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Vormittag-Nocito E, Acosta AM, Agarwal S, Narayan KD, Kumar R, Al Rasheed MRH, Kajdacsy-Balla A, Behm FG, Mohapatra G. In-Depth Comparison of Genetic Variants Demonstrates a Close Relationship Between Invasive and Intraductal Components of Prostate Cancer. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100130. [PMID: 36933394 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Intraductal carcinoma (IDC) of the prostate is often associated with concurrent high-grade invasive prostate cancer (PCa) and poor clinical outcomes. In this context, IDC is thought to represent the retrograde spread of invasive prostatic adenocarcinoma into the acini and ducts. Prior studies have demonstrated a concordance of PTEN loss and genomic instability between the IDC and high-grade invasive components of PCa, but larger genomic association studies to solidify our understanding of the relationship between these 2 lesions are lacking. Here, we evaluate the genomic relationship between duct-confined (high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and IDC) and invasive components of high-grade PCa using genetic variants generated by whole exome sequencing. High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and IDC were laser-microdissected, and PCa and nonneoplastic tissue was manually dissected from 12 radical prostatectomies. A targeted next-generation sequencing panel was used to identify disease-relevant variants. Additionally, the degree of overlap between adjacent lesions was determined by comparing exome-wide variants detected using whole exome sequencing data. Our results demonstrate that IDC and invasive high-grade PCa components show common genetic variants and copy number alterations. Hierarchical clustering of genome-wide variants suggests that in these tumors, IDC is more closely related to the high-grade invasive components of the tumor compared with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. In conclusion, this study reinforces the concept that, in the context of high-grade PCa, IDC likely represents a late event associated with tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Vormittag-Nocito
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andres M Acosta
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shivangi Agarwal
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kunwar D Narayan
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ravindra Kumar
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Mohamed Rizwan H Al Rasheed
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Andre Kajdacsy-Balla
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Frederick G Behm
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Gayatry Mohapatra
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
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2
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Nikitkina EV, Dementieva NV, Shcherbakov YS, Atroshchenko MM, Kudinov AA, Samoylov OI, Pozovnikova MV, Dysin AP, Krutikova AA, Musidray AA, Mitrofanova OV, Plemyashov KV, Griffin DK, Romanov MN. Genome-wide association study for frozen-thawed sperm motility in stallions across various horse breeds. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:1827-1838. [PMID: 35240017 PMCID: PMC9659452 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The semen quality of stallions including sperm motility is an important target of selection as it has a high level of individual variability. However, effects of the molecular architecture of the genome on the mechanisms of sperm formation and their preservation after thawing have been poorly investigated. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for the sperm motility of cryopreserved semen in stallions of various breeds. METHODS Semen samples were collected from the stallions of 23 horse breeds. The following semen characteristics were examined: progressive motility (PM), progressive motility after freezing (FPM), and the difference between PM and FPM. The respective DNA samples from these stallions were genotyped using Axiom Equine Genotyping Array. RESULTS We performed a GWAS search for single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and potential genes related to motility properties of frozen-thawed semen in the stallions of various breeds. As a result of the GWAS analysis, two SNP markers, rs1141327473 and rs1149048772, were identified that were associated with preservation of the frozen-thawed stallion sperm motility, the relevant putative candidate genes being NME/NM23 family member 8 (NME8), olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily AP member 1 (OR2AP1), and olfactory receptor family 6 subfamily C member 4 (OR6C4). Potential implications of effects of these genes on sperm motility are herein discussed. CONCLUSION The GWAS results enabled us to localize novel SNPs and candidate genes for sperm motility in stallions. Implications of the study for horse breeding and genetics are a better understanding of genomic regions and candidate genes underlying stallion sperm quality, and improvement in horse reproduction and breeding techniques. The identified markers and genes for sperm cryotolerance and the respective genomic regions are promising candidates for further studying the biological processes in the formation and function of the stallion reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Nikitkina
- Russian Research Institute for Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding – Branch of the L. K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196625,
