1
|
Rizzotto A, Tollis S, Pham NT, Zheng Y, Abad MA, Wildenhain J, Jeyaprakash AA, Auer M, Tyers M, Schirmer EC. Reduction in Nuclear Size by DHRS7 in Prostate Cancer Cells and by Estradiol Propionate in DHRS7-Depleted Cells. Cells 2023; 13:57. [PMID: 38201261 PMCID: PMC10778050 DOI: 10.3390/cells13010057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased nuclear size correlates with lower survival rates and higher grades for prostate cancer. The short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family member DHRS7 was suggested as a biomarker for use in prostate cancer grading because it is largely lost in higher-grade tumors. Here, we found that reduction in DHRS7 from the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line with normally high levels of DHRS7 increases nuclear size, potentially explaining the nuclear size increase observed in higher-grade prostate tumors where it is lost. An exogenous expression of DHRS7 in the PC3 prostate cancer cell line with normally low DHRS7 levels correspondingly decreases nuclear size. We separately tested 80 compounds from the Microsource Spectrum library for their ability to restore normal smaller nuclear size to PC3 cells, finding that estradiol propionate had the same effect as the re-expression of DHRS7 in PC3 cells. However, the drug had no effect on LNCaP cells or PC3 cells re-expressing DHRS7. We speculate that separately reported beneficial effects of estrogens in androgen-independent prostate cancer may only occur with the loss of DHRS7/ increased nuclear size, and thus propose DHRS7 levels and nuclear size as potential biomarkers for the likely effectiveness of estrogen-based treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Rizzotto
- The Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; (A.R.); (A.A.J.)
| | - Sylvain Tollis
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland;
| | - Nhan T. Pham
- The Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; (N.T.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Yijing Zheng
- The Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; (N.T.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (M.A.)
| | - Maria Alba Abad
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK;
| | - Jan Wildenhain
- The Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; (N.T.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (M.A.)
| | - A. Arockia Jeyaprakash
- The Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; (A.R.); (A.A.J.)
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK;
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, LMU-München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Auer
- The Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; (N.T.P.); (Y.Z.); (J.W.); (M.A.)
- Xenobe Research Institute, P.O. Box 3052, San Diego, CA 92163-1052, USA
| | - Mike Tyers
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada;
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Eric C. Schirmer
- The Institute of Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK; (A.R.); (A.A.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang X, Qin H, Yang J, Zhang X. Transdermal Delivery of Estradiol Simultaneously Possessing Rapid Release and Sustained Release Effect. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:145. [PMID: 37353673 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02604-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissolving microneedle (DMN) has been researched as a drug delivery technology that improves drug molecule transportation through the skin with little discomfort. However, the sluggish drug absorption, poor skin dissolution, and lengthy time lags of DMN have limited its potential uses. The aim of this study was to design a novel DMN system for the administration of the poorly water-soluble drug, estradiol (E2), with fast skin penetration and a stable release rate for a long time. DMN containing E2 emulsion (E2-EM-DMN) and traditional DMN (T-DMN) were prepared. Rat skin was used for penetration test and guinea pig skin was used for skin irritation experiment. The drug release profiles and stability properties of these two kinds of DMNs were also investigated. High performance liquid chromatography was employed to determine the E2 content in DMN. The E2 concentration in rat plasma was achieved by a newly developed liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method that was fast, reproducible, and specific. The height of E2-EM-DMN and T-DMN was 600 μm. The drug loading of the E2-EM-DMN and T-DMN was 667.30 ± 7.21 μg/patch and 672.56 ± 6.98 μg/patch. E2-EM-DMN possessed enough mechanical strength to penetrate the skin and caused no irritation to the skin. E2-EM-DMN could release the drug more rapidly and more continuously than T-DMN. E2-EM-DMN had good pharmaceutical stability. In summary, the E2-EM-DMN showed reliable quality and superior release performance. Emulsion-embedded DMN is an ideal transdermal delivery system for drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- XiaoFei Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No.199, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Huaiying Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No.199, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No.199, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - XiaoYun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, No.199, Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Protective effects of Korean Red Ginseng against toxicity of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. J Ginseng Res 2023; 47:193-198. [PMID: 36926605 PMCID: PMC10014227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Several chemicals have been developed owing to the progression of industrialization, among which endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs; essential for plastic production) are used as plasticizers and flame retardants. Plastics have become an essential element in modern life because they provide convenience, thus increasing EDCs exposure to humans. EDCs cause adverse effects such as deterioration of reproductive function, cancer, and neurological abnormalities by disrupting the endocrine system and hence are classified as "dangerous substances." Additionally, they are toxic to various organs but continue to be used. Therefore, it is necessary to review the contamination status of EDCs, select potentially hazardous substances for management, and monitor the safety standards. In addition, it is necessary to discover substances that can protect against EDC toxicity and conduct active research on the protective effects of these substances. According to recent research, Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) exhibits protective effects against several toxicities caused by EDCs to humans. In this review, the effects of EDCs on the human body and the role of KRG in protection against EDC toxicity are discussed.
