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Zhong C, Chen J, Ling Y, Liu D, Xu J, Wang L, Ge C, Jiang Q. Indocyanine Green-Loaded Nanobubbles Targeting Carbonic Anhydrase IX for Multimodal Imaging of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:2757-2776. [PMID: 37250472 PMCID: PMC10224680 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s408977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose The early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has always been a clinical difficulty and a research focus. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is highly expressed on the cell membrane of RCC but is not expressed in normal renal tissues. In this study, nanobubbles (NBs) targeting CA IX with ultrasound and photoacoustic multimodal imaging capabilities were prepared to explore a new method for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of RCC. Methods Indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded lipid NBs (ICG-NBs) were prepared by using the filming rehydration method, and anti-CA IX polypeptides (ACPs) were attached to their surfaces to prepare CA IX-targeted NBs (ACP/ICG-NBs). The particle size, zeta potential and ICG encapsulation efficiency of these nanobubbles were measured, and their specific targeting and binding abilities to RCC cells were determined. The in vitro and in vivo ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging characteristics of these nanobubbles were also assessed. Results The particle size of the ACP/ICG-NBs was 475.9 nm in diameter, and their zeta potential was -2.65 mV. Laser confocal microscopy and flow cytometry both confirmed that ACP/ICG-NBs had specific binding activity and ideal affinity to CA IX-positive RCC cells (786-O) but not to CA IX-negative RCC cells (ACHN). The intensities of the in vitro ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging were positively correlated with the concentrations of ACP/ICG-NBs. In in vivo ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging experiments, ACP/ICG-NBs exhibited specific enhanced ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging effects in 786-O xenograft tumors. Conclusion The ICG- and ACP-loaded targeted nanobubbles that we prepared had the capability of ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence multimodal imaging and could specifically enhance the ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging of RCC xenograft tumors. This outcome has potential clinical application value for the diagnosis of RCC at the early stage and the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant kidney tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Zhong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiajiu Chen
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Ling
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Deng Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luofu Wang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengguo Ge
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, People’s Republic of China
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Liu Y, Zeng S, Xu R. Application of Multiple Ultrasonic Techniques in the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:905087. [PMID: 35832558 PMCID: PMC9271763 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.905087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Methods for diagnosing prostate cancer (PCa) are developing in the direction of imaging. Advanced ultrasound examination modes include micro-Doppler, computerized-transrectal ultrasound, elastography, contrast-enhanced ultrasound and microultrasound. When two or more of these modes are used in PCa diagnosis, the combined technique is called multiparameter ultrasound (mp-US). Mp-US provides complementary information to multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) for diagnosing PCa. At present, no study has attempted to combine the characteristics of different ultrasound modes with advanced classification systems similar to the PIRADS system in mpMRI for the diagnosis of PCa. As an imaging method, mp-US has great potential in the diagnosis of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shi Zeng
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ran Xu,
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Wang Y, De Leon AC, Perera R, Abenojar E, Gopalakrishnan R, Basilion JP, Wang X, Exner AA. Molecular imaging of orthotopic prostate cancer with nanobubble ultrasound contrast agents targeted to PSMA. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4726. [PMID: 33633232 PMCID: PMC7907080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound imaging is routinely used to guide prostate biopsies, yet delineation of tumors within the prostate gland is extremely challenging, even with microbubble (MB) contrast. A more effective ultrasound protocol is needed that can effectively localize malignancies for targeted biopsy or aid in patient selection and treatment planning for organ-sparing focal therapy. This study focused on evaluating the application of a novel nanobubble ultrasound contrast agent targeted to the prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA-targeted NBs) in ultrasound imaging of prostate cancer (PCa) in vivo using a clinically relevant orthotopic tumor model in nude mice. Our results demonstrated that PSMA-targeted NBs had increased extravasation and retention in PSMA-expressing orthotopic mouse tumors. These processes are reflected in significantly different time intensity curve (TIC) and several kinetic parameters for targeted versus non-targeted NBs or LUMASON MBs. These, may in turn, lead to improved image-based detection and diagnosis of PCa in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 330, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Al Christopher De Leon
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 330, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Reshani Perera
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 330, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Eric Abenojar
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 330, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ramamurthy Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 330, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - James P Basilion
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 330, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B49, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Xinning Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B49, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Agata A Exner
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, BRB 330, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 11100 Euclid Ave, Wearn Building B49, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Ultrasound. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Lan M, Shen D, Fang K, Zhu L, Liu Y, Hao L, Li P. Targeted Nanobubbles Carrying Indocyanine Green for Ultrasound, Photoacoustic and Fluorescence Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4289-4309. [PMID: 32606678 PMCID: PMC7306459 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s243548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To construct prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting, indocyanine green (ICG)-loaded nanobubbles (NBs) for multimodal (ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence) imaging of prostate cancer. Methods The mechanical oscillation method was used to prepare ICG-loaded photoacoustic NBs (ICG NBs). Then, PSMA-binding peptides were connected to the surface of ICG NBs using the biotin–avidin method to make targeted photoacoustic NBs, namely, PSMAP/ICG NBs. Their particle sizes, zeta potentials, and in vitro ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging were examined. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry were used to detect the binding ability of the PSMAP/ICG NBs to PSMA-positive LNCaP cells, C4-2 cells, and PSMA-negative PC-3 cells. The multimodal imaging effects of PSMAP/ICG NBs and ICG NBs were compared in nude mouse tumor xenografts. Results The particle size of the PSMAP/ICG NBs was approximately 457.7 nm, and the zeta potential was approximately −23.5 mV. Both confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry confirmed that the PSMAP/ICG NBs could specifically bind to both LNCaP and C4-2 cells, but they rarely bound to PC-3 cells. The ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging intensities of the PSMAP/ICG NBs in vitro positively correlated with their concentrations. The ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging effects of the PSMAP/ICG NBs in LNCaP and C4-2 tumor xenografts were significantly enhanced compared with those in PC-3 tumor xenografts, which were characterized by a significantly increased duration of ultrasound enhancement and heightened photoacoustic signal intensity (P < 0.05). Fluorescence imaging showed that PSMAP/ICG NBs could accumulate in LNCaP and C4-2 tumor xenografts for a relatively long period. Conclusion The targeted photoacoustic nanobubbles prepared in this study can specifically bind to PSMA-positive prostate cancer cells and have the ability to enhance ultrasound, photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging of PSMA-positive tumor xenografts. Photoacoustic imaging could visually display the intensity of the red photoacoustic signal in the tumor region, providing a more intuitive imaging modality for targeted molecular imaging. This study presents a potential multimodal contrast agent for the accurate diagnosis and assessment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixuan Wang
