hunter E, Salter M, Ramadass A, Westra W, Winkler M, Green J, Akoulitchev A, Pchejetski D. Monocytes acquire prostate cancer specific chromatin conformations upon indirect co-culture with prostate cancer cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:990842. [PMID: 36059613 PMCID: PMC9437316 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.990842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Three-dimensional chromosome loop conformations are powerful regulators of gene expression. These chromosome conformations can be detected both in tumour and in circulating cells and have significant disease biomarker potential. We have recently detected specific chromosome conformations in circulating cells of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) which were similar to ones found in their primary tumours, however, the possibility of horizontal transfer of chromosome conformations was not studied previously. Methods Human monocytes (U937) were co-cultured in Boyden chambers through 0.4 uM membrane with or without PC-3 human PCa cells or their conditioned media and a custom DNA microarray for 900,000 chromosomal loops covering all coding loci and non-coding RNA genes was performed on each part of the co-culture system. Results We have detected 684 PC-3 cell-specific chromosome conformations across the whole genome that were absent in naïve monocytes but appeared in monocytes co-cultured with PC-3 cells or with PC-3-conditioned media. Comparing PC3-specific conformations to the ones we have previously detected in systemic circulation of high-risk PCa patients revealed 9 positive loops present in both settings. Conclusions Our results demonstrate for the first time a proof of concept for horizontal transfer of chromosome conformations without direct cell-cell contact. This carries high clinical relevance as we have previously observed chromatin conformations in circulating cells of patients with melanoma and PCa similar to ones in their primary tumours. These changes can be used as highly specific biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Further studies are required to elucidate the specific mechanism of chromosome conformations transfer and its clinical significance in particular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba Alshaker
- School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan Hunter
- Oxford BioDynamics Limited, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Mathias Winkler
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jayne Green
- Oxford BioDynamics Limited, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Dmitri Pchejetski
- School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Dmitri Pchejetski,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Johnson JR, Woods-Burnham L, Hooker SE, Batai K, Kittles RA. Genetic Contributions to Prostate Cancer Disparities in Men of West African Descent. Front Oncol 2021; 11:770500. [PMID: 34820334 PMCID: PMC8606679 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.770500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of death in men worldwide, after adjusting for age. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, continents such as North America and Europe report higher incidence of PCa; however, mortality rates are highest among men of African ancestry in the western, southern, and central regions of Africa and the Caribbean. The American Cancer Society reports, African Americans (AAs), in the United States, have a 1.7 increased incidence and 2.4 times higher mortality rate, compared to European American's (EAs). Hence, early population history in west Africa and the subsequent African Diaspora may play an important role in understanding the global disproportionate burden of PCa shared among Africans and other men of African descent. Nonetheless, disparities involved in diagnosis, treatment, and survival of PCa patients has also been correlated to socioeconomic status, education and access to healthcare. Although recent studies suggest equal PCa treatments yield equal outcomes among patients, data illuminates an unsettling reality of disparities in treatment and care in both, developed and developing countries, especially for men of African descent. Yet, even after adjusting for the effects of the aforementioned factors; racial disparities in mortality rates remain significant. This suggests that molecular and genomic factors may account for much of PCa disparities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jabril R. Johnson
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Leanne Woods-Burnham
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Stanley E. Hooker
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ken Batai