Collapse
|
4
|
Tu Z, Ouyang Q, Long X, Wu L, Li J, Zhu X, Huang K. Protein Disulfide-Isomerase A3 Is a Robust Prognostic Biomarker for Cancers and Predicts the Immunotherapy Response Effectively. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837512. [PMID: 35401558 PMCID: PMC8989738 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3) is a member of the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family that participates in protein folding through its protein disulfide isomerase function. It has been reported to regulate the progression of several cancers, but its function in cancer immunotherapy is unknown. Methods The RNA-seq data of cancer and normal tissues were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) databases. The Cbioportal dataset was used to explore the genomic alteration information of PDIA3 in pan-cancer. Human Protein Atlas (HPA) and ComPPI websites were employed to mine the protein information of PDIA3, and western blot assay was performed to monitor the upregulated PDIA3 expression in clinical GBM samples. The univariate Cox regression and the Kaplan–Meier method were utilized to appraise the prognostic role of PDIA3 in pan-cancer. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was applied to search the associated cancer hallmarks with PDIA3 expression. TIMER2.0 was the main platform to investigate the immune cell infiltrations related to PDIA3 in pan-cancer. The associations between PDIA3 and immunotherapy biomarkers were performed by Spearman correlation analysis. The immunoblot was used to quantify the PDIA3 expression levels, and the proliferative and invasive ability of glioma cells was determined by colony formation and transwell assays. Findings PDIA3 is overexpressed in most cancer types and exhibits prognosis predictive ability in various cancers, and it is especially expressed in the malignant cells and monocytes/macrophages. In addition, PDIA3 is significantly correlated with immune-activated hallmarks, cancer immune cell infiltrations, and immunoregulators, and the most interesting finding is that PDIA3 could significantly predict anti-PDL1 therapy response. Besides, specific inhibitors that correlated with PDIA3 expression in different cancer types were also screened by using Connectivity Map (CMap). Finally, knockdown of PDIA3 significantly weakened the proliferative and invasive ability of glioma cells. Interpretation The results revealed that PDIA3 acts as a robust tumor biomarker. Its function in protein disulfide linkage regulation could influence protein synthesis, degradation, and secretion, and then shapes the tumor microenvironment, which might be further applied to develop novel anticancer inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zewei Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,JXHC Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Qin Ouyang
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Long
- East China Institute of Digital Medical Engineering, Shangrao, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,JXHC Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Jingying Li
- Department of Comprehensive Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xingen Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,JXHC Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Neurological Tumors and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Nanchang, China.,Institute of Neuroscience, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,JXHC Key Laboratory of Neurological Medicine, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lin X, Liu H, Tang L, Shi M, Xu M, Huang Y, Yi Z, Chen H. Interaction between laccase and diethylstilbestrol based on multispectral and chromatography analyses. J Mol Recognit 2022; 35:e2951. [PMID: 34981869 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a synthetic form of oestrogen that does not easily degrade in the environment and can be harmful to human health. Herein, the mechanism of the interaction between laccase and DES was investigated by various spectroscopic means and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results of fluorescence experiments showed that the quenching of intrinsic fluorescence of laccase by DES was due to a static quenching, forming a binding site. According to the Förster non-radiative energy transfer theory (FRET), the action distance R0 between DES and laccase was 4.708 nm, r was 5.81 nm, and the energy transfer efficiency E was 22.08%, respectively. Both UV-Vis absorption spectra and FT-IR spectra indicated changes in the conformation and surroundings of the enzyme and changed in the secondary structure of laccase. Multispectral synthesis showed that the interaction of laccase with DES caused a change in the secondary structure of laccase. The degradation experiments showed that laccase could degrade DES, and the DES content decreased with time. This study provides a new theoretical basis and experimental method for further research on the reaction mechanism of the laccase degradation of DES. It may also provide a reference basis for human biological and environmental safety evaluations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolian Lin
