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Leung D, Castellani D, Nicoletti R, Dilme RV, Sierra JM, Serni S, Franzese C, Chiacchio G, Galosi AB, Mazzucchelli R, Palagonia E, Dell'Oglio P, Galfano A, Bocciardi AM, Zhao X, Ng CF, Lee HY, Sakamoto S, Vasdev N, Rivas JG, Campi R, Teoh JYC. The Oncological and Functional Prognostic Value of Unconventional Histology of Prostate Cancer in Localized Disease Treated with Robotic Radical Prostatectomy: An International Multicenter 5-Year Cohort Study. Eur Urol Oncol 2024; 7:581-588. [PMID: 38185614 DOI: 10.1016/j.euo.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The impact of prostate cancer of unconventional histology (UH) on oncological and functional outcomes after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and adjuvant radiotherapy (aRT) receipt is unclear. We compared the impact of cribriform pattern (CP), ductal adenocarcinoma (DAC), and intraductal carcinoma (IDC) in comparison to pure adenocarcinoma (AC) on short- to mid-term oncological and functional results and receipt of aRT after RARP. METHODS We retrospectively collected data for a large international cohort of men with localized prostate cancer treated with RARP between 2016 and 2020. The primary outcomes were biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival, erectile and continence function. aRT receipt was a secondary outcome. Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression analyses were performed. KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS A total of 3935 patients were included. At median follow-up of 2.8 yr, the rates for BCR incidence (AC 10.7% vs IDC 17%; p < 0.001) and aRT receipt (AC 4.5% vs DAC 6.3% [p = 0.003] vs IDC 11.2% [p < 0.001]) were higher with UH. The 5-yr BCR-free survival rate was significantly poorer for UH groups, with hazard ratios of 1.67 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16-2.40; p = 0.005) for DAC, 5.22 (95% CI 3.41-8.01; p < 0.001) for IDC, and 3.45 (95% CI 2.29-5.20; p < 0.001) for CP in comparison to AC. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of UH doubled the risk of new-onset erectile dysfunction at 1 yr, in comparison to AC (grade group 1-3), with hazard ratios of 2.13 (p < 0.001) for DAC, 2.14 (p < 0.001) for IDC, and 2.01 (p = 0.011) for CP. Moreover, CP, but not IDC or DAC, was associated with a significantly higher risk of incontinence (odds ratio 1.97; p < 0.001). The study is limited by the lack of central histopathological review and relatively short follow-up. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS In a large cohort, UH presence was associated with worse short- to mid-term oncological outcomes after RARP. IDC independently predicted a higher rate of aRT receipt. At 1-yr follow-up after RP, patients with UH had three times higher risk of erectile dysfunction post RARP; CP was associated with a twofold higher incontinence rate. PATIENT SUMMARY Among patients with prostate cancer who undergo robot-assisted surgery to remove the prostate, those with less common types of prostate cancer have worse results for cancer control, erection, and urinary continence and a higher probability of receiving additional radiotherapy after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Leung
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniele Castellani
- Division of Urology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rossella Nicoletti
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Unit of Urological Robotic Surgery and Renal Transplantation, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | | | - Sergio Serni
- Unit of Urological Robotic Surgery and Renal Transplantation, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carmine Franzese
- Division of Urology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Chiacchio
- Division of Urology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Andrea Benedetto Galosi
- Division of Urology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Mazzucchelli
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, School of Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Erika Palagonia
- Urology Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Dell'Oglio
- Urology Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Galfano
- Urology Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chi Fai Ng
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Shinichi Sakamoto
- Department of Urology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nikhil Vasdev
- Department of Urology, Lister Hospital, East and North Herts NHS Trust, Stevenage, UK
| | - Juan Gomez Rivas
- Department of Urology, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Riccardo Campi
- Unit of Urological Robotic Surgery and Renal Transplantation, Careggi Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Jeremy Yuen-Chun Teoh
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Arroyo-Rojas Y, Rodriguez-Sanchez L, Colandrea G, Otaola Arca H, Lanz C, Barret E, Sanchez-Salas R, Macek P, Cathelineau X. The role of androgen deprivation therapy prior to radical prostatectomy in high-risk prostate cancer: a systematic review. Minerva Urol Nephrol 2024; 76:141-147. [PMID: 38742549 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6051.24.05630-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with high-risk prostate cancer (HRPCa) are prone to have worse pathological features, resulting in early biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP). There is an urgent need to develop novel treatment strategies for this group of patients to optimize their outcomes. The purpose of this study is to perform a systematic review of the role of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) followed by RP in HRPCa patients. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION We performed a systematic review of the following databases, MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and clinical Trial.gov; between January 2007 and August 2023, following the PRISMA guidelines. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS After screening and deduplication, we included ten studies from an initial pool of 1275. The risk of bias was low in observational studies but ranged from moderate to low in controlled trials. Five studies utilized traditional androgen deprivation treatments (ADT), revealing favorable pathological outcomes but inconsistency in evaluating oncological results. Additionally, four studies focused on RP combined with androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) in the NHT setting, all showing primarily positive pathological outcome, with no clear evidence of an oncological benefit. Limited long-term follow-up data and a shortage of randomized controlled trials were evident among all the studies included in this review, regardless of the type of hormonal treatment used. CONCLUSIONS Different hormonal treatments, including traditional ADT and ARPIs, yield positive pathology outcomes. Oncological evidence remains limited, echoing older findings predating ARPIs. Definitive conclusions require longer follow-ups and precise patient selection. Currently, insufficient evidence support ARPIs' superiority over conventional therapy before RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenny Arroyo-Rojas
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Torrecardenas, Almeria, Spain
- Department of Urology, Hospital Universitario Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Hugo Otaola Arca
- Department of Urology, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana, Desarrollo University, Santiago, Chile
| | - Camille Lanz
- Department of Urology, Montsouris Mutualiste Institute, Paris, France
| | - Eric Barret
- Department of Urology, Montsouris Mutualiste Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Petr Macek
- Department of Urology, Montsouris Mutualiste Institute, Paris, France
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Bernardino R, Sayyid RK, Al-Daqqaq Z, Tiwari R, Cockburn J, Vijayakanthan S, Qaoud Y, Berjaoui MB, Metser U, Berlin A, van der Kwast T, Fleshner NE. Lymphotropic Pattern of Prostate-specific Membrane Antigen-detected Metastases Among Biochemically Recurrent Radical Prostatectomy Patients with Cribriform Disease. Eur Urol Focus 2023; 9:1016-1023. [PMID: 37268513 DOI: 10.1016/j.euf.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cribriform morphology portends worse oncologic outcomes, and has unique cellular intrinsic pathway alterations and tumor microenvironments that may impact metastatic spread patterns. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the presence of cribriform morphology in prostatectomy specimens of patients with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy (RP) is associated with the presence of metastasis on prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and a distinct pattern of spread. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A cross-sectional analysis was conducted of all prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence after RP undergoing 18F-DCFPyL-PET/CT between December 2018 and February 2021 at the Princess Margaret Cancer Centre. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Outcomes were presence of any metastasis in the overall cohort and lymphatic versus bone/visceral metastases among patients with metastatic disease. The associations between the presence of intraductal (IDC) and/or invasive cribriform (ICC) carcinoma on the RP specimen and study outcomes were evaluated using logistic regression analyses. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS The cohort included 176 patients. IDC and ICC were observed in 77 (43.8%) and 80 (45.5%) RP specimens, respectively. The median time from RP to PSMA-PET/CT was 5.0 yr. The median serum prostate-specific antigen level at PSMA-PET/CT was 1.12 ng/ml. Overall, metastasis was observed in 77 patients, of whom 58 were had lymphatic-only metastasis. On a multivariable analysis, presence of IDC on RP was associated with increased odds of overall metastasis (odds ratio [OR]: 2.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07-4.45; p = 0.033). Presence of ICC on RP was associated with significantly increased odds of lymphatic versus bone/visceral metastases (OR: 3.13; 95% CI: 1.09-21.7; p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS Presence of cribriform morphology on RP specimens of patients with biochemical failure after RP is associated with increased odds of PSMA-PET/CT-detected metastases with a lymphatic predominant pattern of spread. These findings have implications for the design and evaluation of post-RP salvage therapies. PATIENT SUMMARY We found that microscopic cribriform appearance correlates with disease spread on imaging in prostate cancer patients with recurrence and has a predilection for spread to lymph nodes, as opposed to bone or visceral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Bernardino
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Rashid K Sayyid
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zizo Al-Daqqaq
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raj Tiwari
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jessica Cockburn
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Yazan Qaoud
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mohamad Baker Berjaoui
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ur Metser
- Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alejandro Berlin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Theodorus van der Kwast