- Department of Urology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Alshaker H, Mills R, Hunter E, Salter M, Ramadass A, Skinner BM, Westra W, Green J, Akoulitchev A, Winkler M, Pchejetski D. Chromatin conformation changes in peripheral blood can detect prostate cancer and stratify disease risk groups. J Transl Med 2021; 19:46. [PMID: 33509203 PMCID: PMC7845038 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-02710-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current diagnostic blood tests for prostate cancer (PCa) are unreliable for the early stage disease, resulting in numerous unnecessary prostate biopsies in men with benign disease and false reassurance of negative biopsies in men with PCa. Predicting the risk of PCa is pivotal for making an informed decision on treatment options as the 5-year survival rate in the low-risk group is more than 95% and most men would benefit from surveillance rather than active treatment. Three-dimensional genome architecture and chromosome structures undergo early changes during tumourigenesis both in tumour and in circulating cells and can serve as a disease biomarker. METHODS In this prospective study we screened whole blood of newly diagnosed, treatment naïve PCa patients (n = 140) and cancer-free controls (n = 96) for the presence of 14,241 chromosomal loops in the loci of 425 genes. RESULTS We have detected specific chromosome conformation changes in the loci of ETS1, MAP3K14, SLC22A3 and CASP2 genes in peripheral blood from PCa patients yielding PCa detection with 80% sensitivity and 80% specificity. Further analysis between PCa risk groups yielded prognostic validation sets consisting of HSD3B2, VEGFC, APAF1, BMP6, ERG, MSR1, MUC1, ACAT1 and DAPK1 genes that achieved 80% sensitivity and 93% specificity stratifying high-risk category 3 vs low risk category 1 and 84% sensitivity and 89% specificity stratifying high risk category 3 vs intermediate risk category 2 disease. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate specific chromosome conformations in the blood of PCa patients that allow PCa diagnosis and risk stratification with high sensitivity and specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba Alshaker
- School of Medicine, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Robert Mills
- Department of Urology, Norfolk and Norwich NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mathias Winkler
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
The impact of obesity and insulin resistance on thyroid cancer: A systematic review. Maturitas 2019; 125:45-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
5
|
Prostate Cancer Genomics: Recent Advances and the Prevailing Underrepresentation from Racial and Ethnic Minorities. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041255. [PMID: 29690565 PMCID: PMC5979433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (CaP) is the most commonly diagnosed non-cutaneous cancer and the second leading cause of male cancer deaths in the United States. Among African American (AA) men, CaP is the most prevalent malignancy, with disproportionately higher incidence and mortality rates. Even after discounting the influence of socioeconomic factors, the effect of molecular and genetic factors on racial disparity of CaP is evident. Earlier studies on the molecular basis for CaP disparity have focused on the influence of heritable mutations and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Most CaP susceptibility alleles identified based on genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were common, low-penetrance variants. Germline CaP-associated mutations that are highly penetrant, such as those found in HOXB13 and BRCA2, are usually rare. More recently, genomic studies enabled by Next-Gen Sequencing (NGS) technologies have focused on the identification of somatic mutations that contribute to CaP tumorigenesis. These studies confirmed the high prevalence of ERG gene fusions and PTEN deletions among Caucasian Americans and identified novel somatic alterations in SPOP and FOXA1 genes in early stages of CaP. Individuals with African ancestry and other minorities are often underrepresented in these large-scale genomic studies, which are performed primarily using tumors from men of European ancestry. The insufficient number of specimens from AA men and other minority populations, together with the heterogeneity in the molecular etiology of CaP across populations, challenge the generalizability of findings from these projects. Efforts to close this gap by sequencing larger numbers of tumor specimens from more diverse populations, although still at an early stage, have discovered distinct genomic alterations. These research findings can have a direct impact on the diagnosis of CaP, the stratification of patients for treatment, and can help to address the disparity in incidence and mortality of CaP. This review examines the progress of understanding in CaP genetics and genomics and highlight the need to increase the representation from minority populations.
