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Bergamini M, Dalla Volta A, Palumbo C, Zamboni S, Triggiani L, Zamparini M, Laganà M, Rinaudo L, Di Meo N, Caramella I, Bresciani R, Valcamonico F, Borghetti P, Guerini A, Farina D, Antonelli A, Simeone C, Mazziotti G, Berruti A. Relationship between circulating FSH levels and body composition and bone health in patients with prostate cancer who undergo androgen deprivation therapy: The BLADE study. eLife 2024; 13:e92655. [PMID: 38656229 PMCID: PMC11042799 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Among its extragonadal effects, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) has an impact on body composition and bone metabolism. Since androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has a profound impact on circulating FSH concentrations, this hormone could potentially be implicated in the changes of fat body mass (FBM), lean body mass (LBM), and bone fragility induced by ADT. The objective of this study is to correlate FSH serum levels with body composition parameters, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone turnover markers at baseline conditions and after 12 months of ADT. Methods Twenty-nine consecutive non-metastatic prostate cancer (PC) patients were enrolled from 2017 to 2019 in a phase IV study. All patients underwent administration of the luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist degarelix. FBM, LBM, and BMD were evaluated by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry at baseline and after 12 months of ADT. FSH, alkaline phosphatase, and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen were assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. For outcome measurements and statistical analysis, t-test or sign test and Pearson or Spearman tests for continuous variables were used when indicated. Results At baseline conditions, a weak, non-significant, direct relationship was found between FSH serum levels and FBM at arms (r = 0.36) and legs (r = 0.33). Conversely, a stronger correlation was observed between FSH and total FBM (r = 0.52, p = 0.006), fat mass at arms (r = 0.54, p = 0.004), and fat mass at trunk (r = 0.45, p = 0.018) assessed after 12 months. On the other hand, an inverse relationship between serum FSH and appendicular lean mass index/FBM ratio was observed (r = -0.64, p = 0.001). This is an ancillary study of a prospective trial and this is the main limitation. Conclusions FSH serum levels after ADT could have an impact on body composition, in particular on FBM. Therefore, FSH could be a promising marker to monitor the risk of sarcopenic obesity and to guide the clinicians in the tailored evaluation of body composition in PC patients undergoing ADT. Funding This research was partially funded by Ferring Pharmaceuticals. The funder had no role in design and conduct of the study, collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data and in preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript. Clinical trial number clinicalTrials.gov NCT03202381, EudraCT Number 2016-004210-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Bergamini
- Medical Oncology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Alberto Dalla Volta
- Medical Oncology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Carlotta Palumbo
- Division of Urology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, Maggiore Della Carità HospitalNovaraItaly
| | - Stefania Zamboni
- Urology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Luca Triggiani
- Radiation Oncology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Manuel Zamparini
- Medical Oncology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Marta Laganà
- Medical Oncology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | | | - Nunzia Di Meo
- Radiology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Irene Caramella
- Medical Oncology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Roberto Bresciani
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMTM), University of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Francesca Valcamonico
- Medical Oncology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Paolo Borghetti
- Radiation Oncology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Andrea Guerini
- Radiation Oncology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Davide Farina
- Radiology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Urology Unit, AOUI Verona, Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Claudio Simeone
- Urology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of BresciaBresciaItaly
| | - Gherardo Mazziotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele-MilanMilanItaly
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Andrology Unit, Metabolic Bone Diseases and Osteoporosis Section, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital,MilanItaly
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Medical Oncology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of BresciaBresciaItaly
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Dandash O, Allebone J, Mirabelli A, Russell N, Grossmann M, Gogos A, Kanaan RA. The effect of estradiol add-back: a longitudinal MRI study in prostate cancer patients. Endocr Connect 2024; 13:e230409. [PMID: 38226639 PMCID: PMC10895318 DOI: 10.1530/ec-23-0409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of estradiol add-back therapy (EAT) on brain activation related to cognitive function and affect in addition to putative changes in gray and white matter volume in testosterone depleted participants with prostate cancer. We conducted a randomized controlled, double-blinded trial in which 40 patients received 0.9 mg of transdermal estradiol per day for 6 months or matched placebo. Anatomical MRI and three functional MRI (fMRI) scans were obtained for the emotion recognition task, verbal memory task, and visuospatial memory task. Activation in corresponding cognitive and affective brain networks was demonstrated for all tasks. Longitudinally, there was no difference in brain activation, reaction time, or accuracy in response to the fMRI tasks between the EAT group and placebo group at 6 months. In addition, there was no detectable change in whole-brain gray or white matter volume or in hippocampal volume between the two groups after 6 months. This study supports earlier findings that EAT does not improve verbal memory or affect and has no immediate effect on hippocampal volume in testosterone depleted patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orwa Dandash
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Allebone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam Mirabelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas Russell
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrea Gogos
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Florey Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard A Kanaan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Chiong E, Saad M, Hamid ARA, Ong-Cornel AB, Lojanapiwat B, Pripatnanont C, Serrano D, Songco J, Sin LC, Hakim L, Chua MLK, Nguyen NP, Phuong PC, Patnaik RS, Umbas R, Kanesvaran R. Prostate cancer management in Southeast Asian countries: a survey of clinical practice patterns. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2024; 16:17588359231216582. [PMID: 38249332 PMCID: PMC10798109 DOI: 10.1177/17588359231216582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PC) has a serious public health impact, and its incidence is rising due to the aging population. There is limited evidence and consensus to guide the management of PC in Southeast Asia (SEA). We present real-world data on clinical practice patterns in SEA for advanced PC care. Method A paper-based survey was used to identify clinical practice patterns and obtain consensus among the panelists. The survey included the demographics of the panelists, the use of clinical guidelines, and clinical practice patterns in the management of advanced PC in SEA. Results Most panelists (81%) voted prostate-specific antigen (PSA) as the most effective test for early PC diagnosis and risk stratification. Nearly 44% of panelists agreed that prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography-computed tomography imaging for PC diagnostic and staging information aids local and systemic therapy decisions. The majority of the panel preferred abiraterone acetate (67%) or docetaxel (44%) as first-line therapy for symptomatic mCRPC patients. Abiraterone acetate (50%) is preferred over docetaxel as a first-line treatment in metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer patients with high-volume disease. However, the panel did not support the use of abiraterone acetate in non-metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (nmCRPC) patients. Apalutamide (75%) is the preferred treatment option for patients with nmCRPC. The cost and availability of modern treatments and technologies are important factors influencing therapeutic decisions. All panelists supported the use of generic versions of approved therapies. Conclusion The survey results reflect real-world management of advanced PC in a SEA country. These findings could be used to guide local clinical practices and highlight the financial challenges of modern healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund Chiong
- Department of Urology, National University Hospital, Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Marniza Saad
- Clinical Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Agus Rizal A.H. Hamid
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia
| | | | - Bannakij Lojanapiwat
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Dennis Serrano
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of the Philippines College of Medicine – Philippines General Hospital, Manila, Philippines
| | - Jaime Songco
- Department of Urology, Cancer Center, Makati Medical Center, Manila, Philippines
| | - Loh Chit Sin
- Department of Urology, Department of Surgery, Gleneagles Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lukman Hakim
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University/Airlangga University Teaching Hospital, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Melvin Lee Kiang Chua
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Pham Cam Phuong
- The Nuclear Medicine and Oncology Center, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ravi Sekhar Patnaik
- Department of Oncology, The Brunei Cancer Centre (TBCC), Pantai Jerudong Specialist Centre, Jerudong, Brunei
| | - Rainy Umbas
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia
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Nelson AJ, Lopes RD, Hong H, Hua K, Slovin S, Tan S, Nilsson J, Bhatt DL, Goodman SG, Evans CP, Clarke NW, Shore ND, Margel D, Klotz LH, Tombal B, Leong DP, Alexander JH, Higano CS. Cardiovascular Effects of GnRH Antagonists Compared With Agonists in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review. JACC CardioOncol 2023; 5:613-624. [PMID: 37969642 PMCID: PMC10635880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccao.2023.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Androgen deprivation therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for patients with advanced prostate cancer. Meta-analysis of small, oncology-focused trials suggest gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists may be associated with fewer adverse cardiovascular outcomes compared with GnRH agonists. Objectives This study sought to determine whether GnRH antagonists were associated with fewer major adverse cardiovascular events compared with GnRH agonists. Methods Electronic databases were searched for all prospective, randomized trials comparing GnRH antagonists with agonists. The primary outcome was a major adverse cardiovascular event as defined by the following standardized Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities terms: "myocardial infarction," "central nervous system hemorrhages and cerebrovascular conditions," and all-cause mortality. Bayesian meta-analysis models with random effects were fitted. Results A total of 11 eligible studies of a maximum duration of 3 to 36 months (median = 12 months) enrolling 4,248 participants were included. Only 1 trial used a blinded, adjudicated event process, whereas potential bias persisted in all trials given their open-label design. A total of 152 patients with primary outcome events were observed, 76 of 2,655 (2.9%) in GnRH antagonist-treated participants and 76 of 1,593 (4.8%) in agonist-treated individuals. Compared with GnRH agonists, the pooled OR of GnRH antagonists for the primary endpoint was 0.57 (95% credible interval: 0.37-0.86) and 0.58 (95% credible interval: 0.32-1.08) for all-cause death. Conclusions Despite the addition of the largest, dedicated cardiovascular outcome trial, the volume and quality of available data to definitively answer this question remain suboptimal. Notwithstanding these limitations, the available data suggest that GnRH antagonists are associated with fewer cardiovascular events, and possibly mortality, compared with GnRH agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Nelson
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Monash Heart, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Renato D. Lopes
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hwanhee Hong
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Hua
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan Slovin
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Center for Prostate and Urologic Cancers, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Sean Tan
- Monash Heart, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Deepak L. Bhatt
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Health System, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shaun G. Goodman
- Division of Cardiology, St. Michael’s Hospital, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Canadian VIGOUR Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christopher P. Evans
- Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Noel W. Clarke
- Department of Urology, The Christie and Salford Royal Hospitals, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Neal D. Shore
- Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, USA
| | - David Margel
- Division of Urology, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Laurence H. Klotz
- Division of Urology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bertrand Tombal
- Institut de Recherche Cliniques, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Darryl P. Leong
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- The Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Celestia S. Higano
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Kim SH, Jeon YJ, Bak JK, Yoo BN, Park JW, Ha YC, Lee YK. Association of Androgen Deprivation Therapy with Osteoporotic Fracture in Patients with Prostate Cancer with Low Tumor Burden Using a Retrospective Population-Based Propensity-Score-Matched Cohort. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2822. [PMID: 37345162 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) on osteoporotic fractures (OF) and its prognostic effect on overall survival in patients with localized or regional prostate cancer (PC) using the Korean National Insurance Dataset. A total of 8883 pairs of 1:1 propensity-score-matched patients with localized or regional PC were retrospectively enrolled between 2007 and 2016. All patients underwent at least 1 year of follow-up to evaluate therapeutic outcomes. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the prognostic effect of ADT on OF. During a mean follow-up of 47.7 months, 977 (3.43%) patients developed OF, and the incidences of hip, spine, and wrist fractures were significantly different between ADT and non-ADT groups (p < 0.05). The ADT group had a significantly higher incidence of OF (hazard ratio 2.055, 95% confidence interval 1.747-2.417) than the non-ADT group (p < 0.05), and the incidence of spine/hip/wrist OF was significantly higher in the ADT group regardless of the PC stage (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis failed to show any significant difference in overall survival between the two groups (p > 0.05). ADT resulted in a significantly higher incidence of OF among patients with localized and regional PC, but the overall survival did not differ between ADT and non-ADT groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Han Kim
- Department of Urology, Urologic Cancer Center, Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Jhin Jeon
- Department Statistics, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jean Kyung Bak
- National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA), Seoul 04933, Republic of Korea
| | - Bit-Na Yoo
- National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency (NECA), Seoul 04933, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Wee Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seognam 13620, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Chan Ha
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul Bumin Hospital, Seoul 07590, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyun Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seognam 13620, Republic of Korea
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Alberto M, Yim A, Lawrentschuk N, Bolton D. Dysfunctional Lipid Metabolism-The Basis for How Genetic Abnormalities Express the Phenotype of Aggressive Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020341. [PMID: 36672291 PMCID: PMC9857232 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer in men, with increasing prevalence due to an ageing population. Advanced prostate cancer is diagnosed in up to 20% of patients, and, therefore, it is important to understand evolving mechanisms of progression. Significant morbidity and mortality can occur in advanced prostate cancer where treatment options are intrinsically related to lipid metabolism. Dysfunctional lipid metabolism has long been known to have a relationship to prostate cancer development; however, only recently have studies attempted to elucidate the exact mechanism relating genetic abnormalities and lipid metabolic pathways. Contemporary research has established the pathways leading to prostate cancer development, including dysregulated lipid metabolism-associated de novo lipogenesis through steroid hormone biogenesis and β-oxidation of fatty acids. These pathways, in relation to treatment, have formed potential novel targets for management of advanced prostate cancer via androgen deprivation. We review basic lipid metabolism pathways and their relation to hypogonadism, and further explore prostate cancer development with a cellular emphasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Alberto