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Neil E Fleshner
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Toronto, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Sun Q, Yang YZ, Yang P, Li YH, Cao Y, Chen D, Zhang Y. Nomogram for predicting the biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy. Int Urol Nephrol 2023; 55:2215-2224. [PMID: 37306931 PMCID: PMC10406657 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-023-03658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A predictive model for biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer (PCa) after neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (nADT) has not been established. This study was aimed at determining multiparameter variables that could be used to construct a nomogram to predict the post-nADT BCR of PCa. METHODS Overall, 43 radical prostatectomy specimens from PCa patients who had undergone nADT were collected. Multiparameter variables were analyzed by univariate and then multivariate logistic analyses to identify the independent prognostic factors for predicting BCR. The predictive model was established using Lasso regression analysis. RESULTS Univariate logistic analysis revealed six variables, pathology stage; margins; categorization as group A, B, or C; nucleolus grading; percentage of tumor involvement (PTI); and PTEN status were significantly associated with the BCR of PCa (all p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis suggested that categorization as group C, severe nucleolus grading, PTI less than or equal to 5%, and PTEN loss were positively correlated with BCR (all p < 0.05). A nomogram comprising the four variables predicting BCR was constructed, and it exhibited good discrimination (AUC: 0.985; specificity: 86.2%; sensitivity: 100%). Calibration plots for the probability of freedom from BCR at 1 and 2 years showed a good match between the prediction by the nomogram. CONCLUSIONS We constructed and validated a nomogram to predict the risk of BCR in PCa patients after nADT. This nomogram is a complement to the existing risk stratification systems for PCa, which could have marked implications for clinical decision-making for PCa patients after nADT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuan-Zhong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yong-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Dong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- Department of Urology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
| | - Yijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, No. 651, Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China.
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Fan J, Liang H, Gu Y, Jiang Z, Jiang F, Wang Y, He D, Wu K. Predictive factors associated with differential pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy in high-risk localized prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2023:S1078-1439(23)00163-1. [PMID: 37295981 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the clinical parameters and molecular biomarkers that can predict differential pathologic response to neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy (NCHT) in prostate cancer (CaP). METHODS A total of 128 patients with primary high-risk localized CaP who had received NCHT followed by radical prostatectomy (RP) were included. Androgen receptor (AR), AR splice variant-7 (AR-V7) and Ki-67 staining were evaluated in prostate biopsy specimens by immunohistochemistry. The pathologic response to NCHT in whole mount RP specimens was measured based on the reduction degree of tumor volume and cellularity compared to the paired pretreatment needle biopsy, and divided into 5 tier grades (Grades 0-4). Patients with Grades 2 to 4 (the reduction degree more than 30%) were defined as having a favorable response. Logistic regression was performed to explore the predictive factors associated with a favorable pathologic response. The predictive accuracy was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC). RESULTS Ninety-seven patients (75.78%) had a favorable response to NCHT. Logistic regression showed that the preoperative PSA level, low AR expression and high Ki-67 expression in biopsy specimens were associated with a favorable pathologic response (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the AUC of the preoperative PSA level, AR and Ki-67 were 0.625, 0.624 and 0.723, respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed that the rate of favorable pathologic response to NCHT was 88.5% in patients with ARlowKi-67high, which was higher than patients with ARlowKi-67low, ARhighKi-67low, and ARhighKi-67high (88.5% vs. 73.9%, 72.9%, and 70.9%, all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A lower preoperative PSA level was an independent predictive factor for a favorable pathologic response. Moreover, the expression status of AR and Ki-67 in biopsy specimens were associated with differential pathologic response to NCHT, and AR low/Ki-67 high was also associated with favorable response but warrants further evaluation in this patient subgroup and future trial clinical trial design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Fan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China; Department of Urology, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, P.R. China
| | - Hua Liang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yanan Gu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Zhangdong Jiang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Department of Urology, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, P.R. China
| | - Dalin He
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Kaijie Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China.
