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Almobarak B, Amlani V, Inge L, Hofving T, Muth A, Nilsson O, Johansson M, Arvidsson Y, Elias E. Exposure to nonanoic acid alters small intestinal neuroendocrine tumor phenotype. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:267. [PMID: 36959559 PMCID: PMC10035137 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NET) are highly differentiated and genetically stable malignant tumors, yet they often present with advanced metastatic spread at the time of diagnosis. In contrast to many other types of malignant tumors, primary SI-NET are often asymptomatic and typically smaller in size compared to adjacent lymph node metastases. This study explores the hypothesis that stimulating the chemosensing olfactory receptor 51E1 (OR51E1) decreases SI-NET proliferation suggesting a mechanism that explains a difference in proliferative rate based on tumor location. Methods Clinical data was used to address difference in tumor size depending on location. A SI-NET tissue microarray was used to evaluate expression of OR51E1 and olfactory marker protein (OMP). Primary cultured tumor cells from 5 patients were utilized to determine the effect of OR51E1 agonist nonanoic acid on metabolic activity. The SI-NET cell line GOT1 was used to determine effects of nonanoic acid on the transcriptome as well as long-term effects of nonanoic acid exposure with regards to cell proliferation, serotonin secretion, alterations of the cell-cycle and morphology. Results Tumor size differed significantly based on location. OR51E1 and OMP were generally expressed in SI-NET. Primary SI-NET cells responded to nonanoic acid with a dose dependent altered metabolic activity and this was replicated in the GOT1 cell line but not in the MCF10A control cell line. Nonanoic acid treatment in GOT1 cells upregulated transcripts related to neuroendocrine differentiation and hormone secretion. Long-term nonanoic acid treatment of GOT1 cells decreased proliferation, induced senescence, and altered cell morphology. Conclusion Our results raise the possibility that exposure of intraluminal metabolites could represent a mechanism determining aspects of the SI-NET tumor phenotype. However, we could not causally link the observed effects of nonanoic acid exposure to the OR51E1 receptor. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-023-10722-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Almobarak
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 425, Gothenburg, 405 30 Sweden
| | - Vishal Amlani
- grid.1649.a000000009445082XDepartment of Vascular Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 413 45 Sweden
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Institute of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 405 30 Sweden
| | - Linda Inge
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 425, Gothenburg, 405 30 Sweden
| | - Tobias Hofving
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 425, Gothenburg, 405 30 Sweden
| | - Andreas Muth
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 405 30 Sweden
- grid.1649.a000000009445082XSection for Endocrine and Sarcoma surgery, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 413 45 Sweden
| | - Ola Nilsson
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 425, Gothenburg, 405 30 Sweden
- grid.1649.a000000009445082XDepartment of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 413 45 Sweden
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 405 30 Sweden
| | - Martin Johansson
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 425, Gothenburg, 405 30 Sweden
- grid.1649.a000000009445082XDepartment of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 413 45 Sweden
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 405 30 Sweden
| | - Yvonne Arvidsson
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 425, Gothenburg, 405 30 Sweden
- grid.1649.a000000009445082XDepartment of Pathology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 413 45 Sweden
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Pathology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 405 30 Sweden
| | - Erik Elias
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 425, Gothenburg, 405 30 Sweden
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Surgery, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 405 30 Sweden
- grid.1649.a000000009445082XSection for Endocrine and Sarcoma surgery, Department of Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, 413 45 Sweden
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2
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Ge G, Han Y, Zhang J, Li X, Liu X, Gong Y, Lei Z, Wang J, Zhu W, Xu Y, Peng Y, Deng J, Zhang B, Li X, Zhou L, He H, Ci W. Single-Cell RNA-seq Reveals a Developmental Hierarchy Super-Imposed Over Subclonal Evolution in the Cellular Ecosystem of Prostate Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105530. [PMID: 35322584 PMCID: PMC9131431 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a complex disease. An ongoing accumulation of mutations results in increased genetic diversity, with the tumor acquiring distinct subclones. However, non-genetic intra-tumoral heterogeneity, the cellular differentiation state and the interplay between subclonal evolution and transcriptional heterogeneity are poorly understood. Here, the authors perform single-cell RNA sequencing from 14 untreated PCa patients. They create an extensive cell atlas of the PCa patients and mapped developmental states onto tumor subclonal evolution. They identify distinct subclones across PCa patients and then stratify tumor cells into four transcriptional subtypes, EMT-like (subtype 0), luminal A-like (subtype 1), luminal B/C-like (subtype 2), and basal-like (subtype 3). These subtypes are hierarchically organized into stem cell-like and differentiated status. Strikingly, multiple subclones within a single primary tumor present with distinct combinations of preferential subtypes. In addition, subclones show different communication strengths with other cell types within the tumor ecosystem, which may modulate the distinct transcriptional subtypes of the subclones. Notably, by integrating TCGA data, they discover that both tumor cell transcriptional heterogeneity and cellular ecosystem diversity correlate with features of a poor prognosis. Collectively, their study provides the analysis of subclonal and transcriptional heterogeneity and its implication for patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangzhe Ge
- Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision MedicineBeijing Institute of GenomicsChina National Center for BioinformationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Yang Han
- Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision MedicineBeijing Institute of GenomicsChina National Center for BioinformationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision MedicineBeijing Institute of GenomicsChina National Center for BioinformationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- Department of UrologyPeking University First HospitalBeijing100034China
| | - Xinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision MedicineBeijing Institute of GenomicsChina National Center for BioinformationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
| | - Xiaodan Liu
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesThird HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
| | - Yanqing Gong
- Department of UrologyPeking University First HospitalBeijing100034China
- Institute of UrologyPeking UniversityBeijing100034China
- National Urological Cancer CenterBeijing100034China
| | - Zhentao Lei
- Department of UrologyBeijing Aerospace Center HospitalBeijing100049China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of UrologyPeking University First HospitalBeijing100034China
- Institute of UrologyPeking UniversityBeijing100034China
- National Urological Cancer CenterBeijing100034China
| | - Weijie Zhu
- Department of UrologyPeking University First HospitalBeijing100034China
- Institute of UrologyPeking UniversityBeijing100034China
- National Urological Cancer CenterBeijing100034China
| | - Yangyang Xu
- Department of UrologyPeking University First HospitalBeijing100034China
- Institute of UrologyPeking UniversityBeijing100034China
- National Urological Cancer CenterBeijing100034China
| | - Yiji Peng
- Department of UrologyPeking University First HospitalBeijing100034China
- Institute of UrologyPeking UniversityBeijing100034China
- National Urological Cancer CenterBeijing100034China
| | - Jianhua Deng
- Department of UrologyPeking Union Medical College HospitalBeijing100730China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Department of UrologyBeijing Aerospace Center HospitalBeijing100049China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of UrologyPeking University First HospitalBeijing100034China
- Institute of UrologyPeking UniversityBeijing100034China
- National Urological Cancer CenterBeijing100034China
| | - Liqun Zhou
- Department of UrologyPeking University First HospitalBeijing100034China
- Institute of UrologyPeking UniversityBeijing100034China
- National Urological Cancer CenterBeijing100034China
| | - Huiying He
- Department of PathologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesThird HospitalPeking University Health Science CenterBeijing100191China
| | - Weimin Ci
- Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision MedicineBeijing Institute of GenomicsChina National Center for BioinformationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Institute for Stem cell and RegenerationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China
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3
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Hou Z, Huang S, Mei Z, Chen L, Guo J, Gao Y, Zhuang Q, Zhang X, Tan Q, Yang T, Liu Y, Chi Y, Qi L, Jiang T, Shao X, Wu Y, Xu X, Qin J, Ren R, Tang H, Wu D, Li Z. Inhibiting 3βHSD1 to eliminate the oncogenic effects of progesterone in prostate cancer. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100561. [PMID: 35492874 PMCID: PMC9040187 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer continuously progresses following deprivation of circulating androgens originating from the testis and adrenal glands, indicating the existence of oncometabolites beyond androgens. In this study, mass-spectrometry-based screening of clinical specimens and a retrospective analysis on the clinical data of prostate cancer patients indicate the potential oncogenic effects of progesterone in patients. High doses of progesterone activate canonical and non-canonical androgen receptor (AR) target genes. Physiological levels of progesterone facilitate cell proliferation via GATA2. Inhibitors of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (3βHSD1) has been discovered and shown to suppress the generation of progesterone, eliminating its transient and accumulating oncogenic effects. An increase in progesterone is associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients and may be used as a predictive biomarker. Overall, we demonstrate that progesterone acts as an oncogenic hormone in prostate cancer, and strategies to eliminate its oncogenic effects may benefit prostate cancer patients. High doses of progesterone activate canonical and non-canonical AR signaling Progesterone of physiological levels exerts its chronic oncogenic effect via GATA2 Targeting 3βHSD1 to suppress progesterone synthesis blocks its oncogenic effects Serum progesterone might be a predictive biomarker for abiraterone response
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shengsong Huang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zejie Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Longlong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuanyuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qian Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qilong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yongnan Chi
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Lifengrong Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Urology, First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang, Jiangsu 215400, China
| | - Xuefeng Shao