- Department of Urology, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Arthur Yim
- Department of Urology, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Nathan Lawrentschuk
- Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Damien Bolton
- Department of Urology, Austin Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Alibhai SMH, Papadopoulos E, Durbano S, Tomlinson G, Mina DS, Ritvo P, Sabiston CM, Matthew AG, Chiarotto J, Sidani S, Culos-Reed SN. Preference-based versus randomized controlled trial in prostate cancer survivors: Comparison of recruitment, adherence, attrition, and clinical outcomes. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1033229. [PMID: 36578945 PMCID: PMC9791189 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1033229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Patients' unwillingness to be randomized to a mode of exercise may partly explain their poor recruitment, adherence, and attrition in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of exercise in oncology. It is unknown whether a preference-based trial can improve recruitment, adherence, retention, and clinical outcomes compared to a RCT of the same exercise interventions. Objective We assessed the effects of a 2-arm exercise preference trial on adherence and clinical outcomes compared to a similar 2-arm RCT in men with prostate cancer (PC). Methods This was a two-arm preference-based trial of group-based training (GROUP) or home-based training (HOME). PC survivors on androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) who declined randomization to the RCT but chose to participate in a preference trial were recruited in four Canadian centers. All study participants engaged in aerobic and resistance training, 4-5 days weekly for 6 months, aiming for 150 minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The primary outcomes were changes from baseline to 6 months in fatigue and functional endurance. Secondary outcomes were quality of life, physical fitness, body composition, blood markers, and adherence. Linear mixed models were used to assess the effects of HOME versus GROUP on primary outcomes. In pooled preference and RCT data, the selection effect (i.e., difference between those who were and were not willing to be randomized) and treatment effect (i.e., difference between GROUP and HOME) were estimated using linear regression. Results and conclusion Fifty-four participants (mean [SD] age, 70.2 [8.6] years) were enrolled (GROUP n=17; HOME n=37). Comparable effects on primary and secondary outcomes were observed following GROUP or HOME in the preference-based trial. Adherence was similar between preference and RCT participants. However, attrition was higher in the RCT (50.0% vs. 27.8%, p= 0.04). Compared to GROUP, HOME was more effective in ameliorating fatigue (mean difference: +5.2, 95%CI=1.3 to 9.3 p=0.01) in pooled preference and RCT data. A preference-based trial results in comparable observed effects on clinical outcomes and adherence and lower attrition compared with a RCT of the same exercise interventions in PC survivors on ADT. Given the appeals of preference-based trials to study participants, additional studies are warranted. Clinical trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, identifier (NCT03335631).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabbir M. H. Alibhai
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Shabbir M. H. Alibhai,
| | | | - Sara Durbano
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George Tomlinson
- Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Santa Mina
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Ritvo
- Department of Psychology, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Catherine M. Sabiston
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew G. Matthew
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James Chiarotto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Scarborough Health Network, Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Souraya Sidani
- Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S. Nicole Culos-Reed
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Zarbá M, Angel M, Losco F, Zarbá JJ, Pupilli JC, Chacon MR, Sade JP. Experience of bipolar androgen therapy (BAT) in Argentinian oncology centres. Ecancermedicalscience 2022; 16:1480. [PMID: 36819799 PMCID: PMC9934967 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2022.1480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies with bipolar androgen therapy (BAT) have shown clinical activity in metastatic Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC) as well as the potential to re-sensitise prostate cancer cells to prior androgen receptor-targeted agents. None of these studies had tested BAT after chemotherapy. In this study, we gathered real-world evidence from three centres in Argentina where BAT is being used in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), not only prior to chemotherapy but also after several lines of treatment. Materials and methods This retro-prospective nonrandomised multicentre cohort study included patients with mCRPC, who received BAT in different scenarios defined by the treating physician at three centres in Argentina. Results A total of 21 asymptomatic patients with mCRPC were included. There was a median of two lines before BAT, with nine patients (42.8%) receiving three or more lines, and 13 patients (61.9%) receiving chemotherapy previously. Previous lines included next-generation hormonal agents (NHA) in 100% (abiraterone 33.3% and enzalutamide 71.4%), chemotherapy in 61.9%, Radium-223 in 47.6% and others in 4.8%. The progression free survival (PFS) after BAT was 3.5 months (95% CI: 3.06-7.97). PSA50 response rate (RR) was 28.5% and the overall RR was 14.3%. Of the 17 patients who had disease progression, 9 had a rechallenge to NHA, achieving a 55% RR, 6 received other treatment (chemotherapy in 5 and 177Lu-PSMA in 1) with a 66% RR and 2 best supportive care. The PFS2, calculated after the initiation of BAT in the 15 patients who received further therapy, was 7.93 months (95% CI: 6.73-NR). Treatment was overall well tolerated, with only two patients requiring hospitalisation and treatment interruption due to worsening pain. Conclusion To the authors' knowledge, this is the first publication of BAT in later lines of therapy in mCRPC. BAT showed clinical activity in this scenario. Our data supports that BAT may play a role in CRPC re-sensitisation after multiple treatment lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Zarbá
- FUCA, Instituto Alexander Fleming, CABA C1426ANZ, Argentina,https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3642-4035
| | - Martin Angel
- Genitourinary Tumors Department, Instituto Alexander Fleming, CABA C1426ANZ, Argentina,These authors have contributed equally to this work.,https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1463-8887
| | - Federico Losco
- Genitourinary Tumors Department, Instituto Alexander Fleming, CABA C1426ANZ, Argentina,https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5084-3012
| | - Juan José Zarbá
- Oncology Department, Hospital Zenon Santillan, San Miguel de Tucuman T4000IAK, Argentina,https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-3993
| | - Juan Carlos Pupilli
- Genitourinary Tumors Department, Sanatorio Británico Rosario, Santa Fé S2000ANZ, Argentina
| | - Matías Rodrigo Chacon
- Oncology Department, Instituto Alexander Fleming, CABA C1426ANZ, Argentina,https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6872-4185
| | - Juan Pablo Sade
- Genitourinary Tumors Department, Instituto Alexander Fleming, CABA C1426ANZ, Argentina,https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9312-5280
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9
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Jonušas J, Drevinskaitė M, Patašius A, Kinčius M, Janulionis E, Smailytė G. Androgen-deprivation therapy and risk of death from cardio-vascular disease in prostate cancer patients: a nationwide lithuanian population-based cohort study. Aging Male 2022; 25:173-179. [PMID: 35882633 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2022.2091130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk of CVD mortality in the national cohort of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer and treated with ADT compared with the ADT non-users.Materials and methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients aged 40-79 years and diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1 January 2012 and 31 December 2016 using the Lithuanian Cancer registry data. In total, 13 343 prostate cancer patients were included in the final study cohort who exclusively used gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists. The primary outcomes that were registered during the follow-up of this study were overall CVD death.Results: There was a higher risk of CVD death in the cohort of patients treated with ADT than in ADT non-users (HR 2.14, 95% CI [1.86-2.45], p < 0.001). Moreover, there was an increased risk of death from ischemic heart disease and stroke (HR 1.42, 95% CI [1.16-1.73] and 1.70, 95% CI [1.18-2.45], respectively) among ADT users. Finally, the risk of CVD-related mortality was highest in the 70-79 age group of ADT users (HR 4.78, 95% CI [3.79-6.04]).Conclusions: This study shows that ADT usage is associated with increased CVD-related mortality risk for patients diagnosed with prostate cancer compared with ADT non-users. The highest mortality risk was found for ischemic heart disease and stroke. CVD-related mortality was increased in the elder group of patients also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justinas Jonušas
- Laboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
- External Beam Radiotherapy Department, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Aušvydas Patašius
- Laboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Marius Kinčius
- Laboratory of Clinical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, Family Medicine and Oncology Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ernestas Janulionis
- External Beam Radiotherapy Department, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Brachytherapy Department, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Giedrė Smailytė
- Laboratory of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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10
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Denmeade S, Lim SJ, Isaaccson Velho P, Wang H. PSA provocation by bipolar androgen therapy may predict duration of response to first-line androgen deprivation: Updated results from the BATMAN study. Prostate 2022; 82:1529-1536. [PMID: 35938545 PMCID: PMC9633380 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we reported results from the Phase II BATMAN study (Bipolar Androgen Therapy for Men with Androgen-ablation Naïve prostate cancer). This study (NCT01750398) was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a treatment regimen consisting of a 6-month lead in-phase of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) followed by alternating 3-month intervals of bipolar androgen therapy (BAT) and ADT alone. Here we report > 5-year follow-up related to the duration of subsequent ADT, response to first-line androgen receptor inhibitors, safety, and survival in men with castration-sensitive prostate cancer treated on the BATMAN study. METHODS Univariate Cox regression was utilized to compare overall survival between Responders who achieved a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of <4 ng/ml and Non-Responders who achieved a PSA level of ≥4 ng/ml after BAT/ADT. Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression were used to assess progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) on BAT and on subsequent abiraterone or enzalutamide and on the association between PSA peak during BAT and each time to event outcome. RESULTS Over median follow-up of 95 months, the median PFS on ADT for the entire cohort was 47.8. Median OS has not been reached (NR). Median OS for Non-Responders is 43 months versus NR (not reached) for responders (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.176, p = 0.002). Post-BAT, the PSA50 and PSA90 responses to abiraterone or enzalutamide were 94.4% and 66.7%, respectively and median PFS was 20.6 months. Patients with peak PSA level of ≥9 ng/ml after BAT had median PFS of 20.6 months versus NR for those having PSA < 9 ng/ml (HR: 0.122, p < 0.001). Median OS was 79.6 months for patients with PSA peak of ≥9 ng/ml versus NR for those having PSA peak of <9 ng/ml (HR: 0.409, p = 0.131). CONCLUSION The use of BAT as part of first-line hormonal therapy strategy does not induce adversely affect long-term survival or induce any significant long-term adverse sequelae in patients with prostate cancer. Cycling BAT may extend the duration of ADT response and enhance response to subsequent androgen ablative therapies. The magnitude of BAT-provoked increase in PSA may predict duration of ADT response and warrants further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Denmeade
- The Johns Hopkins Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Su J. Lim
- The Johns Hopkins Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pedro Isaaccson Velho
- The Johns Hopkins Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Hao Wang
- The Johns Hopkins Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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11
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Morote J, Gómez‐Caamaño A, de Celis RP, Gómez‐Veiga F, Ciria JP, Calleja J, Extramiana J, Pérez‐Sampietro M, Perrot V, Angulo JC. Effect of LHRH analogs on lower urinary tract symptoms associated with advanced prostate cancer in real clinical practice: ANALUTS study. Neurourol Urodyn 2022; 41:1824-1833. [PMID: 36069170 PMCID: PMC9826298 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To estimate the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients with prostate cancer scheduled to receive LHRH analogs, and to assess the effectiveness of LHRH analogs on LUTS in patients presenting moderate/severe symptoms. METHODS Prospective, noninterventional, multicenter study conducted at 28 centers in Spain and Portugal. LUTS were evaluated using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) at baseline, 24 and 48 weeks after initiation of treatment. Subanalyses were performed according to age and concomitant treatment (radiotherapy, alpha-blockers, and antiandrogens). RESULTS A total of 354 patients were treated with LHRH analogs for 48 weeks. The percentage of patients with moderate/severe LUTS (IPSS > 7) decreased from 60.2% (n = 213/354) at baseline to 52.8% (n = 187/354) at Week 48. Among patients with moderate/severe LUTS at baseline: 73.7% (n = 157/213) still had moderate/severe LUTS at Week 48; percentage reductions of patients with LUTS at Week 48 were statistically significant (p < 0.05) overall and by age or concomitant treatment, except for alpha-blockers (84.2% patients receiving them still had moderate/severe LUTS at Week 48). All IPSS items, including quality of life for urinary symptoms, improved throughout the study. The only predictor of response to treatment with LHRH analogs that improved IPSS by 3 points after 48 weeks was baseline testosterone levels. Lower baseline testosterone levels were associated with greater improvement in IPSS after treatment with LHRH analogs (odds ratio 0.998, 95% confidence interval 0.996-1.000, p = 0.0277). CONCLUSION LHRH analogs have a positive effect in patients with locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer presenting moderate/severe LUTS regardless of age or concomitant treatment received (radiotherapy, antiandrogens, or alpha-blockers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Morote
- Department of UrologyVall d'Hebrón Hospital and Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Antonio Gómez‐Caamaño
- Department of Radiation OncologyHospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de CompostelaLa CoruñaSpain
| | | | | | - Juan P. Ciria
- Department of Radiation OncologyHospital Universitario DonostiaSan SebastiánSpain
| | - Jesús Calleja
- Department of UrologyHospital Clínico Universitario ValladolidValladolidSpain
| | | | | | | | - Javier C. Angulo
- Clinical Department, Hospital Universitario de GetafeUniversidad Europea de MadridMadridSpain
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12
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Shah YB, Shaver AL, Beiriger J, Mehta S, Nikita N, Kelly WK, Freedland SJ, Lu-Yao G. Outcomes Following Abiraterone versus Enzalutamide for Prostate Cancer: A Scoping Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153773. [PMID: 35954437 PMCID: PMC9367458 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abiraterone acetate (AA) and enzalutamide (ENZ) are commonly used for metastatic prostate cancer. It is unclear how their outcomes and toxicities vary with patient-specific factors because clinical trials typically exclude patients with significant comorbidities. This study aims to fill this knowledge gap and facilitate informed treatment decision making. A registered protocol utilizing PRISMA scoping review methodology was utilized to identify real-world studies. Of 433 non-duplicated publications, 23 were selected by three independent reviewers. ENZ offered a faster and more frequent biochemical response (30-50% vs. 70-75%), slowed progression (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.50-0.88), and improved overall survival versus AA. ENZ was associated with more fatigue and neurological adverse effects. Conversely, AA increased risk of cardiovascular- (HR 1.82; 95% CI 1.09-3.05) and heart failure-related (HR 2.88; 95% CI 1.09-7.63) hospitalizations. Ultimately, AA was associated with increased length of hospital stay, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations (HR 1.26; 95% CI 1.04-1.53). Accordingly, total costs were higher for AA, although pharmacy costs alone were higher for ENZ. Existing data suggest that AA and ENZ have important differences in outcomes including toxicities, response, disease progression, and survival. Additionally, adherence, healthcare utilization, and costs differ. Further investigation is warranted to inform treatment decisions which optimize patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash B. Shah