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Zhou QX, Tang JQ, Zhao F, Wei FL, Huang Y. The P275A Polymorphism in the Macrophage Scavenger Receptor 1 Gene and Prostate Cancer Risk: a Meta-Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015. [PMID: 26225686 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.13.5407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Published data regarding associations between the P275A polymorphism in the macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) gene and prostate cancer (PCa) risk are inconclusive. The aim of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the genetic risk of P275A polymorphism in MSR1 gene for PCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature search was carried out in Pubmed, Medline (Ovid), Embase, CBM, CNKI, Weipu, and Wanfang databases, covering all available publications (last search was performed on Apr 27, 2015). Statistical analysis was performed using Revman 5.2 and STATA 10.1 software. RESULTS A total of 5,017 cases and 4,869 controls in 12 case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. When all groups were pooled, there was no evidence that the P275A polymorphism had a significant association with PCa under dominant (OR=0.93, 95%CI=0.81-1.06, and p=0.28), co-dominant (homogeneous OR=0.97, 95%CI=0.56-1.68, and p=0.92; heterogeneous OR=0.93, 95%CI=0.74-1.15, and p=0.49), recessive (OR=1.10, 95%CI=0.65-1.87, and p=0.73), over-dominant (OR=0.93, 95%CI=0.75-1.15, and p=0.50), and allelic (OR=0.95, 95%CI=0.77-1.16, and p=0.61) genetic models. For stratified analyses by ethnicity and study design, no significant associations were found in the white race, the yellow race, the black race and mixed ethnicity, and the population-based case-control (PCC) and hospital-based case-control (HCC) studies under all genetic models. CONCLUSIONS Based on our meta-analysis, the P275A polymorphism in the MSR1 gene is unlikely to be a risk factor for PCa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiao-Xia Zhou
- West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Sichuan Province, China E-mail :
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Offenmüller S, Ravindranath Y, Goyette G, Kanakapalli D, Miller KS, Brecht IB, Zolk O. Focused screening of a panel of cancer-related genetic polymorphisms reveals new susceptibility loci for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2014; 61:1411-5. [PMID: 24604828 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A genetic predisposition to acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in childhood is well established. Currently known risk loci, however, explain only one third of the estimated total risk related to common genetic variations. PROCEDURE We genotyped 1,421 polymorphisms in 407 candidate genes from the SNP500Cancer database (National Cancer Institute) using the Illumina Cancer SNP Panel. We investigated 78 cases (aged 0-19 years at diagnosis, and mixed ethnic background) of childhood B-precursor ALL and compared genotype data with those of 1,417 HapMap controls. To account for the ethnic diversity of the study population, structured association by genetically matching cases and controls using identity-by-state similarity was used. Case-control association analyses were performed using Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests, adjusted for the population substructure. RESULTS Common variations rs6966 (3' UTR of PPP1R13L, chr 19q13.32, P = 4.55 × 10(-9)) and rs414580 (intron 2 of MSR1, chr 8p22, P = 6.09 × 10(-8)) were significantly associated with ALL. These SNPs remained significant after adjustment for multiple testing. The SNP rs6966 tags a haplotype block which includes SNPs in PPP1R13L and ERCC2 genes, which are related to DNA repair and cell survival. rs6966 and rs414580 conferred allelic odds ratios of 3.74 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.31-6.04) and 3.93 (95% CI 2.31-6.69), respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal two independent novel susceptibility loci for childhood ALL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Offenmüller
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, University Children's Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kazma R, Mefford JA, Cheng I, Plummer SJ, Levin AM, Rybicki BA, Casey G, Witte JS. Association of the innate immunity and inflammation pathway with advanced prostate cancer risk. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51680. [PMID: 23272139 PMCID: PMC3522730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequent and second most lethal cancer in men in the United States. Innate immunity and inflammation may increase the risk of prostate cancer. To determine the role of innate immunity and inflammation in advanced prostate cancer, we investigated the association of 320 single nucleotide polymorphisms, located in 46 genes involved in this pathway, with disease risk using 494 cases with advanced disease and 536 controls from Cleveland, Ohio. Taken together, the whole pathway was associated with advanced prostate cancer risk (P = 0.02). Two sub-pathways (intracellular antiviral molecules and extracellular pattern recognition) and four genes in these sub-pathways (TLR1, TLR6, OAS1, and OAS2) were nominally associated with advanced prostate cancer risk and harbor several SNPs nominally associated with advanced prostate cancer risk. Our results suggest that the innate immunity and inflammation pathway may play a modest role in the etiology of advanced prostate cancer through multiple small effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Kazma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joel A. Mefford
