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Burasothikul P, Navikhacheevin C, Pasawang P, Sontrapornpol T, Sukprakun C, Khamwan K. Dual-time-point dynamic 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT for parametric imaging generation in prostate cancer. Ann Nucl Med 2024:10.1007/s12149-024-01939-z. [PMID: 38761312 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-024-01939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the optimal dual-time-point (DTP) approaches using dynamic 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT imaging to generate parametric images for prostate cancer patients. METHODS Fifteen patients with prostate cancer were intravenously administered 68Ga-PSMA-11 of 181.9 ± 47.2 MBq, followed by an immediate 60 min dynamic PET/CT scan. List-mode data were reconstructed into 25 timeframes (6 × 10 s, 8 × 30 s, and 11 × 300 s) and corrected for motion and partial volume effect. DTP parametric images were generated using different interval time points of 5 min and 10 min, with a minimum of 30 min time interval. Net influx rates (Ki) were calculated through the fitting of a single irreversible two-tissue compartmental model. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values between DTP protocols and 60 min Ki were obtained. Lesion-to-background ratios (LBRs) of Ki and standardized uptake value (SUV) images in each DTP protocol were determined. RESULTS The DTP protocol of 5-10 min with a 40-45 min interval showed the highest ICC of 0.988 compared with the 60 min Ki, whereas the ICC values for the intervals of 0-5 min with 55-60 min and 0-10 min with 50-60 min were 0.941. The LBRs of the 60 min Ki, 5-10 min with 40-45 min Ki, 0-5 min with 55-60 min Ki, 0-10 min with 50-60 min Ki, SUVmean, and SUVmax images were 29.53 ± 27.33, 13.05 ± 15.28, 45.15 ± 53.11, 45.52 ± 70.31, 19.77 ± 23.43, and 25.06 ± 30.07, respectively. CONCLUSION The 0-5 min with 55-60 min DTP parametric imaging exhibits a comparable Ki to 60 min parametric imaging and remarkable image quality and contrast than SUV imaging, enhancing prostate cancer diagnosis while maintaining time efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paphawarin Burasothikul
- Medical Physics Program, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- School of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science Technology, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
- Chulalongkorn University Biomedical Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Navikhacheevin
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Panya Pasawang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanawat Sontrapornpol
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Chanan Sukprakun
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kitiwat Khamwan
- Medical Physics Program, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Chulalongkorn University Biomedical Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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2
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Ni X, Wei Y, Li X, Pan J, Fang B, Zhang T, Lu Y, Ye D, Zhu Y. From biology to the clinic - exploring liver metastasis in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2024:10.1038/s41585-024-00875-x. [PMID: 38671281 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-024-00875-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Liver metastases from prostate cancer are associated with an aggressive disease course and poor prognosis. Results from autopsy studies indicate a liver metastasis prevalence of up to 25% in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Population data estimate that ~3-10% of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer harbour liver metastases at the baseline, rising to 20-30% in post-treatment cohorts, suggesting that selective pressure imposed by novel therapies might promote metastatic spread to the liver. Liver metastases are associated with more aggressive tumour biology than lung metastases. Molecular profiling of liver lesions showed an enrichment of low androgen receptor, neuroendocrine phenotypes and high genomic instability. Despite advancements in molecular imaging modalities such as prostate-specific membrane antigen PET-CT, and liquid biopsy markers such as circulating tumour DNA, early detection of liver metastases from prostate cancer remains challenging, as both approaches are hampered by false positive and false negative results, impeding the accurate identification of early liver lesions. Current therapeutic strategies showed limited efficacy in this patient population. Emerging targeted radionuclide therapies, metastasis-directed therapy, and novel systemic agents have shown preliminary activity against liver metastases, but require further validation. Treatment with various novel prostate cancer therapies might lead to an increase in the prevalence of liver metastasis, underscoring the urgent need for coordinated efforts across preclinical and clinical researchers to improve characterization, monitoring, and management of liver metastases from prostate cancer. Elucidating molecular drivers of liver tropism and interactions with the liver microenvironment might ultimately help to identify actionable targets to enhance survival in this high-risk patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Ni
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Bangwei Fang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Genitourinary Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China.
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3
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Soares S, Aires F, Monteiro A, Pinto G, Faria I, Sales G, Correa-Duarte MA, Guerreiro S, Fernandes R. Radiotherapy Metastatic Prostate Cancer Cell Lines Treated with Gold Nanorods Modulate miRNA Signatures. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2754. [PMID: 38474003 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) modulation has been identified as a promising strategy for improving the response of human prostate cancer (PCa) to radiotherapy (RT). Studies have shown that mimics or inhibitors of miRNAs could modulate the sensitivity of PCa cells to RT. In addition, pegylated gold nanoparticles have been studied as a therapeutic approach to treat PCa cells and/or vehicles for carrying miRNAs to the inside of cells. Therefore, we evaluated the capacity of hypofractionated RT and pegylated gold nanorods (AuNPr-PEG) to modulate the miRNA signature on PCa cells. Thus, RT-qPCR was used to analyze miRNA-95, miRNA-106-5p, miRNA-145-5p, and miRNA-541-3p on three human metastatic prostate cell lines (PC3, DU145, and LNCaP) and one human prostate epithelial cell line (HprEpiC, a non-tumor cell line) with and without treatment. Our results showed that miRNA expression levels depend on cell type and the treatment combination applied using RT and AuNPr-PEG. In addition, cells pre-treated with AuNPr-PEG and submitted to 2.5 Gy per day for 3 days decreased the expression levels of miRNA-95, miRNA-106, miRNA-145, and miRNA-541-3p. In conclusion, PCa patients submitted to hypofractionated RT could receive personalized treatment based on their metastatic cellular miRNA signature, and AuNPr-PEG could be used to increase metastatic cell radiosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Soares
- (i3S), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Escola Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Biomark@UC/CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering of Minho University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Coimbra University, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
- Radiotherapy Service, São João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Aires
- Radiotherapy Service, São João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Armanda Monteiro
- Radiotherapy Service, São João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Pinto
- Radiotherapy Service, São João Hospital Center, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Isabel Faria
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Escola Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
| | - Goreti Sales
- CEB, Centre of Biological Engineering, Minho University, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Biomark@UC/CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering of Minho University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Coimbra University, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel A Correa-Duarte
- CINBIO, University of Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Southern Galicia Institute of Health Research (IISGS), Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), 36310 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Guerreiro
- (i3S), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto-IPATIMUP, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Biochemistry Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Porto, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- (i3S), Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FP-I3ID, Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento, FP-BHS, Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidade Fernando Pessoa (UFP), 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
- CECLIN, Centro de Estudos Clínicos, Hospital Escola Fernando Pessoa, 4420-096 Gondomar, Portugal
- UFP@RISE, Rede de Investigação em Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 4249-004 Porto, Portugal
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Shiner A, Sperandio RC, Naimi M, Emmenegger U. Prostate Cancer Liver Metastasis: An Ominous Metastatic Site in Need of Distinct Management Strategies. J Clin Med 2024; 13:734. [PMID: 38337427 PMCID: PMC10856097 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13030734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer liver metastasis (PCLM), seen in upwards of 25% of metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC) patients, is the most lethal site of mCRPC with a median overall survival of 10-14 months. Despite its ominous prognosis and anticipated rise in incidence due to longer survival with contemporary therapy, PCLM is understudied. This review aims to summarize the existing literature regarding the risk factors associated with the development of PCLM, and to identify areas warranting further research. A literature search was conducted through Ovid MEDLINE from 2000 to March 2023. Relevant subject headings and text words were used to capture the following concepts: "Prostatic Neoplasms", "Liver Neoplasms", and "Neoplasm Metastasis". Citation searching identified additional manuscripts. Forty-one studies were retained for detailed analysis. The clinical risk factors for visceral/liver metastasis included <70 years, ≥T3 tumor, N1 nodal stage, de novo metastasis, PSA >20 ng/mL, and a Gleason score >8. Additional risk factors comprised elevated serum AST, LDH or ALP, decreased Hb, genetic markers like RB1 and PTEN loss, PIK3CB and MYC amplification, as well as numerous PC treatments either acting directly or indirectly through inducing liver injury. Further research regarding predictive factors, early detection strategies, and targeted therapies for PCLM are critical for improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Shiner
- Division of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (A.S.); (R.C.S.); (M.N.)