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (Y.B.S.); (J.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Amy L. Shaver
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.L.S.); (N.N.); (W.K.K.)
| | - Jacob Beiriger
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (Y.B.S.); (J.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Sagar Mehta
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (Y.B.S.); (J.B.); (S.M.)
| | - Nikita Nikita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.L.S.); (N.N.); (W.K.K.)
| | - William Kevin Kelly
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.L.S.); (N.N.); (W.K.K.)
| | - Stephen J. Freedland
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA;
- Section of Urology, Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Grace Lu-Yao
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (Y.B.S.); (J.B.); (S.M.)
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA; (A.L.S.); (N.N.); (W.K.K.)
- Jefferson College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-215-503-1195
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13
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Abstract
Bipolar androgen therapy (BAT) is a new treatment concept for men whose prostate cancer has become resistant to standard hormone-blocking therapy. Over the past decade, we have performed a series of clinical studies testing BAT in asymptomatic men with castration-resistant prostate cancer. The key findings from these clinical studies are that BAT (a) can be safely administered to asymptomatic patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer; (b) does not produce symptomatic disease progression; (c) produces sustained prostate-specific antigen and objective responses in 30%-40% of patients; and (d) can resensitize and prolong response to subsequent antiandrogen therapy. The concept of BAT has generated significant interest from men with prostate cancer, their families, and their physicians. Here we provide a "Patient's Guide" that answers questions about BAT in a form that is accessible to patients, their families, and physicians. Our goal is to provide information to help patients make the most informed decisions they can regarding their prostate cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emmanuel S Antonarakis
- The Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer CenterBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- University of Minnesota Masonic Cancer CenterMinneapolisMinnesotaUSA
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14
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Myers JS, Manson A, Billinger SA, Parker W, Hamilton-Reeves J, Diaz FJ, Krebill R, Maliski S. An Exploratory Study of Cognitive Function and Central Adiposity in Men Receiving Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2022; 49:142-150. [PMID: 35191898 DOI: 10.1188/22.onf.142-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To prospectively assess cognitive function, anthropomorphic measures, and bone mineral density in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer; explore relationships between cognitive function and central adiposity; and gather preliminary data from a personalized education, exercise, and nutrition intervention. SAMPLE & SETTING 33 participants consented from a randomized controlled intervention trial. METHODS & VARIABLES Neurocognitive performance and self-report of cognitive function were assessed at baseline and 6 and 12 months. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans were obtained at baseline and 6 months. RESULTS No between-group differences in cognitive function were demonstrated. Increased visceral adiposity was not associated with decrements in visuospatial abilities. Significant increases in fat mass without increases in body mass index or waist-hip ratio provided further evidence for DEXA as the preferred central adiposity measure. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Well-powered prospective research is needed to fully characterize the effects of ADT on cognitive function and the potential benefits of exercise and nutrition-based interventions.
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15
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Semeraro GC, Cipolla CM, Cardinale DM. Role of Cardiac Biomarkers in Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5426. [PMID: 34771589 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cardiac biomarkers have proved increasingly useful in the various branches of cardiology, not sparing the field of cardio-oncology. With specific reference to the latter subject, they have been investigated as predictors and/or diagnostic and monitoring tools, as well as prognostic factors, with the purpose of allowing the early prevention of many cardiovascular complications related to the direct action of some cancer types or related to the toxicity of its treatments. However, despite this great potential and excellent cost-effectiveness, their usefulness in some areas still seems to be limited due to lack of sufficient specificity or sensitivity. In fact, in clinical practice, while their use is nowadays standard in some circumstances, evidence does not yet support their routine use in other cases. Abstract In patients with cancer—and especially some specific subtypes—the heart can be pathologically affected due to the direct action of the tumor or its secretion products or due to the toxicity of some oncological treatments. Cardiac biomarkers have been investigated as inexpensive and easily accessible tools for prediction, early diagnosis, monitoring, or prognosis of various forms of cancer-related cardiac diseases. However, their clinical usefulness was not always clearly demonstrated in every area of cardioncology. For the identification of anthracycline related cardiotoxicity in the very early stages troponins proved to be more efficient detectors than imaging methods. Nevertheless, the lack of a standardized dosage methodology and of cardiotoxicity specific thresholds, do not yet allow to outline the precise way to employ them in clinical routine and to incorporate them into appropriate diagnostic or managing algorithms. Cardiac biomarkers proved also effective in patients with primary cardiac amyloidosis, in which both troponins and natriuretic peptides were able to predict adverse outcome, and carcinoid heart disease, where a precise diagnostic cut-off for N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) was identified to screen patients with valvular involvement. Likewise, NT-proBNP proved to be an excellent predictor of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). On the contrary, evidence is still not sufficient to promote the routine use of cardiac biomarkers to early diagnose myocarditis due to immune check points inhibitors (ICIs), radiotherapy induced cardiotoxicity and cardiac complications related to androgenetic deprivation. In this review we present all the evidence gathered so far regarding the usefulness and limitations of these relatively inexpensive diagnostic tools in the field of cardio-oncology.
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16
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Bensley JG, Dhillon HM, Evans SM, Evans M, Bolton D, Davis ID, Dodds L, Frydenberg M, Kearns P, Lawrentschuk N, Murphy DG, Millar JL, Papa N. Self-reported lack of energy or feeling depressed 12 months after treatment in men diagnosed with prostate cancer within a population-based registry. Psychooncology 2021; 31:496-503. [PMID: 34623735 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Feeling depressed and lethargic are common side effects of prostate cancer (PCa) and its treatments. We examined the incidence and severity of feeling depressed and lack of energy in patients in a population based PCa registry. METHODS We included men diagnosed with PCa between 2015 and 2019 in Victoria, Australia, and enrolled in the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Registry. The primary outcome measures were responses to two questions on the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite (EPIC-26) patient reported instrument: problems with feeling depressed and problems with lack of energy 12 months following treatment. We evaluated associations between these and age, cancer risk category, treatment type, and urinary, bowel, and sexual function. RESULTS Both outcome questions were answered by 9712 out of 12,628 (77%) men. 981 patients (10%) reported at least moderate problems with feeling depressed; 1563 (16%) had at least moderate problems with lack of energy and 586 (6.0%) with both. Younger men reported feeling depressed more frequently than older men. Lack of energy was more common for treatments that included androgen deprivation therapy than not (moderate/big problems: 31% vs. 13%), irrespective of disease risk category. Both outcomes were associated with poorer urinary, bowel, and sexual functional domain scores. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported depressive feelings and lack of energy were frequent in this population-based registry. Problems with feeling depressed were more common in younger men and lack of energy more common in men having hormonal treatment. Clinicians should be aware of the incidence of these symptoms in these at-risk groups and be able to screen for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Bensley
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Haryana M Dhillon
- Psycho-Oncology Cooperative Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-Based Decision-Making, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sue M Evans
- Victorian Cancer Registry, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie Evans
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damien Bolton
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian D Davis
- Medical Oncology Unit, Eastern Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lachlan Dodds
- Ballarat Health Services, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Frydenberg
- Department of Surgery, Cabrini Institute, Cabrini Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Nathan Lawrentschuk
- Department of Surgery and Department of Urology, University of Melbourne at Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,EJ Whitten Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Epworth Healthcare, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Declan G Murphy
- Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremy L Millar
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Radiation Oncology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nathan Papa
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Rossignol T, Gourtaud G, Senechal C, Sadreux Y, Roux V, Blanchet P, Brureau L. Characteristics and progression-free survival of Afro-Caribbean men with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer at the time of diagnosis. Prostate 2021; 81:1091-1096. [PMID: 34320690 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) accounts for 12% of prostate cancers diagnosed in Guadeloupe according to the Guadeloupean cancer registry. Most published studies have been conducted on the Caucasian population, whereas data concerning mHSPC in the Afro-Caribbean population are lacking. We aimed to describe the patient characteristics and estimate the progression-free survival of men with mHSPC in an Afro-Caribbean population according to the available treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a monocentric retrospective study that consecutively included 133 men with mHSPC between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2019 at the University Hospital of Guadeloupe. The primary endpoint was a description of the patients' characteristics with a description of complications at diagnosis. The secondary endpoint was progression-free survival. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox proportional hazard analyses were performed. RESULTS The median age at diagnosis was 71 years. The median prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was 147 ng/ml and 37% of patients presented with a disease-related complication at diagnosis. The survival analysis according to treatment showed median survival of 15 months for the androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) + chemotherapy group, 20 months for the ADT + new hormone therapy group, and 21.5 months for the ADT alone group, with no significant difference between the three therapeutic options (log-rank test: 0.27). In univariate analysis, none of the patient characteristics at diagnosis (i.e., age, PSA, bone lesions, visceral lesions) were significantly associated with the risk of progression, regardless of the treatment. CONCLUSION There was no significant difference in terms of progression-free survival between currently validated treatments administered in the first line, regardless of the tumor volume or risk group. Future studies with larger numbers of patients and involving molecular factors are required to confirm or invalidate these results and understand the evolution of prostate cancer in our population and thus better prevent complications related to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gilles Gourtaud
- Service d'Urologie, CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Cédric Senechal
- Service d'Urologie, CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Yvane Sadreux
- Service d'Urologie, CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Virginie Roux
- Service d'Urologie, CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Pascal Blanchet
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Univ Antilles, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Laurent Brureau
- CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Univ Antilles, Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), Pointe-à-Pitre, France
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18
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Mahjoub S, Heidenreich A. Oligometastatic prostate cancer: definition and the role of local and systemic therapy: a narrative review. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:3167-3175. [PMID: 34430419 PMCID: PMC8350250 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The definition of oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC) includes a heterogenous group of disease states, mostly defined by the number and site of metastases, which seems to be biologically different to widespread tumors. Evidence suggests a substantial survival benefit for this subgroup of limited metastatic burden which is currently seen as a potentially curable disease and therefore with an increasing interest in the scientific community. As there is still no consensus on the definition of OMPC, commonly used criteria are based on the CHAARTED and LATITUDE trials. The management algorithms for these patients were rapidly changing in the past decade due to recent data with a paradigm shift to a multimodal intensification of the treatment by the availability of combinations of hormonal therapy with taxane-based chemotherapy and androgen-receptor-targeted agents leading to significant improvement of clinical outcomes. In addition, radiotherapy of the primary tumor is associated with significant survival benefit in patients with OMPC establishing a new arm in the multimodal treatment concept. Recent data on metastases directed therapy and cytoreductive prostatectomy showed promising results, while there is still a lack of prospective trials and therefore should be limited to experimental settings. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the existing data on treatment of OMPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Mahjoub
- Department of Urology, Uro-Oncology, Robot-assisted and Specialized Urologic Surgery, Cologne University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel Heidenreich
- Department of Urology, Uro-Oncology, Robot-assisted and Specialized Urologic Surgery, Cologne University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
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Formenti AM, Dalla Volta A, di Filippo L, Berruti A, Giustina A. Effects of Medical Treatment of Prostate Cancer on Bone Health. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:135-158. [PMID: 33509658 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Medical treatment of prostate cancer (PC) is multidisciplinary, resulting in prolonged survival. Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) can have negative effects on skeletal metabolism, particularly if combined with glucocorticoids. We discuss the pathophysiology and effects of ADT and glucocorticoids on skeletal endpoints, as well as the awareness and management of bone fragility. Coadministration of glucocorticoids is necessary with abiraterone because this causes a novel acquired form of 17-hydroxylase deficiency and synergistically increases the risk of fracture by affecting bone quality. Bone antiresorptive agents [selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMS), bisphosphonates, and denosumab] increase bone mineral density (BMD) and in some instances reduce fracture risk in PC patients on ADT. Awareness and management of bone health in PC can be improved by integrating endocrinologists into the multidisciplinary PC team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Formenti
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele Vita Salute University, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Dalla Volta
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigi di Filippo
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele Vita Salute University, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Medical Oncology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Giustina
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Sciences, San Raffaele Vita Salute University, Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy.