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Iona Cheng
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai’i Cancer Center, University of Hawai’i, Honolulu, Hawai’i, United States of America
| | - Sarah J. Plummer
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Albert M. Levin
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Benjamin A. Rybicki
- Department of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Graham Casey
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - John S. Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kral M, Rosinska V, Student V, Grepl M, Hrabec M, Bouchal J. GENETIC DETERMINANTS OF PROSTATE CANCER: A REVIEW. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2011; 155:3-9. [DOI: 10.5507/bp.155.2011.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
11
|
Beuten J, Gelfond JAL, Franke JL, Shook S, Johnson-Pais TL, Thompson IM, Leach RJ. Single and multivariate associations of MSR1, ELAC2, and RNASEL with prostate cancer in an ethnic diverse cohort of men. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2010; 19:588-99. [PMID: 20086112 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-0864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Three genes, namely, ELAC2 (HPC2 locus) on chromosome 17p11, 2'-5'-oligoisoadenlyate-synthetase-dependent ribonuclease L (RNASEL, HPC1 locus), and macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) within a region of linkage on chromosome 8p, have been identified as hereditary tumor suppressor genes in prostate cancer. We genotyped 41 tagged single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) covering the three genes in a case-control cohort, which included 1,436 Caucasians, 648 Hispanics, and 270 African Americans. SNPs within MSR1, ELAC2, and RNASEL were significantly associated with risk of prostate cancer albeit with differences among the three ethnic groups (P = 0.043-1.0 x 10(-5)). In Caucasians, variants within MSR1 and ELAC2 are most likely to confer prostate cancer risk, and rs11545302 (ELAC2) showed a main effect independent of other significant SNPs (P = 2.03 x 10(-5)). A major haplotype G-A-C-G-C-G combining five SNPs within MSR1 was further shown to increase prostate cancer risk significantly in this study group. Variants in RNASEL had the strongest effects on prostate cancer risk estimates in Hispanics and also showed an interaction effect of family history. In African Americans, single SNPs within MSR1 were significantly associated with prostate cancer risk. A major risk haplotype C-G-G-C-G of five SNPs within ELAC2 was found in this group. Combining high-risk genotypes of MSR1 and ELAC2 in Caucasians and of RNASEL and MSR1 in Hispanics showed synergistic effects and suggest that an interaction between both genes in each ethnicity is likely to confer prostate cancer risk. Our findings corroborate the involvement of ELAC2, MSR1, and RNASEL in the etiology of prostate cancer even in individuals without a family history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joke Beuten
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rezzónico JN, Rezzónico M, Pusiol E, Pitoia F, Niepomniszcze H. Increased prevalence of insulin resistance in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2009; 7:375-80. [PMID: 19320560 DOI: 10.1089/met.2008.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with insulin resistance (IR) have a higher prevalence of thyroid nodules. In the present study, we present original data showing that patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) also have a higher frequency of IR. METHODS Twenty women with DTC (group 1, G1) and 20 euthyroid individuals (control group, CG) were investigated for IR. G1 and CG subjects were matched in pairs by age, gender, and body mass index (BMI). The diagnosis of IR was made when the homeostasis model assesment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was higher than 2.5. According to the BMI, 20 women (10 with DTC and 10 of the CG) had a BMI < 25, whereas the other 20 had higher BMI values (overweight and obese patients). RESULTS IR was present in the 50% of G1, but only in the 10% of the CG (P < 0.001). In the groups with lower BMI (<25), we found IR in 30% of G1 and no cases in the CG, whereas in those with BMI > 25 the IR was present in 70% of G1 and 20% of CG. There were no differences between the two subgroups regarding the time in which the IR tests were performed. IR was present in 56.3% of patient with papillary anol 25% of follicular thyroid carcinomas, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that such a high prevalence of IR would be an important risk factor for developing DTC, as it is well known with some other nonthyroid carcinomas.