- The First Clinical College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Lan
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Daijia Shen
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejing Fang
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianhua Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Hao
- Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Li
- Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Yu Z, Hu M, Li Z, Zhu L, Guo Y, Liu Q, Lan W, Jiang J, Wang L. Anti-G250 nanobody-functionalized nanobubbles targeting renal cell carcinoma cells for ultrasound molecular imaging. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:205101. [PMID: 32107342 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab7040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Traditional imaging examinations have difficulty in identifying benign and malignant changes in renal masses. This difficulty may be solved by ultrasound molecular imaging based on targeted nanobubbles, which could specifically enhance the ultrasound imaging of renal cell carcinomas (RCC) so as to discriminate benign and malignant renal masses. In this study, we aimed to prepare anti-G250 nanobody-functionalized targeted nanobubbles (anti-G250 NTNs) by coupling anti-G250 nanobodies to lipid nanobubbles and to verify their target specificity and binding ability to RCC cells that express G250 antigen and their capacity to enhance ultrasound imaging of RCC xenografts. Anti-G250 nanobodies were coupled to the lipid nanobubbles using the biotin-streptavidin bridge method. The average particle diameter of the prepared anti-G250 NTNs was 446 nm. Immunofluorescence confirmed that anti-G250 nanobodies were uniformly distributed on the surfaces of nanobubbles. In vitro experiments showed that the anti-G250 NTNs specifically bound to G250-positive 786-O cells and HeLa cells with affinities of 88.13% ± 4.37% and 71.8% ± 5.7%, respectively, and that they did not bind to G250-negative ACHN cells. The anti-G250 NTNs could significantly enhance the ultrasound imaging of xenograft tumors arising from 786-O cells and HeLa cells compared with blank nanobubbles, while the enhancement was not significant for xenograft tumors arising from ACHN cells. Immunofluorescence of tumor tissue slices confirmed that the anti-G250 NTNs could enter the tissue space through tumor blood vessels and bind to tumor cells specifically. In conclusion, anti-G250 nanobody-functionalized targeted nanobubbles could specifically bind to G250-positive RCC cells and enhance the ultrasound imaging of G250-positive RCC xenografts. This study has high-potential clinical application value for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of renal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Yu
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Zhang X, Wu M, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Su J, Yang C. Molecular imaging of atherosclerotic plaque with lipid nanobubbles as targeted ultrasound contrast agents. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 189:110861. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Perera RH, de Leon A, Wang X, Wang Y, Ramamurthy G, Peiris P, Abenojar E, Basilion JP, Exner AA. Real time ultrasound molecular imaging of prostate cancer with PSMA-targeted nanobubbles. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 28:102213. [PMID: 32348874 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound with microbubbles has shown promise in detection of prostate cancer (PCa), but sensitivity and specificity remain challenging. Targeted nanoscale-contrast agents with improved capability to accumulate in tumors may result in prolonged signal enhancement and improved detection of PCa with ultrasound. Here we report nanobubbles (NB) that specifically targets prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) overexpressed in PCa. The PSMA-targeted-NB (PSMA-NB) were utilized to simultaneously image dual-flank PCa (PSMA-positive PC3pip and PSMA-negative PC3flu) to examine whether the biomarker can be successfully detected and imaged in a mouse model. Results demonstrate that active targeting rapidly and selectively enhances tumor accumulation and tumor retention. Importantly, these processes could be visualized and quantified, in real-time, with clinical ultrasound. Such demonstration of the immense yet underutilized potential of ultrasound in the molecular imaging area can open the door to future opportunities for improving sensitivity and specificity of cancer detection using parametric NB-enhanced ultrasound imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshani H Perera
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Al de Leon
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Xinning Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Gopal Ramamurthy
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Pubudu Peiris
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Eric Abenojar
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - James P Basilion
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Agata A Exner
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Ding Y, Cao Q, Qian S, Chen X, Xu Y, Chen J, Shen H. Optimized Anti-Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Single-Chain Variable Fragment-Loaded Nanobubbles as a Novel Targeted Ultrasound Contrast Agent for the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2020; 39:761-773. [PMID: 31702068 PMCID: PMC7155035 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To prepare optimized prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) single-chain variable fragment (scFv)-loaded nanobubbles (NBs) as a novel targeted ultrasound (US) contrast agent for diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS Prostate-specific membrane antigen scFv-loaded NBs were prepared by membrane hydration and biotin-streptavidin conjugation. Flow cytometry was used to observe the binding rate of the targeted NBs to PSMA-expressing cells. Contrast-enhanced US was used to monitor targeted and nontargeted NBs administered to nude mice with 22RV1, LNCaP, and PC-3 xenograft tumors. The specific binding ability of the targeted NBs was further examined by fluorescence imaging of tumor cryosections. RESULTS Uniformly sized targeted NBs were successfully prepared (mean ± SD, 485.3 ± 28.4 nm). The NBs showed good stability and bound specifically to LNCaP and 22RV1 cells with high PSMA expression in vitro but did not bind to PC-3 cells without PSMA expression. The targeted NBs presented good US enhancement, and the results of the in vivo xenograft tumor nude mouse model showed that the peak contrast intensity in LNCaP and 22RV1 cells was significantly higher for the targeted NBs than the nontargeted NBs (P < .05), whereas there was no significant difference in PC-3 cells. Immunofluorescence results obtained from tumor sections confirmed that the targeted NBs were capable of targeting PSMA-expressing tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS These novel PSMA scFv-loaded NBs have proven to be an excellent US contrast agent for imaging PSMA-expressing PCa and have the potential to not only enable efficient and safe molecular imaging but also to serve as a delivery system for targeted PCa therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ding
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qifeng Cao
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Subo Qian
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Zhejiang California International NanoSystems InstituteZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yuhong Xu
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jian Chen
- School of PharmacyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Haibo Shen
- Department of Urology, Xinhua Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
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Lesniak WG, Boinapally S, Banerjee SR, Behnam Azad B, Foss CA, Shen C, Lisok A, Wharram B, Nimmagadda S, Pomper MG. Evaluation of PSMA-Targeted PAMAM Dendrimer Nanoparticles in a Murine Model of Prostate Cancer. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:2590-2604. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech G. Lesniak