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Sheikhbahaei S, Reyes DK, Rowe SP, Pienta KJ. CT-based assessment of body composition following neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy in patients with castration-naïve oligometastatic prostate cancer. Prostate 2021; 81:127-134. [PMID: 33259087 PMCID: PMC7839584 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study is to assess the body composition changes in men with recently diagnosed oligometastatic prostate cancer following neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy. Further, we evaluated whether CT-based body composition parameters are associated with biochemical recurrence or imaging progression. MATERIAL AND METHODS Recently diagnosed castration-naïve oligometastatic prostate cancer patients who received neoadjuvant docetaxel chemotherapy and androgen deprivation treatment (ADT) before prostatectomy and consolidation of local and oligometastatic disease (total eradication therapy), as part of a phase-II prospective clinical trial were included. Body composition parameters including cross-sectional areas of the psoas muscle, total, visceral, and subcutaneous adipose tissue were measured on serial CT scans obtained before and following completion of neoadjuvant treatment. RESULTS A total of 22 prostate cancer patients were included (median age 58 years, median Gleason score 8). The median time intervals between commencement of neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy and first and second follow-up CTs were 3 and 12 months, respectively. Compared to the baseline scan, there were significant declines in psoas muscle cross-sectional areas with estimated percentage declines of -13.9% (IQR: 7.6%-16.5%, p < .001) and -13.2% (IQR: 6%-11.2%, p < .001) on first and second follow-up CTs. There were significant increases in subcutaneous adipose tissue following neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy with percentage increases of +8.9% (IQR: 5.1%-21.5%, p = .002) and +18.9% (IQR: 6.1%-33.8%, p < .001), respectively. The median follow-up was 34.5 months. The estimated 2-year prostate-specific antigen progression-free and radiologic progression-free survival were 95.5%. No significant association between baseline or percentage change in body composition parameters and disease progression were identified. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed a significant reduction in muscle mass and an increase in subcutaneous adiposity in men treated with neoadjuvant docetaxel and ADT, more pronounced on the first follow-up scan after completion of neoadjuvant treatment. Body composition parameters were not found to be significant predictors of disease progression in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sheikhbahaei
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Diane K. Reyes
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urologic InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Steven P. Rowe
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological ScienceJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Kenneth J. Pienta
- Department of Urology, The James Buchanan Brady Urologic InstituteJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Department of OncologyJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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Cheung AS, Hoermann R, Zhu J, Lim Joon D, Zajac JD, Grossmann M. Zoledronic acid does not affect insulin resistance in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy: a prespecified secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2021; 12:20420188211012118. [PMID: 34104395 PMCID: PMC8111529 DOI: 10.1177/20420188211012118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal studies suggest that undercarboxylated osteocalcin may improve insulin sensitivity via its effect on testicular testosterone production. Human studies have been conflicting. Men undergoing androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for prostate cancer experience profound hypogonadism resulting in increased insulin resistance. In a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of zoledronic acid versus placebo in men commencing extended-duration ADT, we aimed to examine the effects on fat mass and glucose metabolism. We hypothesised that zoledronic acid, which reduces osteocalcin concentrations, would worsen ADT-induced insulin resistance. METHODS This was a prespecified secondary analysis of an RCT designed to evaluate the effects of zoledronic acid on bone microarchitecture in 76 men with non-metastatic prostate cancer undergoing curative radiotherapy combined with adjuvant ADT (n = 39 randomised to a single dose of zoledronic acid 5 mg, n = 37 randomised to matching placebo). Oral glucose tolerance tests to determine Matsuda Index were performed at 0, 3, 12 and 24 months. Using a mixed model, mean adjusted differences [MAD (95% confidence interval)] between the groups over time are reported. RESULTS Over 24 months of ADT, fat mass increased and lean mass decreased for both groups, with no significant between group difference [MAD 401 g (-1307; 2103), p = 0.23 and -184 g (-1325; 955), p = 0.36 respectively]. Bone remodelling markers C-telopeptide [MAD -176 ng/l (-275; -76), p < 0.001 and P1NP -18 mg/l (-32; -5), p < 0.001] as a surrogate for osteocalcin, remained significantly lower in the zoledronic acid group, compared with placebo. There was no mean adjusted between-group difference for homeostatic model assessment 2 insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) [-0.2 (-0.6; 0.2), p = 0.45], HbA1c [-0.1% (-0.3; 0.1), p = 0.64] or Matsuda Index [0.8 (-1.1; 2.7), p = 0.38]. The Matsuda Index decreased in both groups consistent with worsening insulin resistance with ADT. CONCLUSION A single dose of zoledronic acid does not appear to influence glucose metabolism in men newly commencing ADT. Further study to evaluate the endocrine relationship between bisphosphonates, bone and glucose metabolism is required. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01006395].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ada S. Cheung
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Rudolf Hoermann
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jasmine Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Daryl Lim Joon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeffrey D. Zajac
- Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
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22
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Hahn O, Heining FM, Janzen J, Becker JCR, Bertlich M, Thelen P, Mansour JJ, Duensing S, Pahernik S, Trojan L, Popeneciu IV. Modulating the Heat Sensitivity of Prostate Cancer Cell Lines In Vitro: A New Impact for Focal Therapies. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E585. [PMID: 33316876 PMCID: PMC7763367 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8120585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal therapies such as high-intensity focused ultrasound (HiFU) are an emerging therapeutic option for prostate cancer (PCA). Thermal or mechanical effects mediate most therapies. Moreover, locally administered drugs such as bicalutamide or docetaxel are new focal therapeutic options. We assessed the impact of such focal medical treatments on cell viability and heat sensitivity by pre-treating PCA cell lines and then gradually exposing them to heat. The individual heat response of the cell lines tested differed largely. Vertebral-Cancer of the Prostate (VCaP) cells showed an increase in metabolic activity at 40-50 °C. Androgen receptor (AR)-negative PC3 cells showed an increase at 51.3 °C and were overall more resistant to higher temperatures. Pre-treatment of VCaP cells with testosterone (VCaPrev) leads to a more PC3-like kinetic of the heat response. Pre-treatment with finasteride and bicalutamide did not cause changes in heat sensitivity in any cell line. Mitoxantrone treatment, however, shifted heat-induced proliferation loss to lower temperature in VCaP cells. Further analysis via RNAseq identified a possible correlation of heat resistance with H3K27me3-dependent gene regulation, which could be related to an increase in the histone methyltransferase EZH2 and a possible neuroendocrine differentiation. Pre-treatment with mitoxantrone might be a perspective for HiFU treatment. Further studies are needed to evaluate possible combinations with Hsp90 or EZH2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Hahn
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (F.M.H.); (J.J.); (J.C.R.B.); (M.B.); (P.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Franziska M. Heining
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (F.M.H.); (J.J.); (J.C.R.B.); (M.B.); (P.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Jörn Janzen
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (F.M.H.); (J.J.); (J.C.R.B.); (M.B.); (P.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Johanna C. R. Becker
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (F.M.H.); (J.J.); (J.C.R.B.); (M.B.); (P.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Marina Bertlich
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (F.M.H.); (J.J.); (J.C.R.B.); (M.B.); (P.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Paul Thelen
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (F.M.H.); (J.J.); (J.C.R.B.); (M.B.); (P.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Josef J. Mansour
- Department of Urology, Heidelberg School of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.J.M.); (S.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefan Duensing
- Department of Urology, Heidelberg School of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.J.M.); (S.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Sascha Pahernik
- Department of Urology, Heidelberg School of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.J.M.); (S.D.); (S.P.)
- Department of Urology, Paracelsus Medical University Nuremberg, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Trojan
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (F.M.H.); (J.J.); (J.C.R.B.); (M.B.); (P.T.); (L.T.)
| | - Ionel V. Popeneciu
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (F.M.H.); (J.J.); (J.C.R.B.); (M.B.); (P.T.); (L.T.)