Collapse
|
13
|
FitzGerald LM, Patterson B, Thomson R, Polanowski A, Quinn S, Brohede J, Thornton T, Challis D, Mackey DA, Dwyer T, Foote S, Hannan GN, Stankovich J, McKay JD, Dickinson JL. Identification of a prostate cancer susceptibility gene on chromosome 5p13q12 associated with risk of both familial and sporadic disease. Eur J Hum Genet 2008; 17:368-77. [PMID: 18830231 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic heterogeneity is a difficulty frequently encountered in the search for genes conferring susceptibility to prostate cancer. To circumvent this issue, we selected a large prostate cancer pedigree for genome-wide linkage analysis from a population that is genetically homogeneous. Selected cases and first-degree relatives were genotyped with Affymetrix 10K SNP arrays, identifying a 14 Mb haplotype on chromosome 5 (5p13-q12) inherited identical-by-descent (IBD) by multiple cases. Microsatellite genotyping of additional deceased case samples confirmed that a total of eight cases inherited the common haplotype (P=0.0017). Re-sequencing of eight prioritised candidate genes in the region in six selected individuals identified 15 SNPs segregating with the IBD haplotype, located within the ITGA2 gene. Three of these polymorphisms were selected for genotyping in an independent Tasmanian data set comprising 127 cases with familial prostate cancer, 412 sporadic cases and 319 unaffected controls. Two were associated with prostate cancer risk: rs3212649 (OR=1.67 (1.07-2.6), P=0.0009) and rs1126643 (OR=1.52 (1.01-2.28), P=0.0088). Significant association was observed in both familial and sporadic prostate cancer. Although the functional SNP remains to be identified, considerable circumstantial evidence, provided by in vivo and in vitro studies, supports a role for ITGA2 in tumour development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liesel M FitzGerald
- Genetics Unit, Menzies Research Institute, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Takayama H, Nonomura N, Nishimura K, Oka D, Shiba M, Nakai Y, Nakayama M, Tsujimura A, Aozasa K, Okuyama A. Decreased immunostaining for macrophage scavenger receptor is associated with poor prognosis of prostate cancer. BJU Int 2008; 103:470-4. [PMID: 18778349 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2008.08013.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to evaluate the expression of the macrophage scavenger receptor (MSR) in prostate needle biopsy specimens as a possible prognostic factor for prostate cancer. As MSR reportedly has a role in recognizing foreign pathogenic substances, MSR-positive inflammatory cells are often detected in solid tumours, and there is a correlation between the relative risk of prostate cancer and polymorphism of the MSR gene. PATIENTS AND METHODS MSR was evaluated by immunostaining in needle biopsies of the prostate from 135 patients who were confirmed to have prostate cancer. Among these men, 70 were treated by radical prostatectomy or by radiotherapy as definitive therapy; the other 65 were treated by hormonal therapy because of advanced disease or age. Needle-biopsy specimens were sectioned at 5 microm and immunostained with a monoclonal antibody against MSR. Six microscopic (x400) fields around the cancer foci were selected in each case for analysis. RESULTS The median number of MSR-positive cells (MSR count) in each case was 24. There was an inverse correlation between the MSR count and Gleason score and clinical stage. The MSR count was lower in patients with biochemical (prostate-specific antigen, PSA) failure than that in those with no PSA failure (P < 0.001). In all patients, the recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate was significantly higher in those with a high MSR count (> or =24) than that in those with low MSR count (<24, P < 0.001). Moreover, for patients treated by definitive or hormonal therapy, the RFS rates in those with a higher MSR count were higher than in those with a lower MSR count (P < 0.001 and 0.014, respectively). Cox multivariate analysis showed that the MSR count was a prognostic factor for prostate cancer in addition to extraprostatic extension and Gleason score (P = 0.002, 0.038 and 0.011, respectively). CONCLUSION The results of immunostaining of MSR in needle-biopsy specimens is a prognostic factor for prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Takayama
- Department of Urology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chen YC, Giovannucci E, Kraft P, Hunter DJ. Association between genetic polymorphisms of macrophage scavenger receptor 1 gene and risk of prostate cancer in the health professionals follow-up study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008; 17:1001-3. [PMID: 18398045 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1) is involved in chronic inflammation, which is a risk factor for prostate cancer. Association studies assessing the relationship between sequence variants of MSR1 and prostate cancer are inconsistent. We hypothesized that sequence variants of MSR1 were associated with prostate cancer risk. METHODS In a nested case-control design within the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we identified 700 participants with prostate cancer diagnosed after they had provided a blood specimen in 1993 and before January 2000. Controls were 700 age-matched men without prostate cancer who had had a prostate-specific antigen test after providing a blood specimen. We genotyped three common (>5%) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) that have been reported previously to be associated with risk of prostate cancer. RESULTS None of these MSR1 SNPs nor estimated haplotypes were associated with prostate cancer risk (P for the global test for haplotypes = 0.89). These MSR1 SNPs also did not appear to be associated with higher-grade or advanced-stage prostate cancer. CONCLUSION The association between these sequence variants of MSR1 and the risk of prostate cancer was null. Further study of aggressive prostate cancer may be warranted, as we had limited power to assess these.