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Rubens Copia Sperandio
- Division of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (A.S.); (R.C.S.); (M.N.)
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Mahdi Naimi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (A.S.); (R.C.S.); (M.N.)
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Urban Emmenegger
- Division of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; (A.S.); (R.C.S.); (M.N.)
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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Gillessen S, Procopio G, Hayoz S, Kremer E, Schwitter M, Caffo O, Lorente D, Pedrazzini A, Roubaud G, Nenan S, Omlin A, Buttigliero C, Delgado Mingorance JI, González-Del-Alba A, Delgado MT, Nole F, Turco F, Pereira Mestre R, Ribi K, Cathomas R. Darolutamide Maintenance in Patients With Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer With Nonprogressive Disease After Taxane Treatment (SAKK 08/16). J Clin Oncol 2023:JCO2201726. [PMID: 36753698 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.01726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the efficacy and safety of darolutamide maintenance after successful taxane chemotherapy in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) 08/16 is a randomized phase II study. Patients with mCRPC who received prior androgen-receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) and subsequently had nonprogressive disease on a taxane were randomly assigned to darolutamide 600 mg twice a day or placebo twice a day. The primary end point was radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) at 12 weeks. Secondary end points were rPFS, event-free survival, overall survival (OS), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 50% response rate, and adverse events. RESULTS Overall, 92 patients were recruited by 26 centers. Prior taxane was docetaxel in 93% and cabazitaxel in 7%. Prior ARPI was abiraterone in 60%, enzalutamide in 31%, and both in 9%. rPFS at 12 weeks was significantly improved with darolutamide (64.7% v 52.2%; P = .127). Median rPFS on darolutamide was 5.5 versus 4.5 months on placebo (hazard ratio [HR], 0.54; 95% CI, 0.32 to 0.91; P = .017), and median event-free survival was 5.4 versus 2.9 months (HR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.73; P = .001). PSA 50% response rate was improved (22% v 4%; P = .014). Median OS for darolutamide was 24 versus 21.3 months for placebo (HR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.3 to 1.26; P = .181). Treatment-related adverse events were similar in both arms. CONCLUSION SAKK 08/16 met its primary end point, showing that switch maintenance with darolutamide after prior taxane chemotherapy and at least one ARPI resulted in a statistically significant but clinically modest rPFS prolongation with good tolerability. The median OS with darolutamide maintenance appears promising. Should these findings be confirmed in a larger trial, maintenance treatment could be a novel strategy in managing patients with mCRPC, especially those who responded well to prior ARPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Gillessen
- EOC-Istituto Oncologico della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USI, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Michael Schwitter
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Orazio Caffo
- Presidio Ospedaliero Santa Chiara, Trento, Italy
| | - David Lorente
- Consorci Hospitalari Provincial de Castellón, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | | | | | - Soazig Nenan
- Unicancer, Département de la recherche et développement, Groupe d'étude des tumeurs urogénitales (GETUG), Paris, France
| | - Aurelius Omlin
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.,Onkozentrum Zürich Seefeld, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Consuelo Buttigliero
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, S. Luigi Hospital, Orbassano (Torino), Italy
| | | | | | | | - Franco Nole
- Istituto Europeo di Oncologia (IEO), Milano, Italy
| | - Fabio Turco
- EOC-Istituto Oncologico della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, S. Luigi Hospital, Orbassano (Torino), Italy
| | | | - Karin Ribi
- Competence Center of SAKK, Bern, Switzerland.,IBCSG Coordinating Office, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Richard Cathomas
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Kantonsspital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland
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Liver Microenvironment Response to Prostate Cancer Metastasis and Hormonal Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246189. [PMID: 36551674 PMCID: PMC9777323 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer-associated deaths arise from disease progression and metastasis. Metastasis to the liver is associated with the worst clinical outcomes for prostate cancer patients, and these metastatic tumors can be particularly resistant to the currently widely used chemotherapy and hormonal therapies, such as anti-androgens which block androgen synthesis or directly target the androgen receptor. The incidence of liver metastases is reportedly increasing, with a potential correlation with use of anti-androgen therapies. A key player in prostate cancer progression and therapeutic response is the microenvironment of the tumor(s). This is a dynamic and adaptive collection of cells and proteins, which impart signals and stimuli that can alter biological processes within prostate cancer cells. Investigation in the prostate primary site has demonstrated that cells of the microenvironment are also responsive to hormones and hormonal therapies. In this review, we collate information about what happens when cancer moves to the liver: the types of prostate cancer cells that metastasize there, the response of resident mesenchymal cells of the liver, and how the interactions between the cancer cells and the microenvironment may be altered by hormonal therapy.
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Sun D, Lin A, Sun Z, Yang S, Sun Y, Chen A, Qian G, Ji Z, Wang L. Nomograms predict survival benefits of radical prostatectomy and chemotherapy for prostate cancer with bone metastases: A SEER-based study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1020898. [PMID: 36561516 PMCID: PMC9764338 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1020898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to identify independent prognosis-associated factors of bone-metastatic prostate cancer. The nomograms were further developed to obtain indicators for the prognostic evaluation. Methods A total of 7315 bone-metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) patients from 2010 to 2016 were retrospectively collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients were randomly divided into the training cohort (n=5,120) and test cohort (n=2,195) in a ratio of 7:3. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were applied to evaluate potential risk factors. A 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was further performed to decrease the confounding effect and re-evaluate the influence of radical prostatectomy and chemotherapy on prognosis. Combining these potential prognosis factors, the nomograms of cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS) at different times were established. C-indexes, calibration curves, and decision curves were developed to evaluate the discrimination, calibration, and clinical benefit of the nomograms. Results Eleven independent prognosis factors for CSS and twelve for OS were utilized to conduct the nomograms respectively. The C-indexes of nomograms for CSS and OS were 0.712 and 0.702, respectively. A favorable consistency between the predicted and actual survival probabilities was demonstrated by adopting calibration curves. Decision curves also exhibited a positive clinical benefit of the nomograms. Conclusions Nomograms were formulated successfully to predict 3-year and 5-year CSS and OS for bone-metastatic PCa patients. Radical prostatectomy and chemotherapy were strongly associated with the bone-metastatic PCa prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Sun
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ao Lin
- The State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, Institute of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Xinzao, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhun Sun
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuqi Yang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuexin Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second Clinical School of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anning Chen
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guojun Qian
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Li Wang, ; Zhonghua Ji, ; Guojun Qian,
| | - Zhonghua Ji
- Department of Anesthesia, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Li Wang, ; Zhonghua Ji, ; Guojun Qian,
| | - Li Wang
- Nephrology Department, Southern Medical University Affiliated Longhua People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Li Wang, ; Zhonghua Ji, ; Guojun Qian,
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8
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Mirmoeeni S, Azari Jafari A, Shah M, Salemi F, Hashemi SZ, Seifi A. The Clinical, Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Prognostic Characteristics of Brain Metastases in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review. Prostate Cancer 2022; 2022:5324600. [PMID: 36474619 PMCID: PMC9719815 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5324600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common nonskin malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in men. The most common site of metastasis in PCa is the axial skeleton which may lead to back pain or pathological fractures. Hematogenous spread to the brain and involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) are a rare occurrence. However, failed androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may facilitate such a spread resulting in an advanced metastatic stage of PCa, which carries a poor prognosis. METHODS In this systematic review, we searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science online databases based on the PRISMA guideline and used all the medical subject headings (MeSH) in terms of the following search line: ("Brain Neoplasms" OR "Central Nervous System Neoplasms") and ("Prostatic Neoplasms" OR "Prostate"). Related studies were identified and reviewed. RESULTS A total of 59 eligible studies (902 patients) were included in this systematic review. In order to gain a deeper understanding, we extracted and presented the data from included articles based on clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, therapeutic approaches, and prognostic status of PCa patients having BMs. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated the current knowledge regarding the mechanism, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, therapeutic approaches, and prognosis of BMs in PCa. These data shed more light on the way to help clinicians and physicians to understand, diagnose, and manage BMs in PCa patients better.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Muffaqam Shah
