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Bi J, Witt E, McGovern MK, Cafi AB, Rosenstock LL, Pearson AB, Brown TJ, Karasic TB, Absler LC, Machkanti S, Boyce H, Gallo D, Becker SL, Ishida K, Jenkins J, Hayward A, Scheiflinger A, Bodeker KL, Kumar R, Shaw SK, Jabbour SK, Lira VA, Henry MD, Tift MS, Otterbein LE, Traverso G, Byrne JD. Oral Carbon Monoxide Enhances Autophagy Modulation in Prostate, Pancreatic, and Lung Cancers. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2308346. [PMID: 38084435 PMCID: PMC10916612 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Modulation of autophagy, specifically its inhibition, stands to transform the capacity to effectively treat a broad range of cancers. However, the clinical efficacy of autophagy inhibitors has been inconsistent. To delineate clinical and epidemiological features associated with autophagy inhibition and a positive oncological clinical response, a retrospective analysis of patients is conducted treated with hydroxychloroquine, a known autophagy inhibitor. A direct correlation between smoking status and inhibition of autophagy with hydroxychloroquine is identified. Recognizing that smoking is associated with elevated circulating levels of carbon monoxide (CO), it is hypothesized that supplemental CO can amplify autophagy inhibition. A novel, gas-entrapping material containing CO in a pre-clinical model is applied and demonstrated that CO can dramatically increase the cytotoxicity of autophagy inhibitors and significantly inhibit the growth of tumors when used in combination. These data support the notion that safe, therapeutic levels of CO can markedly enhance the efficacy of autophagy inhibitors, opening a promising new frontier in the quest to improve cancer therapies.
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Bukkuri A, Pienta KJ, Amend SR, Austin RH, Hammarlund EU, Brown JS. The contribution of evolvability to the eco-evolutionary dynamics of competing species. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10591. [PMID: 37829179 PMCID: PMC10565728 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolvability is the capacity of a population to generate heritable variation that can be acted upon by natural selection. This ability influences the adaptations and fitness of individual organisms. By viewing this capacity as a trait, evolvability is subject to natural selection and thus plays a critical role in eco-evolutionary dynamics. Understanding this role provides insight into how species respond to changes in their environment and how species coexistence can arise and be maintained. Here, we create a G-function model of competing species, each with a different evolvability. We analyze population and strategy (= heritable phenotype) dynamics of the two populations under clade initiation (when species are introduced into a population), evolutionary tracking (constant, small changes in the environment), adaptive radiation (availability of multiple ecological niches), and evolutionary rescue (extreme environmental disturbances). We find that when species are far from an eco-evolutionary equilibrium, faster-evolving species reach higher population sizes, and when species are close to an equilibrium, slower-evolving species are more successful. Frequent, minor environmental changes promote the extinction of species with small population sizes, regardless of their evolvability. When several niches are available for a species to occupy, coexistence is possible, though slower-evolving species perform slightly better than faster-evolving ones due to the well-recognized inherent cost of evolvability. Finally, disrupting the environment at intermediate frequencies can result in coexistence with cyclical population dynamics of species with different rates of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuraag Bukkuri
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Department of Integrated Mathematical OncologyMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFloridaUSA
| | - Kenneth J. Pienta
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Sarah R. Amend
- The Brady Urological InstituteJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Emma U. Hammarlund
- Tissue Development and Evolution Research Group, Department of Laboratory MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Joel S. Brown
- Cancer Biology and Evolution Program, Department of Integrated Mathematical OncologyMoffitt Cancer CenterTampaFloridaUSA
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3
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Tsao PA, Burns J, Kumbier K, Sparks JB, Entenman S, Bloor LE, Bohnert ASB, Skolarus TA, Caram MEV. Mental health care utilization among men with castration-resistant prostate cancer receiving abiraterone or enzalutamide. Cancer Med 2023; 12:16490-16501. [PMID: 37325888 PMCID: PMC10469813 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abiraterone and enzalutamide are castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) therapies with potentially distinct associations with mental health symptoms given their differing antiandrogen targets. METHODS We used national Veterans Health Administration data to identify patients with CRPC who received first-line abiraterone or enzalutamide from 2010 to 2017. Using Poisson regression, we compared outpatient mental health encounters per 100 patient-months on drug between the abiraterone and enzalutamide cohorts adjusting for patient factors (e.g., age). We compared mental health encounters in the year before versus after starting therapy using the McNemar test. RESULTS We identified 2902 CRPC patients who received abiraterone (n = 1992) or enzalutamide (n = 910). We found no difference in outpatient mental health encounters between the two groups (adjusted incident rate ratio [aIRR] 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.95-1.15). However, men with preexisting mental health diagnoses received 81.3% of