- Department of Urology, First People's Hospital of Taicang, Taicang, Jiangsu 215400, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Qin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Ruobing Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Life and Health Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Human Phenome Institute, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Denglong Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zhenfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.,Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
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4
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Multigene Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) for Prognostic Assessment in Treatment-Naïve Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (mHSPC). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010004. [PMID: 35008431 PMCID: PMC8744626 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The substantial biological heterogeneity of metastatic prostate cancer has hindered the development of personalized therapeutic approaches. Therefore, it is difficult to predict the course of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), with some men remaining on first-line androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for several years while others progress more rapidly. Improving our ability to risk-stratify patients would allow for the optimization of systemic therapies and support the development of stratified prospective clinical trials focused on patients likely to have the greatest potential benefit. Here, we applied a liquid biopsy approach to identify clinically relevant, blood-based prognostic biomarkers in patients with mHSPC. Gene expression indicating the presence of CTCs was greater in CHAARTED high-volume (HV) patients (52% CTChigh) than in low-volume (LV) patients (23% CTChigh; * p = 0.03). HV disease (p = 0.005, q = 0.033) and CTC presence at baseline prior to treatment initiation (p = 0.008, q = 0.033) were found to be independently associated with the risk of nonresponse at 7 months. The pooled gene expression from CTCs of pre-ADT samples found AR, DSG2, KLK3, MDK, and PCA3 as genes predictive of nonresponse. These observations support the utility of liquid biomarker approaches to identify patients with poor initial response. This approach could facilitate more precise treatment intensification in the highest risk patients.
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5
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Sekino Y, Han X, Babasaki T, Miyamoto S, Kobatake K, Kitano H, Ikeda K, Goto K, Inoue S, Hayashi T, Teishima J, Shiota M, Takeshima Y, Yasui W, Matsubara A. TUBB3 is associated with PTEN, neuroendocrine differentiation, and castration resistance in prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2021; 39:368.e1-368.e9. [PMID: 33771409 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tubulin-β3 encoded by the Tubulin-β3 (TUBB3) gene is a microtubule protein. Previous studies have shown that TUBB3 expression is upregulated in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CaP) and is involved in taxane resistance. However, the biological mechanism of TUBB3 involvement in the progression to castration-resistant CaP is not fully elucidated. This study aimed to analyze the expression and function of TUBB3 in localized and metastatic CaP. METHODS TUBB3 expression was determined using immunohistochemistry in localized and metastatic CaP. We also investigated the association between TUBB3, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), and neuroendocrine differentiation and examined the involvement of TUBB3 in new antiandrogen drugs (enzalutamide and apalutamide) resistance in metastatic CaP. RESULTS In 155 cases of localized CaP, immunohistochemistry showed that 5 (3.2%) of the CaP cases were positive for tubulin-β3. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high expression of tubulin-β3 was associated with poor prostate-specific antigen recurrence-free survival after radical prostatectomy. In 57 cases of metastatic CaP, immunohistochemistry showed that 14 (25%) cases were positive for tubulin-β3. Tubulin-β3 expression was higher in metastatic CaP than in localized CaP. High tubulin-β3 expression was correlated with negative PTEN expression. TUBB3 expression was increased in neuroendocrine CaP based on several public databases. PTEN knockout decreased the sensitivity to enzalutamide and apalutamide in 22Rv-1 cells. TUBB3 knockdown reversed the sensitivity to enzalutamide and apalutamide in PTEN-CRISPR 22Rv-1 cells. High expression of tubulin-β3 and negative expression of PTEN were significantly associated with poor overall survival in metastatic CaP treated with androgen deprivation therapy. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that TUBB3 may be a useful predictive biomarker for survival and play an essential role in antiandrogen resistance in CaP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohei Sekino
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Xiangrui Han
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Babasaki
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Miyamoto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kohei Kobatake
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitano
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Ikeda
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Goto
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shogo Inoue
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jun Teishima
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yukio Takeshima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akio Matsubara
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Department of Urology, Hiroshima General Hospital, Hatsukaichi, Japan
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6