- Deccan College of Medical Sciences, P.O. Kanchanbagh, DMRL ‘X' Road, Santhosh Nagar, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India
| | - Fateme Salemi
- School of Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Zohreh Hashemi
- Researcher at the Research Center of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Pharmacology Department, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Seifi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Neuro Critical Care, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Hu XH, Miao J, Qian L, Zhang DH, Wei HB. The predictors and surgical outcomes of different distant metastases patterns in upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A SEER-based study. Front Surg 2022; 9:1045831. [PMID: 36406343 PMCID: PMC9672083 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.1045831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the predictors of metastatic patterns of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) and to analyze the surgical outcomes of different metastatic patterns of UTUC. Data on patients with UTUC from 2010 to 2017 were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database. Kaplan-Meier analysis was applied to compare the patients' survival distributions. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the specific predictors of site-specific metastases, while competitive risk regression was applied to estimate the predictors of cancer-specific mortality in patients with metastases. A total of 9,436 patients were enrolled from the SEER database, of which 1,255 patients had distant metastases. Lung metastasis (42.5%) was most common and patients with single distant lymph node metastasis had a better prognosis. Clinical N stage (N1, N2, N3) was the strongest predictors of the site specific metastatic sites. Renal pelvis carcinoma was more prone to develop lung metastases (OR = 1.67, P < 0.01). Resection of the primary tumor site is beneficial for the prognosis of patients with metastatic UTUC, whether local tumor resection (HR = 0.72, P < 0.01) or nephroureterectomy (HR = 0.64, P < 0.01). Patients with single distant lymph node metastasis have the greatest benefit in nephroureterectomy compared to other specific-site metastases (median survival 19 months vs. 8 months). An understanding of distant metastatic patterns and surgical outcomes in patients with UTUC is important in clinical settings and helpful in the design of personalized treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-han Hu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Miao
- Department of Urology, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Lin Qian
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Da-hong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-bin Wei
- Department of Urology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Kurokawa R, Kato S, Koyama H, Ishida M, Kurokawa M, Kuroda R, Ushiku T, Kume H, Abe O. Osteolytic or mixed bone metastasis is not uncommon in patients with high-grade prostate cancer. Eur J Radiol 2022; 157:110595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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11
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Wen R, Zhao H, Zhang D, Chiu CL, Brooks JD. Sialylated glycoproteins as biomarkers and drivers of progression in prostate cancer. Carbohydr Res 2022; 519:108598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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12
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Fonseca NM, Van der Eecken K, Herberts C, Verbeke S, Ng SWS, Lumen N, Ritch E, Murtha AJ, Bernales CQ, Schönlau E, Moris L, Van Dorpe J, Annala M, Wyatt AW, Ost P. Genomic Features of Lung-Recurrent Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2100543. [PMID: 35507889 DOI: 10.1200/po.21.00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Pulmonary involvement is rare in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) that recurs after treatment for localized disease. Guidelines recommend intensive systemic therapy, similar to patients with liver metastases, but some lung-recurrent mHSPC may have good outcomes. Genomic features of lung metastases may clarify disease aggression, but are poorly understood since lung biopsy is rarely performed. We present a comparative assessment of genomic drivers and heterogeneity in metachronous prostate tumors and lung metastases. METHODS We leveraged a prospective functional imaging study of 208 biochemically recurrent prostate cancers to identify 10 patients with lung-recurrent mHSPC. Histologic diagnosis was attained via thoracic surgery or fine-needle lung biopsy. We retrieved clinical data and performed multiregion sampling of primary tumors and metastases. Targeted and/or whole-exome sequencing was applied to 46 primary and 32 metastatic foci. RESULTS Unusually for mHSPC, all patients remained alive despite a median follow-up of 11.5 years. Several patients experienced long-term freedom from systemic treatment. The genomic landscape of lung-recurrent mHSPC was typical of curable prostate cancer with frequent PTEN, SPOP, and chromosome 8p alterations, and there were no deleterious TP53 and DNA damage repair gene mutations that characterize aggressive prostate cancer. Despite a long median time to recurrence (76.8 months), copy number alterations and clonal mutations were highly conserved between metastatic and primary foci, consistent with intrapatient homogeneity and limited genomic evolution. CONCLUSION In this retrospective hypothesis-generating study, we observed indolent genomic etiology in selected lung-recurrent mHSPC, cautioning against grouping these patients together with liver or bone-predominant mHSPC. Although our data do not generalize to all patients with lung metastases, the results encourage prospective efforts to stratify lung-recurrent mHSPC by genomic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette M Fonseca
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kim Van der Eecken
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Cameron Herberts
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sofie Verbeke
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah W S Ng
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicolaas Lumen
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Belgium.,Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elie Ritch
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrew J Murtha
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cecily Q Bernales
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Elena Schönlau
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lisa Moris
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals Leuven, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jo Van Dorpe
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matti Annala
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada.,Prostate Cancer Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences and BioMediTech Institute, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Alexander W Wyatt
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, British Columbia, Canada.,Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Piet Ost
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Belgium.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Iridium Network, Antwerp, Belgium
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13
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Davila-Legorreta E, Rodenas-Gil EA, Navarro-Ruesga I, Santa Maria-Orozco FJ, Cantellano-Orozco M, Pacheco-Gahbler C. Progressive vision loss as the initial symptom of Prostate Cancer. Urol Case Rep 2022; 42:102000. [PMID: 35530535 PMCID: PMC9073208 DOI: 10.1016/j.eucr.2022.102000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Althought it may vary between countries, since the prostate specific antigen screening era, metastasic prostate cancer at diagnosis accounts for approximately 10% of cases. Intracranial dural metastases are uncommon, but when present they may lead to an increase in intracranial pressure that can subsequently damage intracranial structures, such as the cranial nerves. Prolonged intracranial hypertension can cause optic nerve ischemia, leading to progressive and irreversible vision loss if untreated, hence the importance of anamnesis, complete physical examination, and clinical suspicion.
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14
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Identification and validation of the prognostic impact of metastatic prostate cancer phenotypes. Clin Genitourin Cancer 2022; 20:371-380. [PMID: 35383004 PMCID: PMC9329179 DOI: 10.1016/j.clgc.2022.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Castration-sensitive metastatic prostate cancer is heterogeneous. Our objective is to identify metastatic prostate cancer phenotypes and their prognostic impact on survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS The National Cancer Database was queried. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was used for validation. Patterns were split into: nonregional lymph node, bone only, and visceral (any brain/liver/lung). Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models, odds ratios were calculated, Kaplan-Meier curves were generated, and a nomogram of the multivariate regression model was created. RESULTS The training set included 13,818 men; bone only was most common (n = 11,632, 84.2%), then nonregional lymph node (n = 1388, 10.0%), and any visceral (brain/liver/lung; n = 798, 5.8%). Risk of death was increased by metastases to a visceral organ versus nonregional lymph node (HR = 2.26; 95% CI [2.00, 2.56]), bone only metastases versus nonregional lymph node (HR = 1.57; 95% CI [1.43, 1.72]), T-stage 4 versus 1 (HR = 1.27; 95% CI [1.17, 1.36]), Grade Group 5 versus 1 (HR = 1.93; 95% CI [1.61, 2.31]), PSA > 20 ng/mL versus < 10 ng/mL (HR = 1.32; 95% CI [1.23, 1.42]), and age ≥ 80 versus < 50 (HR = 1.96; 95% CI [1.69, 2.29]). On internal validation, the model had C-indices 20.5%, 22.7%, and 14.6% higher than the current staging system for overall survival, 1-year, and 5-year survival, respectively. CONCLUSION We developed and validated prognostic metastatic prostate cancer phenotypes that can assist risk stratification to potentially personalize therapy. Our nomogram (https://tinyurl.com/prostate-met) may be used to predict survival.