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Srikanth Boinapally
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Sangeeta Ray Banerjee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Babak Behnam Azad
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Catherine A. Foss
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Chentian Shen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Ala Lisok
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Bryan Wharram
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
| | - Martin G. Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, United States
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Yuan Y, Liu Y, Zhu XM, Hu J, Zhao CY, Jiang F. Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate-1 (STEAP-1)-Targeted Ultrasound Imaging Microbubble Improves Detection of Prostate Cancer In Vivo. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2019; 38:299-305. [PMID: 30027616 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of the 6-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate-1 (STEAP-1)-targeted microbubbles for enhancing ultrasound imaging of prostate tumors in the nude mouse xenograft models. METHODS Contrast agents were established by conjugating biotinylated STEAP-1 monoclonal antibodies with streptavidin coated SonoVue microbubbles. Then, ordinary SonoVue (Bracco, Milan, Italy) microbubble and STEAP-1-targeted SonoVue microbubble were used, respectively, for contrast-enhanced sonography to detect prostate tumors in the nude mouse xenograft models. The characteristics, including peak intensity, time to peak, area under the curve, and mean transit time, were measured. RESULTS The biological characteristics of STEAP-1-targeted SonoVue microbubbles were stable. STEAP-1-targeted SonoVue microbubbles can successfully conjugate to prostate cancer cell lines in vitro. Enhancement of ultrasound signal intensity was determined after injection of STEAP-1-targeted SonoVue microbubble, compared with ordinary SonoVue microbubble. Higher intensities of ultrasound signals in xenograft tumor of prostate cancer were associated with increased levels of STEAP-1 expression. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that SonoVue microbubble carrying STEAP-1 monoclonal antibody could improve the ultrasound visualization of prostate cancer and identify the tumor more effectively in vivo. A prospective study is required to validate our finding in patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Yuan
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhejiang Province People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Xiang-Ming Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui China
| | - Chen-Yang Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wanan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui China
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Zhang B, Chen M, Zhang Y, Chen W, Zhang L, Chen L. An ultrasonic nanobubble-mediated PNP/fludarabine suicide gene system: A new approach for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196686. [PMID: 29718963 PMCID: PMC5931662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to generate an ultrasonic nanobubble (NB)-mediated purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP)/fludarabine suicide gene system for the treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS NBs were prepared from a mixture the phospholipids 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (DPPA), perfluoropropane gas and other materials using the high shear dispersion method. NBs treated with ultrasound irradiation functioned as a gene-transfer system, and a self-constructed suicide gene expression plasmid, pcDNA3.1(+)/PNP, treated with fludarabine functioned as a therapeutic gene. This system was used to determine the cytotoxic effects of PNP/fludarabine on HepG2 cells and SMMC7721 cells. RESULTS 1. NBs with a small diameter (208-416 nm) and at a high concentration and fine homogeneity were prepared under the optimal method. 2. The pcDNA3.1(+)/PNP plasmid was efficiently transfected into HCC cells using ultrasonic NBs. 3. At 0.75μg/ml fludarabine, PNP/fludarabine showed marked cytotoxic effects toward HepG2 and SMMC7721 cells. PNP/fludarabine achieved the same effect against both SMMC7721 and HepG2 cells but at a lower concentration of fludarabine for the latter. 4. Bystander effects: a 10-20% decrease in the cell survival rate was observed when only 5-10% of transfected cells were PNP positive. CONCLUSIONS NBs constitute a non-toxic, stable and effective gene-delivery platform. The PNP/fludarabine suicide gene system inhibited the growth of HCC cells, induced HCC cell apoptosis, and caused a notable bystander effect at a low fludarabine concentration. This study establishes an important new method for miniaturizing microbubbles and improving a new NB-mediated approach for gene therapy of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Ultrasonic Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mingna Chen
- Department of Ultrasonic Imaging, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Youming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- Hepatobiliary and Enteric Surgery Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lv Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
- * E-mail:
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Wang S, Hossack JA, Klibanov AL. Targeting of microbubbles: contrast agents for ultrasound molecular imaging. J Drug Target 2018; 26:420-434. [PMID: 29258335 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2017.1419362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For contrast ultrasound imaging, the most efficient contrast agents comprise highly compressible gas-filled microbubbles. These micrometer-sized particles are typically filled with low-solubility perfluorocarbon gases, and coated with a thin shell, often a lipid monolayer. These particles circulate in the bloodstream for several minutes; they demonstrate good safety and are already in widespread clinical use as blood pool agents with very low dosage necessary (sub-mg per injection). As ultrasound is an ubiquitous medical imaging modality, with tens of millions of exams conducted annually, its use for molecular/targeted imaging of biomarkers of disease may enable wider implementation of personalised medicine applications, precision medicine, non-invasive quantification of biomarkers, targeted guidance of biopsy and therapy in real time. To achieve this capability, microbubbles are decorated with targeting ligands, possessing specific affinity towards vascular biomarkers of disease, such as tumour neovasculature or areas of inflammation, ischaemia-reperfusion injury or ischaemic memory. Once bound to the target, microbubbles can be selectively visualised to delineate disease location by ultrasound imaging. This review discusses the general design trends and approaches for such molecular ultrasound imaging agents, which are currently at the advanced stages of development, and are evolving towards widespread clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiying Wang
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - John A Hossack
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
| | - Alexander L Klibanov
- a Department of Biomedical Engineering , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA.,b Cardiovascular Division (Department of Medicine), Robert M Berne Cardiovascular Research Center , University of Virginia , Charlottesville , VA , USA
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14
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Gu F, Hu C, Xia Q, Gong C, Gao S, Chen Z. Aptamer-conjugated multi-walled carbon nanotubes as a new targeted ultrasound contrast agent for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH : AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FORUM FOR NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2018; 20:303. [PMID: 30524190 PMCID: PMC6244773 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-018-4407-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Early diagnosis is primarily important for the therapeutic and prognostic outcomes of malignancies including prostate cancer (PCa). However, the visuality and veracity of ultrasound imaging for the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of PCa remains poor at present. In this study, we developed a new nanoultrasound contrast agent by modifying multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and anti-PSMA aptamer. The result showed that the modified MWCNTs offered better visuality and veracity and were able to target PCa cells more effectively as compared with the traditional contrast agent. The zeta potential was about - 38 mv. The length of this contrast agent was about 400 nm and the diameter of it was about 30 nm. The zeta potential, TEM, and FT-IR all proved the successful preparation of the agent. The vitro cytological study revealed good cell uptake and biocompatibility of the new contrast agent. The minimum detection concentration in vitro is 10 μg/ml. The earliest stage of the detection was under the parameters of frequency = 6.0 MHz and medical index = 0.06. Both in vitro and in vivo ultrasound imaging demonstrated that the new nanoultrasound contrast agent had a good development effect, distribution, and metabolism, and may prove to be a good targeted ultrasound contrast agent, especially for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Gu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092 China