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Gene Expression Alterations during Development of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Are Detected in Circulating Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 12:cancers12010039. [PMID: 31877738 PMCID: PMC7016678 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is associated with alterations in gene expression involved in steroidogenesis and androgen signaling. This study investigates whether gene expression changes related to CRPC development can be identified in circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Gene expression in paired CTC samples from 29 patients, before androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and at CRPC relapse, was compared using a panel including 47 genes related to prostate cancer progression on a qPCR platform. Fourteen genes displayed significantly changed gene expression in CTCs at CRPC relapse compared to before start of ADT. The genes with increased expression at CRPC relapse were related to steroidogenesis, AR-signaling, and anti-apoptosis. In contrast, expression of prostate markers was downregulated at CRPC. We also show that midkine (MDK) expression in CTCs from metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) was associated to short cancer-specific survival (CSS). In conclusion, this study shows that gene expression patterns in CTCs reflect the development of CRPC, and that MDK expression levels in CTCs are prognostic for cancer-specific survival in mHSPC. This study emphasizes the role of CTCs in exploring mechanisms of therapy resistance, as well as a promising biomarker for prognostic and treatment-predictive purposes in advanced mHSPC.
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7
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Kryza T, Bock N, Lovell S, Rockstroh A, Lehman ML, Lesner A, Panchadsaram J, Silva LM, Srinivasan S, Snell CE, Williams ED, Fazli L, Gleave M, Batra J, Nelson C, Tate EW, Harris J, Hooper JD, Clements JA. The molecular function of kallikrein-related peptidase 14 demonstrates a key modulatory role in advanced prostate cancer. Mol Oncol 2019; 14:105-128. [PMID: 31630475 PMCID: PMC6944120 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kallikrein-related peptidase 14 (KLK14) is one of the several secreted KLK serine proteases involved in prostate cancer (PCa) pathogenesis. While relatively understudied, recent reports have identified KLK14 as overexpressed during PCa development. However, the modulation of KLK14 expression during PCa progression and the molecular and biological functions of this protease in the prostate tumor microenvironment remain unknown. To determine the modulation of KLK14 expression during PCa progression, we analyzed the expression levels of KLK14 in patient samples using publicly available databases and immunohistochemistry. In order to delineate the molecular mechanisms involving KLK14 in PCa progression, we integrated proteomic, transcriptomic, and in vitro assays with the goal to identify substrates, related-signaling pathways, and functional roles of this protease. We showed that KLK14 expression is elevated in advanced PCa, and particularly in metastasis. Additionally, KLK14 levels were found to be decreased in PCa tissues from patients responsive to neoadjuvant therapy compared to untreated patients. Furthermore, we also identified that KLK14 expression reoccurred in patients who developed castrate-resistant PCa. The combination of proteomic and transcriptomic analysis as well as functional assays revealed several new KLK14 substrates (agrin, desmoglein 2, vitronectin, laminins) and KLK14-regulated genes (Interleukin 32, midkine, SRY-Box 9), particularly an involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 and interleukin 1 receptor pathways, and an involvement of KLK14 in the regulation of cellular migration, supporting its involvement in aggressive features of PCa progression. In conclusion, our work showed that KLK14 expression is associated with the development of aggressive PCa suggesting that targeting this protease could offer a novel route to limit the progression of prostate tumors. Additional work is necessary to determine the benefits and implications of targeting/cotargeting KLK14 in PCa as well as to determine the potential use of KLK14 expression as a predictor of PCa aggressiveness or response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kryza
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nathalie Bock
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Scott Lovell
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Anja Rockstroh
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Melanie L Lehman
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Adam Lesner
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Poland
| | - Janaththani Panchadsaram
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Lakmali Munasinghage Silva
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Srilakshmi Srinivasan
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Cameron E Snell
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Elizabeth D Williams
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jyotsna Batra
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Colleen Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Jonathan Harris
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia
| | - John D Hooper
- Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Judith A Clements
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland (APCRC-Q), Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, Australia
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8