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15
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Al-Salihi MM, Al-Jebur MS, Lozada-Martinez ID, Rahman MM, Rahman S. Brain metastasis from prostate cancer: A review of the literature with an illustrative case. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURGERY OPEN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijso.2021.100419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Salah S, Abu‐Hijlih R, Abuhijla F, Tamimi F, Al‐Tell A, Shahait M. Pretreatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a potential prognostic biomarker for newly diagnosed patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 4:e1392. [PMID: 34159754 PMCID: PMC8551990 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the prognostic role of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been assessed in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, data on its impact on oncological outcomes of patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) are scarce. AIM This study aims to examine the influence of elevated pretreatment NLR on time to prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) progression and overall survival (OS) of patients with mCSPC. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients presenting between June 2007 and June 2019 with mCSPC. Survival was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test. Multivariate analyses were used to assess the factors influencing time to PSA progression and OS. RESULTS A total of 189 patients were included; median age = 69 years, median PSA = 155 ng/mL, 41(22%) had visceral metastasis. Median time to PSA progression was shorter for patients with NLR ≥4 (n = 37) compared to patients with NLR < 4 (n = 146); 11.3 and 18.3 months, respectively, P = .015. Patients with NLR ≥4 also had inferior median OS (23.9 vs 49.5 months, P = .001). On multivariate analysis, NLR ≥4 was not an independent factor for time to PSA progression. However, NLR ≥4 was an independent factor of inferior OS (HR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.01-7.87, P = .047). Other independent factors predicting inferior OS included Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status ≥1, high-volume status, and Hb < 12. CONCLUSION Elevated pretreatment NLR independently predicts inferior OS in newly diagnosed patients with mCSPC. However, NLR was not a predictor of time to PSA progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Salah
- Department of Medical OncologyKing Hussein Cancer CenterAmmanJordan
| | - Ramiz Abu‐Hijlih
- Department of Radiation OncologyKing Hussein Cancer CenterAmmanJordan
| | - Fawzi Abuhijla
- Department of Radiation OncologyKing Hussein Cancer CenterAmmanJordan
| | - Faris Tamimi
- Department of Medical OncologyKing Hussein Cancer CenterAmmanJordan
| | - Abdallah Al‐Tell
- Department of Medical OncologyKing Hussein Cancer CenterAmmanJordan
| | - Mohammed Shahait
- Department of Surgery, Division of UrologyKing Hussein Cancer CenterAmmanJordan
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17
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Rosar F, Krause J, Bartholomä M, Maus S, Stemler T, Hierlmeier I, Linxweiler J, Ezziddin S, Khreish F. Efficacy and Safety of [ 225Ac]Ac-PSMA-617 Augmented [ 177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 Radioligand Therapy in Patients with Highly Advanced mCRPC with Poor Prognosis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050722. [PMID: 34069003 PMCID: PMC8156464 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of 225Ac in prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radioligand therapy (RLT), either as monotherapy or in combination with 177Lu, is a promising therapy approach in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate carcinoma (mCRPC). In this study, we report the efficacy and safety of [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-617 augmented [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 RLT in 177Lu-naive mCRPC patients (n = 15) with poor prognosis (presence of visceral metastases, high total tumor burden with diffuse bone metastases or a short PSA doubling time of <2 months). Biochemical (by PSA serum value) and molecular imaging response (by [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT) was assessed after two cycles of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 RLT, with at least one [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-617 augmentation. In addition, PSA-based progression-free survival (PSA-PFS), overall survival (OS) and toxicity (according to CTCAE) were analyzed. We observed a biochemical- and molecular imaging-based partial remission in 53.3% (8/15) and 66.7% (10/15) of patients, respectively. The median PSA-PFS and OS was 9.1 and 14.8 months, respectively. No serious acute adverse events were recorded. Two out of fifteen patients experienced grade 3 anemia. No other grade 3/4 toxicities were observed. RLT-related xerostomia (grade 1/2) was recorded in 2/15 patients. Our data showed a high clinical efficacy with a favorable side effects profile of [225Ac]Ac-PSMA-617 augmented [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 RLT in this highly challenging patient cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rosar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.R.); (J.K.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (T.S.); (I.H.); (S.E.)
| | - Jonas Krause
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.R.); (J.K.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (T.S.); (I.H.); (S.E.)
| | - Mark Bartholomä
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.R.); (J.K.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (T.S.); (I.H.); (S.E.)
| | - Stephan Maus
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.R.); (J.K.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (T.S.); (I.H.); (S.E.)
| | - Tobias Stemler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.R.); (J.K.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (T.S.); (I.H.); (S.E.)
| | - Ina Hierlmeier
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.R.); (J.K.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (T.S.); (I.H.); (S.E.)
| | | | - Samer Ezziddin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.R.); (J.K.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (T.S.); (I.H.); (S.E.)
| | - Fadi Khreish
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (F.R.); (J.K.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (T.S.); (I.H.); (S.E.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6841622201
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18
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Antiprostate Cancer Activity of Ineupatolide Isolated from Carpesium cernuum L. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5515961. [PMID: 33996996 PMCID: PMC8105106 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5515961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the antiprostate cancer effects and mechanism of ineupatolide (T-21), a natural product isolated from the Compositae plant Carpesium cernuum L., on PC-3 human prostate cancer cells. Methods The effect of T-21 on the proliferation of PC-3 cells was detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, cell migration, and invasion experiments; the morphology of cell apoptosis was observed by Hoechst-propidium iodide staining; the effects of T-21 on PC-3 cell apoptosis and the cell cycle were evaluated by flow cytometry; and the effect of T-21 on the expression levels of phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT), AKT, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (xlAP), procaspase-3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in PC-3 cells was measured by western blotting. Results T-21 significantly inhibited the proliferation of cells, and its half-maximal inhibitory concentrations at 12, 24, and 48 h were 38.46 ± 1.01, 24.63 ± 0.70, and 7.36 ± 0.58 μM, respectively. T-21 may promote cell apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner and block the cell cycle in the G2 and S phases. In addition, T-21 significantly reduced the protein expression levels of p-AKT, AKT, xlAP, procaspase-3, and PARP. Conclusion T-21 exhibits antiproliferation effects on PC-3 cells by promoting apoptosis and arresting the cell cycle in the G2 and S phases. The possible mechanism underlying its potential therapeutic effects against prostate cancer is related to the AKT/xlAP pathway.