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Kato Y, Shigehara K, Kawaguchi S, Izumi K, Kadono Y, Mizokami A. Recovery of serum testosterone following neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy in Japanese prostate cancer patients treated with low-dose rate brachytherapy. Aging Male 2020; 23:1210-1216. [PMID: 32096413 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2020.1731450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the time course of total testosterone (TT) recovery after cessation of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in Japanese patients treated with brachytherapy. METHODS In total, 125 patients with prostate cancer received 6 months of neoadjuvant ADT (nADT) followed by low-dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy. TT was measured every 3 months after cessation of nADT, and some predictive factors affecting TT recovery were analyzed. RESULTS The cumulative incidence rates of TT recovery to normal levels (TT ≥ 3.0 ng/mL) after 12 and 24 months cessation were 49.6% and 81.6%, respectively. The median interval to recover to normal TT was 15 months. In multivariate analysis, the use of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist as nADT significantly earlier improved to recovery to normal TT level (p = 0.046). Conversely, higher body mass index (BMI) and hypertension significantly prolonged TT recovery to normal (p = 0.026 and p = 0.026, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Approximately one-fifth of patients still had low TT levels 2 years after the cessation of 6 months nADT before LDR brachytherapy. Use of a GnRH agonist, higher BMI, and hypertension were the predictive factors for slower TT recovery to normal TT levels after the cessation of nADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kato
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Shigehara
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Shohei Kawaguchi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kouji Izumi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kadono
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mizokami
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Gamat-Huber M, Jeon D, Johnson LE, Moseman JE, Muralidhar A, Potluri HK, Rastogi I, Wargowski E, Zahm CD, McNeel DG. Treatment Combinations with DNA Vaccines for the Treatment of Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC). Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102831. [PMID: 33008010 PMCID: PMC7601088 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The only vaccine approved by FDA as a treatment for cancer is sipuleucel-T, a therapy for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Most investigators studying anti-tumor vaccines believe they will be most effective as parts of combination therapies, rather than used alone. Unfortunately, the cost and complexity of sipuleucel-T makes it difficult to feasibly be used in combination with many other agents. In this review article we discuss the use of DNA vaccines as a simpler vaccine approach that has demonstrated efficacy in several animal species. We discuss the use of DNA vaccines in combination with traditional treatments for mCRPC, and other immune-modulating treatments, in preclinical and early clinical trials for patients with mCRPC. Abstract Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is a challenging disease to treat, with poor outcomes for patients. One antitumor vaccine, sipuleucel-T, has been approved as a treatment for mCRPC. DNA vaccines are another form of immunotherapy under investigation. DNA immunizations elicit antigen-specific T cells that cause tumor cell lysis, which should translate to meaningful clinical responses. They are easily amenable to design alterations, scalable for large-scale manufacturing, and thermo-stable for easy transport and distribution. Hence, they offer advantages over other vaccine formulations. However, clinical trials with DNA vaccines as a monotherapy have shown only modest clinical effects against tumors. Standard therapies for CRPC including androgen-targeted therapies, radiation therapy and chemotherapy all have immunomodulatory effects, which combined with immunotherapies such as DNA vaccines, could potentially improve treatment. In addition, many investigational drugs are being developed which can augment antitumor immunity, and together with DNA vaccines can further enhance antitumor responses in preclinical models. We reviewed the literature available prior to July 2020 exploring the use of DNA vaccines in the treatment of prostate cancer. We also examined various approved and experimental therapies that could be combined with DNA vaccines to potentially improve their antitumor efficacy as treatments for mCRPC.
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25
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de Nie I, de Blok CJM, van der Sluis TM, Barbé E, Pigot GLS, Wiepjes CM, Nota NM, van Mello NM, Valkenburg NE, Huirne J, Gooren LJG, van Moorselaar RJA, Dreijerink KMA, den Heijer M. Prostate Cancer Incidence under Androgen Deprivation: Nationwide Cohort Study in Trans Women Receiving Hormone Treatment. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5864158. [PMID: 32594155 PMCID: PMC7379905 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Trans women (male sex assigned at birth, female gender identity) mostly use antiandrogens combined with estrogens and can subsequently undergo vaginoplasty including orchiectomy. Because the prostate remains in situ after this procedure, trans women are still at risk for prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE To assess the incidence of prostate cancer in trans women using hormone treatment. The incidence of prostate cancer in trans women using hormone treatment. DESIGN In this nationwide retrospective cohort study, data of participants were linked to the Dutch national pathology database and to Statistics Netherlands to obtain data on prostate cancer diagnosis and mortality. SETTING Gender identity clinic. PARTICIPANTS Trans women who visited our clinic between 1972 and 2016 and received hormone treatment were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated using the number of observed prostate cancer cases in our cohort and the number of expected cases based on age-specific incidence numbers from the Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organization. RESULTS The study population consisted of 2281 trans women with a median follow-up time of 14 years (interquartile range 7-24), and a total follow-up time of 37 117 years. Six prostate cancer cases were identified after a median 17 years of hormone treatment. This resulted in a lower prostate cancer risk in trans women than in Dutch reference males (SIR 0.20, 95% confidence interval 0.08-0.42). CONCLUSIONS Trans women receiving androgen deprivation therapy and estrogens have a substantially lower risk for prostate cancer than the general male population. Our results support the hypothesis that androgen deprivation has a preventive effect on the initiation and development of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris de Nie
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christel J M de Blok
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim M van der Sluis
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ellis Barbé
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Garry L S Pigot
- Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chantal M Wiepjes
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke M Nota
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Norah M van Mello
- Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Noelle E Valkenburg
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Huirne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louis J G Gooren
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Koen M A Dreijerink
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin den Heijer
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Centre of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Correspondence and Reprint Requests: M. den Heijer, MD PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Section Endocrinology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam. E-mail:
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26
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Merchenthaler I, Lane M, Stennett C, Zhan M, Nguyen V, Prokai-Tatrai K, Prokai L. Brain-Selective Estrogen Therapy Prevents Androgen Deprivation-Associated Hot Flushes in a Rat Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E119. [PMID: 32531919 PMCID: PMC7344942 DOI: 10.3390/ph13060119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hot flushes are best-known for affecting menopausal women, but men who undergo life-saving castration due to androgen-sensitive prostate cancer also suffer from these vasomotor symptoms. Estrogen deficiency in these patients is a direct consequence of androgen deprivation, because estrogens (notably 17β-estradiol, E2) are produced from testosterone. Although estrogens alleviate hot flushes in these patients, they also cause adverse systemic side effects. Because only estrogens can provide mitigation of hot flushes on the basis of current clinical practices, there is an unmet need for an effective and safe pharmacotherapeutic intervention that would also greatly enhance patient adherence. To this end, we evaluated treatment of orchidectomized (ORDX) rats with 10β, 17β-dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED), a brain-selective bioprecursor prodrug of E2. A pilot pharmacokinetic study using oral administration of DHED to these animals revealed the formation of E2 in the brain without the appearance of the hormone in the circulation. Therefore, DHED treatment alleviated androgen deprivation-associated hot flushes without peripheral impact in the ORDX rat model. Concomitantly, we showed that DHED-derived E2 induced progesterone receptor gene expression in the hypothalamus without stimulating galanin expression in the anterior pituitary, further indicating the lack of systemic estrogen exposure upon oral treatment with DHED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Istvan Merchenthaler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.L.); (C.S.); (M.Z.)
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Malcolm Lane
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.L.); (C.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Christina Stennett
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.L.); (C.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Min Zhan
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (M.L.); (C.S.); (M.Z.)
| | - Vien Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (V.N.); (K.P.-T.); (L.P.)
- AgyPharma LLC, Mansfield, TX 76063, USA
| | - Katalin Prokai-Tatrai
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (V.N.); (K.P.-T.); (L.P.)
- AgyPharma LLC, Mansfield, TX 76063, USA
| | - Laszlo Prokai
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (V.N.); (K.P.-T.); (L.P.)
- AgyPharma LLC, Mansfield, TX 76063, USA
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Enokida H, Yamada Y, Tatarano S, Yoshino H, Yonemori M, Sakaguchi T, Nishimura H, Eura R, Nakagawa M. Oncological outcome of neoadjuvant low-dose estramustine plus LHRH agonist/antagonist followed by extended radical prostatectomy for Japanese patients with high-risk localized prostate cancer: a prospective single-arm study. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2020; 50:66-72. [PMID: 31665352 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyz138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with advanced high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) are prone to have worse pathological diagnoses of positive surgical margins and/or lymph node invasion, resulting in early biochemical recurrence (BCR) despite having undergone radical prostatectomy (RP). Therefore, it is controversial whether patients with high-risk PCa should undergo RP. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy (NAC) followed by "extended" RP. METHODS A total of 87 patients with high-risk PCa prospectively underwent extended RP after NAC; most of the patients underwent 6 months of estramustine phosphate (EMP) 140 mg twice daily, along with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist/antagonist. We developed our surgical technique to reduce the rate of positive surgical margins. We aimed to approach the muscle layer of the rectum by dissecting the mesorectal fascia and continuing the dissection through the mesorectum until the muscle layer of the rectum was exposed. RESULTS More than 1 year had elapsed after surgery in all 86 patients, with a median follow-up period of 37.7 months. The 3-year BCR-free survival was 74.9%. Multivariate Cox-regression analysis revealed that a positive core ratio of 50% or greater and pathological stage of pT3 or greater were independent predictors for BCR. About 17 of 23 cases received salvage androgen deprivation therapy and concurrent external beam radiotherapy, and showed no progression after the salvage therapies. CONCLUSIONS NAC concordant with extended RP is feasible and might provide good cancer control for patients with high-risk PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Enokida
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Yamada
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tatarano
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yoshino
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masaya Yonemori
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakaguchi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nishimura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Rumiko Eura
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
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Krysiak R, Kowalcze K, Okopień B. The effect of spironolactone on thyroid autoimmunity in euthyroid men with Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Clin Pharm Ther 2019; 45:152-159. [PMID: 31520539 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.13046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Hashimoto's thyroiditis, also referred to as autoimmune thyroiditis, is characterized by sexual dimorphism, suggesting an important role of sex hormones in its development. No interventional study has investigated whether drugs exerting antiandrogen properties affect thyroid antibody titres and thyroid function tests in subjects with autoimmune thyroiditis. METHODS This study included 35 levothyroxine-naïve men with euthyroid Hashimoto's thyroiditis. At the physician's discretion, 18 men were then treated with spironolactone (50-200 mg daily), while the remaining patients (n = 17) received other diuretics. Serum levels of thyrotropin, free thyroid hormones, testosterone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, as well as titres of thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin, were measured at the beginning of the study and 6 months later. Based on hormone levels, constant structure parameters of thyroid homeostasis were calculated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION At baseline, there was no difference between the treatment arms in terms of thyroid antibody titres, hormone levels and the calculated parameters of thyroid homeostasis. Thirty-two patients completed the study. Spironolactone increased thyroid antibody titres, decreased testosterone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and reduced SPINA-GT. The drug produced a neutral effect on serum levels of thyrotropin, free thyroid hormones, Jostel's thyrotropin index and SPINA-GD. The effect of spironolactone on antibody titres correlated with treatment-induced changes in SPINA-GT, testosterone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. No significant changes in antibody titres, hormone levels and the calculated parameters of thyroid homeostasis were observed in spironolactone-naïve men. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION The obtained results indicate that spironolactone may exert an unfavourable effect on progression of autoimmune thyroiditis in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Krysiak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Karolina Kowalcze
- Department of Paediatrics in Bytom, School of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Bogusław Okopień
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Hijikata Y, Hashizume A, Yamada S, Ito D, Banno H, Suzuki K, Sobue G, Katsuno M. Long-term Effects of Androgen Deprivation in a Patient with Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy - A Case Report with 14 Years of Follow-up. Intern Med 2019; 58:2231-2234. [PMID: 30996158 PMCID: PMC6709315 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1592-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a progressive hereditary neuromuscular disease caused by the testosterone-dependent accumulation of pathogenic polyglutamine-expanded androgen receptor protein. A 41-year-old man with SBMA received the androgen deprivation agent leuprorelin acetate for 7 years in clinical trials and underwent castration following the trial. Suppression of testosterone levels for 14 years resulted in a slower disease progression, as measured prospectively with quantitative measurements, than the historical control data reported in previous studies. This suggests that long-term androgen deprivation delays disease progression in SBMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Hijikata
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hashizume
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Yamada
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ito
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Banno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Keisuke Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
- Innovation Center for Clinical Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan
| | - Gen Sobue