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Lin H, Zhou Q, Wu W, Ma Y. Midkine Is a Potential Urinary Biomarker for Non-Invasive Detection of Bladder Cancer with Microscopic Hematuria. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:11765-11775. [PMID: 32099383 PMCID: PMC6997436 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s235134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine the role of Midkine (MDK) in non-invasive detection of bladder cancer (Bca) and the relationship with Ki67. METHODS Sixty-five Bca patients and 55 non-Bca patients or healthy volunteers were enrolled and voided urine samples were prospectively obtained on the first day of enrollment. Tissue samples were collected by surgery. MDK and Ki67 expressions were analyzed by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot (WB). Specificity and sensitivity of MDK mRNA testing in the detection of Bca were determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC). The relationship between MDK and Ki67 was also assessed. RESULTS MDK was overexpressed in Bca tissues than that in the non-cancer tissues. The specificity and sensitivity for MDK mRNA testing in urine in the identification of Bca was 80% and 72.3%. MDK detected 85.7% of high-grade tumors, 87.5% of muscle-invasive tumors and 79.4% of tumors larger than 3 cm in patients without gross hematuria. Microscopic hematuria may even increase the detection rate of Bca by MDK testing. Furthermore, the correlation of MDK and Ki67 was found positive. CONCLUSION MDK was overexpressed in Bca tissues and positively correlated with Ki67. MDK might be a potential biomarker for the detection of Bca, especially for those without gross hematuria but with microscopic hematuria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lin
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong515041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Zhou
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong515041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weichu Wu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong515041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulin Ma
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong515041, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Hongsen Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Sanya, Hainan572000, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Yulin Ma Email
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9
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Erdogan S, Turkekul K, Dibirdik I, Doganlar O, Doganlar ZB, Bilir A, Oktem G. Midkine downregulation increases the efficacy of quercetin on prostate cancer stem cell survival and migration through PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 107:793-805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.08.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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10
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Josefsson A, Larsson K, Månsson M, Björkman J, Rohlova E, Åhs D, Brisby H, Damber JE, Welén K. Circulating tumor cells mirror bone metastatic phenotype in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29403-29413. [PMID: 30034626 PMCID: PMC6047665 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are promising biomarkers in prostate cancer (PC) because they derive from primary tumor and metastatic tissues. In this study, we used quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) to compare the expression profiles of 41 PC-related genes between paired CTC and spinal column metastasis samples from 22 PC patients that underwent surgery for spinal cord compression. We observed good concordance between the gene expression profiles in the CTC and metastasis samples in most of the PC patients. Expression of nine genes (AGR2, AKR1C3, AR, CDH1, FOLH1, HER2, KRT19, MDK, and SPINK1) showed a significant correlation between the CTC and metastasis samples. Hierarchical clustering analysis showed a similar grouping of PC patients based on the expression of these nine genes in both CTC and metastasis samples. Our findings demonstrate that CTCs mirror gene expression patterns in tissue metastasis samples from PC patients. Although low detection frequency of certain genes is a limitation in CTCs, our results indicate the potential for CTC phenotyping as a tool to improve individualized therapy in metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Josefsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Larsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marianne Månsson
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Eva Rohlova
- TATAA Biocenter AB, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Institute of Biotechnology CAS, BIOCEV, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Åhs
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Helena Brisby
- Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan-Erik Damber
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Welén
- Sahlgrenska Cancer Center, Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Sang M, Hulsurkar M, Zhang X, Song H, Zheng D, Zhang Y, Li M, Xu J, Zhang S, Ittmann M, Li W. GRK3 is a direct target of CREB activation and regulates neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45171-45185. [PMID: 27191986 PMCID: PMC5216714 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive subtype of prostate cancer that commonly arises through neuroendocrine differentiation (NED) of prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC) after therapy, such as radiation therapy and androgen deprivation treatment (ADT). No effective therapeutic is available for NEPC and its molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We have reported that G protein-coupled receptor kinase 3 (GRK3, also called ADRBK2) promotes prostate cancer progression. In this study, we demonstrate that the ADT-activated cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) directly targets and induces GRK3. We show GRK3 expression is higher in NEPC than in PAC cells and mouse models, and it positively correlates with the expression and activity of CREB in human prostate cancers. Notably, overexpression of GRK3 in PAC cells increased the expression of NE markers in a kinase activity dependent manner. Conversely, silencing GRK3 blocked CREB-induced NED in PAC cells, reversed NE phenotypes and inhibited proliferation of NEPC cells. Taken together, these results indicate that GRK3 is a new critical activator of NE phenotypes and mediator of CREB activation in promoting NED of prostate cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiang Sang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Tumor Research Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Mohit Hulsurkar
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaochong Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Tumor Research Institute, the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haiping Song