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19
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McBean R, Tatkovic A, Wong DC. Intracranial Metastasis from Prostate Cancer: Investigation, Incidence, and Imaging Findings in a Large Cohort of Australian Men. J Clin Imaging Sci 2021; 11:24. [PMID: 33948339 PMCID: PMC8088474 DOI: 10.25259/jcis_52_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Prostate cancer metastasizing to the brain is remarkably uncommon, with the incidence never having been described in the modern setting. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and imaging pattern of intracranial metastasis from prostate cancer in a large cohort of Australian men with prostate cancer. Material and Methods: Retrospective review was undertaken of imaging reports for all known prostate cancer patients, who underwent an imaging examination inclusive of the brain, between July 1, 2014, and July 1, 2020. Once an intracranial lesion was identified, all available imaging and clinical notes were reviewed. Results: A total of 5644 imaging examinations which included the brain were identified in 4341 prostate cancer patients. The majority (92.1%) of examinations were 68-Gallium-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (68Ga-PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Eight patients were identified as having an intracranial metastasis from prostate cancer, yielding an incidence of 0.18%. All patients had a Gleason score of 9 (where known), and the majority of patients (5/8) had a non-acinar variant of prostate cancer. At the time of diagnosis of intracranial metastasis, all patients had extensive metastatic disease. Imaging characteristics of the intracranial lesions were highly variable. Conclusion: The incidence of intracranial metastasis in prostate cancer patients has never been well-established. In this study, we determined the incidence as being 0.18%. Given the majority of metastasis constituted unexpected findings on routine restaging 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, the incidence determined in our study is arguably the most accurate and clinically relevant described to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon McBean
- I-MED Radiology, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Annaleis Tatkovic
- I-MED Radiology, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Chee Wong
- I-MED Radiology, The Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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20
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De Leiris N, Ruggeri V, Riou L, Laramas M, Djaileb L. Aggressive Bone Metastatic Prostate Cancer With Periosteal Reaction in 18F-Choline PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med 2021; 46:e116-e117. [PMID: 33181748 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Prostate cancer bone metastases usually appear as osteosclerotic lesions. However, atypical lesions have also been described. We report herein the case of a 65-year-old man treated since 2013 for prostate cancer with early bone metastases. This asymptomatic patient was referred for 18F-choline PET/CT due to a major elevation of prostate-specific antigen to >1500 ng/mL. The results indicated multiple bone lesions, disseminated on the axial skeleton, girdles, and upper extremities of femurs. Interestingly, we described the development of an intensely hypermetabolic spiculated periosteal reaction, evidencing a rapidly progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laurent Riou
- INSERM, U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques
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21
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Propst R, Chen Wongworawat Y, Choo E, Cobb C, Raza A. Metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma and high-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm mimicking acute appendicitis in a post-radiation therapy patient. SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2021; 9:2050313X20988421. [PMID: 33796305 PMCID: PMC7970671 DOI: 10.1177/2050313x20988421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common visceral malignancy diagnosed in males. Surveillance for post-treatment neoplasms is very crucial. Here we report the first case of recurrent metastatic prostate cancer presenting as acute appendicitis in a background of a high-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm. In addition, this case also includes an unusually early presentation of a secondary primary malignancy after radiation therapy. A 70-year-old male with a history of prostate adenocarcinoma status post-proton radiation therapy presented with recurrent poorly differentiated prostate adenocarcinoma with disease progression and extra-prostatic extension. He underwent salvage proton therapy and testosterone replacement therapy. Two years later, the patient presented with right lower quadrant pain. A computed tomography scan showed perforated acute appendicitis with intra-abdominal abscess, which was treated with interval appendectomy. Upon histologic analysis, metastatic prostatic adenocarcinoma was noted in the appendiceal wall and mesoappendix. In addition, an incidental background of high-grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasm was found. Four months later, he presented with persistent abdominal pain, rapid weight loss, fatigue, and fever for 3 months. An abdominal CT scan revealed a 6.1 cm rectal mass. Pathologic analysis diagnosed an aggressive post-radiation spindle cell sarcoma, intermediate to high grade. The patient opted for palliative care. This case shows that a clinical presentation of acute appendicitis in an older patient may sometimes portend a neoplastic rather than infectious etiology. Clinical history and patient epidemiology should always be considered when evaluating an older patient with clinical signs and symptoms of acute appendicitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Propst
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Yan Chen Wongworawat
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Evelyn Choo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Camilla Cobb
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Anwar Raza
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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22
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Lu YJ, Duan WM. Establishment and validation of a novel predictive model to quantify the risk of bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:310-325. [PMID: 33532320 PMCID: PMC7844484 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with prostate cancer (PCa) commonly suffer from bone metastasis during disease progression. This study aims to construct and validate a nomogram to quantify bone metastasis risk in patients with PCa. Methods Clinicopathological data of patients diagnosed with PCa between 2010 and 2015 were retrospectively retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Predictors for bone metastasis were identified by logistic regression analyses to establish a nomogram. The concordance index (c-index) and calibration plots were generated to assess the nomogram’s discrimination, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to compare the precision of the nomogram with routine staging systems. The nomogram’s clinical performance was evaluated by decision curve analysis (DCA) and clinical impact curves (CIC). Independent prognostic factors were identified by Cox regression analysis. Results A total of 168,414 eligible cases were randomly assigned to the training cohort or validation cohort at a ratio of 1:1. The nomogram, which was established based on independent factors, showed good accuracy, with c-indexes of 0.911 in the training set and 0.910 in the validation set. Calibration plots also approached 45 degrees. After other distant metastatic sites were included in the predictive model, the new nomogram displayed superior prediction performance. The AUCs and net benefit of the nomograms were both higher than those of other routine staging systems. Furthermore, bone metastasis prediction points were shown to be a new risk factor for overall survival. Conclusions Novel validated nomograms can effectively predict the risk of bone metastasis in patients with PCa and help clinicians improve cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Lu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ming Duan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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23
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Iwamoto H, Izumi K, Shimada T, Kano H, Kadomoto S, Makino T, Naito R, Yaegashi H, Shigehara K, Kadono Y, Mizokami A. Androgen receptor signaling-targeted therapy and taxane chemotherapy induce visceral metastasis in castration-resistant prostate cancer. Prostate 2021; 81:72-80. [PMID: 33047850 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral metastasis (VM), an important poor prognostic factor of prostate cancer (PC), is not commonly observed in castration sensitive status but is often observed after castration-resistant progression. However, the site, timing of emergence, and incidence of VM in castration-resistant patients have not yet been fully elucidated. METHODS Demographic, surgical, pathological, and follow-up data of PC patients treated at Kanazawa University Hospital between January 2000 and December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed using their medical charts. From this data, risk factors of VM and survival of patients with VM were elucidated. RESULTS Of 1364 patients, 21 (1.5%) had VM at diagnosis. Of 179 (13.1%) castration-resistant patients, 55 experienced emergence of new VM during treatment course. Incidence of new VM, especially nonlung, such as liver and adrenal metastases, increased significantly in proportion with the number of prescribed treatments. Multivariate analysis revealed that T stage, M stage, age, and treatment history with androgen receptor (AR) signaling-targeted agents and/or taxanes significantly increased the risk of VM. Compared with the group with VM at diagnosis, survival after diagnosis of VM following treatment was significantly shorter. CONCLUSION Although sequential use of new AR signaling-targeted agents and taxanes for castration-resistant PC (CRPC) is a standard treatment strategy, it often results in development of VM. Elucidating the mechanisms of VM are essential to improve survival in patients with CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Iwamoto
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kouji Izumi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Shimada
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kano
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Suguru Kadomoto
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Makino
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Renato Naito
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yaegashi
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Shigehara