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, Guilin, People's Republic of China.,College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, Guilin, People's Republic of China.,College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Tang
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, Guilin, People's Republic of China.,College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjie Shi
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China.,South Asia Branch of National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhua Xu
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, Guilin, People's Republic of China.,College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yipeng Huang
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongsheng Yi
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiying Chen
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China.,South Asia Branch of National Engineering Center of Dairy for Maternal and Child Health, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saraf MK, Jeng YJ, Watson CS. Nongenomic effects of estradiol vs. the birth control estrogen ethinyl estradiol on signaling and cell proliferation in pituitary tumor cells, and differences in the ability of R-equol to neutralize or enhance these effects. Steroids 2021; 168:108411. [PMID: 31132367 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Ethinyl estradiol (EE2, the active component of many birth control formulations) persists in treated waste waters and it has become a concerning endocrine-disrupting contaminant throughout the world. Previous studies have not examined the behavior of EE2 in nongenomic signaling pathways and the subsequent functional responses (either alone or in mixtures) or conducted comparisons with the physiological estrogen estradiol (E2). In this study, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), ERK, and JNK were activated in pituitary tumor cells by fM EE2, but p38 activation was insensitive to <nM doses. Both E2 and EE2 (10 fM to 10 nM) caused cell proliferation as well as triggering intracellular calcium increases and GTP charging of Gαi. E2 was more effective at causing prolactin release. Previously, we reported that the soy-based diadzein synthetic metabolite R-equol (R-eq) activated nongenomic responses in pituitary cells and impaired the actions of E2, thereby affecting both prolactin release and cell proliferation. In the present study, as expected, R-eq activated all MAPKs in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations ranging from fM to 100 nm, and it also modified the effects of environmentally and therapeutically relevant levels of EE2. The physiological/therapeutic doses of E2/EE2 that activated p38 were most effectively challenged by R-eq at ≥fM concentrations. R-eq did not alter the proliferative response to E2 but it elevated the cell numbers induced by EE2 at all concentrations of added R-eq. The more pronounced ability of R-eq to inhibit the cell-killing mechanisms associated with p38-induced inflammatory responses may explain its capacity to increase the numbers of EE2-stimulated pituitary tumor cells. Thus, widespread exposure to persistent pharmaceutical estrogens that imperfectly mimic endogenous estrogens may exacerbate cell proliferation in these responsive cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Saraf
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX 77555-0645, United States
| | - Yow-Jiun Jeng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX 77555-0645, United States
| | - Cheryl S Watson
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX 77555-0645, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen CE, Liu YS, Dunn R, Zhao JL, Jones KC, Zhang H, Ying GG, Sweetman AJ. A year-long passive sampling of phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in the East River, South China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2020; 143:105936. [PMID: 32659529 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the aquatic environment is a global concern. In this study, we employed two different passive samplers Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) and Chemcatcher for in situ measurement of 8 phenolic EDCs in the East River of the Pearl River system over one-year. These data were assessed alongside results from traditional grab sampling. Six chemicals (4tOP, 4NP, BPA, E1, EE2 and DES) were regularly detected in the water samples, of which the three phenols (i.e. 4tOP, 4NP and BPA) were in all samples and at high concentrations (0.4-1040 ng/L for 4tOP, 2.6-58500 ng/L for NP and 11.4-123300 ng/L for BPA). Fewer target chemicals were detected in both passive samplers, with only 4tOP, 4NP and BPA found in most samplers; E1 and DES were occasionally measurable above detection limits. The higher (by about a factor of 2-3) measurements provided by DGT compared to Chemcatcher could be attributed to the effect of the diffusive boundary layer on Chemcatcher uptake or the strong adsorption of target chemicals on the Chemcatcher PES filter. The temporal trends of EDC monthly loadings indicated that they were from different sources and that WWTPs were not effective in EDC removal and/or there was still some untreated wastewater discharged into the rivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Er Chen
- Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - You-Sheng Liu
- Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ricky Dunn
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Jian-Liang Zhao
- Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Kevin C Jones
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Hao Zhang
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China; School of Environment, MOE Key Laboratory of Environmental Theoretical Chemistry, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Andrew J Sweetman
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Watson CS, Koong L, Jeng YJ, Vinas R. Xenoestrogen interference with nongenomic signaling actions of physiological estrogens in endocrine cancer cells. Steroids 2019; 142:84-93. [PMID: 30012504 PMCID: PMC6339598 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rapid nongenomic signaling by estrogens (Es), initiated near the cell membrane, provides new explanations for the potent actions of environmental chemicals that imperfectly mimic physiological Es. These pathways can affect tumor growth, stabilization, or shrinkage via a number of signaling streams such as activation/inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and caspases, generation of second messengers, and phospho-triggering of cyclin instability. Though prostate cancers are better known for their responsiveness to androgen deprivation, ∼17% of late stage tumors regress in response to high dose natural or pharmaceutical Es; however, the mechanisms at the cellular level are not understood. More accurate recent measurements show that estradiol (E2) levels decline in aging men, leading to the hypothesis that maintaining young male levels of E2 may prevent the growth of prostate cancers. Major contributions to reducing prostate cancer cell numbers included low E2 concentrations producing sustained ERK phospho-activation correlated with generation of reactive oxygen species causing cancer cell death, and phospho-activation of cyclin D1 triggering its rapid degradation by interrupting cell cycle progression. These therapeutic actions were stronger in early stage tumor cells (with higher membrane estrogen receptor levels), and E2 was far more effective compared to diethylstilbestrol (the most frequently prescribed E treatment). Xenoestrogens (XEs) exacerbated the growth of prostate cancer cells, and as we know from previous studies in pituitary cancer cells, can interfere with the nongenomic signaling actions of endogenous Es. Therefore, nongenomic actions of physiological levels of E2 may be important deterrents to the growth of prostate cancers, which could be undermined by the actions of XEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Watson
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Dept., University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States.
| | - Luke Koong
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Dept., University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Yow-Jiun Jeng
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Dept., University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| | - Rene Vinas
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Dept., University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Estrogens and prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2018; 22:185-194. [PMID: 30131606 DOI: 10.1038/s41391-018-0081-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormonal influences such as androgens and estrogens are known contributors in the development and progression of prostate cancer (CaP). While much of the research to the hormonal nature of CaP has focused on androgens, estrogens also have critical roles in CaP development, physiology as well as a potential therapeutic intervention. METHODS In this review, we provide a critical literature review of the current basic science and clinical evidence for the interaction between estrogens and CaP. RESULTS Estrogenic influences in CaP include synthetic, endogenous, fungi and plant-derived compounds, and represent a family of sex hormones, which cross hydrophobic cell membranes and bind to membrane-associated receptors and estrogen receptors that localize to the nucleus triggering changes in gene expression in various organ systems. CONCLUSIONS Estrogens represent a under-recognized contributor in CaP development and progression. Further research in this topic may provide opportunities for identification of environmental influencers as well as providing novel therapeutic targets in the treatment of CaP.