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Emerging RNA-Based Therapeutic and Diagnostic Options: Recent Advances and Future Challenges in Genitourinary Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054601. [PMID: 36902032 PMCID: PMC10003365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma, bladder cancer, and prostate cancer are the most widespread genitourinary tumors. Their treatment and diagnosis have significantly evolved over recent years, due to an increasing understanding of oncogenic factors and the molecular mechanisms involved. Using sophisticated genome sequencing technologies, the non-coding RNAs, such as microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs, have all been implicated in the occurrence and progression of genitourinary cancers. Interestingly, DNA, protein, and RNA interactions with lncRNAs and other biological macromolecules drive some of these cancer phenotypes. Studies on the molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs have identified new functional markers that could be potentially useful as biomarkers for effective diagnosis and/or as targets for therapeutic intervention. This review focuses on the mechanisms underlying abnormal lncRNA expression in genitourinary tumors and discusses their role in diagnostics, prognosis, and treatment.
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Guo H, Zhao J, Li X, Sun F, Qin Y, Yang X, Xiong X, Yin Q, Wang X, Gao L, Jiao M, Hu J, Han B. Identification of miR-1-3p, miR-143-3p and miR-145-5p association with bone metastasis of Gleason 3+4 prostate cancer and involvement of LASP1 regulation. Mol Cell Probes 2023; 68:101901. [PMID: 36791996 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2023.101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Gleason Score (GS) 3 + 4 prostate cancer (PCa) is heterogeneous in clinical course and molecular features. Risk stratification of indolent and aggressive PCa with GS 3 + 4 is critical, especially those with bone metastasis (BM) potential. Microarray-based microRNA(miRNA) profiling with eight PCa cases with or without BM was used to screen the candidate miRNAs associated with BM. Transwell and MTS assays were used to characterize the function of miRNAs and target gene LASP1. RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry assays were utilized to illustrate the clinical significance of miRNAs and target gene in a cohort of 309 Chinese PCa cases. In the current study, we identified that miR-1-3p, miR-143-3p and miR-145-5p are associated with BM of GS 3 + 4 PCa. Through functional experiments, we show that miR-1-3p/143-3p/145-5p promotes proliferation and migration of PCa in vitro. LASP1 was predicted as the common target of these three miRNAs which was further confirmed by a luciferase assay. Overexpression of LASP1 was correlated with higher GS, higher pathological stage, and the presence of metastasis by immunohistochemistry. siRNA knockdown of LASP1 significantly suppressed proliferation and migration, whereas overexpression of LASP1 promoted it. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the involvement of Wnt signaling pathway in LASP1 mediated function. LASP1 may activate Wnt signaling by interacting with β-catenin. In all, we suggest that miR-1-3p/143-3p/145-5p are associated with BM of Gleason 3 + 4 PCa. LASP1 is the common target of these miRNAs and may active Wnt signaling by interacting with β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; Department of Pathology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Jinlong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Xinjun Li
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, 256610, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yiming Qin
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, 250014, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaorong Yang
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xueting Xiong
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qianshuo Yin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou City Central Hospital, Binzhou, 256603, China
| | - Lin Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Meng Jiao
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China; Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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Wang X, Han B, Dou B, Gao L, Sun F, Qi M, Zhang J, Hu J. A trio of tumor suppressor miRNA downregulates CREB5 dependent transcription to modulate neoadjuvant hormonal therapy sensitivity. Neoplasia 2023; 36:100875. [PMID: 36603462 PMCID: PMC9826888 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) prior to radical prostatectomy (RP) is an approach that can potentially maximize survival outcomes in prostate cancer (PCa) patients with high-risk disease. Unfortunately, subsets of patients do not respond well to such hormonal therapy. We previously identified several pathological parameters in predicting differences in response to NHT of PCa. However, little is known about the potential role and mechanism of miRNAs mediated NHT resistance (NHT-R) in PCa. Here we demonstrate that miR-l42-3p, miR-150-5p and miR-342-3p are the top downregulated miRNAs in PCa tissues with NHT-R. Functional analysis reveals that the three miRNAs inhibit cell proliferation in vitro. Transfection of miRNAs mimics strengthens the inhibitory effects of bicalutamide and enzalutamide to PCa cells. Luciferase reporter assay reveals that CREB5 is the common target of these three miRNAs. Clinically, high expression level of CREB5 correlates with high Gleason score, advanced tumor stage and NHT-R in PCa tissues. CREB5 expression promotes antiandrogen therapy resistance in LNCaP cells and IL6 signaling pathway may be involved in this process. In all, our findings highlight an important role of miR-142-3p, miR-150-5p, and miR-342-3p in contributing NHT-R by targeting CREB5 in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Wang