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kadono
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Mizokami
- Department of Integrative Cancer Therapy and Urology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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24
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Liu RZ, Godbout R. An Amplified Fatty Acid-Binding Protein Gene Cluster in Prostate Cancer: Emerging Roles in Lipid Metabolism and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3823. [PMID: 33352874 PMCID: PMC7766576 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment for early stage and localized prostate cancer (PCa) is highly effective. Patient survival, however, drops dramatically upon metastasis due to drug resistance and cancer recurrence. The molecular mechanisms underlying PCa metastasis are complex and remain unclear. It is therefore crucial to decipher the key genetic alterations and relevant molecular pathways driving PCa metastatic progression so that predictive biomarkers and precise therapeutic targets can be developed. Through PCa cohort analysis, we found that a fatty acid-binding protein (FABP) gene cluster (containing five FABP family members) is preferentially amplified and overexpressed in metastatic PCa. All five FABP genes reside on chromosome 8 at 8q21.13, a chromosomal region frequently amplified in PCa. There is emerging evidence that these FABPs promote metastasis through distinct biological actions and molecular pathways. In this review, we discuss how these FABPs may serve as drivers/promoters for PCa metastatic transformation using patient cohort analysis combined with a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roseline Godbout
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada;
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25
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Jin S, Wei J, Wang J, Wang B, Wu J, Gan H, Dai B, Qin X, Lin G, Wei Y, Yang C, Shen Y, Zhu Y, Zhu Y, Ye D. Prognostic Value of Local Treatment in Prostate Cancer Patients With Different Metastatic Sites: A Population Based Retrospective Study. Front Oncol 2020; 10:527952. [PMID: 33364186 PMCID: PMC7753115 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.527952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Our study aims to examine the impact of definitive local therapy in prostate cancer patients with different metastatic sites. Methods Totally, 5,849 patients diagnosed with metastatic prostate carcinoma from 2010 to 2014 were selected from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER). Log-rank analyses, multivariable regression analysis, and Kaplan-Meier methods were used to assess prognostic impact of local treatment in patients with different metastatic sites. Survival curves and forest plots were also plotted to describe the prognostic value of definitive local therapy. Results In our study, 159 patients received radical prostatectomy, and 62 received brachytherapy, while 5,628 did not receive local definitive local therapy. Survival analysis revealed that patients who received definitive local therapy had a better 5-year overall survival (OS) (P = 0.011) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) (P = 0.012). Multivariate regression analyses demonstrated that type of treatment was an independent prognostic indicator for OS (P = 0.011) and CSS (P = 0.012), along with age at diagnosis, chemotherapy, PSA level, and Gleason score. According to subgroup analysis, patients with bone metastasis or distant lymph node (LN) metastasis were significantly more likely to benefit from definitive local therapy. In addition, forest plots demonstrated that RP group had significant favorable OS and CSS in subgroups of younger age at diagnosis, T2-3 stage, N0-1 stage, Gleason score =7 or ≥8, bone metastasis, and distant LN metastasis. Conclusions Our study suggested that local therapy improved survival in prostate cancer patients with bone or distant LN metastasis. Furthermore, patients who were at T2-3 stage or Gleason score ≥7 also significantly benefit from definitive local therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengming Jin
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaming Wei
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beihe Wang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junlong Wu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualei Gan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojian Qin
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guowen Lin
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wei
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Shen
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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26
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Zhang Z, Wei M, Mai L, Li Y, Wu J, Huang H, Huang S, Lin M, Jiang X, Zhou F, Liu M, Liu Y, He L. Survival Outcomes and Prognostic Analysis Following Greater Cytoreductive Radiotherapy in Patients With Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:549220. [PMID: 33102216 PMCID: PMC7555263 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.549220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zitong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Wei
- Department of Oncology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixin Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sijuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maosheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangjian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengzhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Yang Liu
| | - Liru He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liru He
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27
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Ross MI, Bird N, Mendichovszky IA, Rimmer YL. Neurologically asymptomatic cerebral oligometastatic prostate carcinoma metastasis identified on [Ga]Ga-THP-PSMA PET/CT. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:108. [PMID: 32960378 PMCID: PMC7509016 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain metastases from prostate cancer are rare and usually only occur in the context of widespread systemic disease. This is the first case report of a solitary brain oligometastasis, in a neurologically intact prostate cancer patient with no other systemic disease, detected using [68Ga]Ga-THP-PSMA PET/CT and only the second one using a PSMA-based radiopharmaceutical. Case presentation We report the case of a prostate cancer patient presenting 5 years after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy with biochemical recurrence, no neurological symptoms, and in the absence of metastatic lesions in the body on conventional imaging. A solitary cerebral metastasis was detected using [68Ga]Ga-THP-PSMA PET/CT, surgically resected, leading to a drop in serum PSA and a good recovery. Conclusion In this case, [68Ga]Ga-THP-PSMA PET/CT resulted in a major change in clinical management and avoided additional morbidity associated with delayed diagnosis and treatment. This report demonstrates the importance of considering the presence of metastatic disease outside the conventional locations of prostate cancer spread, as well as the importance of ensuring comprehensive [68Ga]Ga-PSMA PET/CT coverage from vertex to upper thighs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Ross
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - N Bird
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - I A Mendichovszky
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK. .,Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK. .,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Y L Rimmer
- Department of Oncology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
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28
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FDG Hepatic Superscan Due to Metastatic Infiltration of Prostate Cancer. Clin Nucl Med 2020; 45:474-476. [PMID: 32366788 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000003044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A 69-year-old man with prostate cancer presented to the hospital with 2 weeks' history of fever, abdominal distension, and fatigue. Laboratory findings showed signs of acute liver failure, and marked elevation of lactate dehydrogenase and tumor marker levels. Abdominal CT showed hepatomegaly with multiple hypodense lesions in both lobes, suggesting metastases. FDG PET/CT scan shows hypermetabolism unusually in the liver with significantly suppressed heart and brain activity, reminiscent of an FDG hepatic superscan. The hypermetabolic lesions confirmed with Tru-Cut needle biopsy of the liver as metastasis of prostate cancer.
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29
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de Leiris N, Leenhardt J, Boussat B, Montemagno C, Seiller A, Phan Sy O, Roux J, Laramas M, Verry C, Iriart C, Fiard G, Long JA, Descotes JL, Vuillez JP, Riou L, Djaileb L. Does whole-body bone SPECT/CT provide additional diagnostic information over [18F]-FCH PET/CT for the detection of bone metastases in the setting of prostate cancer biochemical recurrence? Cancer Imaging 2020; 20:58. [PMID: 32787923 PMCID: PMC7425051 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-020-00333-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess whether whole-body (WB) bone SPECT/CT provides additional diagnostic information over [18F]-FCH PET/CT for the detection of bone metastases in the setting of prostate cancer biochemical recurrence (PC-BR). METHODS Patients referred for a PC-BR and whom benefited from a WB bone SPECT/CT and FCH PET/CT were retrospectively included. Tests were classified as positive, equivocal, or negative for bone metastases. A best valuable comparator (BVC) strategy including imaging and follow-up data was used to determine the metastatic status in the absence of systematic histological evaluation. RESULTS Between January 2011 and November 2017, 115 consecutive patients with a PC-BR were evaluated. According to the BVC, 30 patients had bone metastases and 85 patients did not present with bone lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were respectively 86.7% [69.3-96.2], 98.8% [93.6-100.0], 96.3% [78.7-99.5], and 95.5% [89.4-98.1] for WB bone SPECT/CT and 93.3% [77.9-99.2], 100.0% [95.8-100.0], 100.0 and 97.7% [91.8-99.4] for FCH PET/CT. There was no significant difference in diagnostic accuracy of bone metastases between WB Bone SPECT/CT (AUC 0.824 [0.74-0.90]) and FCH PET/CT (AUC 0.829 [0.75-0.90], p = 0.41). CONCLUSION Despite good performances for the diagnosis of bone metastases in PC-BR, WB bone SPECT/CT does not provide additive diagnostic information over concomitant FCH PET/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas de Leiris
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France. .,INSERM, U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France.