Collapse
|
10
|
Kotula-Balak M, Pawlicki P, Milon A, Tworzydlo W, Sekula M, Pacwa A, Gorowska-Wojtowicz E, Bilinska B, Pawlicka B, Wiater J, Zarzycka M, Galas J. The role of G-protein-coupled membrane estrogen receptor in mouse Leydig cell function-in vivo and in vitro evaluation. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 374:389-412. [PMID: 29876633 PMCID: PMC6209072 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2861-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, G-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) was inactivated, by treatment with antagonist (G-15), in testes of C57BL/6 mice: immature (3 weeks old), mature (3 months old) and aged (1.5 years old) (50 μg/kg bw), as well as MA-10 mouse Leydig cells (10 nM/24 h) alone or in combination with 17β-estradiol or antiestrogen (ICI 182,780). In G-15-treated mice, overgrowth of interstitial tissue was found in both mature and aged testes. Depending on age, differences in structure and distribution of various Leydig cell organelles were observed. Concomitantly, modulation of activity of the mitochondria and tubulin microfibers was revealed. Diverse and complex GPER regulation at the mRNA level and protein of estrogen signaling molecules (estrogen receptor α and β; ERα, ERβ and cytochrome P450 aromatase; P450arom) in G-15 Leydig cells was found in relation to age and the experimental system utilized (in vivo and in vitro). Changes in expression patterns of ERs and P450arom, as well as steroid secretion, reflected Leydig cell heterogeneity to estrogen regulation throughout male life including cell physiological status.We show, for the first time, GPER with ERs and P450arom work in tandem to maintain Leydig cell architecture and supervise its steroidogenic function by estrogen during male life. Full set of estrogen signaling molecules, with involvement of GPER, is crucial for proper Leydig cell function where each molecule acts in a specific and/or complementary manner. Further understanding of the mechanisms by which GPER controls Leydig cells with special regard to male age, cell of origin and experimental system used is critical for predicting and preventing testis steroidogenic disorders based on perturbations in estrogen signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kotula-Balak
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland.
| | - P Pawlicki
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Milon
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - W Tworzydlo
- Department of Developmental Biology and Invertebrate Morphology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Sekula
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - A Pacwa
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - E Gorowska-Wojtowicz
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - B Bilinska
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - B Pawlicka
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionism, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Wiater
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Zarzycka
- Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Galas
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kowalska K, Habrowska-Górczyńska DE, Domińska K, Piastowska-Ciesielska AW. The dose-dependent effect of zearalenone on mitochondrial metabolism, plasma membrane permeabilization and cell cycle in human prostate cancer cell lines. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 180:455-466. [PMID: 28427036 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Zearalenone (ZEA) is a nonsteroidal mycotoxin produced by several fungi of the genus Fusarium spp. It is known to play various roles in the regulation of the prostate cancer cell cycle, including carcinogenesis. The present study evaluates the influence of ZEA on the mitochondrial metabolism, plasma membrane permeabilization and cell cycle of prostate cancer cells. At concentrations of 100 nM and 0.3 nM, ZEA caused a decrease in the oxidative activity of mitochondria, as well as increases in LDH release, apoptosis induction and the number of cells in the G0/G1 phase. The opposite effect was observed for lower concentrations (0.1 nM and 0.001 nM). These in vitro studies indicate that ZEA might have pro- and antiproliferative properties in prostate cancer cells, at concentrations 0.1 nM, 0.001 nM and 0.3 nM, 100 nM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Kowalska
- Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, Lodz, 90-752, Poland; Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, Lodz, 90-752, Poland.