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Ching Chen
- Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rennert H, Zeigler-Johnson C, Mittal RD, Tan YC, Sadowl CM, Edwards J, Finley MJ, Mandhani A, Mital B, Rebbeck TR. Analysis of the RNASEL/HPC1, and macrophage scavenger receptor 1 in Asian-Indian advanced prostate cancer. Urology 2008; 72:456-60. [PMID: 18436282 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.11.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2007] [Revised: 11/20/2007] [Accepted: 11/30/2007] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prostate cancer (PC) varies widely by geographic location and ethnicity. American men have a high PC risk but most have localized disease. In contrast, Asian Indians have a low PC risk but most are diagnosed with metastatic disease. Epidemiological and genetic data suggest an important role of genetic susceptibility in PC. Most studies were performed in whites. Substantially less is known about gene variation-associated PC in low-risk populations. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of RNASEL and MSR1 in Asian-Indian men with advanced PC. METHODS We genotyped DNA samples obtained from 113 cases and 245 age-matched controls (Northern India). RESULTS For RNASEL, we identified 8 variants (7 novel and 1 previously published, D541E), including 4 exonic, 3 intronic, and 1 change in the 3'-noncoding region. Of these, we detected a novel 4-bp truncation mutation (Val51ArgfsX2) in 2 controls. For MSR1, we identified 4 novel variants (2 intronic and 2 exonic) and 2 previously reported variants (P275A and promoter -4,637 A>G). We also genotyped 3 common MSR1 variations (promoter -14,742 A>G, IVS5-59 C>A, and IVS7 delinsTTA). We found no associations among any of the sequence variations and PC. Three major haplotypes account for most of all MSR1 haplotypes in Asian Indians. Haplotype frequencies were not significantly different between cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results do not support a role for RNASEL, or MSR1 mutations in advanced Asian-Indian PC. This study warrants additional investigations of these genes in etiology particularly among individuals from diverse ethnic and geographic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Rennert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10021, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cybulski C, Wokołorczyk D, Jakubowska A, Gliniewicz B, Sikorski A, Huzarski T, Debniak T, Narod SA, Lubiński J. DNA variation in MSR1, RNASEL and E-cadherin genes and prostate cancer in Poland. Urol Int 2007; 79:44-9. [PMID: 17627168 DOI: 10.1159/000102913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2006] [Accepted: 10/11/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated whether or not inherited variation in MSR1, RNASEL and E-cadherin contribute to prostate cancer risk in Poland. MATERIAL AND METHODS We sequenced the coding region of these three genes in individuals from Poland and identified five common DNA variants (R462Q and D541E in RNASEL, R293X and P275A in MSR1, and 2076C>T (A692A) in E-cadherin). These five variants and the -160C>A promoter change in E-cadherin were genotyped in 737 prostate cancer cases and 511 controls. RESULTS The frequencies of genotyped variants in MSR1, RNASEL and E-cadherin genes in cases and controls were similar. We did not see any association for the studied variants when cases were stratified by age of diagnosis, by family history, by prostate-specific antigen level at the time of diagnosis, by Gleason sore or by tumor stage. CONCLUSIONS Inherited variation in RNASEL, MSR1 and E-cadherin genes do not seem to contribute to prostate cancer development in Poland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sun J, Turner A, Xu J, Grönberg H, Isaacs W. Genetic variability in inflammation pathways and prostate cancer risk. Urol Oncol 2007; 25:250-9. [PMID: 17483024 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2006.