- Department of Pathology, Binzhou City Central Hospital, Binzhou 251700, China; The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Bo Han
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Baokai Dou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Lin Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Feifei Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology, Ministry of Education and Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Mei Qi
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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9
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Baraban E, Ding CKC, White M, Vohra P, Simko J, Boyle K, Guo C, Zhang M, Dobs A, Ketheeswaran S, Liang F, Epstein JI. Prostate Cancer in Male-to-Female Transgender Individuals: Histopathologic Findings and Association With Gender-affirming Hormonal Therapy. Am J Surg Pathol 2022; 46:1650-1658. [PMID: 36006769 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000001964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Male-to-female (MtF) transgender individuals are at risk for prostate cancer, although guidelines for screening and management in this population are not well established. We describe a series of 9 MtF transgender patients who underwent prostate tissue sampling and highlight histopathologic features and challenges related to pathologic interpretation of prostate tissue in this patient population. Seven of 9 total patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer and all had elevated prostate-specific antigen at the time of diagnosis. Three of the 7 patients diagnosed with prostate cancer had received different types of hormone therapy for gender affirmation before the diagnosis of prostate cancer, and in all 3 of these patients, there was histologic evidence of hormone therapy effect in both benign prostate tissue and/or the adenocarcinoma. The 2 patients with benign prostate tissue underwent transurethral resection for lower urinary tract symptoms and were previously on hormone therapy for gender affirmation. Both of these specimens showed diffuse glandular atrophy and basal cell hyperplasia, indicative of hormone therapy effect on benign prostatic tissue. In the patients diagnosed with prostate cancer, a spectrum of grades was observed, ranging from Grade Group 1 to Grade Group 5. Four patients underwent radical prostatectomy, with 2 cases showing extraprostatic extension and Grade Group 5 prostatic adenocarcinoma, and 2 showing Grade Group 2 prostatic adenocarcinoma. Three of the 4 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy had received gender-affirming hormone therapy before surgery, and all 3 of these specimens showed hormone therapy effect in non-neoplastic prostate tissue and focal hormone therapy effect in prostatic adenocarcinoma. The presence of areas of viable carcinoma without hormone therapy effect enabled the assignment of a Gleason score and Grade Group in these 3 cases. Hormone therapy administered for gender identity affirmation induces histopathologic changes to both benign prostate tissue (nonkeratinizing squamous metaplasia, diffuse atrophy, basal cell hyperplasia, and stromal dominance with decreased numbers of glands) and prostatic adenocarcinoma (nuclear pyknosis, atrophy, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and architectural patterns that would qualify for Gleason 4 and 5 in the absence of hormone therapy effect) that have been traditionally seen in cis-male prostate cancer patients receiving hormone therapy. In the absence of hormone therapy, the morphology of prostatic adenocarcinoma in transgender patients shows classic morphologic features similar to those seen in cis-male patients not on hormone therapy. Prostate cancer with hormone therapy effect may not only be histologically quite subtle and may be overlooked if not suspected, but also should not be assigned a Gleason score because the Gleason score would substantially overstate its biologic potential. Therefore, similar to cis-male patients who have received androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer, transgender patients on hormone therapy for gender affirmation may be at risk for both underrecognition and over-grading of prostate cancer, particularly if the pathologist is not aware of the clinical history.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chien-Kuang C Ding
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Poonam Vohra
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jeffry Simko
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Charles Guo
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Fan Liang
- Plastic Surgery, Johns Hopkins Hospital
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10