the outpatient mental health encounters and had higher rates of these encounters with enzalutamide (aIRR 1.21, 95% CI 1.09-1.34). Among patients with ≥1 year of enrollment before and after starting abiraterone (n = 1139) or enzalutamide (n = 446), there was no difference in mental health care utilization before versus after starting treatment (17.0% of patients vs. 17.6%, p = 0.60, abiraterone; 16.4% vs. 18.4%, p = 0.26, enzalutamide). CONCLUSION We found no overall differences in mental health care utilization between CRPC patients who received first-line abiraterone versus enzalutamide. However, men with preexisting mental health diagnoses received the majority of mental health care and had more mental health visits with enzalutamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe A. Tsao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Veterans Affairs Health Services Research & Development, Center for Clinical Management and ResearchVeterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Institute of Health Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Jennifer Burns
- Veterans Affairs Health Services Research & Development, Center for Clinical Management and ResearchVeterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Kyle Kumbier
- Veterans Affairs Health Services Research & Development, Center for Clinical Management and ResearchVeterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Jordan B. Sparks
- Veterans Affairs Health Services Research & Development, Center for Clinical Management and ResearchVeterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Shami Entenman
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Lindsey E. Bloor
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of PsychiatryVeterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Amy S. B. Bohnert
- Veterans Affairs Health Services Research & Development, Center for Clinical Management and ResearchVeterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Institute of Health Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Ted A. Skolarus
- Veterans Affairs Health Services Research & Development, Center for Clinical Management and ResearchVeterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Surgery, Section of UrologyUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Megan E. V. Caram
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Veterans Affairs Health Services Research & Development, Center for Clinical Management and ResearchVeterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Institute of Health Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan Medical SchoolAnn ArborMichiganUSA
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4
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Zou H, Yang Y, Chen HW. Natural compounds ursolic acid and digoxin exhibit inhibitory activities to cancer cells in RORγ-dependent and -independent manner. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1146741. [PMID: 37180705 PMCID: PMC10169565 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1146741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds ursolic acid (UA) and digoxin isolated from fruits and other plants display potent anti-cancer effects in preclinical studies. UA and digoxin have been at clinical trials for treatment of different cancers including prostate cancer, pancreatic cancer and breast cancer. However, they displayed limited benefit to patients. Currently, a poor understanding of their direct targets and mechanisms of action (MOA) severely hinders their further development. We previously identified nuclear receptor RORγ as a novel therapeutic target for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and demonstrated that tumor cell RORγ directly activates gene programs such as androgen receptor (AR) signaling and cholesterol metabolism. Previous studies also demonstrated that UA and digoxin are potential RORγt antagonists in modulating the functions of immune cells such as Th17 cells. Here we showed that UA displays a strong activity in inhibition of RORγ-dependent transactivation function in cancer cells, while digoxin exhibits no effect at clinically relevant concentrations. In prostate cancer cells, UA downregulates RORγ-stimulated AR expression and AR signaling, whereas digoxin upregulates AR signaling pathway. In TNBC cells, UA but not digoxin alters RORγ-controlled gene programs of cell proliferation, apoptosis and cholesterol biosynthesis. Together, our study reveals for the first-time that UA, but not digoxin, acts as a natural antagonist of RORγ in the cancer cells. Our finding that RORγ is a direct target of UA in cancer cells will help select patients with tumors that likely respond to UA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Yatian Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA, United States
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Caram MEV, Kumbier K, Burns J, Sparks JB, Tsao PA, Stensland KD, Washington SL, Hollenbeck BK, Shahinian V, Skolarus TA. Differential adoption of castration-resistant prostate cancer treatment across facilities in a national healthcare system. Cancer Med 2023; 12:6945-6955. [PMID: 36790037 PMCID: PMC10067072 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over the past decade, abiraterone and enzalutamide have largely replaced ketoconazole as oral treatments for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We investigated the differential adoption of abiraterone and enzalutamide across facilities in a national healthcare system to understand the impact a facility has on the receipt of these novel therapies. METHODS Using data from the VA Corporate Data Warehouse, we identified a cohort of men with CRPC who received the most common first-line therapies: abiraterone, enzalutamide, docetaxel, or ketoconazole between 2010 and 2017. We described variability in the adoption of abiraterone and enzalutamide across facilities by time period (2010-2013 or 2014-2017). We categorized facilities depending on the timing of adoption of abiraterone and enzalutamide relative to other facilities and described facility characteristics associated with early and late adoption. RESULTS We identified 4998 men treated with ketoconazole, docetaxel, abiraterone, or enzalutamide as first-line CRPC therapy between 2010 and 2017 at 125 national facilities. When limiting the cohort to oral therapies, most patients treated earlier in the study period (2010-2013) received ketoconazole. A dramatic shift was seen by the second half of the study period (2014-2017) with most men treated with first-line abiraterone (61%). Despite this shift and a new standard of care, some facilities persisted in the widespread use of ketoconazole in the later period, so-called late adopting facilities. After multivariable adjustment, patients who received treatment at a late adopting facility were more likely receiving care at a lower complexity, rural facility, with less urology and hematology/oncology workforce (all p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Many facilities persisted in their use of ketoconazole as first-line CRPC therapy, even when other facilities had adopted the new standard of care abiraterone and enzalutamide. Further work is needed to identify the effect of this late adoption on outcomes important to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. V. Caram
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolMichiganAnn ArborUSA
- VA Health Services Research & Development, Center for Clinical Management and Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemMichiganAnn ArborUSA
| | - Kyle Kumbier
- VA Health Services Research & Development, Center for Clinical Management and Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemMichiganAnn ArborUSA
| | - Jennifer Burns
- VA Health Services Research & Development, Center for Clinical Management and Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemMichiganAnn ArborUSA
| | - Jordan B. Sparks
- VA Health Services Research & Development, Center for Clinical Management and Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemMichiganAnn ArborUSA
| | - Phoebe A. Tsao
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolMichiganAnn ArborUSA
- VA Health Services Research & Development, Center for Clinical Management and Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare SystemMichiganAnn ArborUSA
| | | | - Samuel L. Washington
- Department of UrologyUniversity of California San FranciscoCaliforniaSan FranciscoUSA
| | - Brent K. Hollenbeck
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolMichiganAnn ArborUSA
| | - Vahakn Shahinian
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolMichiganAnn ArborUSA
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Michigan Medical SchoolMichiganAnn ArborUSA
| | - Ted A. Skolarus
- Department of UrologyUniversity of Chicago Pritzker School of MedicineIllinoisChicagoUSA
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Abstract
Chromatin remodeling proteins contribute to DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. The chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) family of remodelers plays crucial roles in embryonic development, hematopoiesis, and neurogenesis. As the founding member, CHD1 is capable of assembling nucleosomes, remodeling chromatin structure, and regulating gene transcription. Dysregulation of CHD1 at genetic, epigenetic, and post-translational levels is common in malignancies and other human diseases. Through interacting with different genetic alterations, CHD1 possesses the capabilities to exert oncogenic or tumor-suppressive functions in context-dependent manners. In this Review, we summarize the biochemical properties and dysregulation of CHD1 in cancer cells, and then discuss CHD1's roles in different contexts of prostate cancer, with an emphasis on its crosstalk with diverse signaling pathways. Furthermore, we highlight the potential therapeutic strategies for cancers with dysregulated CHD1. At last, we discuss current research gaps in understanding CHD1's biological functions and molecular basis during disease progression, as well as the modeling systems for biology study and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyan Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Loraine Gigi
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Texas A&M School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Di Zhao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Yoshikawa Y, Stopsack KH, Wang XV, Chen Y, Mazzu YZ, Burton F, Chakraborty G, Rajanala SH, Hirani R, Nandakumar S, Lee GM, Frank D, Davicioni E, Liu G, Carducci MA, Azuma H, Kantoff PW, Sweeney CJ. Increased MYBL2 expression in aggressive hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3994-4010. [PMID: 36087093 PMCID: PMC9718114 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of the histone demethylase KDM5D (lysine-specific demethylase 5D) leads to in vitro resistance of prostate cancer cells to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with and without docetaxel. We aimed to define downstream drivers of the KDM5D effect. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) of the LNCaP cell line (androgen-sensitive human prostate adenocarcinoma) with and without silenced KDM5D, MYBL2-binding sites were analyzed. Associations between MYBL2 mRNA expression and clinical outcomes were assessed in cohorts of men with localized and metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. In vitro assays with silencing and overexpression of MYBL2 and KDM5D in androgen receptor (AR)-positive hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cell lines, LNCaP and LAPC4, were used to assess their influence on cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle distribution, as well as sensitivity to androgen deprivation, docetaxel, and cabazitaxel. We found that silencing KDM5D increased histone H3 lysine K4 (H3K4) trimethylation and increased MYBL2 expression. KDM5D and MYBL2 were negatively correlated with some but not all clinical samples. Higher MYBL2 expression was associated with a higher rate of relapse in localized disease and poorer overall survival in men with metastatic disease in the CHAARTED trial. Lower MYBL2 levels enhanced LNCaP and LAPC4 sensitivity to androgen deprivation and taxanes. In vitro, modifications of KDM5D and MYBL2 altered cell cycle distribution and apoptosis in a cell line-specific manner. These results show that the transcription factor MYBL2 impacts in vitro hormone-sensitive prostate cancer sensitivity to androgen deprivation and taxanes, and lower levels are associated with better clinical outcomes in men with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yoshikawa