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic susceptibility to prostate cancer has been consistently observed by a large number of studies. Recently, several pieces of evidence obtained from epidemiological and pathological studies support that chronic inflammation in prostate tissues may play a role in prostate cancer development. Multiple genes that play critical roles in inflammatory pathways have been associated with prostate cancer risk. In this article we review the key genetic findings of the associated genes. This includes 2 genes identified through family studies, ribonuclease L (RNASEL) and macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1), as well as a number of genes suggested by case-control studies, such as macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), interleukins (IL-8, IL-10), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM), and Toll-like receptors (TLR-4, TLR-1-6-10 gene cluster). Overall, recent studies seem to suggest multiple genes work together to increase prostate risk, and this is consistent with the reality that inflammation is a very complex process. Thus, future studies are expected to place an emphasis on the study of gene-gene interactions. Advances in high throughput genotyping, data mining, and algorithm development are needed in order to produce interpretable results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Sun
- Center for Human Genomics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cybulski C. Selected aspects of inherited susceptibility to prostate cancer and tumours of different site of origin. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2007; 5:164-79. [PMID: 19725994 PMCID: PMC2736990 DOI: 10.1186/1897-4287-5-3-164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2007] [Accepted: 09/04/2007] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic research conducted over the last two decades has led us to believe that inherited factors play an important role in the aetiology of prostate cancer, but the genes which underlie the inherited susceptibility are elusive. The most compelling associations to date are with genes involved in DNA damage repair, including BRCA2. In Poland we have initiated a programme to identify DNA variants which confer an increased risk of prostate cancer and other cancers. Here we review our recent results. We found that germline mutations in BRCA1, CHEK2 and NBS1 confer an increased prostate cancer risk in Polish men. We provide evidence that CHEK2 is a multi-organ cancer susceptibility gene. We show that inherited variation in RNASEL and MSR1 genes do not contribute to prostate cancer development in Poland.
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Although obesity has been consistently linked to an increased risk of several malignancies, including cancers of the colon, gallbladder, kidney, and pancreas, its role in prostate cancer etiology remains elusive. Data on the association between obesity and prostate cancer incidence are inconsistent, and in some studies obesity is associated with an increase in risk of high-grade prostate cancer but with a decrease in risk of low-grade tumors. In contrast, obesity has been consistently associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer aggressiveness and mortality. The differential effects of obesity on subtypes of prostate cancer suggest etiologic heterogeneity in these tumors and complex interactions between androgen metabolism and several putative risk factors, including insulin resistance, diabetes, inflammation, and genetic susceptibility, on prostate cancer risk. Data on the role of abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in prostate cancer etiology are limited. Obesity has been shown to be associated with a state of low-grade chronic inflammation, and insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome are associated with adverse metabolic profiles and with higher circulating concentrations of inflammation-related markers, including leptin, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-, many of which have been shown to enhance tumor growth. Thus, whether obesity and metabolic syndrome modulate the risk of prostate cancer through chronic inflammation needs to be investigated further. Given that the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome is increasing worldwide and that the world population is aging, the roles of obesity and metabolic syndrome in prostate carcinogenesis warrant further clarification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann W Hsing
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20852-7234, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
De Marzo AM, Platz EA, Sutcliffe S, Xu J, Grönberg H, Drake CG, Nakai Y, Isaacs WB, Nelson WG. Inflammation in prostate carcinogenesis. Nat Rev Cancer 2007; 7:256-69. [PMID: 17384581 PMCID: PMC3552388 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1128] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
About 20% of all human cancers are caused by chronic infection or chronic inflammatory states. Recently, a new hypothesis has been proposed for prostate carcinogenesis. It proposes that exposure to environmental factors such as infectious agents and dietary carcinogens, and hormonal imbalances lead to injury of the prostate and to the development of chronic inflammation and regenerative 'risk factor' lesions, referred to as proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA). By developing new experimental animal models coupled with classical epidemiological studies, genetic epidemiological studies and molecular pathological approaches, we should be able to determine whether prostate cancer is driven by inflammation, and if so, to develop new strategies to prevent the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo M De Marzo
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|