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Neoadjuvant Hormonal Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Morphologic Features and Predictive Parameters of Therapy Response. Adv Anat Pathol 2022; 29:252-258. [PMID: 35670702 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The primary goals of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) in prostate cancer (PCa) are to reduce the size of the tumor, lower positive surgical margin rate, attempt to reach pathologic remission, and improve survival. Although NHT has not been recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network as a primary treatment option for patients with localized PCa, NHT is increasingly used in clinical trials for locally advanced PCa. More importantly, with the development of novel androgen signaling inhibitors, such as abiraterone and enzalutamide, there has been renewed interests in revisiting the role of such treatment in the neoadjuvant setting. Following NHT, the PCa tissues shows characteristic morphologic alterations. Of note, the collapse of malignant glands most likely leads to an artificial increase of Gleason score in the residual disease. Communicating these changes to the clinician in a way that can help assess the tumor's response poses a challenge for pathologists. In addition, little is known of morphologic features and predictive makers both in pretreated and posttreated specimens that can be of value in predicting tumor response to NHT. In the current review, we summarize the morphologic changes associated with neoadjuvant-treated PCa, focusing on the predictive value of pathologic parameters to therapy response. We also describe the evaluation system in the stratification of pathologic response to NHT in PCa management.
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11
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Dong X, Xue H, Mo F, Lin YY, Lin D, Wong NK, Sun Y, Wilkinson S, Ku AT, Hao J, Ci X, Wu R, Haegert A, Silver R, Taplin ME, Balk SP, Alumkal JJ, Sowalsky AG, Gleave M, Collins C, Wang Y. Modeling Androgen Deprivation Therapy-Induced Prostate Cancer Dormancy and Its Clinical Implications. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:782-793. [PMID: 35082166 PMCID: PMC9234014 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment-induced tumor dormancy is a state in cancer progression where residual disease is present but remains asymptomatic. Dormant cancer cells are treatment-resistant and responsible for cancer recurrence and metastasis. Prostate cancer treated with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) often enters a dormant state. ADT-induced prostate cancer dormancy remains poorly understood due to the challenge in acquiring clinical dormant prostate cancer cells and the lack of representative models. In this study, we aimed to develop clinically relevant models for studying ADT-induced prostate cancer dormancy. Dormant prostate cancer models were established by castrating mice bearing patient-derived xenografts (PDX) of hormonal naïve or sensitive prostate cancer. Dormancy status and tumor relapse were monitored and evaluated. Paired pre- and postcastration (dormant) PDX tissues were subjected to morphologic and transcriptome profiling analyses. As a result, we established eleven ADT-induced dormant prostate cancer models that closely mimicked the clinical courses of ADT-treated prostate cancer. We identified two ADT-induced dormancy subtypes that differed in morphology, gene expression, and relapse rates. We discovered transcriptomic differences in precastration PDXs that predisposed the dormancy response to ADT. We further developed a dormancy subtype-based, predisposed gene signature that was significantly associated with ADT response in hormonal naïve prostate cancer and clinical outcome in castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with ADT or androgen-receptor pathway inhibitors. IMPLICATIONS We have established highly clinically relevant PDXs of ADT-induced dormant prostate cancer and identified two dormancy subtypes, leading to the development of a novel predicative gene signature that allows robust risk stratification of patients with prostate cancer to ADT or androgen-receptor pathway inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dong
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fan Mo
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zheijiang, China
- Hangzhou AI-Force Therapeutics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yen-yi Lin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nelson K.Y. Wong
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yingqiang Sun
- Hangzhou AI-Force Therapeutics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Scott Wilkinson
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anson T. Ku
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jun Hao
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xinpei Ci
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rebecca Wu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne Haegert
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rebecca Silver
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary-Ellen Taplin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven P. Balk
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joshi J. Alumkal
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Adam G. Sowalsky
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Martin Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colin Collins