- Department of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
- Department of UrologyOsaka Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityJapan
| | - Konrad H. Stopsack
- Department of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Xin Victoria Wang
- ECOG‐ACRIN Biostatistics CenterDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Yu‐Hui Chen
- ECOG‐ACRIN Biostatistics CenterDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Ying Z. Mazzu
- Department of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Foster Burton
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - Goutam Chakraborty
- Department of UrologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNYUSA
| | | | - Rahim Hirani
- Department of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Subhiksha Nandakumar
- Center for Molecular OncologyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Gwo‐Shu Mary Lee
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | - David Frank
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Glenn Liu
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer CenterMadisonWIUSA
| | | | - Haruhito Azuma
- Department of UrologyOsaka Medical and Pharmaceutical UniversityJapan
| | - Philip W. Kantoff
- Department of MedicineMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA
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8
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Abstract
Bipolar androgen therapy (BAT) is a new treatment concept for men whose prostate cancer has become resistant to standard hormone-blocking therapy. Over the past decade, we have performed a series of clinical studies testing BAT in asymptomatic men with castration-resistant prostate cancer. The key findings from these clinical studies are that BAT (a) can be safely administered to asymptomatic patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer; (b) does not produce symptomatic disease progression; (c) produces sustained prostate-specific antigen and objective responses in 30%-40% of patients; and (d) can resensitize and prolong response to subsequent antiandrogen therapy. The concept of BAT has generated significant interest from men with prostate cancer, their families, and their physicians. Here we provide a "Patient's Guide" that answers questions about BAT in a form that is accessible to patients, their families, and physicians. Our goal is to provide information to help patients make the most informed decisions they can regarding their prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- The Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer CenterMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
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9
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Johnson JR, Woods-Burnham L, Hooker SE, Batai K, Kittles RA. Genetic Contributions to Prostate Cancer Disparities in Men of West African Descent. Front Oncol 2021; 11:770500. [PMID: 34820334 PMCID: PMC8606679 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.770500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of death in men worldwide, after adjusting for age. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, continents such as North America and Europe report higher incidence of PCa; however, mortality rates are highest among men of African ancestry in the western, southern, and central regions of Africa and the Caribbean. The American Cancer Society reports, African Americans (AAs), in the United States, have a 1.7 increased incidence and 2.4 times higher mortality rate, compared to European American's (EAs). Hence, early population history in west Africa and the subsequent African Diaspora may play an important role in understanding the global disproportionate burden of PCa shared among Africans and other men of African descent. Nonetheless, disparities involved in diagnosis, treatment, and survival of PCa patients has also been correlated to socioeconomic status, education and access to healthcare. Although recent studies suggest equal PCa treatments yield equal outcomes among patients, data illuminates an unsettling reality of disparities in treatment and care in both, developed and developing countries, especially for men of African descent. Yet, even after adjusting for the effects of the aforementioned factors; racial disparities in mortality rates remain significant. This suggests that molecular and genomic factors may account for much of PCa disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabril R. Johnson
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Leanne Woods-Burnham
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Stanley E. Hooker
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ken Batai
- Department of Urology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, United States
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10