- Research Division of Dementia and Neurodegenerative Disease, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Abstract
Late-onset hypogonadism (LOH) is the term used to describe the decline in serum testosterone levels associated with increasing age in men above 40 years. A number of symptoms are attributed to LOH, but the most common association is that of sexual dysfunction. LOH has recently come under greater scrutiny with the widespread use of testosterone therapy, and concerns regarding the efficacy and safety of testosterone replacement therapy have been raised. In particular, the cardiovascular safety and the beneficial effects of testosterone replacement therapy on general health have been questioned. This review will give an overview of the current evidence for the relationship of LOH and male sexual dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharu Tharakan
- Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK.,Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Saiful Miah
- Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Channa Jayasena
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Urology, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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Miah S, Tharakan T, Gallagher KA, Shah TT, Winkler M, Jayasena CN, Ahmed HU, Minhas S. The effects of testosterone replacement therapy on the prostate: a clinical perspective. F1000Res 2019; 8. [PMID: 30828436 PMCID: PMC6392157 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.16497.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Male hypogonadism is a clinical syndrome characterized by low testosterone and symptoms of androgen deficiency. Prostate cancer remains a significant health burden and cause of male mortality worldwide. The use of testosterone replacement therapy drugs is rising year-on-year for the treatment of androgen deficiency and has reached global proportions. As clinicians, we must be well versed and provide appropriate counseling for men prior to the commencement of testosterone replacement therapy. This review summarizes the current clinical and basic science evidence in relation to this commonly encountered clinical scenario. There is gathering evidence that suggests, from an oncological perspective, that it is safe to commence testosterone replacement therapy for men who have a combination of biochemically confirmed androgen deficiency and who have either had definitive treatment of their prostate cancer or no previous history of this disease. However, patients must be made aware and cautioned that there is a distinct lack of level 1 evidence. Calls for such studies have been made throughout the urological and andrological community to provide a definitive answer. For those with a diagnosis of prostate cancer that remains untreated, there is a sparsity of evidence and therefore clinicians are “pushing the limits” of safety when considering the commencement of testosterone replacement therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiful Miah
- Department of Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London, W6 8RF, UK.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London Medical School, 21 University Street, London, WC1E 6AU, UK
| | - Tharu Tharakan
- Department of Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London, W6 8RF, UK
| | - Kylie A Gallagher
- Department of Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London, W6 8RF, UK
| | - Taimur T Shah
- Department of Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London, W6 8RF, UK.,Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mathias Winkler
- Department of Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London, W6 8RF, UK
| | - Channa N Jayasena
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Hashim U Ahmed
- Department of Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London, W6 8RF, UK.,Division of Surgery, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Suks Minhas
- Department of Urology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Road, London, W6 8RF, UK
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Sarkar PL, Lee W, Williams ED, Lubik AA, Stylianou N, Shokoohmand A, Lehman ML, Hollier BG, Gunter JH, Nelson CC. Insulin Enhances Migration and Invasion in Prostate Cancer Cells by Up-Regulation of FOXC2. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:481. [PMID: 31379747 PMCID: PMC6652804 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa), yet many patients relapse with lethal metastatic disease. With this loss of androgens, increased cell plasticity has been observed as an adaptive response to ADT. This includes gain of invasive and migratory capabilities, which may contribute to PCa metastasis. Hyperinsulinemia, which develops as a side-effect of ADT, has been associated with increased tumor aggressiveness and faster treatment failure. We investigated the direct effects of insulin in PCa cells that may contribute to this progression. We measured cell migration and invasion induced by insulin using wound healing and transwell assays in a range of PCa cell lines of variable androgen dependency (LNCaP, 22RV1, DuCaP, and DU145 cell lines). To determine the molecular events driving insulin-induced invasion we used transcriptomics, quantitative real time-PCR, and immunoblotting in three PCa cell lines. Insulin increased invasiveness of PCa cells, upregulating Forkhead Box Protein C2 (FOXC2), and activating key PCa cell plasticity mechanisms including gene changes consistent with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and a neuroendocrine phenotype. Additionally, analysis of publicly available clinical PCa tumor data showed metastatic prostate tumors demonstrate a positive correlation between insulin receptor expression and the EMT transcription factor FOXC2. The insulin receptor is not suitable to target clinically however, our data shows that actions of insulin in PCa cells may be suppressed by inhibiting downstream signaling molecules, PI3K and ERK1/2. This study identifies for the first time, a mechanism for insulin-driven cancer cell motility and supports the concept that targeting insulin signaling at the level of the PCa tumor may extend the therapeutic efficacy of ADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe L. Sarkar
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wendy Lee
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elizabeth D. Williams
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amy A. Lubik
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nataly Stylianou
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ali Shokoohmand
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Melanie L. Lehman
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Brett G. Hollier
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer H. Gunter
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- *Correspondence: Jennifer H. Gunter
| | - Colleen C. Nelson
- Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Ong WL, Foroudi F, Evans S, Millar J. Androgen deprivation therapy use with post-prostatectomy radiotherapy in the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Registry Victoria. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2018; 63:124-130. [PMID: 30295411 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with post-prostatectomy radiotherapy (PPRT) in a population-based cohort of Australian men. METHODS This is a prospective cohort of men with localised prostate cancer captured in the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Registry Victoria (PCOR-Vic), who received PPRT between January 2010 and December 2015. The primary outcome was ADT use with PPRT. Multivariate logistic regressions were used to identify patient, tumour and institutional factors influencing ADT use. RESULTS 485 men were included in this study - 115 (24%) had pT2 disease, 231 (48%) pT3a, 134 (28%) pT3b and 5 (1%) pT4. Eighteen (4%) men had ISUP grade 1 disease, 139 (29%) ISUP grade 2, 170 (35%) ISUP grade 3 and 158 (33%) ISUP grade 4/5, while 267 (64%) men had positive surgical margins. Median time from prostatectomy to PPRT was 8.1 months (IQR = 5.3-13.9). Sixty-six (14%) patients had ADT with PPRT. In multivariate analyses, men who had increased age (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.01-1.11), seminal vesicle involvement (OR = 3.81; 95% CI = 1.63-8.91) and underwent treatment in regional centres (OR = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.08-4.33) were more likely to have ADT with PPRT. CONCLUSION We reported that 14% of men treated with PPRT received ADT in a population-based cohort of Australian men, which was less than half of the proportion of ADT use with PPRT in the US. It will be of interest to evaluate the uptake of ADT with PPRT in the coming years following recent publications of level 1 evidence confirming overall survival benefits of ADT with PPRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Loon Ong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Health and Biomedical Informatics Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Farshad Foroudi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sue Evans
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremy Millar
- Alfred Health Radiation Oncology Services, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Iwasaki K, Ninomiya R, Shin T, Nomura T, Kajiwara T, Hijiya N, Moriyama M, Mimata H, Hamada F. Chronic hypoxia-induced slug promotes invasive behavior of prostate cancer cells by activating expression of ephrin-B1. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:3159-3170. [PMID: 30058095 PMCID: PMC6172048 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced solid tumors are exposed to hypoxic conditions over longer periods of time as they grow. Tumor hypoxia is a major factor that induces malignant progression, but most previous studies on tumor hypoxia were performed under short-term hypoxia for up to 72 hours and few studies have focused on tumor response to chronic hypoxic conditions. Here we show a molecular mechanism by which chronic hypoxia promotes invasive behavior in prostate cancer cells. We found that an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-driving transcription factor, slug, is specifically upregulated under chronic hypoxia and promotes tumor cell migration and invasion. Unexpectedly, processes associated with EMT, such as loss of E-cadherin, are not observed under chronic hypoxia. Instead, expression of ephrin-B1, a ligand of Eph-related receptor tyrosine kinases, is markedly induced by slug through E-box motifs and promotes cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, slug and ephrin-B1 are highly coexpressed in chronic hypoxic cells of human prostate adenocarcinoma tissues after androgen deprivation, which is known to cause tumor hypoxia. Taken together, these results indicate that chronic hypoxia-induced slug promotes invasive behavior of prostate cancer cells by activating the expression of ephrin-B1. In addition, ephrin-B1 may be a novel therapeutic target in combination with androgen deprivation therapy for aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunori Iwasaki
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan.,Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Ryo Ninomiya
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Shin
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Takeo Nomura
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Tooru Kajiwara
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Naoki Hijiya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Masatsugu Moriyama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Mimata
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hamada
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
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Soekmadji C, Rockstroh A, Ramm GA, Nelson CC, Russell PJ. Extracellular Vesicles in the Adaptive Process of Prostate Cancer during Inhibition of Androgen Receptor Signaling by Enzalutamide. Proteomics 2018; 17. [PMID: 29105980 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201600427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Current treatments for advanced prostate cancer focus on inhibition of the androgen receptor (AR) by androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). However, complex interactions mediated by tumor suppressors, oncogenes, aberrations of AR expression, or de novo androgen production have been shown to induce the adaptive response of prostate cancer, leading to the development of castration resistant prostate cancer. In this study, we report the effects of AR antagonist, enzalutamide on the protein contents of extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs mediate cell-to-cell communication and increasing evidence shows the role of EVs in promoting cancer survival and metastasis. We found that treatment with enzalutamide alters the secretion of EVs, one of which is a plasma membrane calcium pump, ATP2B1/PMCA ATPase, as an AR-regulated EV protein. We highlight the networks of interactions between AR, Ca2+ , and ATP2B1, where the extracellular proteins thrombospondin-1, gelsolin, and integrinß1 were previously reported as regulators for cancer progression and metastasis, indicating the potential role of EV-derived proteins in mediating calcium homoeostasis under AR inhibition by enzalutamide. Our data further highlight the cross-talk between AR signaling and EV pathways in mediating resistance toward ADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Soekmadji
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT),, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grant A Ramm
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT),, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pamela J Russell
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT),, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Lehrer S, Rheinstein PH, Rosenzweig KE. No Relationship of Anti-Androgens to Alzheimer's Disease or Cognitive Disorder in the MedWatch Database. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2018; 2:123-127. [PMID: 30480255 PMCID: PMC6159660 DOI: 10.3233/adr-180052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Two large studies suggest that risk is not increased. But other studies have found increased risk of Alzheimer's disease and impaired cognition. Objective To determine whether androgen deprivation therapy increases the risk of impaired cognition or Alzheimer's disease in men with prostate cancer. Methods We used data from MedWatch, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Safety Information and Adverse Event Reporting Program. Machine-readable data from MedWatch, including adverse drug reaction reports from manufacturers, are part of a public database. We used the online tool OpenVigil 2.1 to query the database. OpenVigil calculates proportional reporting ratios (PRRs) from adverse drug reaction reports to determine whether the combination of drug and adverse event are related. For example, PRR = 2 indicates that the adverse reaction is two times more frequent in users of the drug than in the general population. Results We analyzed adverse event reporting data for these androgen-deprivation drugs: The luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists leuprolide, goserelin triptorelin, histrelin; the anti-androgens flutamide, nilutamide, enzalutamide, and bicalutamide; the LHRH antagonist degarelix; the CYP17 inhibitor abiraterone; the anti-fungal ketoconazole, which is also an anti-androgen administered to men with advanced prostate cancer. Conclusion Our analysis of FDA MedWatch adverse event data reports does not support the idea that androgen deprivation therapy per se is associated with Alzheimer's disease or cognitive dysfunction. Perhaps the prostate cancer itself, or the stress it imposes on the man who has it, may be detrimental to mood and intellect, increasing susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease and cognitive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Lehrer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kenneth E Rosenzweig
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Offermann A, Vlasic I, Syring I, Vogel W, Ruiz C, Zellweger T, Rentsch CA, Hagedorn S, Behrends J, Nowak M, Merseburger A, Bubendorf L, Kirfel J, Duensing S, Shaikhibrahim Z, Perner S. MED15 overexpression in prostate cancer arises during androgen deprivation therapy via PI3K/mTOR signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:7964-76. [PMID: 27974704 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the main therapeutic option for advanced prostate cancer (PCa). After initial regression, most tumors develop into castration-resistant PCa (CRPC). Previously, we found the Mediator complex subunit MED15 to be overexpressed in CRPC and to correlate with clinical outcome. Therefore, we investigated whether MED15 is implicated in the signaling changes taking place during progression to CRPC. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for MED15 on matched samples from the same patients before and after ADT reveals significantly increased MED15 expression after ADT in 72%. A validation cohort comprising samples before and after therapy confirmed our observations. Protein analysis for pAKT and pSMAD3 shows that MED15 correlates with PI3K and TGFß activities, respectively, and that hyper-activation of both pathways simultaneously correlates with highest levels of MED15. We further show that MED15 protein expression increases in LNCaP cells under androgen deprivation, and via EGF mediated PI3K activation. PI3K/mTOR and TGFß-receptor inhibition results in decreased MED15 expression. MED15 knockdown reduces LNCaP cell viability and induces apoptosis during androgen deprivation, while cell cycle is not affected. Collectively, MED15 overexpression arises during ADT via hyper-activation of PI3K/mTOR signaling, thus MED15 may serve as a predictive marker for response to PI3K/mTOR inhibitors. Furthermore, MED15 is potentially a therapeutic target for the treatment of CRPC.