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Breast and Thyroid surgery center, The Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of science and technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dayong Zheng
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,The Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of science and technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Songlin Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, and Michael E. DeBakey VAMC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wenliang Li
- Texas Therapeutics Institute, Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Memorial Herman Cancer Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Kadakia KC, Tomlins SA, Sanghvi SK, Cani AK, Omata K, Hovelson DH, Liu CJ, Cooney KA. Comprehensive serial molecular profiling of an "N of 1" exceptional non-responder with metastatic prostate cancer progressing to small cell carcinoma on treatment. J Hematol Oncol 2015; 8:109. [PMID: 26444865 PMCID: PMC4596504 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-015-0204-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Small cell carcinoma/neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NePC) is a lethal, poorly understood prostate cancer (PCa) subtype. Controversy exists about the origin of NePC in this setting. Objective To molecularly profile archived biopsy specimens from a case of early-onset PCa that rapidly progressed to NePC to identify drivers of the aggressive course and mechanisms of NePC origin and progression. Design, setting, and participants A 47-year-old patient presented with metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma (Gleason score 9). After a 6-month response to androgen deprivation therapy, the patient developed jaundice and liver biopsy revealed exclusively NePC. Targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE)-isolated DNA was performed from the diagnostic prostate biopsy and the liver biopsy at progression. Intervention Androgen deprivation therapy for adenocarcinoma followed by multiagent chemotherapy for NePC. Main outcomes and measures Identification of the mutational landscape in primary adenocarcinoma and NePC liver metastasis. Whether the NePC arose independently or was derived from the primary adenocarcinoma was considered based on mutational profiles. Results A deleterious somatic SMAD4 L535fs variant was present in both prostate and liver specimens; however, a TP53 R282W mutation was exclusively enriched in the liver specimen. Copy number analysis identified concordant, low-level alterations in both specimens, with focal MYCL amplification and homozygous PTEN, RB1, and MAP2K4 losses identified exclusively in the NePC specimen. Integration with published genomic profiles identified MYCL as a recurrently amplified in NePC. Conclusions and relevance NGS of routine biopsy samples from an exceptional non-responder identified SMAD4 as a driver of the aggressive course and supports derivation of NePC from primary adenocarcinoma (transdifferentiation). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13045-015-0204-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal C Kadakia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, 7216 Cancer Center, SPC 5948, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Scott A Tomlins
- Department of Pathology and Urology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Saagar K Sanghvi
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, USA.
| | - Andi K Cani
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Kei Omata
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Daniel H Hovelson
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Chia-Jen Liu
- Department of Pathology, Michigan Center for Translational Pathology, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Kathleen A Cooney
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, 7216 Cancer Center, SPC 5948, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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13
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Zhang W, Meng Y, Liu N, Wen XF, Yang T. Insights into Chemoresistance of Prostate Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2015; 11:1160-70. [PMID: 26327810 PMCID: PMC4551752 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.11439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains the most prevalent malignancy among males in the western world. Though hormonal therapies through chemical or surgical castration have been proposed many years ago, heretofore, such mainstay for the treatment on advanced PCa has not fundamentally changed. These therapeutic responses are temporary and most cases will eventually undergo PCa recurrence and metastasis, or even progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) due to persistent development of drug resistance. Prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) are a small population of cells, which possess unlimited self-renewal capacities, and can regenerate tumorigenic progenies, and play an essential role in PCa therapy resistance, metastasis and recurrence. Nowadays advanced progresses have been made in understanding of PCSC properties, roles of androgen receptor signaling and ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2), as well as roles of genomic non-coding microRNAs and key signaling pathways, which have led to the development of novel therapies which are active against chemoresistant PCa and CRPC. Based on these progresses, this review is dedicated to address mechanisms underlying PCa chemoresistance, unveil crosstalks among pivotal signaling pathways, explore novel biotherapeutic agents, and elaborate functional properties and specific roles of chemoresistant PCSCs, which may act as a promising target for novel therapies against chemoresistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- 1. Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Yan Meng
- 2. Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Na Liu