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Bade RM, Schehr JL, Emamekhoo H, Gibbs BK, Rodems TS, Mannino MC, Desotelle JA, Heninger E, Stahlfeld CN, Sperger JM, Singh A, Wolfe SK, Niles DJ, Arafat W, Steinharter JA, Jason Abel E, Beebe DJ, Wei XX, McKay RR, Choueri TK, Lang JM. Development and initial clinical testing of a multiplexed circulating tumor cell assay in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:2330-2344. [PMID: 33604999 PMCID: PMC8410529 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although therapeutic options for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have increased in the past decade, no biomarkers are yet available for patient stratification or evaluation of therapy resistance. Given the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of clear cell RCC (ccRCC), tumor biopsies provide limited clinical utility, but liquid biopsies could overcome these limitations. Prior liquid biopsy approaches have lacked clinically relevant detection rates for patients with ccRCC. This study employed ccRCC-specific markers, CAIX and CAXII, to identify circulating tumor cells (CTC) from patients with metastatic ccRCC. Distinct subtypes of ccRCC CTCs were evaluated for PD-L1 and HLA-I expression and correlated with patient response to therapy. CTC enumeration and expression of PD-L1 and HLA-I correlated with disease progression and treatment response, respectively. Longitudinal evaluation of a subset of patients demonstrated potential for CTC enumeration to serve as a pharmacodynamic biomarker. Further evaluation of phenotypic heterogeneity among CTCs is needed to better understand the clinical utility of this new biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory M. Bade
- Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonWIUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Erika Heninger
- Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonWIUSA
| | | | - Jamie M. Sperger
- Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonWIUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonWIUSA
| | - Anupama Singh
- Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonWIUSA
| | | | - David J. Niles
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonWIUSA
| | - Waddah Arafat
- Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonWIUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonWIUSA
| | - John A. Steinharter
- Lank Center for Genitourinary OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - E. Jason Abel
- Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonWIUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonWIUSA
| | - David J. Beebe
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonWIUSA
| | - Xiao X. Wei
- Lank Center for Genitourinary OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Rana R. McKay
- Lank Center for Genitourinary OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Toni K. Choueri
- Lank Center for Genitourinary OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteHarvard UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Joshua M. Lang
- Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonWIUSA
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonWIUSA
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11
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Rabow M, Wang C, Zhang S, Tahir PM, Small EJ, Borno HT. Examining reporting and representation of patients with cancer in COVID-19 clinical trials. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 4:e1355. [PMID: 33621447 PMCID: PMC7995191 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with cancer are particularly vulnerable in the current COVID-19 pandemic. Emerging evidence suggests that patients with a cancer diagnosis are three times more likely to die from COVID-19 compared to non-cancer patients. Due to these observed risks, it is critical that emerging COVID-19 therapies demonstrate safety and efficacy among patients with cancer. AIM This study sought to examine reporting and representation of patients with cancer among published COVID-19 treatment-related research studies. METHODS AND RESULTS All published COVID-19 treatment-related clinical research studies published from March 1 to August 20, 2020 recruiting from North America and Europe were identified. The date published, study design, therapeutics studied, and study population were evaluated. Of the 343 studies identified through initial search and researcher knowledge, 55 (16%) reported on COVID-19 treatments. Twenty-one COVID-19 therapeutic studies (n = 15, prospective; n = 6, retrospective) that recruited from the United States and Europe were identified. Among these studies, eight (38%) reported on the number of trial participants with a cancer diagnosis in the publication and two (10%) specified tumor type. Four of the studies (19%) did not collect cancer history. Among studies where cancer history was available, patients with a cancer diagnosis participated at a proportion higher than overall cancer prevalence and greater than the known proportion of COVID-19 patients with cancer. CONCLUSION This study observed that cancer history was not uniformly collected or reported among published COVID-19 therapeutic studies. Among reported publications, we observed that patients with a cancer diagnosis were generally overrepresented. However, patients with a cancer diagnosis were notably underrepresented in outpatient COVID-19 therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Rabow
- College of ScienceNortheastern UniversityBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Christine Wang
- Division of Academic Engagement and Student AchievementSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sylvia Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Peggy Mary Tahir
- Department of Library SciencesUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Eric J. Small
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hala T. Borno
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/OncologyUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer CenterSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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