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Chuling Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092 China
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, No. 2468, Central ring road, Jiaxing, 314000 China
| | - Qingming Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Chunai Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Zhongjian Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 168 Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200092 China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Dermatology Hospital, No. 200, Wuyi Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200050 China
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Gupta S, Gupta PK, Dharanivasan G, Verma RS. Current prospects and challenges of nanomedicine delivery in prostate cancer therapy. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:2675-2692. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2017-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of prostate cancer is currently being pursued by systemic delivery of anticancer drugs, but it has drawbacks like nonspecific distribution, decreased bioavailability, coupled with adverse side effects. These problems have been resolved using nanomedicine-based anticancer drug delivery to improve the therapeutic index with higher drug dose and reduced nonspecific distribution. Targeting prostate tumor by delivering nanomedicine through locoregional route is more effective, than the systemic delivery, which can decrease systemic exposure of the therapeutics significantly. Therefore, in this article, we have reviewed the current prospects and challenges of prostate cancer therapy using nanomedicine, by providing a comprehensive description of advantages and limitations of the systemic route and locoregional route. Eventually, we have emphasized on the need for localized prostate cancer therapy developments using nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Gunasekaren Dharanivasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rama Shanker Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat & Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamilnadu, India
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Zhu L, Guo Y, Wang L, Fan X, Xiong X, Fang K, Xu D. Construction of ultrasonic nanobubbles carrying CAIX polypeptides to target carcinoma cells derived from various organs. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:63. [PMID: 28962657 PMCID: PMC5622542 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ultrasound molecular imaging is a novel diagnostic approach for tumors, whose key link is the construction of targeted ultrasound contrast agents. However, available targeted ultrasound contrast agents for molecular imaging of tumors are only achieving imaging in blood pool or one type tumor. No targeted ultrasound contrast agents have realized targeted ultrasound molecular imaging of tumor parenchymal cells in a variety of solid tumors so far. Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is highly expressed on cell membranes of various malignant solid tumors, so it’s a good target for ultrasound molecular imaging. Here, targeted nanobubbles carrying CAIX polypeptides for targeted binding to a variety of malignant tumors were constructed, and targeted binding ability and ultrasound imaging effect in different types of tumors were evaluated. Results The mean diameter of lipid targeted nanobubbles was (503.7 ± 78.47) nm, and the polypeptides evenly distributed on the surfaces of targeted nanobubbles, which possessed the advantages of homogenous particle size, high stability, and good safety. Targeted nanobubbles could gather around CAIX-positive cells (786-O and Hela cells), while they cannot gather around CAIX-negative cells (BxPC-3 cells) in vitro, and the affinity of targeted nanobubbles to CAIX-positive cells were significantly higher than that to CAIX-negative cells (P < 0.05). Peak intensity and duration time of targeted nanobubbles and blank nanobubbles were different in CAIX-positive transplanted tumor tissues in vivo (P < 0.05). Moreover, targeted nanobubbles in CAIX-positive transplanted tumor tissues produced higher peak intensity and longer duration time than those in CAIX-negative transplanted tumor tissues (P < 0.05). Finally, immunofluorescence not only confirmed targeted nanobubbles could pass through blood vessels to enter in tumor tissue spaces, but also clarified imaging differences of targeted nanobubbles in different types of transplanted tumor tissues. Conclusions Targeted nanobubbles carrying CAIX polypeptides can specifically enhance ultrasound imaging in CAIX-positive transplanted tumor tissues and could potentially be used in early diagnosis of a variety of solid tumors derived from various organs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12951-017-0307-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhua Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yanli Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Luofu Wang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 10 Changjiang Zhi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiaozhou Fan
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xingyu Xiong
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kejing Fang
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
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17
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Zlitni A, Yin M, Janzen N, Chatterjee S, Lisok A, Gabrielson KL, Nimmagadda S, Pomper MG, Foster FS, Valliant JF. Development of prostate specific membrane antigen targeted ultrasound microbubbles using bioorthogonal chemistry. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176958. [PMID: 28472168 PMCID: PMC5417523 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) targeted microbubbles (MBs) were developed using bioorthogonal chemistry. Streptavidin-labeled MBs were treated with a biotinylated tetrazine (MBTz) and targeted to PSMA expressing cells using trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-functionalized anti-PSMA antibodies (TCO-anti-PSMA). The extent of MB binding to PSMA positive cells for two different targeting strategies was determined using an in vitro flow chamber. The initial approach involved pretargeting, where TCO-anti-PSMA was first incubated with PSMA expressing cells and followed by MBTz, which subsequently showed a 2.8 fold increase in the number of bound MBs compared to experiments performed in the absence of TCO-anti-PSMA. Using direct targeting, where TCO-anti-PSMA was linked to MBTz prior to initiation of the assay, a 5-fold increase in binding compared to controls was observed. The direct targeting approach was subsequently evaluated in vivo using a human xenograft tumor model and two different PSMA-targeting antibodies. The US signal enhancements observed were 1.6- and 5.9-fold greater than that for non-targeted MBs. The lead construct was also evaluated in a head-to-head study using mice bearing both PSMA positive or negative tumors in separate limbs. The human PSMA expressing tumors exhibited a 2-fold higher US signal compared to those tumors deficient in human PSMA. The results demonstrate both the feasibility of preparing PSMA-targeted MBs and the benefits of using bioorthogonal chemistry to create targeted US probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimen Zlitni
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Yin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy Janzen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samit Chatterjee
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ala Lisok
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kathleen L Gabrielson
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - F Stuart Foster
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John F Valliant