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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Hu CY, Wu KY, Lin TY, Chen CC. The Crosstalk of Long Non-Coding RNA and MicroRNA in Castration-Resistant and Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer: Their Interaction and Clinical Importance. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010392. [PMID: 35008817 PMCID: PMC8745162 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is featured by its heterogeneous nature, which indicates a different prognosis. Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a hallmark of the treatment-refractory stage, and the median survival of patients is only within two years. Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is an aggressive variant that arises from de novo presentation of small cell carcinoma or treatment-related transformation with a median survival of 1–2 years from the time of diagnosis. The epigenetic regulators, such as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), have been proven involved in multiple pathologic mechanisms of CRPC and NEPC. LncRNAs can act as competing endogenous RNAs to sponge miRNAs that would inhibit the expression of their targets. After that, miRNAs interact with the 3’ untranslated region (UTR) of target mRNAs to repress the step of translation. These interactions may modulate gene expression and influence cancer development and progression. Otherwise, epigenetic regulators and genetic mutation also promote neuroendocrine differentiation and cancer stem-like cell formation. This step may induce neuroendocrine prostate cancer development. This review aims to provide an integrated, synthesized overview under current evidence to elucidate the crosstalk of lncRNAs with miRNAs and their influence on castration resistance or neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer. Notably, we also discuss the mechanisms of lncRNA–miRNA interaction in androgen receptor-independent prostate cancer, such as growth factors, oncogenic signaling pathways, cell cycle dysregulation, and cytokines or other transmembrane proteins. Conclusively, we underscore the potential of these communications as potential therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Yuan Hu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
| | - Kuan-Yu Wu
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
| | - Tsung-Yen Lin
- Department of Urology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Dou-Liou Branch, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Yunlin 640, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-Y.L.); (C.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-6235-3535 (ext. 5251) (T.-Y.L.); +886-5276-5041 (ext. 7521) (C.-C.C.)
| | - Chien-Chin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi 600, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-Y.L.); (C.-C.C.); Tel.: +886-6235-3535 (ext. 5251) (T.-Y.L.); +886-5276-5041 (ext. 7521) (C.-C.C.)
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13
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Pechlivanis M, Campbell BK, Hovens CM, Corcoran NM. Biomarkers of Response to Neoadjuvant Androgen Deprivation in Localised Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010166. [PMID: 35008330 PMCID: PMC8750084 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. Attempts to improve patient outcomes include trials of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy for patients with high-risk disease. Neoadjuvant treatment refers to androgen deprivation therapy that is administered prior to surgery (or radiation therapy). Patients typically respond well to this treatment regimen, showing a decrease in tumour size, but a significant proportion of patients eventually relapse and progress to metastatic disease. The mechanisms driving this resistance to neoadjuvant treatment are currently unknown. This review explores theories of resistance broadly, and their possible applications in the prostate cancer setting. Additionally, this review draws comparisons between breakthrough resistance and neoadjuvant resistance, and lastly investigates the current biomarkers for treatment sensitivity. Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is a hormone driven cancer, characterised by defects in androgen receptor signalling which drive the disease process. As such, androgen targeted therapies have been the mainstay for PCa treatment for over 70 years. High-risk PCa presents unique therapeutic challenges, namely in minimising the primary tumour, and eliminating any undetected micro metastases. Trials of neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy aim to address these challenges. Patients typically respond well to neoadjuvant treatment, showing regression of the primary tumour and negative surgical margins at the time of resection, however the majority of patients relapse and progress to metastatic disease. The mechanisms affording this resistance are largely unknown. This commentary attempts to explore theories of resistance more broadly, namely, clonal evolution, cancer stem cells, cell persistence, and drug tolerance. Moreover, it aims to explore the application of these theories in the PCa setting. This commentary also highlights the distinction between castration resistant PCa, and neoadjuvant resistant disease, and identifies the markers and characteristics of neoadjuvant resistant disease presented by current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maree Pechlivanis
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (B.K.C.); (C.M.H.); (N.M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-3-9342-7294; Fax: +61-3-9342-8928
| | - Bethany K. Campbell
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (B.K.C.); (C.M.H.); (N.M.C.)