- 3. Department of Nephrology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Wen
- 4. Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Tao Yang
- 2. Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
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14
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Jakobsen JN, Santoni-Rugiu E, Sørensen JB. Use of TUBB3 for patient stratification and prognosis in lung cancer. Lung Cancer Manag 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/lmt.15.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Microtubules play a crucial role in the eukaryote replicative cell machinery and antimicrotubule drugs such as vinca alkaloids and taxanes are important drugs in the treatment of several solid tumors. TUBB3 has in retrospective studies shown to be of significance with regard to outcome in NSCLC patients treated with anti-microtubule drugs. However, it is still controversial whether or not TUBB3 has a prognostic or a predictive value. This review provides an overview of preclinical and clinical studies that have presented data on the role of TUBB3 in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Nyrop Jakobsen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, 9 Blegdamsvej, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Santoni-Rugiu
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet, 9 Blegdamsvej, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Benn Sørensen
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, 9 Blegdamsvej, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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15
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Jones DR. Measuring midkine: the utility of midkine as a biomarker in cancer and other diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 171:2925-39. [PMID: 24460734 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Midkine (MK) is a pleiotropic growth factor prominently expressed during embryogenesis but down-regulated to neglible levels in healthy adults. Many published studies have demonstrated striking MK overexpression compared with healthy controls in various pathologies, including ischaemia, inflammation, autoimmunity and, most notably, in many cancers. MK expression is detectable in biopsies of diseased, but not healthy, tissues. Significantly, because it is a soluble cytokine, elevated MK is readily apparent in the blood and other body fluids such as urine and CSF, making MK a relatively convenient, accessible, non-invasive and inexpensive biomarker for population screening and early disease detection. The first diagnostic tests that quantify MK are just now receiving regulatory clearance and entering the clinic. This review examines the current state of knowledge pertaining to MK as a biomarker and highlights promising indications and clinical settings where measuring MK could make a difference to patient treatment. I also raise outstanding questions about reported variants of MK as well as MK's bio-distribution in vivo. Answering these questions in future studies will enhance our understanding of the significance of measured MK levels in both patients and healthy subjects, and may reveal further opportunities for measuring MK to diagnose disease. MK has already proven to be a biomarker that can significantly improve detection, management and treatment of cancer, and there is significant promise for developing further MK-based diagnostics in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Jones
- Cellmid Ltd., Sydney, NSW, Australia
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16
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Safi R, Nelson ER, Chitneni SK, Franz KJ, George DJ, Zalutsky MR, McDonnell DP. Copper signaling axis as a target for prostate cancer therapeutics. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5819-31. [PMID: 25320179 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Previously published reports indicate that serum copper levels are elevated in patients with prostate cancer and that increased copper uptake can be used as a means to image prostate tumors. It is unclear, however, to what extent copper is required for prostate cancer cell function as we observed only modest effects of chelation strategies on the growth of these cells in vitro. With the goal of exploiting prostate cancer cell proclivity for copper uptake, we developed a "conditional lethal" screen to identify compounds whose cytotoxic actions were manifested in a copper-dependent manner. Emerging from this screen was a series of dithiocarbamates, which, when complexed with copper, induced reactive oxygen species-dependent apoptosis of malignant, but not normal, prostate cells. One of the dithiocarbamates identified, disulfiram (DSF), is an FDA-approved drug that has previously yielded disappointing results in clinical trials in patients with recurrent prostate cancer. Similarly, in our studies, DSF alone had a minimal effect on the growth of prostate cancer tumors when propagated as xenografts. However, when DSF was coadministered with copper, a very dramatic inhibition of tumor growth in models of hormone-sensitive and of castrate-resistant disease was observed. Furthermore, we determined that prostate cancer cells express high levels of CTR1, the primary copper transporter, and additional chaperones that are required to maintain intracellular copper homeostasis. The expression levels of most of these proteins are increased further upon treatment of androgen receptor (AR)-positive prostate cancer cell lines with androgens. Not surprisingly, robust CTR1-dependent uptake of copper into prostate cancer cells was observed, an activity that was accentuated by activation of AR. Given these data linking AR to intracellular copper uptake, we believe that dithiocarbamate/copper complexes are likely to be effective for the treatment of patients with prostate cancer whose disease is resistant to classical androgen ablation therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Safi
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Erik R Nelson
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Daniel J George