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Probe Development and Commercialization, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Willmann JK, Bonomo L, Testa AC, Rinaldi P, Rindi G, Valluru KS, Petrone G, Martini M, Lutz AM, Gambhir SS. Ultrasound Molecular Imaging With BR55 in Patients With Breast and Ovarian Lesions: First-in-Human Results. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:2133-2140. [PMID: 28291391 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.70.8594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We performed a first-in-human clinical trial on ultrasound molecular imaging (USMI) in patients with breast and ovarian lesions using a clinical-grade contrast agent (kinase insert domain receptor [KDR] -targeted contrast microbubble [MBKDR]) that is targeted at the KDR, one of the key regulators of neoangiogenesis in cancer. The aim of this study was to assess whether USMI using MBKDR is safe and allows assessment of KDR expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC) as the gold standard. Methods Twenty-four women (age 48 to 79 years) with focal ovarian lesions and 21 women (age 34 to 66 years) with focal breast lesions were injected intravenously with MBKDR (0.03 to 0.08 mL/kg of body weight), and USMI of the lesions was performed starting 5 minutes after injection up to 29 minutes. Blood pressure, ECG, oxygen levels, heart rate, CBC, and metabolic panel were obtained before and after MBKDR administration. Persistent focal MBKDR binding on USMI was assessed. Patients underwent surgical resection of the target lesions, and tissues were stained for CD31 and KDR by IHC. Results USMI with MBKDR was well tolerated by all patients without safety concerns. Among the 40 patients included in the analysis, KDR expression on IHC matched well with imaging signal on USMI in 93% of breast and 85% of ovarian malignant lesions. Strong KDR-targeted USMI signal was present in 77% of malignant ovarian lesions, with no targeted signal seen in 78% of benign ovarian lesions. Similarly, strong targeted signal was seen in 93% of malignant breast lesions with no targeted signal present in 67% of benign breast lesions. Conclusion USMI with MBKDR is clinically feasible and safe, and KDR-targeted USMI signal matches well with KDR expression on IHC. This study lays the foundation for a new field of clinical USMI in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen K Willmann
- Jürgen K. Willmann, Keerthi S. Valluru, Amelie M. Lutz, and Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; and Lorenzo Bonomo, Antonia Carla Testa, Pierluigi Rinaldi, Guido Rindi, Gianluigi Petrone, and Maurizio Martini, Universitary Policlinic A. Gemelli-Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bonomo
- Jürgen K. Willmann, Keerthi S. Valluru, Amelie M. Lutz, and Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; and Lorenzo Bonomo, Antonia Carla Testa, Pierluigi Rinaldi, Guido Rindi, Gianluigi Petrone, and Maurizio Martini, Universitary Policlinic A. Gemelli-Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonia Carla Testa
- Jürgen K. Willmann, Keerthi S. Valluru, Amelie M. Lutz, and Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; and Lorenzo Bonomo, Antonia Carla Testa, Pierluigi Rinaldi, Guido Rindi, Gianluigi Petrone, and Maurizio Martini, Universitary Policlinic A. Gemelli-Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Rinaldi
- Jürgen K. Willmann, Keerthi S. Valluru, Amelie M. Lutz, and Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; and Lorenzo Bonomo, Antonia Carla Testa, Pierluigi Rinaldi, Guido Rindi, Gianluigi Petrone, and Maurizio Martini, Universitary Policlinic A. Gemelli-Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Rindi
- Jürgen K. Willmann, Keerthi S. Valluru, Amelie M. Lutz, and Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; and Lorenzo Bonomo, Antonia Carla Testa, Pierluigi Rinaldi, Guido Rindi, Gianluigi Petrone, and Maurizio Martini, Universitary Policlinic A. Gemelli-Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Keerthi S Valluru
- Jürgen K. Willmann, Keerthi S. Valluru, Amelie M. Lutz, and Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; and Lorenzo Bonomo, Antonia Carla Testa, Pierluigi Rinaldi, Guido Rindi, Gianluigi Petrone, and Maurizio Martini, Universitary Policlinic A. Gemelli-Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Petrone
- Jürgen K. Willmann, Keerthi S. Valluru, Amelie M. Lutz, and Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; and Lorenzo Bonomo, Antonia Carla Testa, Pierluigi Rinaldi, Guido Rindi, Gianluigi Petrone, and Maurizio Martini, Universitary Policlinic A. Gemelli-Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Martini
- Jürgen K. Willmann, Keerthi S. Valluru, Amelie M. Lutz, and Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; and Lorenzo Bonomo, Antonia Carla Testa, Pierluigi Rinaldi, Guido Rindi, Gianluigi Petrone, and Maurizio Martini, Universitary Policlinic A. Gemelli-Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Amelie M Lutz
- Jürgen K. Willmann, Keerthi S. Valluru, Amelie M. Lutz, and Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; and Lorenzo Bonomo, Antonia Carla Testa, Pierluigi Rinaldi, Guido Rindi, Gianluigi Petrone, and Maurizio Martini, Universitary Policlinic A. Gemelli-Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Jürgen K. Willmann, Keerthi S. Valluru, Amelie M. Lutz, and Sanjiv S. Gambhir, Stanford University, Stanford, CA; and Lorenzo Bonomo, Antonia Carla Testa, Pierluigi Rinaldi, Guido Rindi, Gianluigi Petrone, and Maurizio Martini, Universitary Policlinic A. Gemelli-Foundation, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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Zhang H, Ingham ES, Gagnon MKJ, Mahakian LM, Liu J, Foiret JL, Willmann JK, Ferrara KW. In vitro characterization and in vivo ultrasound molecular imaging of nucleolin-targeted microbubbles. Biomaterials 2017; 118:63-73. [PMID: 27940383 PMCID: PMC5279957 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nucleolin (NCL) plays an important role in tumor vascular development. An increased endothelial expression level of NCL has been related to cancer aggressiveness and prognosis and has been detected clinically in advanced tumors. Here, with a peptide targeted to NCL (F3 peptide), we created an NCL-targeted microbubble (MB) and compared the performance of F3-conjugated MBs with non-targeted (NT) MBs both in vitro and in vivo. In an in vitro study, F3-conjugated MBs bound 433 times more than NT MBs to an NCL-expressing cell line, while pretreating cells with 0.5 mM free F3 peptide reduced the binding of F3-conjugated MBs by 84%, n = 4, p < 0.001. We then set out to create a method to extract both the tumor wash-in and wash-out kinetics and tumor accumulation following a single injection of targeted MBs. In order to accomplish this, a series of ultrasound frames (a clip) was recorded at the time of injection and subsequent time points. Each pixel within this clip was analyzed for the minimum intensity projection (MinIP) and average intensity projection (AvgIP). We found that the MinIP robustly demonstrates enhanced accumulation of F3-conjugated MBs over the range of tumor diameters evaluated here (2-8 mm), and the difference between the AvgIP and the MinIP quantifies inflow and kinetics. The inflow and clearance were similar for unbound F3-conjugated MBs, control (non-targeted) and scrambled control agents. Targeted agent accumulation was confirmed by a high amplitude pulse and by a two-dimensional Fourier Transform technique. In summary, F3-conjugated MBs provide a new imaging agent for ultrasound molecular imaging of cancer vasculature, and we have validated metrics to assess performance using low mechanical index strategies that have potential for use in human molecular imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Ingham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - M Karen J Gagnon
- Department of Environmental Health and Safety, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lisa M Mahakian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Jingfei Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Josquin L Foiret