| | - Dominika Ewa Habrowska-Górczyńska
- Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, Lodz, 90-752, Poland; Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, Lodz, 90-752, Poland.
| | - Kamila Domińska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, Lodz, 90-752, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Wanda Piastowska-Ciesielska
- Laboratory of Cell Cultures and Genomic Analysis, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, Lodz, 90-752, Poland; Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Postgraduate Training, Medical University of Lodz, Zeligowskiego 7/9, Lodz, 90-752, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Habas K, Brinkworth MH, Anderson D. Diethylstilbestrol induces oxidative DNA damage, resulting in apoptosis of spermatogonial stem cells in vitro. Toxicology 2017; 382:117-121. [PMID: 28315349 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
) in SSCs was detected using p-Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) assay. The viability of cells after DES treatment was examined in the CCK8 (cell counting kit-8) cytotoxicity assay. The results showed that DES-induced DNA damage causes an increase in intracellular superoxide anions which are reduced by the flavonoid, quercetin. Investigating the molecular mechanisms and biology of SSCs provides a better understanding of spermatogonial stem cell regulation in the testis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Habas
- Division of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, Richmond Road, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Martin H Brinkworth
- Division of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, Richmond Road, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Diana Anderson
- Division of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, Richmond Road, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Saraf MK, Jeng YJ, Watson CS. R-equol, a synthetic metabolite of the dietary estrogen daidzein, modulates the nongenomic estrogenic effects of 17β-estradiol in pituitary tumor cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23273747.2016.1226697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
14
|
Multiplug filtration cleanup method with multi-walled carbon nanotubes for the analysis of malachite green, diethylstilbestrol residues, and their metabolites in aquatic products by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:5801-5809. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
15
|
Mousavi S, Panjehpour M, Izadpanahi MH, Aghaei M. Expression of adenosine receptor subclasses in malignant and adjacent normal human prostate tissues. Prostate 2015; 75:735-47. [PMID: 25704103 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine, a purine nucleoside plays important roles in the pathogenesis of cancer initiation and promotion via interaction with four adenosine receptors. In the present study we examined the differential expression pattern of adenosine receptors in the malignant and adjacent normal human prostate tissues. METHODS Prostate cancer tissue samples and adjacent normal tissues were obtained from 20 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and histopathological diagnosis was confirmed for each sample. Total RNA was extracted and reverse transcribed into cDNA and the mRNA expression levels of adenosine receptors were investigated by Taq-man real-time RT-PCR experiment. Quantitative protein analysis was done by Western blotting experiment. Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of adenosine receptors were measured after androgen treatment. RESULT Taq-man real-time RT-PCR measurements show different expression levels of adenosine receptor transcripts. A2B adenosine receptor was predominantly expressed in tumor tissues (2.4-fold) followed by significantly expression of A3 (1.6-fold) and A2A adenosine receptors (1.5-fold) compared to adjacent normal tissues. The presence of adenosine receptors at protein levels in prostate cancer tissues compared with normal tissues was shown the following rank order: A2B > A3 > A2A > A1 . Androgen receptor regulates adenosine receptors mRNA and protein expression in AR-positive LNCaP cells, which was not seen in AR-negative PC-3 cells. CONCLUSION These results indicated for the first time, the differential mRNA expression profile and protein levels of adenosine receptors in the human prostate cancer. Interestingly, the A2B adenosine receptor followed by A3 is highly expressed in prostate tumor samples in comparison with the adjacent normal tissues. The findings support the possible key role of A2B adenosine receptor in promoting cancer cell growth and suggest that A2B may be a novel target for prostate cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samira Mousavi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Koong LY, Watson CS. Rapid, nongenomic signaling effects of several xenoestrogens involved in early- vs. late-stage prostate cancer cell proliferation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4161/23273747.2014.995003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luke Y Koong
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department; University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, TX USA
| | | |
Collapse
|