Russia
| | - Natalia V. Dementieva
- Russian Research Institute for Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding – Branch of the L. K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196625,
Russia
| | - Yuri S. Shcherbakov
- Russian Research Institute for Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding – Branch of the L. K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196625,
Russia
| | - Mikhail M. Atroshchenko
- All-Russian Research Institute for Horse Breeding, Rybnovsky District, Ryazan Oblast, 391105,
Russia
| | - Andrei A. Kudinov
- Russian Research Institute for Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding – Branch of the L. K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196625,
Russia
| | - Oleg I. Samoylov
- Russian Research Institute for Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding – Branch of the L. K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196625,
Russia
| | - Marina V. Pozovnikova
- Russian Research Institute for Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding – Branch of the L. K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196625,
Russia
| | - Artem P. Dysin
- Russian Research Institute for Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding – Branch of the L. K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196625,
Russia
| | - Anna A. Krutikova
- Russian Research Institute for Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding – Branch of the L. K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196625,
Russia
| | - Artem A. Musidray
- Russian Research Institute for Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding – Branch of the L. K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196625,
Russia
| | - Olga V. Mitrofanova
- Russian Research Institute for Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding – Branch of the L. K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196625,
Russia
| | - Kirill V. Plemyashov
- Russian Research Institute for Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding – Branch of the L. K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Tyarlevo, Pushkin, St. Petersburg, 196625,
Russia
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3
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Tang DG. Understanding and targeting prostate cancer cell heterogeneity and plasticity. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 82:68-93. [PMID: 34844845 PMCID: PMC9106849 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a prevalent malignancy that occurs primarily in old males. Prostate tumors in different patients manifest significant inter-patient heterogeneity with respect to histo-morphological presentations and molecular architecture. An individual patient tumor also harbors genetically distinct clones in which PCa cells display intra-tumor heterogeneity in molecular features and phenotypic marker expression. This inherent PCa cell heterogeneity, e.g., in the expression of androgen receptor (AR), constitutes a barrier to the long-term therapeutic efficacy of AR-targeting therapies. Furthermore, tumor progression as well as therapeutic treatments induce PCa cell plasticity such that AR-positive PCa cells may turn into AR-negative cells and prostate tumors may switch lineage identity from adenocarcinomas to neuroendocrine-like tumors. This induced PCa cell plasticity similarly confers resistance to AR-targeting and other therapies. In this review, I first discuss PCa from the perspective of an abnormal organ development and deregulated cellular differentiation, and discuss the luminal progenitor cells as the likely cells of origin for PCa. I then focus on intrinsic PCa cell heterogeneity in treatment-naïve tumors with the presence of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs). I further elaborate on PCa cell plasticity induced by genetic alterations and therapeutic interventions, and present potential strategies to therapeutically tackle PCa cell heterogeneity and plasticity. My discussions will make it clear that, to achieve enduring clinical efficacy, both intrinsic PCa cell heterogeneity and induced PCa cell plasticity need to be targeted with novel combinatorial approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean G Tang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; Experimental Therapeutics (ET) Graduate Program, The University at Buffalo & Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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4
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Wilkinson S, Ye H, Karzai F, Harmon SA, Terrigino NT, VanderWeele DJ, Bright JR, Atway R, Trostel SY, Carrabba NV, Whitlock NC, Walker SM, Lis RT, Abdul Sater H, Capaldo BJ, Madan RA, Gulley JL, Chun G, Merino MJ, Pinto PA, Salles DC, Kaur HB, Lotan TL, Venzon DJ, Choyke PL, Turkbey B, Dahut WL, Sowalsky AG. Nascent Prostate Cancer Heterogeneity Drives Evolution and Resistance to Intense Hormonal Therapy. Eur Urol 2021; 80:746-757. [PMID: 33785256 PMCID: PMC8473585 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients diagnosed with high risk localized prostate cancer have variable outcomes following surgery. Trials of intense neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (NADT) have shown lower rates of recurrence among patients with minimal residual disease after treatment. The molecular features that distinguish exceptional responders from poor responders are not known. OBJECTIVE To identify genomic and histologic features associated with treatment resistance at baseline. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Targeted biopsies were obtained from 37 men with intermediate- to high-risk prostate cancer before receiving 6 mo of ADT plus enzalutamide. Biopsy tissues were used for whole-exome sequencing and immunohistochemistry (IHC). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS We assessed the relationship of molecular features with final pathologic response using a cutpoint of 0.05 cm3 for residual cancer burden to compare exceptional responders to incomplete and nonresponders. We assessed intratumoral heterogeneity at the tissue and genomic level, and compared the volume of residual disease to the Shannon diversity index for each tumor. We generated multivariate models of resistance based on three molecular features and one histologic feature, with and without multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging estimates of baseline tumor volume. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Loss of chromosome 10q (containing PTEN) and alterations to TP53 were predictive of poor response, as were the expression of nuclear ERG on IHC and the presence of intraductal carcinoma of the prostate. Patients with incompletely and nonresponding tumors harbored greater tumor diversity as estimated via phylogenetic tree reconstruction from DNA sequencing and analysis of IHC staining. Our four-factor binary model (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.89) to predict poor response correlated with greater diversity in our cohort and a validation cohort of 57 Gleason score 8-10 prostate cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas. When baseline tumor volume was added to the model, it distinguished poor response to NADT with an AUC of 0.98. Prospective use of this model requires further retrospective validation with biopsies from additional trials. CONCLUSIONS A subset of prostate cancers exhibit greater histologic and genomic diversity at the time of diagnosis, and these localized tumors have greater fitness to resist therapy. PATIENT SUMMARY Some prostate cancer tumors do not respond well to a hormonal treatment called androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). We used tumor volume and four other parameters to develop a model to identify tumors that will not respond well to ADT. Treatments other than ADT should be considered for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Wilkinson
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Huihui Ye
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology and Department of Urology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Fatima Karzai
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie A Harmon
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas T Terrigino
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David J VanderWeele
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John R Bright
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rayann Atway
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shana Y Trostel
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicole V Carrabba
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nichelle C Whitlock
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Rosina T Lis
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Brian J Capaldo
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ravi A Madan
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James L Gulley
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guinevere Chun
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maria J Merino
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter A Pinto
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniela C Salles
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harsimar B Kaur
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William L Dahut
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam G Sowalsky
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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5
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Fiard G, Stavrinides V, Chambers ES, Heavey S, Freeman A, Ball R, Akbar AN, Emberton M. Cellular senescence as a possible link between prostate diseases of the ageing male. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:597-610. [PMID: 34294916 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00496-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate with age in all tissues. Although senescent cells undergo cell-cycle arrest, these cells remain metabolically active and their secretome - known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype - is responsible for a systemic pro-inflammatory state, which contributes to an inflammatory microenvironment. Senescent cells can be found in the ageing prostate and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and can be linked to BPH and prostate cancer. Indeed, a number of signalling pathways provide biological plausibility for the role of senescence in both BPH and prostate cancer, although proving causality is difficult. The theory of senescence as a mechanism for prostate disease has a number of clinical implications and could offer opportunities for targeting in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaelle Fiard
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Urology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France.
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France.