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | | | - Katherine W Ferrara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Zhou S, Zhang X, Wang C. Rituximab-conjugated, doxorubicin-loaded microbubbles as a theranostic modality in B-cell lymphoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:4760-4772. [PMID: 27902473 PMCID: PMC5354869 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated rituximab-conjugated, doxorubicin-loaded microbubbles (RDMs) in combination with ultrasound as molecular imaging agents for early diagnosis of B cell lymphomas, and as a targeted drug delivery system. Rituximab, a monoclonal CD20 antibody, was attached to the surfaces of doxorubicin-loaded microbubbles. RDM binding to B cell lymphoma cells was assessed using immunofluorescence. The cytotoxic effects of RDMs in combination with ultrasound (RDMs+US) were evaluated in vitro in CD20+ and CD20– cell lines, and its antitumor activities were assessed in Raji (CD20+) and Jurkat (CD20–) lymphoma cell-grafted mice. RDMs specifically bound to CD20+ cells in vitro and in vivo. Contrast enhancement was monitored in vivo via ultrasound. RDM peak intensities and contrast enhancement durations were higher in Raji than in Jurkat cell-grafted mice (P<0.05). RDMs+US treatment resulted in improved antitumor effects and reduced systemic toxicity in Raji cell-grafted mice compared with other treatments (P<0.05). Our results showed that RDMs+US enhanced tumor targeting, reduced systemic toxicity, and inhibited CD20+ B cell lymphoma growth in vivo. Targeted RDMs could be employed as ultrasound molecular imaging agents for early diagnosis, and are an effective targeted drug delivery system in combination with ultrasound for CD20+ B cell malignancy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubing Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Cailian Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Progress of Multimodal Molecular Imaging Technology in Diagnosis of Tumor. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2040(16)60966-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Fan X, Guo Y, Wang L, Xiong X, Zhu L, Fang K. Diagnosis of prostate cancer using anti-PSMA aptamer A10-3.2-oriented lipid nanobubbles. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:3939-50. [PMID: 27574424 PMCID: PMC4990382 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s112951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the lipid targeted nanobubble carrying the A10-3.2 aptamer against prostate specific membrane antigen was fabricated, and its effect in the ultrasound imaging of prostate cancer was investigated. Materials including 2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidic acid, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol, carboxyl-modified 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, and polyethyleneglycol-2000 were for mechanical oscillation, and nanobubbles were obtained through the centrifugal flotation method. After mice were injected with nanobubbles, abdominal color Doppler blood flow imaging significantly improved. Through left ventricular perfusion with normal saline to empty the circulating nanobubbles, nanobubbles still existed in tumor tissue sections, which demonstrated that nanobubbles could enter tissue spaces via the permeability and retention effect. Fluorinated A10-3.2 aptamers obtained by chemical synthesis had good specificity for PSMA-positive cells, and were linked with carboxyl-modified 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine lipid molecules from the outer shell of nanobubbles via amide reaction to construct targeted nanobubbles. Gel electrophoresis and immunofluorescence confirmed that targeted nanobubbles were fabricated successfully. Next, targeted nanobubbles could bind with PSMA-positive cells (C4-2 cells), while not with PSMA-negative cells (PC-3 cells), using in vitro binding experiments and flow cytometry at the cellular level. Finally, C4-2 and PC-3 xenografts in mice were used to observe changes in parameters of targeted and non-targeted nanobubbles in the contrast-enhanced ultrasound mode, and the distribution of Cy5.5-labeled targeted nanobubbles in fluorescent imaging of live small animals. Comparison of ultrasound indicators between targeted and non-targeted nanobubbles in C4-2 xenografts showed that they had similar peak times (P>0.05), while the peak intensity, half time of peak intensity, and area under the curve of ½ peak intensity were significantly different (P<0.05). In PC-3 xenografts, there were no differences in these four indicators. Fluorescent imaging indicated that targeted nanobubbles had an aggregation ability in C4-2 xenograft tumors. In conclusion, targeted nanobubbles carrying the anti-PSMA A10-3.2 aptamer have a targeted imaging effect in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Fan
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Luofu Wang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Institute of Surgery Research, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingyu Xiong
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianhua Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kejing Fang
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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ZHOU SHOUBING, ZHENG SHIYA, SHAN YONGFENG, LI LULU, ZHANG XIU, WANG CAILIAN. Rituximab-conjugated and doxorubicin-loaded microbubbles combined with ultrasound irradiation inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in Raji cell lines. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:801-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Zhang Y, Chang S, Sun J, Zhu S, Pu C, Li Y, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Xu RX. Targeted Microbubbles for Ultrasound Mediated Short Hairpin RNA Plasmid Transfection to Inhibit Survivin Gene Expression and Induce Apoptosis of Ovarian Cancer A2780/DDP Cells. Mol Pharm 2015. [PMID: 26212628 DOI: 10.1021/mp500835z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Ultrasound Medicine, Chongqing 400010,China
| | - Shufang Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Jiangchuan Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Shenyin Zhu
- Department
of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Caixiu Pu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yaowei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Institute of Ultrasound Imaging, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Ronald X. Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Shi F, Yang F, He X, Zhang Y, Wu S, Li M, Zhang Y, Di W, Dou J, Gu N. Inhibitory effect of epirubicin-loaded lipid microbubbles with conjugated anti-ABCG2 antibody combined with therapeutic ultrasound on multiple myeloma cancer stem cells. J Drug Target 2015. [PMID: 26204324 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2015.1052075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) technique is thought to improve the chemotherapeutic agent delivery from microbubbles (MBs) in tumor tissues and reduce the side effects in non-tumor tissues. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a bone marrow cancer and remains to be an incurable disease. In this study, we used the UTMD technique to investigate the inhibitory effect of our developed novel reagent on MM cancer stem cells (CD138(-)CD34(-)MM CSCs) that are MM cells with CD138(-)CD34(-) phenotypes, responsible for MM-initiating potential, drug resistance and eventual relapse. The preparatory steps of novel reagent was first epirubicin (EPI)-loaded in the lipid MBs that was consisted of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000]-biotin, dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylglycerol and 25-NBD-cholesterol, then anti-ABCG2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was conjugated onto the MB surface to form EPI-MBs+mAb. CD138(-)CD34(-)MM CSCs were isolated from human MM RPMI 8226 cell line by the magnetic associated cell sorting method. The results showed that the attenuated proliferation, migration and invasion ability, and increased apoptosis were observed when MM CSCs were incubated with a various agents. EPI-MBs+mAb combined with therapeutic ultrasound significantly promoted the MM CSC apoptosis compared with EPI, EPI-MBs alone or EPI-MBs+mAb without ultrasound exposure. These results suggest that the developed EPI-MBs+mAb combined with therapeutic ultrasound remarkably induced MM CSC apoptosis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Shi
- a Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology , School of Medicine & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou NanoScience and Technology, Southeast University , Nanjing , China .,b Department of Oncology , Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University , Nanjing , China
| | - Fang Yang
- c School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou NanoScience and Technology, Southeast University , Nanjing , China , and
| | - Xiangfeng He
- d Department of Medical Oncology , Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University , Nantong , China
| | - Ying Zhang
- a Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology , School of Medicine & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou NanoScience and Technology, Southeast University , Nanjing , China
| | - Songyan Wu
- a Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology , School of Medicine & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou NanoScience and Technology, Southeast University , Nanjing , China
| | - Miao Li
- a Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology , School of Medicine & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou NanoScience and Technology, Southeast University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yunxia Zhang