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Liu RF, Li J, Zhang J, Bai PD, Yang YF, Li W, Wu Z, Zheng JX. Crosstalk between apoptosis and autophagy in prostate epithelial cells under androgen deprivation. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:2263-2268. [PMID: 29456633 PMCID: PMC5795527 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the molecular mechanism of apoptosis and autophagy in prostate epithelial cells under androgen deprivation (AD). BPH-1 cells were divided into four groups as follows: Control (Cont), AD, autophagy inhibition (AI) and AD + AI groups. Cells in the four groups were treated accordingly, and the level of apoptosis was subsequently measured via flow cytometry. The expression of the microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3 (LC3), caspase-3, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) and Beclin-1 proteins of BPH-1 cells was detected at different time points following culture in androgen-deprived medium. Western blotting revealed that the basal levels of the LC3-II protein were detected at 0 h. At 4 h, LC3-II was significantly increased compared with 0 h (P<0.05). Beginning at 20 h, the expression level of the LC3-II protein decreased significantly (P<0.05). Western blotting revealed that beginning at 24 h, the expression level of the PARP-1 protein decreased significantly (P<0.001) and the cleavage fragments of the PARP-1 protein appeared. These results further imply that autophagy serves a cell protective function by mutual inhibition with apoptosis in BPH-1 cells in the removal of androgen conditions. Furthermore, the fragments of the cleaved Beclin-1 protein appeared as 35 and 37 kDa bands. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the rate of cell apoptosis in the AD, AI and AD + AI groups was significantly increased compared with the Cont group (P<0.01). Compared with the AD or the AI groups individually, the rate of cell apoptosis in the AD + AI group was significantly increased (P<0.001). These findings suggest that in the early stage of AD, autophagy has a compensatory function in the cell, whereas in the whole process, autophagy and apoptosis share a mutual antagonism. The Beclin-1-C protein fragment contributed positive feedback to the process of apoptosis, which may be a potential mechanism of AD therapy. Therefore, AD and AI exhibit a synergistic effect to further improve the level of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Fu Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Pei-De Bai
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Feng Yang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Zhun Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Xin Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361003, P.R. China
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Fiandalo MV, Wilton JH, Mantione KM, Wrzosek C, Attwood KM, Wu Y, Mohler JL. Serum-free complete medium, an alternative medium to mimic androgen deprivation in human prostate cancer cell line models. Prostate 2018; 78:213-221. [PMID: 29194687 PMCID: PMC5768451 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Almost all men who present with advanced prostate cancer (CaP) and some men who fail therapy for clinically localized CaP are treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). CaP cell lines are used to identify and characterize new agents for ADT or investigate mechanisms of ADT resistance. CaP cell lines are maintained in culture medium that contains fetal bovine serum, which contains testosterone (T). Androgen deprivation experiments are performed using media supplemented with androgen-free serum, such as charcoal stripped fetal bovine serum (CS-FBS). However, CS-FBS composition varies from batch-to-batch and variations may impact experimental reproducibility. Serum free media (SFM) may provide a better defined alternative to media supplemented with CS-FBS (CSM). METHODS Cell growth of six human CaP cell lines was assessed using 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT). Androgen levels were measured using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RESULTS MTT assays showed 5 of 6 CaP cell lines grew after 6 days of culture in androgen- deprived SFM or CSM. LNCaP and VCaP growth was stimulated when cells were cultured in SFM or CSM supplemented with T. LNCaP, C4-2, LAPC-4, and VCaP cell growth was inhibited when cultured in SFM or CSM with T and bicalutamide. LC-MS/MS data showed LAPC-4 cells produced similar DHT levels when cultured in T-supplemented SFM or CSM. Dutasteride impaired T to DHT metabolism in LAPC-4. CONCLUSIONS Media composition contributed to growth differences observed between CaP cells cultured in SFM or CSM. However, the differences in media composition did not impair CaP cell response to T-stimulated growth, bicalutamide growth inhibition, metabolism of T, or dutasteride efficiency. SFM can be used as a better defined alternative to CSM for androgen deprivation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John H Wilton
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Krystin M. Mantione
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Carol Wrzosek
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Kristopher M. Attwood
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
| | - James L. Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
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McDuff SGR, Chen MH, Renshaw AA, Loffredo MJ, Kantoff PW, D'Amico AV. Impact of time to testosterone rebound and comorbidity on the risk of cause-specific mortality in men with unfavorable-risk prostate cancer. Cancer 2018; 124:1391-1399. [PMID: 29338073 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Herein, the authors evaluated how the time to testosterone rebound (TTR) after radiotherapy (RT) and 6 months of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) impacted the risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) and cardiovascular-specific mortality (CVM) among men with varying comorbidity extent. METHODS Between 1995 and 2001, a total of 206 men who were randomized to receive RT either alone or with 6 months of ADT for unfavorable-risk PC and who had a comorbidity score assigned using the Adult Comorbidity Evaluation 27 metric comprised the study cohort. Multivariable competing risk regression was used to evaluate the impact of and possible interaction between comorbidity and TTR on PCSM and CVM. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 18.19 years, 30 men (18.6%), 39 men (24.2%), and 92 men (57.1%), respectively, had died of PC, CV disease, or other causes. As TTR increased, PCSM significantly decreased in men with no or minimal (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 0.53, 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.34-0.84 [P =.007]) and moderate to severe (AHR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.14-0.99 [P = .048]) comorbidity. However, increasing TTR significantly increased the risk of CVM among men with moderate to severe comorbidity (AHR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.40-2.49 [P <.001]), but not those with no or minimal comorbidity (AHR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.57-1.29 [P =.46]), leading to a significant interaction between TTR and comorbidity (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS The results of the current study indicate that considering an intermittent course of ADT such that the TTR approaches 18 months, instead of continuous long-term administration of ADT, in men with moderate to severe comorbidity and high-risk PC may reduce the increased risk of CVM without increasing the risk of PCSM. Cancer 2018;124:1391-9. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan G R McDuff
- Harvard Radiation Oncology Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ming-Hui Chen
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
| | - Andrew A Renshaw
- Department of Pathology, Baptist Hospital and Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, Florida
| | - Marian J Loffredo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philip W Kantoff
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anthony V D'Amico
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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McHugh DJ, Root JC, Nelson CJ, Morris MJ. Androgen-deprivation therapy, dementia, and cognitive dysfunction in men with prostate cancer: How much smoke and how much fire? Cancer 2018; 124:1326-1334. [PMID: 29338083 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) remains the cornerstone of management for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Although the toxicities of ADT are well established, there is increasing controversy surrounding the association between cognitive dysfunction and the receipt of ADT, with some evidence suggesting an increased risk of dementia. The authors conducted a literature search to identify pertinent clinical studies in this field. This general review outlines the key findings and discusses the relative strengths and weaknesses when drawing conclusions about the risk of cognitive dysfunction or dementia with ADT use. Cancer 2018;124:1326-34. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deaglan J McHugh
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James C Root
- Neurocognitive and Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Christian J Nelson
- Neurocognitive and Research Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Michael J Morris
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common newly diagnosed malignancy in men, and the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States. The primary treatment for recurrent prostate cancer is androgen deprivation, and this therapy is typically continued lifelong for patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Androgens and androgen deprivation have profound effects on the immune system, a finding that has become more appreciated in an era where immune-based treatments for cancer are being increasingly explored. Preclinical studies suggest that androgen deprivation could potentially positively or negatively affect the use of approved immunotherapies, or those that are being developed for the treatment of prostate cancer. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the different types of androgen deprivation treatments used in the management of prostate cancer, discuss their effects on prostate tumors and the immune system and how they are being explored in combination with immunotherapy. Finally, we address some of the critical questions in the field that must be answered to identify the best approaches to combine androgen deprivation with immunotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Gamat
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer CenterMadison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Douglas G McNeel
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer CenterMadison, Wisconsin, USA
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ALBERTI C. Prostate cancer immunotherapy, particularly in combination with androgen deprivation or radiation treatment. Customized pharmacogenomic approaches to overcome immunotherapy cancer resistance. G Chir 2017; 37:225-235. [PMID: 28098061 PMCID: PMC5256907 DOI: 10.11138/gchir/2016.37.5.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Conventional therapeutic approaches for advanced prostate cancer - such as androgen deprivation, chemotherapy, radiation - come up often against lack of effectiveness because of possible arising of correlative cancer cell resistance and/or inadequate anti-tumor immune conditions. Whence the timeliness of resorting to immune-based treatment strategies including either therapeutic vaccination-based active immunotherapy or anti-tumor monoclonal antibody-mediated passive immunotherapy. Particularly attractive, as for research studies and clinical applications, results to be the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte check point blockade by the use of anti-CTLA-4 and PD-1 monoclonal antibodies, particularly when combined with androgen deprivation therapy or radiation. Unlike afore said immune check point inhibitors, both cell-based (by the use of prostate specific antigen carriers autologous dendritic cells or even whole cancer cells) and recombinant viral vector vaccines are able to induce immune-mediated focused killing of specific antigen-presenting prostate cancer cells. Such vaccines, either used alone or concurrently/sequentially combined with above-mentioned conventional therapies, led to generally reach, in the field of various clinical trials, reasonable results particularly as regards the patient's overall survival. Adoptive trasferred T-cells, as adoptive T-cell passive immunotherapy, and monoclonal antibodies against specific antigen-endowed prostate cancer cells can improve immune micro-environmental conditions. On the basis of a preliminary survey about various immunotherapy strategies, are here also outlined their effects when combined with androgen deprivation therapy or radiation. What's more, as regard the immune-based treatment effectiveness, it has to be pointed out that suitable personalized epigenetic/gene profile-achieved pharmacogenomic approaches to target identified gene aberrations, may lead to overcome - as well as for conventional therapies - possible prostate cancer resistance to immunotherapy.