| | - Julien Leenhardt
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France
| | - Bastien Boussat
- Public Health Department, Grenoble-Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Olivier Phan Sy
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Roux
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathieu Laramas
- Department of Oncology, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Camille Verry
- Department of Radiotherapy, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Carole Iriart
- Department of Radiotherapy, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Gaelle Fiard
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Alexandre Long
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Luc Descotes
- Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Vuillez
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France
| | - Laurent Riou
- INSERM, U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France
| | - Loïc Djaileb
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Grenoble Alpes University Hospital, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1039, Radiopharmaceutiques Biocliniques, Grenoble, France
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30
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Berghen C, Joniau S, Vulsteke C, Albersen M, Devos G, Rans K, Haustermans K, De Meerleer G. Metastasis-directed therapy for oligometastatic urological tumours: still no second-hand news. Ecancermedicalscience 2020; 14:1036. [PMID: 32565889 PMCID: PMC7289610 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
For patients presenting with limited metastatic disease burden, known as the oligometastatic state of disease, a more aggressive treatment approach targeting the new or progressive metastatic lesions might improve patient outcome, with no or only limited toxicity to be expected from the treatment. This review provides an overview of the existing evidence and on-going trials on oligometastatic disease and metastasis-directed therapy in the field of renal, bladder and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlien Berghen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steven Joniau
- Department of Urology, Leuven University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christof Vulsteke
- Department of Oncology, Ghent Maria Middelares Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Molecular Imaging, Pathology, Radiotherapy and Oncology (MIPRO), Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maarten Albersen
- Department of Urology, Leuven University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gaëtan Devos
- Department of Urology, Leuven University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kato Rans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karin Haustermans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gert De Meerleer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leuven University Hospital, Leuven, Belgium
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31
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Zhao F, Wang J, Chen M, Chen D, Ye S, Li X, Chen X, Ren G, Yan S. Sites of synchronous distant metastases and prognosis in prostate cancer patients with bone metastases at initial diagnosis: a population-based study of 16,643 patients. Clin Transl Med 2019; 8:30. [PMID: 31784868 PMCID: PMC6884608 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-019-0247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone is a preferential site for prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis. However, sites of synchronous distant metastases in PCa patients with bone metastases at initial diagnosis and their impacts on prognosis are still unclear, limiting our ability to better stratify and treat the patients. In this study, we examined the sites of synchronous extra-skeletal metastases in de novo PCa patients with bone metastases and their associated prognoses. METHODS In total, 16,643 de novo PCa patients with bone metastases from the SEER database were included. After stratification of metastatic sites (bone, lung, liver, and brain) and treatment modalities, overall survival (OS) and independent predictors of OS, were analyzed. RESULTS Lung was the most frequent site of synchronous metastases, followed by liver, while brain metastases were relatively uncommon. Patients with bone-only metastases showed the longest mean survival time (35.87 months, p < 0.001), followed by patients with bone and lung metastases (30.74 months, p < 0.001). Patients with bone and liver metastases had the shortest mean survival time (17.39 months, p < 0.001). Age > 70 years, unmarried status, high tumor grade, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) > 50 ng/ml, and Gleason score ≥ 8 were associated with poor OS (all p < 0.01). Asian or Pacific Islander ethnic background was associated with a favorable OS (all p < 0.01). Chemotherapy improved OS in patients without brain metastases (all p < 0.05). For patients with bone-only metastases, radical prostatectomy (RP) (HR, 0.339; 95% CI 0.231-0.495; p < 0.001), brachytherapy (BT) (HR, 0.567; 95% CI 0.388-0.829; p = 0.003), and chemotherapy (HR, 0.850; 95% CI 0.781-0.924; p < 0.001) were associated with prolonged OS. CONCLUSIONS Age, race, tumor grade, PSA, Gleason score, sites of synchronous extra-skeletal metastases, as well as treatment modalities affected OS in newly diagnosed PCa patients with bone metastases. Synchronous liver metastases were associated with poor OS. Chemotherapy improved OS in patients without brain metastases. RP and BT improved OS in patients with bone-only metastases. Further investigation is warranted to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jili Wang
- Graduate School, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiqin Chen
- Graduate School, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Danni Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Sunyi Ye
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinke Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Ren
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Senxiang Yan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Shiota M. Editorial Comment to Validation and development of the CHAARTED criteria in patients with hormone-naïve metastatic prostate cancer: A multi-institutional retrospective study in Japan. Int J Urol 2019; 27:92. [PMID: 31646680 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shiota
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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33
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Paschalis A, Sheehan B, Riisnaes R, Rodrigues DN, Gurel B, Bertan C, Ferreira A, Lambros MBK, Seed G, Yuan W, Dolling D, Welti JC, Neeb A, Sumanasuriya S, Rescigno P, Bianchini D, Tunariu N, Carreira S, Sharp A, Oyen W, de Bono JS. Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen Heterogeneity and DNA Repair Defects in Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2019; 76:469-478. [PMID: 31345636 PMCID: PMC6853166 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA; folate hydrolase) prostate cancer (PC) expression has theranostic utility. OBJECTIVE To elucidate PC PSMA expression and associate this with defective DNA damage repair (DDR). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Membranous PSMA (mPSMA) expression was scored immunohistochemically from metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC) and matching, same-patient, diagnostic biopsies, and correlated with next-generation sequencing (NGS) and clinical outcome data. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Expression of mPSMA was quantitated by modified H-score. Patient DNA was tested by NGS. Gene expression and activity scores were determined from mCRPC transcriptomes. Statistical correlations utilised Wilcoxon signed rank tests, survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier test, and sample heterogeneity was quantified by Shannon's diversity index. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS Expression of mPSMA at diagnosis was associated with higher Gleason grade (p=0.04) and worse overall survival (p=0.006). Overall, mPSMA expression levels increased at mCRPC (median H-score [interquartile range]: castration-sensitive prostate cancer [CSPC] 17.5 [0.0-60.0] vs mCRPC 55.0 [2.8-117.5]). Surprisingly, 42% (n=16) of CSPC and 27% (n=16) of mCRPC tissues sampled had no detectable mPSMA (H-score <10). Marked intratumour heterogeneity of mPSMA expression, with foci containing no detectable PSMA, was observed in all mPSMA expressing CSPC (100%) and 37 (84%) mCRPC biopsies. Heterogeneous intrapatient mPSMA expression between metastases was also observed, with the lowest expression in liver metastases. Tumours with DDR had higher mPSMA expression (p=0.016; 87.5 [25.0-247.5] vs 20 [0.3-98.8]; difference in medians 60 [5.0-95.0]); validation cohort studies confirmed higher mPSMA expression in patients with deleterious aberrations in BRCA2 (p<0.001; median H-score: 300 [165-300]; difference in medians 195.0 [100.0-270.0]) and ATM (p=0.005; 212.5 [136.3-300]; difference in medians 140.0 [55.0-200]) than in molecularly unselected mCRPC biopsies (55.0 [2.75-117.5]). Validation studies using mCRPC transcriptomes corroborated these findings, also indicating that SOX2 high tumours have low PSMA expression. CONCLUSIONS Membranous PSMA expression is upregulated in some but not all PCs, with mPSMA expression demonstrating marked inter- and intrapatient heterogeneity. DDR aberrations are associated with higher mPSMA expression and merit further evaluation as predictive biomarkers of response for PSMA-targeted therapies in larger, prospective cohorts. PATIENT SUMMARY Through analysis of prostate cancer samples, we report that the presence of prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is extremely variable both within one patient and between different patients. This may limit the usefulness of PSMA scans and PSMA-targeted therapies. We show for the first time that prostate cancers with defective DNA repair produce more PSMA and so may respond better to PSMA-targeting treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Paschalis
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | | | | | | | - Bora Gurel
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | | | | | | | - George Seed
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Wei Yuan
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | | | - Jon C Welti
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Antje Neeb
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Semini Sumanasuriya
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Pasquale Rescigno
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK; Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, AOU Federico II, Naples, Italy; Department of Translational Medical Sciences, AOU Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Diletta Bianchini
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Nina Tunariu
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | | | - Adam Sharp
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK
| | - Wim Oyen
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK
| | - Johann S de Bono
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK; The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK.