- a Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology , School of Medicine & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou NanoScience and Technology, Southeast University , Nanjing , China .,b Department of Oncology , Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University , Nanjing , China
| | - Wu Di
- a Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology , School of Medicine & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou NanoScience and Technology, Southeast University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jun Dou
- a Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology , School of Medicine & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou NanoScience and Technology, Southeast University , Nanjing , China
| | - Ning Gu
- c School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou NanoScience and Technology, Southeast University , Nanjing , China , and
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26
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Fan X, Wang L, Guo Y, Tu Z, Li L, Tong H, Xu Y, Li R, Fang K. Ultrasonic Nanobubbles Carrying Anti-PSMA Nanobody: Construction and Application in Prostate Cancer-Targeted Imaging. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127419. [PMID: 26111008 PMCID: PMC4481414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To facilitate prostate cancer imaging using targeted molecules, we constructed ultrasonic nanobubbles coupled with specific anti-PSMA (prostate specific membrane antigen) nanobodies, and evaluated their in vitro binding capacity and in vivo imaging efficacy. The “targeted” nanobubbles, which were constructed via a biotin-streptavidin system, had an average diameter of 487.60 ± 33.55 nm and carried the anti-PSMA nanobody as demonstrated by immunofluorescence. Microscopy revealed targeted binding of nanobubbles in vitro to PSMA-positive cells. Additionally, ultrasonography indicators of nanobubble imaging (including arrival time, peak time, peak intensity and enhanced duration) were evaluated for the ultrasound imaging in three kinds of animal xenografts (LNCaP, C4-2 and MKN45), and showed that these four indicators of targeted nanobubbles exhibited significant differences from blank nanobubbles. Therefore, this study not only presents a novel approach to target prostate cancer ultrasonography, but also provides the basis and methods for constructing small-sized and high-efficient targeted ultrasound nanobubbles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Fan
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Luofu Wang
- Department of Urology, Daping Hospital, Institute of Surgery Research, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanli Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhui Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lang Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haipeng Tong
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
- Jiangxi-QAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kejing Fang
- Department of Ultrasound, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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27
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Abou-Elkacem L, Bachawal SV, Willmann JK. Ultrasound molecular imaging: Moving toward clinical translation. Eur J Radiol 2015; 84:1685-93. [PMID: 25851932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound is a widely available, cost-effective, real-time, non-invasive and safe imaging modality widely used in the clinic for anatomical and functional imaging. With the introduction of novel molecularly-targeted ultrasound contrast agents, another dimension of ultrasound has become a reality: diagnosing and monitoring pathological processes at the molecular level. Most commonly used ultrasound molecular imaging contrast agents are micron sized, gas-containing microbubbles functionalized to recognize and attach to molecules expressed on inflamed or angiogenic vascular endothelial cells. There are several potential clinical applications currently being explored including earlier detection, molecular profiling, and monitoring of cancer, as well as visualization of ischemic memory in transient myocardial ischemia, monitoring of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease, and assessment of arteriosclerosis. Recently, a first clinical grade ultrasound contrast agent (BR55), targeted at a molecule expressed in neoangiogenesis (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor type 2; VEGFR2) has been introduced and safety and feasibility of VEGFR2-targeted ultrasound imaging is being explored in first inhuman clinical trials in various cancer types. This review describes the design of ultrasound molecular imaging contrast agents, imaging techniques, and potential future clinical applications of ultrasound molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotfi Abou-Elkacem
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sunitha V Bachawal
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jürgen K Willmann
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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van Rooij T, Daeichin V, Skachkov I, de Jong N, Kooiman K. Targeted ultrasound contrast agents for ultrasound molecular imaging and therapy. Int J Hyperthermia 2015; 31:90-106. [PMID: 25707815 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2014.997809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) are used routinely in the clinic to enhance contrast in ultrasonography. More recently, UCAs have been functionalised by conjugating ligands to their surface to target specific biomarkers of a disease or a disease process. These targeted UCAs (tUCAs) are used for a wide range of pre-clinical applications including diagnosis, monitoring of drug treatment, and therapy. In this review, recent achievements with tUCAs in the field of molecular imaging, evaluation of therapy, drug delivery, and therapeutic applications are discussed. We present the different coating materials and aspects that have to be considered when manufacturing tUCAs. Next to tUCA design and the choice of ligands for specific biomarkers, additional techniques are discussed that are applied to improve binding of the tUCAs to their target and to quantify the strength of this bond. As imaging techniques rely on the specific behaviour of tUCAs in an ultrasound field, it is crucial to understand the characteristics of both free and adhered tUCAs. To image and quantify the adhered tUCAs, the state-of-the-art techniques used for ultrasound molecular imaging and quantification are presented. This review concludes with the potential of tUCAs for drug delivery and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom van Rooij
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter , Erasmus MC, Rotterdam , the Netherlands
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29
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Production and characterization of a novel long-acting Herceptin-targeted nanobubble contrast agent specific for Her-2-positive breast cancers. Breast Cancer 2015; 23:445-55. [PMID: 25691133 PMCID: PMC4839059 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-014-0581-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background There is an unmet need for specific and sensitive imaging techniques to assess the efficacy of breast cancer therapy, particularly Her-2-expressing cancers. Ultrasonic microbubbles are being developed for use as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. However, nanobubbles circulate longer, are smaller, and diffuse into extravascular tissue to specifically bind target molecules. Here, we characterize a novel Herceptin-conjugated nanobubble for use against Her-2-expressing tumors. Methods Phospholipid-shelled nanobubbles conjugated with Herceptin (NBs-Her) were fabricated using a thin-film hydration method and characterized in vitro in breast cancer cell lines and in vivo in a mouse model. Results The average size of the unconjugated nanobubbles (NBs-Blank) and NBs-Her was 447.1 ± 18.4 and 613.0 ± 25.4 nm, respectively. In cell culture, the NBs-Her adhered to Her-2-positive cells significantly better than to Her-2-negative cells (p < 0.05). In vivo, the peak intensity and the half-time to washout of the NBs-Her were significantly greater than those of the NBs-Blank (p < 0.05). In addition, contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging quality was improved through the use of the NBs-Her. The nanobubbles were able to penetrate into tumor tissue to allow extravascular imaging, but did not penetrate normal skeletal muscle. Conclusions The Herceptin-conjugated nanobubble had many properties that made it useful for in vivo imaging, including longer circulation time and better tumor selectivity. This platform may be able to provide targeted delivery of therapeutic drugs or genes.