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Kan HC, Hou CP, Lin YH, Tsui KH, Chang PL, Chen CL. Prognosis of prostate cancer with initial prostate-specific antigen >1,000 ng/mL at diagnosis. Onco Targets Ther 2017; 10:2943-2949. [PMID: 28652776 PMCID: PMC5476709 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s134411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Prostate cancer patients with surprisingly high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) are encountered clinically. However, descriptions of this group of patients are extremely rare in the published literature. This study reports treatment outcome and long-term prognosis for this group of patients. Patients and methods Between January 2007 and December 2012, 2,064 patients with PCa diagnosed at a tertiary medical center were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 90 PCa cases were identified with initial PSA (iPSA) >1,000 ng/mL at diagnosis. A retrospective study was conducted in this cohort, with comparison among stratified patient age groups, PSA, treatment options, and overall survival. Results The mean PSA at PCa diagnosis in this cohort was 3,323 ng/mL (1,003–23,126, median: 2,050 ng/mL). Most patients were in the age group 65–79 years (55/90, 61%). Males older than 80 years had a poor prognosis (P<0.001). Forty-six patients (51%) underwent orchiectomy with a median follow-up period of 16.2 (1.3–72.7) months, compared to 44 patients treated with medical castration and a median follow-up of 9.1 (0.3–70.5) months. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed survival benefit from treatment with orchiectomy (P<0.001). PSA reduction >90% of iPSA following primary androgen deprivation therapy (reaching true nadir) could be a predictor of longer survival (P<0.001). Cox regression revealed the hazard ratio (HR) of variables were age (HR: 4.57, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.45–14.37, P=0.009), reaching true nadir (HR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03–0.58, P=0.008), and the treatment option with orchiectomy (HR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.65–0.76, P=0.016). Conclusion Age ≥80 years indicated poor overall survival in PCa patients with iPSA >1,000 ng/mL. Reaching a true nadir of PSA following primary androgen deprivation therapy could be a predictor of longer survival. Bilateral orchiectomy is recommended for this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen-Pang Hou
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hsiang Lin
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ke-Hung Tsui
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Phei-Lang Chang
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chien-Lun Chen
- Department of Urology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Hoermann R, Cheung AS, Milne M, Grossmann M. Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis Set Point Alterations Are Associated With Body Composition in Androgen-Deprived Men. J Endocr Soc 2017; 1:874-885. [PMID: 29264538 PMCID: PMC5686654 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) given to men with prostate cancer is associated with metabolically adverse changes in body composition leading to insulin resistance, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We investigated prospectively whether androgen deprivation or its consequences may be associated with alterations in thyroid function in men. Design: We performed a prespecified secondary analysis of a prospective case control study. Methods: We prospectively followed men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer newly commencing ADT (n = 34) and age-matched controls (n = 29) for 12 months. We assessed secondary outcomes on thyrotropin (TSH) and thyroid hormones using a linear mixed model to determine mean adjusted differences (MADs) between groups. Results: After a 12-month follow-up period, TSH increased in cases compared with control subjects [MAD, 0.69 mIU/L; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.58–0.82; P < 0.001]. This was accompanied by a rise in FT4 (MAD, 2.2 pmol/L; 95% CI, 1.1–3.2; P < 0.001), reduced FT3-FT4 conversion (MAD, −0.07; 95% CI, −0.10 to −0.4; P < 0.001), and stable FT3. TSH change correlated significantly with changes in weight, body mass index, and fat mass in cases but not with waist circumference, lean mass, visceral fat, insulin resistance, testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, and estradiol. The rise in TSH after 12 months was strongly associated with changes in leptin. Conclusions: A profound rise in TSH in the absence of peripheral hypothyroidism under ADT suggests set point adaptations of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. This appears to be mediated by body composition changes and by the fat-associated hormone leptin rather than by androgen deficiency. Further studies are required to determine the causality and biological implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Hoermann
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ada S Cheung
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michele Milne
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg 3084, Victoria, Australia
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Amiya Y, Yamada Y, Sugiura M, Sasaki M, Shima T, Suzuki N, Nakatsu H, Murakami S, Shimazaki J. Treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer (Stage T3). Jpn J Clin Oncol 2017; 47:257-261. [PMID: 28096182 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyw186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Formerly, locally advanced prostate cancer exhibited poorly prognosis. In the late 1990s, new surgical and radiation technologies were introduced in combination with androgen deprivation. To evaluate respective strategies, outcomes were examined. Patients and methods Between 2001 and 2010, 224 patients with T3N0M0 (10.9% of all prostate cancer cases) were treated with prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy with/without androgen deprivation or hormone alone. Complete records were obtained by the end of 2015. Results Operation group first started without adjuvant treatment and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse occurred in 39% of cases. Radiation therapy group was alternatively divided into two subgroups, that received either monotherapy or combination with androgen deprivation, and PSA relapse rates were 65 and 16%, respectively. High rates of PSA relapse in both the operation and radiation therapy groups were observed in patients without adjuvant therapy, but after relapse androgen deprivation proceeded favorable outcomes. In the radiation subgroups, PSA relapse rates were different, but both subsequent survival rates were the same. This may be due to the effect of androgen deprivation after relapse, indicating effect of delayed therapy. PSA relapse rate in the hormone therapy group was 25% and after relapse, patients applied to treatment with other hormonal and anticancer drugs. Overall survival rates were 91, 88 and 67% in the operation, radiation therapy and hormone therapy groups, respectively. Conclusion Aggressive treatment with short-term androgen deprivation for locally advanced prostate cancer could be beneficial and not harmful when suitable candidates are selected. Delayed androgen deprivation was effective for no adjuvant patients after PSA relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Makoto Sasaki
- Department of Urology, Asahi General Hospital, Asahi
| | | | | | | | | | - Jun Shimazaki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW This review summarizes the current literature regarding the effects of testosterone therapy (TTh) on common disorders of the prostate. RECENT FINDINGS Testosterone therapy has gained credibility over the last several decades as a potentially safe co-treatment modality for men with benign and malignant prostatic conditions. Our understanding of the effects of testosterone on the prostate continues to evolve with ongoing clinical and basic science research. Findings of these studies have reinvigorated the debate over the effects of testosterone on benign and malignant disorders of the prostate, including BPH, chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS), and prostate cancer. SUMMARY Despite the burgeoning body of data claiming the safety and efficacy of TTh in common prostatic conditions (including BPH, CP/CPPS, and prostate cancer), diligent monitoring, appropriate patient selection, and informed consent are critical until more definitive studies are performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin S Herati
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.,Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Taylor P Kohn
- Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Peter R Butler
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.,Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Larry I Lipshultz
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.,Scott Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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Hurwitz MD, Harris J, Sartor O, Xiao Y, Shayegan B, Sperduto PW, Badiozamani KR, Lawton CAF, Horwitz EM, Michalski JM, Roof K, Beyer DC, Zhang Q, Sandler HM. Adjuvant radiation therapy, androgen deprivation, and docetaxel for high-risk prostate cancer postprostatectomy: Results of NRG Oncology/RTOG study 0621. Cancer 2017; 123:2489-2496. [PMID: 28323339 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.30620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phase 3 trials have demonstrated a benefit from adjuvant radiation therapy (ART) for men who have adverse factors at radical prostatectomy (RP). However, some patients have a high risk of progression despite ART. The role of systemic therapy with ART in this high-risk group remains to be defined. METHODS Patients who had either a post-RP prostate-specific antigen (PSA) nadir > 0.2 ng/mL and a Gleason score ≥7 or a PSA nadir ≤0.2 ng/mL, a Gleason score ≥8, and a pathologic tumor (pT) classification ≥ pT3 received 6 months of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) plus radiotherapy and 6 cycles of docetaxel. The primary objective was to assess whether the addition of ADT and docetaxel to ART resulted in a freedom from progression (FFP) rate ≥ 70% compared with an expected rate of 50%. Multivariate logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to model associations between factors and outcomes. RESULTS In total, 74 patients were enrolled. The median follow-up was 4.4 years. The pathologic tumor classification was pT2 in 4% of patients, pT3 in 95%, and pT4 in 1%. The Gleason score was 7 in 18% of patients and ≥8 in 82%. Post-RP PSA levels were ≤0.2 ng/mL in 53% of patients and >0.2 ng/mL in 47%. The 3-year FFP rate was 73% (95% confidence interval, 61%-83%), and the 3-year cumulative incidence of biochemical, distant, and local failure was 26%, 7%, and 0%, respectively. In multivariate models, postprostatectomy PSA nadir was associated with 3-year FFP, Gleason score, and PSA with biochemical failure. Grade 3 and 4 neutropenia was common; however, only 3 episodes of febrile neutropenia occurred. Late toxicities were not impacted by the addition of systemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS Combined ADT, docetaxel, and ART for men with high-risk prostate cancer after prostatectomy exceeded the prespecified study endpoint of 70% 3-year FFP. Phase 3 trials assessing combined local and systemic therapies for these high-risk patients are warranted. Cancer 2017;123:2489-96. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Hurwitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jonathan Harris
- NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Oliver Sartor
- Tulane University Cancer Center, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Bobby Shayegan
- Department of Urology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul W Sperduto
- Gamma Knife Center, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Minneapolis Radiation Oncology, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Kasra R Badiozamani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Colleen A F Lawton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Eric M Horwitz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeff M Michalski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kevin Roof
- Southeast Radiation Oncology, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | | | - Qiang Zhang
- NRG Oncology Statistics and Data Management Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Howard M Sandler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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Asai A, Miyata Y, Matsuo T, Shida Y, Hakariya T, Ohba K, Sakai H. Changes in Lymphangiogenesis and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression by Neo-Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy in Prostate Cancer Patients. Prostate 2017; 77:255-262. [PMID: 27527525 PMCID: PMC5260425 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anti-cancer mechanism of neo-adjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) is not well understood. Lymphangiogenesis plays an important role in cancer progression and is regulated by a complex mechanism that includes vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling. However, there is little information regarding relationship between lymphangiogenesis and androgen deprivation. The aim of this study was to clarify changes in lymphangiogenesis and VEGF expression induced by androgen deprivation in prostate cancer in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Patients who had undergone a radical prostatectomy were enrolled in the study (NHT, n = 60 and non-NHT, n = 64). Lymph vessels were identified by D2-40 immunoreactivity and lymph vessel density and lymph vessel area (LVD and LVA, respectively) were measured from micrographs. The expression of VEGF-A, -B, -C, and -D was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The prognostic value of LVD and LVA for biochemical recurrence was also investigated. RESULTS Mean LVD ± SD was higher in the NHT than in the non-NHT group (11.3 ± 3.0 vs. 7.1 ± 3.4 per high power field; P < 0.001). LVA was larger in the NHT than in the non-NHT group (512.8 ± 174.9 vs. 202.7 ± 72.8 µm2 ; P < 0.001). VEGF-A expression was lower whereas VEGF-C and -D levels were higher in the NHT than in the non-NHT group. VEGF-B expression in specimens with NHT was lower than that in biopsy specimens at diagnosis. These results were confirmed by in vitro studies used androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cell line. LVA was found to be an independent predictor of biochemical recurrence in patients who received NHT. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that NHT stimulates lymphangiogenesis via upregulation of VEGF-C and -D, which may increase LVA and affect the outcome of prostate cancer patients. This findings were supported by in vitro data of prostate cancer cell. Prostate 77:255-262, 2017. © 2016 The Authors. The Prostate Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Asai
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuo
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Yohei Shida
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Tomoaki Hakariya
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Kojiro Ohba
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
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50
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Kliment J, Elias B, Baluchova K, Kliment J. The long-term outcomes of radical prostatectomy for very high-risk prostate cancer pT3b-T4 N0-1 on definitive histopathology. Cent European J Urol 2017; 70:13-19. [PMID: 28461982 PMCID: PMC5407328 DOI: 10.5173/ceju.2017.897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study aimed to assess long-term outcomes in patients with very high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) - pT3b-T4 N0-1 using the definitive histopathology following radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). MATERIAL AND METHODS We have analyzed 114 patients with very high-risk PCa who underwent RRP between 1995 and 2012. Biochemical and clinical progression-free survival (BPFS, CPFS), cancer-specific and overall survival (CSS, OS) curves were constructed according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was utilized to determine predictability of clinical and pathological parameters. RESULTS At the 5 and 10 year mark, the BPFS was 71.3% and 35%, respectively; the CPFS was 86.8% and 69.2%, respectively; the CSS was 98% and 76.3%, respectively and the OS was 90.3% and 62.4%, respectively. Sixteen patients (14%) had lymph-node involvement. Positive surgical margins were present in 64 (56.1%) patients. Neo-adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) was received by 22 (19.3%) patients. Adjuvant ADT alone or in combination with external radiotherapy was received by 59 (51.8%) patients. No adjuvant treatment was needed in 29 (25.4%) patients. In univariate and multivariate analysis, neo-adjuvant ADT was associated with an increased risk of BPFS and CPFS. CONCLUSIONS Therapy applied in patients with very high-risk PCa was multimodal in most cases, with RP usually being the first step. The study confirmed that very high-risk PCa is a heterogeneous disease. A significant subset of patients remain without adjuvant therapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kliment
- Department of Urology, Jessenius School of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Boris Elias
- Department of Urology, Jessenius School of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarina Baluchova
- Biomedical Center, Division of Oncology, Jessenius School of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - Jan Kliment
- Jessenius School of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovak Republic
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