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Tawadros F, Manthri S, Zayko M, Chakraborty K. Leptomeningeal involvement by prostate carcinoma an ominous head of a well-known Hydra. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/9/e230922. [PMID: 31527212 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-230922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A 67-year-old male patient presents to the hospital complaining of severe nausea and vomiting failing oral antiemetics. He carries the history of initial diagnosis of stage III prostate cancer. He underwent radical prostatectomy followed by external beam radiation. After 5 years of initial excellent control with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), imaging study showed retroperitoneal adenopathy denoting ADT failure. His prostate-specific antigen continued to rise while on enzalutamide and then abiraterone reflecting disease progression. He maintained excellent functional capacity through 23 cycles of docetaxel however he started developing hip pain after the last cycle with imaging studies suggesting new hip metastatic disease. Following the first cycle of radium-223, the patient presented with intractable nausea and vomiting. MRI showed a high suspicion of leptomeningeal spread which was confirmed through a meningeal biopsy after lumbar puncture showed negative results. The patient had excellent symptomatic response to high-dose dexamethasone. After receiving whole-brain radiation, the patient opted to be on best supportive care and succumbed to his illness 3 months later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fady Tawadros
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sukesh Manthri
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maria Zayko
- Department of Pathology, East Tennessee State University James H Quillen College of Medicine, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kanishka Chakraborty
- Division of Oncology/Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
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Srinivasan D, Senbanjo L, Majumdar S, Franklin RB, Chellaiah MA. Androgen receptor expression reduces stemness characteristics of prostate cancer cells (PC3) by repression of CD44 and SOX2. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:2413-2428. [PMID: 30206982 PMCID: PMC6411465 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that a subgroup of tumor cells possess stemness characteristics having self-renewal capacity and the ability to form new tumors. We sought to identify the plausible stemness factor that determines the "molecular signature" of prostate cancer (PCa) cells derived from different metastases (PC3, PCa2b, LNCaP, and DU145) and whether androgen receptor (AR) influences the maintenance of stemness features. Here we show sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 2 (SOX2) as a putative stem cell marker in PC3 PCa cells and not in DU145, PCa2b, or LNCaP cells. PCa2b and PC3 cells were derived from bone metastases. PCa2b cells which are positive for the AR failed to demonstrate the expression of either cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) or SOX2. Knockdown (KD) of AR in these cells did not affect the expression of either CD44 or SOX2. Conversely, PC3 cells, which are negative for AR, expressed both CD44 and SOX2. However, the expression of AR downregulated the expression of both CD44 and SOX2 in PC3 cells. CD44 regulates SOX2 expression as KD of CD44 and reduces SOX2 levels considerably. SOX2 KD attenuated not only the expression of SNAIL and SLUG but also the migration and tumorsphere formation in PC3 cells. Collectively, our findings underscore a novel role of CD44 signaling in the maintenance of stemness and progression of cancer through SOX2 in AR-independent PC3 cells. SOX2 has a role in the regulation of expression of SNAIL and SLUG. SOX2 could be a potential therapeutic target to thwart the progression of SOX2-positive cancer cells or recurrence of androgen-independent PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Srinivasan
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic SciencesUniversity of Maryland Dental SchoolBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Linda Senbanjo
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic SciencesUniversity of Maryland Dental SchoolBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Sunipa Majumdar
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic SciencesUniversity of Maryland Dental SchoolBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Renty B. Franklin
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic SciencesUniversity of Maryland Dental SchoolBaltimoreMaryland
| | - Meenakshi A. Chellaiah
- Department of Oncology and Diagnostic SciencesUniversity of Maryland Dental SchoolBaltimoreMaryland
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36
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van Leeuwen FWB, Winter A, van Der Poel HG, Eiber M, Suardi N, Graefen M, Wawroschek F, Maurer T. Technologies for image-guided surgery for managing lymphatic metastases in prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2019; 16:159-171. [DOI: 10.1038/s41585-018-0140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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37
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Guo Y, Mao S, Zhang A, Wang R, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Wang L, Zhang W, Wu Y, Ye L, Yang B, Yao X. Prognostic Significance of Young Age and Non-Bone Metastasis at Diagnosis in Patients with Metastatic Prostate Cancer: a SEER Population-Based Data Analysis. J Cancer 2019; 10:556-567. [PMID: 30719152 PMCID: PMC6360431 DOI: 10.7150/jca.29481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study compared the clinicopathological features and survival of metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) after stratification by age and non-bone-related metastasis to identify prognostic factors. Methods: Patients with mPCa between 2010 and 2015 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database and analyzed. The overall survival (OS) rate was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test as well as multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: Among the 10147 patients with mPCa, 5378 were classified as young (≤70 years), 3140 were classified as middle-aged (70-82 years), and 1629 were classified as elderly (> 82 years). The younger patients with a single site metastasis with non-regional lymph nodes (NRLN) had a better prognosis than those with bone metastasis [hazard ratio (HR), 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47-0.73, P < 0.001], whereas patients with liver metastasis had the worst OS rate (P = 0.001). Moreover, patients in the middle-aged group with NRLN or lung metastasis had a better prognosis than those with bone metastasis (P < 0.05). The OS rate of patient with bone + liver and bone + brain metastasis was poorer (P < 0.001) than those with bone + NRLN metastasis in the younger patients (P < 0.05). The elder patients with bone + lung metastasis had the worst OS (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.25-1.90, P < 0.001), although the death risk of patients with bone + brain and bone + NRLN metastasis not significantly different (P > 0.05). However, the OS of the patients with bone + liver metastasis remained the worst (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Prostate cancer patients with lung metastasis or younger patients (≤70 years old) with bone + lung metastases had better OS than patients with other types of metastasis or old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Guo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China
| | - Shiyu Mao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China
| | - Aihong Zhang
- Department of Medical Statistics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, P.R. China
| | - Ruiliang Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China
| | - Longsheng Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, P.R. China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Yao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, P.R. China
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Abstract
RATIONALE Prostate cancer often metastasizes (most commonly to the pelvic lymph nodes and axial skeleton); however, metastases to the pelvic cavity as a solitary mass are unusual. While metastatic prostate cancer is unconventional in pelvic cavity, cystic pelvic lesions are even more scarce. Accurate identification of cystic metastasis can be helpful in management of prostate cancer. PATIENT CONCERNS A 64-year-old male was admitted to our hospital due to urethral irritation symptom and dysuria. DIAGNOSIS In addition to prostate cancer, abdominal computed tomography (CT) scanning and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate revealed that a cystic mass was located at right pelvic cavity. Histopathological examination diagnosed the pelvic cystic mass as metastasis from prostatic cancer. Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated Calretinin (+), D2-40 (-), Ki-67 (10%+), Vimentin (-), CK-pan (+), CK5/6 (-), WT-1 (-), PSA (+), SALL4 (-), Villin (-), CK20 (-), CK7 (-), PAX-8 (-), and TTF-1 (-). INTERVENTIONS The cystic mass was removed. Primary cancer of the prostate was reserved as well. After discharge, the patient underwent in a two-year androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) treatment. OUTCOMES After 13 months of discharge, no disease progression was found in the patient. LESSONS Although cystic prostate cancer is rare, the occurrence possibility should be considered when cystic lesions are accompanied with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lirong Bi
- Department of Pathology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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39
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Hepatic Metastases From Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Without Elevated 18F-Choline Activity. Clin Nucl Med 2018; 43:780-781. [DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000002254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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40
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Staal J, Beyaert R. Inflammation and NF-κB Signaling in Prostate Cancer: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Cells 2018; 7:E122. [PMID: 30158439 PMCID: PMC6162478 DOI: 10.3390/cells7090122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a highly prevalent form of cancer that is usually slow-developing and benign. Due to its high prevalence, it is, however, still the second most common cause of death by cancer in men in the West. The higher prevalence of prostate cancer in the West might be due to elevated inflammation from metabolic syndrome or associated comorbidities. NF-κB activation and many other signals associated with inflammation are known to contribute to prostate cancer malignancy. Inflammatory signals have also been associated with the development of castration resistance and resistance against other androgen depletion strategies, which is a major therapeutic challenge. Here, we review the role of inflammation and its link with androgen signaling in prostate cancer. We further describe the role of NF-κB in prostate cancer cell survival and proliferation, major NF-κB signaling pathways in prostate cancer, and the crosstalk between NF-κB and androgen receptor signaling. Several NF-κB-induced risk factors in prostate cancer and their potential for therapeutic targeting in the clinic are described. A better understanding of the inflammatory mechanisms that control the development of prostate cancer and resistance to androgen-deprivation therapy will eventually lead to novel treatment options for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Staal
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rudi Beyaert
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Unit of Molecular Signal Transduction in Inflammation, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Malignant invasion of the central nervous system: the hidden face of a poorly understood outcome of prostate cancer. World J Urol 2018; 36:2009-2019. [PMID: 29980839 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2392-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignancies of the central nervous system include primary brain tumors and brain metastases, the latter being the major cause of intracranial neoplasms in adults. Although prostate cancer (PCa) brain metastases are not the most common source, recent data show that the relevance of prostate cancer brain metastases (PCBM) cannot be neglected. In this review, we focus on the molecular repertory as well as on the phenotypical similarities between PCBM and primary PCa, such as the cellular evolution and the maintenance of androgen-receptor expression. Moreover, the simultaneous occurrence of PCBM with other PCa metastatic sites and the significance of the clinical heterogeneity of the disease are also discussed. In addition, a potential relationship between the heterogeneous behavior exhibited by PCBM and the co-occurrence of malignant cell clusters with distinct genetic profiles is also hypothesized, as well as the prominent role of astrocytes in the establishment of PCBM.
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