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Tykvart J, Navrátil V, Sedlák F, Corey E, Colombatti M, Fracasso G, Koukolík F, Bařinka C, Sácha P, Konvalinka J. Comparative analysis of monoclonal antibodies against prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). Prostate 2014; 74:1674-90. [PMID: 25262926 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), also known as glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), is generally recognized as a diagnostic and therapeutic cancer antigen and a molecular address for targeted imaging and drug delivery studies. Due to its significance in cancer research, numerous monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against GCPII have been described and marketed in the past decades. Unfortunately, some of these mAbs are poorly characterized, which might lead to their inappropriate use and misinterpretation of the acquired results. METHODS We collected the 13 most frequently used mAbs against GCPII and quantitatively characterized their binding to GCPII by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Using a peptide library, we mapped epitopes recognized by a given mAb. Finally, we assessed the applicability of these mAbs to routine experimental setups, including Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. RESULTS ELISA and SPR analyses revealed that mAbs J591, J415, D2B, 107-1A4, GCP-05, and 2G7 bind preferentially to GCPII in native form, while mAbs YPSMA-1, YPSMA-2, GCP-02, GCP-04, and 3E6 bind solely to denatured GCPII. mAbs 24.4E6 and 7E11-C5.3 recognize both forms of GCPII. Additionally, we determined that GCP-02 and 3E6 cross-react with mouse GCPII, while GCP-04 recognizes GCPII and GCPIII proteins from both human and mouse. CONCLUSION This comparative analysis provides the first detailed quantitative characterization of the most commonly used mAbs against GCPII and can serve as a guideline for the scientific community to use them in a proper and efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tykvart
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University, Czech Republic
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31
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Tian N, Qu YW, Liu HF. Targeted ultrasound microbubble contrast agents for enhanced tumor imaging. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2014; 22:5100-5105. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v22.i33.5100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the field of medical ultrasound, ultrasound microbubbles are a new class of ultrasound contrast agents. Ultrasound microbubbles can be divided into two types: ordinary and targeted microbubbles. Ordinary microbubbles have been widely used in clinical practice. Targeted microbubbles are a special class of contrast agents and can be divided into micron- and nano-scale targeted microbubbles according to particle size. The former cannot pass through the endothelial gap due to the larger particle size, while the latter can pass through the vascular endothelium and allows for imaging of the extravascular tissues. Ultrasound combined with targeted microbubbles in enhancing tumor imaging shows greater advantages and has become an important topic of research; however, its unknown toxicity limits its wider application. In addition, ultrasound parameters still need to be optimized.
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32
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Hwang SI, Lee HJ. The future perspectives in transrectal prostate ultrasound guided biopsy. Prostate Int 2014; 2:153-60. [PMID: 25599070 PMCID: PMC4286726 DOI: 10.12954/pi.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common neoplasms in men. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided systematic biopsy has a crucial role in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. However, it shows limited value with gray-scale ultrasound alone because only a small number of malignancies are visible on TRUS. Recently, new emerging technologies in TRUS-guided prostate biopsy were introduced and showed high potential in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. High echogenicity of ultrasound contrast agent reflect the increased status of angiogenesis in tumor. Molecular imaging for targeting specific biomarker can be also used using ultrasound contrast agent for detecting angiogenesis or surface biomarker of prostate cancer. The combination of TRUS-guided prostate biopsy and ultrasound contrast agents can increase the accuracy of prostate cancer diagnosis. Elastography is an emerging ultrasound technique that can provide the information regarding tissue elasticity and stiffness. Tumors are usually stiffer than the surrounding soft tissue. In two types of elastography techniques, shearwave elastography has many potential in that it can provide quantitative information on tissue elasticity. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) from high resolution morphologic and functional magnetic resonance (MR) technique enables to detect more prostate cancers. The combination of functional techniques including apparent diffusion coefficient map from diffusion weighted imaging, dynamic contrast enhanced MR and MR spectroscopy are helpful in the localization of the prostate cancer. MR-ultrasound (US) fusion image can enhance the advantages of both two modalities. With MR-US fusion image, targeted biopsy of suspicious areas on MRI is possible and fusion image guided biopsy can provide improved detection rate. In conclusion, with recent advances in multiparametric-MRI, and introduction of new US techniques such as contrast-enhanced US and elastography, TRUS-guided biopsy may evolve toward targeted biopsies rather than systematic biopsy for getting information reflecting the exact status of the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ii Hwang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hak Jong Lee
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea ; Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Nanoconvergence, Seoul National University Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Suwon, Korea
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Tykvart J, Schimer J, Bařinková J, Pachl P, Poštová-Slavětínská L, Majer P, Konvalinka J, Šácha P. Rational design of urea-based glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) inhibitors as versatile tools for specific drug targeting and delivery. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:4099-108. [PMID: 24954515 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), also known as prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), is an established prostate cancer marker and is considered a promising target for specific anticancer drug delivery. Low-molecular-weight inhibitors of GCPII are advantageous specific ligands for this purpose. However, they must be modified with a linker to enable connection of the ligand with an imaging molecule, anticancer drug, and/or nanocarrier. Here, we describe a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of GCPII inhibitors with linkers suitable for imaging and drug delivery. Structure-assisted inhibitor design and targeting of a specific GCPII exosite resulted in a 7-fold improvement in Ki value compared to the parent structure. X-ray structural analysis of the inhibitor series led to the identification of several inhibitor binding modes. We also optimized the length of the inhibitor linker for effective attachment to a biotin-binding molecule and showed that the optimized inhibitor could be used to target nanoparticles to cells expressing GCPII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Tykvart
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Schimer
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Bařinková
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pachl
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Czech Republic; Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Vídeňská 1083, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Poštová-Slavětínská
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Majer
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Czech Republic
| | - Jan Konvalinka
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Šácha
- Gilead Sciences and IOCB Research Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Flemingovo n. 2, Prague 6, 166 10 Czech Republic; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Kiessling F, Fokong S, Bzyl J, Lederle W, Palmowski M, Lammers T. Recent advances in molecular, multimodal and theranostic ultrasound imaging. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 72:15-27. [PMID: 24316070 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) imaging is an exquisite tool for the non-invasive and real-time diagnosis of many different diseases. In this context, US contrast agents can improve lesion delineation, characterization and therapy response evaluation. US contrast agents are usually micrometer-sized gas bubbles, stabilized with soft or hard shells. By conjugating antibodies to the microbubble (MB) surface, and by incorporating diagnostic agents, drugs or nucleic acids into or onto the MB shell, molecular, multimodal and theranostic MBs can be generated. We here summarize recent advances in molecular, multimodal and theranostic US imaging, and introduce concepts how such advanced MB can be generated, applied and imaged. Examples are given for their use to image and treat oncological, cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Furthermore, we discuss for which therapeutic entities incorporation into (or conjugation to) MB is meaningful, and how US-mediated MB destruction can increase their extravasation, penetration, internalization and efficacy.
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The use of MMP2 antibody-conjugated cationic microbubble to target the ischemic myocardium, enhance Timp3 gene transfection and improve cardiac function. Biomaterials 2014; 35:1063-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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