| | - Vasilis Stavrinides
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Emma S Chambers
- Centre for Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Susan Heavey
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alex Freeman
- Department of Pathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rhys Ball
- Department of Pathology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Arne N Akbar
- Division of Medicine, The Rayne Building, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Emberton
- UCL Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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6
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Erickson A, Hayes A, Rajakumar T, Verrill C, Bryant RJ, Hamdy FC, Wedge DC, Woodcock DJ, Mills IG, Lamb AD. A Systematic Review of Prostate Cancer Heterogeneity: Understanding the Clonal Ancestry of Multifocal Disease. Eur Urol Oncol 2021; 4:358-369. [PMID: 33888445 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Studies characterising genomic changes in prostate cancer (PCa) during natural progression have greatly increased our understanding of the disease. A better understanding of the evolutionary history of PCa would allow advances in diagnostics, prognostication, and novel therapies that together will improve patient outcomes. OBJECTIVE To review the molecular heterogeneity of PCa and assess recent efforts to profile intratumoural heterogeneity and clonal evolution. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We screened a total of 1313 abstracts from PubMed published between 2009 and 2020, of which we reviewed 84 full-text articles. We excluded 49, resulting in 35 studies for qualitative analysis. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS In studies of primary disease (16 studies, 4793 specimens), there is a lack of consensus regarding the monoclonal or polyclonal origin of primary PCa. There is no consistent mutation giving rise to primary PCa. Detailed clonal analysis of primary PCa has been limited by current techniques. By contrast, clonal relationships between PCa metastases and a potentiating clone have been consistently identified (19 studies, 732 specimens). Metastatic specimens demonstrate consistent truncal genomic aberrations that suggest monoclonal metastatic progenitors. CONCLUSIONS The relationship between the clonal dynamics of PCa and clinical outcomes needs further investigation. It is likely that this will provide a biological rationale for whether radical treatment of the primary tumour benefits patients with oligometastatic PCa. Future studies on the mutational burden in primary disease at single-cell resolution should permit the identification of clonal patterns underpinning the origin of lethal PCa. PATIENT SUMMARY Prostate cancers arise in different parts of the prostate because of DNA mutations that occur by chance at different times. These cancer cells and their origin can be tracked by DNA mapping. In this review we summarise the state of the art and outline what further science is needed to provide the missing answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Erickson
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alicia Hayes
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy Rajakumar
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Clare Verrill
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Richard J Bryant
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Urology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Freddie C Hamdy
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Urology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK
| | - David C Wedge
- Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dan J Woodcock
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian G Mills
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Alastair D Lamb
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Urology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, UK.
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7
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Wilkinson S, Harmon SA, Terrigino NT, Karzai F, Pinto PA, Madan RA, VanderWeele DJ, Lake R, Atway R, Bright JR, Carrabba NV, Trostel SY, Lis RT, Chun G, Gulley JL, Merino MJ, Choyke PL, Ye H, Dahut WL, Turkbey B, Sowalsky AG. A case report of multiple primary prostate tumors with differential drug sensitivity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:837. [PMID: 32054861 PMCID: PMC7018822 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14657-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Localized prostate cancers are genetically variable and frequently multifocal, comprising spatially distinct regions with multiple independently-evolving clones. To date there is no understanding of whether this variability can influence management decisions for patients with prostate tumors. Here, we present a single case from a clinical trial of neoadjuvant intense androgen deprivation therapy. A patient was diagnosed with a large semi-contiguous tumor by imaging, histologically composed of a large Gleason score 9 tumor with an adjacent Gleason score 7 nodule. DNA sequencing demonstrates these are two independent tumors, as only the Gleason 9 tumor harbors single-copy losses of PTEN and TP53. The PTEN/TP53-deficient tumor demonstrates treatment resistance, selecting for subclones with mutations to the remaining copies of PTEN and TP53, while the Gleason 7 PTEN-intact tumor is almost entirely ablated. These findings indicate that spatiogenetic variability is a major confounder for personalized treatment of patients with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Wilkinson
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Stephanie A Harmon
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Clinical Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, 8560 Progress Drive, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Nicholas T Terrigino
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Fatima Karzai
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter A Pinto
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ravi A Madan
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - David J VanderWeele
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, 420 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ross Lake
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rayann Atway
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - John R Bright
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Nicole V Carrabba
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shana Y Trostel
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rosina T Lis
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Guinevere Chun
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James L Gulley
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Maria J Merino
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Huihui Ye
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Pathology and Department of Urology, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - William L Dahut
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Adam G Sowalsky