- Divisions of Medical Oncology and Urology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Donald P McDonnell
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
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17
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Shao H, Yu X, Wang C, Wang Q, Guan H. Midkine expression is associated with clinicopathological features and BRAF mutation in papillary thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2014; 46:285-91. [PMID: 24272599 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-0068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to detect the expression of midkine (MK) in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and to evaluate whether MK expression is associated with clinicopathological features and BRAF mutation in PTC. The expression of MK in samples from 200 cases of PTC, 60 cases of adenomatoid nodule of thyroid, and 40 samples of tumor-adjacent normal thyroid tissue were assessed with immunohistochemistry. The BRAF mutation was detected by direct sequencing. The relationships between MK expression and the clinicopathological features of PTC and BRAF mutation were analyzed. The results demonstrated that MK was not expressed in tumor-adjacent normal tissue. The positive expression rates and MK scores were both higher in PTC than in adenomatoid nodule (positive expression rates: 88 vs. 8.3 %, P < 0.001; MK scores: 2.02 ± 0.93 vs. 0.08 ± 0.28, P < 0.001). The expression level of MK in PTC with extrathyroidal invasion, lymph node metastasis, or stage III/IV was significantly higher than that in PTC without such biological features (all P < 0.01). The overall prevalence of BRAF mutation was 66.5 % in PTC. The expression level of MK in PTC with BRAF mutation was significantly higher than that in PTC with wild-type BRAF (P < 0.001). We can conclude that MK is specifically expressed in PTC tissues and is associated with clinicopathological features and BRAF mutation. MK may be a helpful diagnostic and prognostic marker for PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
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18
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Terry S, Beltran H. The many faces of neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate cancer progression. Front Oncol 2014; 4:60. [PMID: 24724054 PMCID: PMC3971158 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In normal prostate, neuroendocrine (NE) cells are rare and interspersed among the epithelium. These cells are believed to provide trophic signals to epithelial cell populations through the secretion of an abundance of neuropeptides that can diffuse to influence surrounding cells. In the setting of prostate cancer (PC), NE cells can also stimulate surrounding prostate adenocarcinoma cell growth, but in some cases adenocarcinoma cells themselves acquire NE characteristics. This epithelial plasticity is associated with decreased androgen receptor (AR) signaling and the accumulation of neuronal and stem cell characteristics. Transformation to an NE phenotype is one proposed mechanism of resistance to contemporary AR-targeted treatments, is associated with poor prognosis, and thought to represent up to 25% of lethal PCs. Importantly, the advent of high-throughput technologies has started to provide clues for understanding the complex molecular profiles of tumors exhibiting NE differentiation. Here, we discuss these recent advances, the multifaceted manner by which an NE-like state may arise during the different stages of disease progression, and the potential benefit of this knowledge for the management of patients with advanced PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Terry
- U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, INSERM , Créteil , France ; UMR 3244, Institut Curie , Paris , France
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, NY , USA
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19
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Yao J, Li WY, Li SG, Feng XS, Gao SG. Midkine promotes perineural invasion in human pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:3018-3024. [PMID: 24659893 PMCID: PMC3960408 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i11.3018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate midkine (MK) and syndecan-3 protein expression in pancreatic cancer by immunohistochemistry, and to analyze their correlation with clinicopathological features, perineural invasion, and prognosis.
METHODS: Pancreatic cancer tissues (including adequately sized tumor tissue samples and tissue samples taken from areas less than 2.0 cm around the tumor) were taken from 42 patients who were undergoing a partial duodenopancreatectomy. MK and syndecan-3 proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry using a standardized streptavidin-peroxidase method, and analyzed for their correlation with clinicopathological features, perineural invasion, and prognosis. Associations of neural invasion with aggressive characteristics of pancreatic cancer and the presence of perineural invasion were assessed by two independent observers blinded to the patient status.
RESULTS: MK and syndecan-3 were found in 26 (61.9%) and 24 (57.1%) specimens, respectively. MK and syndecan-3 expression was associated with perineural invasion (P = 0.018 and 0.031, respectively). High MK expression was closely associated with advanced tumor, node and metastasis stage (P = 0.008), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.042), and decreased postoperative survival at 3 years (51.0% vs 21.8%, P = 0.001). Syndecan-3 levels were correlated with tumor size (P = 0.028). Patients who were syndecan-3 negative had a higher cumulative survival rate than those who were positive, but the difference was not significant (44.0% vs 23.0%, P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: MK and syndecan-3 are frequently expressed in pancreatic cancer and associated with perineural invasion. High expression of MK and syndecan-3 may contribute to the highly perineural invasion and poor prognosis of human pancreatic cancer.
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