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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8
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Testa U, Castelli G, Pelosi E. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Prostate Cancer Development: Therapeutic Implications. MEDICINES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 6:E82. [PMID: 31366128 PMCID: PMC6789661 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6030082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequent nonskin cancer and second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in man. Prostate cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease with many patients exhibiting an aggressive disease with progression, metastasis, and other patients showing an indolent disease with low tendency to progression. Three stages of development of human prostate tumors have been identified: intraepithelial neoplasia, adenocarcinoma androgen-dependent, and adenocarcinoma androgen-independent or castration-resistant. Advances in molecular technologies have provided a very rapid progress in our understanding of the genomic events responsible for the initial development and progression of prostate cancer. These studies have shown that prostate cancer genome displays a relatively low mutation rate compared with other cancers and few chromosomal loss or gains. The ensemble of these molecular studies has led to suggest the existence of two main molecular groups of prostate cancers: one characterized by the presence of ERG rearrangements (~50% of prostate cancers harbor recurrent gene fusions involving ETS transcription factors, fusing the 5' untranslated region of the androgen-regulated gene TMPRSS2 to nearly the coding sequence of the ETS family transcription factor ERG) and features of chemoplexy (complex gene rearrangements developing from a coordinated and simultaneous molecular event), and a second one characterized by the absence of ERG rearrangements and by the frequent mutations in the E3 ubiquitin ligase adapter SPOP and/or deletion of CDH1, a chromatin remodeling factor, and interchromosomal rearrangements and SPOP mutations are early events during prostate cancer development. During disease progression, genomic and epigenomic abnormalities accrued and converged on prostate cancer pathways, leading to a highly heterogeneous transcriptomic landscape, characterized by a hyperactive androgen receptor signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Testa
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Germana Castelli
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Elvira Pelosi
- Department of Oncology, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Vaile Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Trabzonlu L, Kulac I, Zheng Q, Hicks JL, Haffner MC, Nelson WG, Sfanos KS, Ertunc O, Lotan TL, Heaphy CM, Meeker AK, Yegnasubramanian S, De Marzo AM. Molecular Pathology of High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Challenges and Opportunities. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2019; 9:a030403. [PMID: 30082453 PMCID: PMC6444695 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the early stages of prostate cancer initiation, potentially arising from precursor lesions, may fuel development of powerful approaches for prostate cancer prevention or interception. The best-known candidate for such a precursor lesion has been referred to as high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN). Although there is significant evidence supporting the notion that such HGPIN lesions can give rise to invasive adenocarcinomas of the prostate, there are also numerous complicating considerations and evidence that cloud the picture in many instances. Notably, recent evidence has suggested that some fraction of such lesions that are morphologically consistent with HGPIN may actually be invasive carcinomas masquerading as HGPIN-a state that we term "postinvasive intraepithelial carcinoma" (PIC). Although the prevalence of such PIC lesions is not fully understood, this and other factors can confound the potential of identifying prostate precursors that can be targeted for disease prevention, interception, or treatment. Here, we review our current understanding of the morphological and molecular pathological features of prostate cancer precursor lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levent Trabzonlu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Ibrahim Kulac
- Department of Pathology, Koc University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34010, Turkey
| | - Qizhi Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Jessica L Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - William G Nelson
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
- The Brady Urological Research Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Karen S Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
- The Brady Urological Research Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Onur Ertunc
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Christopher M Heaphy
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
- The Brady Urological Research Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Alan K Meeker
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
- The Brady Urological Research Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
- The Brady Urological Research Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
- The Brady Urological Research Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
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Ye H, Sowalsky AG. Molecular correlates of intermediate- and high-risk localized prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2018; 36:368-374. [PMID: 30103901 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2017.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Clinicopathologic parameters, including Gleason score, remain the most validated prognostic factors for patients diagnosed with localized prostate cancer (PCa). However, patients of the same risk groups have exhibited heterogeneity of disease outcomes. To improve risk classification, multiple molecular risk classifiers have been developed, which were designed to inform beyond existing clinicopathologic classifiers. Alterations affecting tumor suppressors and oncogenes, such as PTEN, MYC, BRCA2, and TP53, which have been long associated with aggressive PCa, demonstrated grade-dependent frequency of alterations in localized PCas. In addition to these genetic hallmarks, several RNA-based commercial tests have been recently developed to help identify men who would benefit from earlier interventions. Large genomic studies also correlate germline genetic alterations and epigenetic features with adverse outcomes, further strengthening the link between the risk of metastasis and a stepwise accumulation of driver molecular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Ye
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Adam G Sowalsky
- Prostate Cancer Genetics Section, Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
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