| | - Christopher M. Hovens
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (B.K.C.); (C.M.H.); (N.M.C.)
| | - Niall M. Corcoran
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia; (B.K.C.); (C.M.H.); (N.M.C.)
- Department of Urology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
- Department of Urology, Western Health, Footscray, VIC 3011, Australia
- Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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14
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Matsuda T, Miyata Y, Nakamura Y, Otsubo A, Mukae Y, Harada J, Mitsunari K, Matsuo T, Ohba K, Furusato B, Sakai H. Pathological significance and prognostic role of LATS2 in prostate cancer. Prostate 2021; 81:1252-1260. [PMID: 34492128 PMCID: PMC9290072 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) is an important regulator of the Hippo pathway and it plays crucial roles in cell survival and behaviors. Herein, we evaluated the pathological roles of LATS2 in prostate cancer (PC), for which very little information is available. METHODS Cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in response to the siRNA-mediated knockdown (KD) LATS2 expression were evaluated in two PC cell lines (LNCaP and PC3). The expression of LATS2 in specimens from 204 PC patients was investigated immunohistochemically, and the relationships between its expression and clinicopathological features, proliferation index (PI; measured using an anti-KI-67 antibody), and biochemical recurrence (BCR) were investigated. RESULTS KD of LATS2 increased the growth, migration, and invasion in LNCaP cells and only increased migration in PC3 cells. The expression of LATS2 was negatively associated with the grade group, T, N, M stage, and PI. In addition, the expression of LATS2 was a useful predictor of the histological effects of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy and BCR-free survival periods. A multivariate analysis model including clinicopathological features showed that negative expression of LATS2 had a significantly higher risk of BCR (odds ratio = 2.95, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS LATS2 acts as a tumor suppressor in PC. LATS2 expression is a useful predictor for BCR. LATS2-related activities are possibly dependent on the androgen-dependency of PC cells. Therefore, we suggest that LATS2 could be a potential therapeutic target and a useful predictor for outcome in patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Matsuda
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Yasuyoshi Miyata
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Yuichiro Nakamura
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Asato Otsubo
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Yuta Mukae
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Junki Harada
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Kensuke Mitsunari
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Tomohiro Matsuo
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Kojiro Ohba
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
| | - Bungo Furusato
- Department of pathologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical ScienecesNagasakiJapan
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Department of UrologyNagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical SciencesNagasakiJapan
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15
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Lawrence MG, Porter LH, Clouston D, Murphy DG, Frydenberg M, Taylor RA, Risbridger GP. Knowing what's growing: Why ductal and intraductal prostate cancer matter. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/533/eaaz0152. [PMID: 32132214 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz0152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a common malignancy, but only some tumors are lethal. Accurately identifying these tumors will improve clinical practice and instruct research. Aggressive cancers often have distinctive pathologies, including intraductal carcinoma of the prostate (IDC-P) and ductal adenocarcinoma. Here, we review the importance of these pathologies because they are often overlooked, especially in genomics and preclinical testing. Pathology, genomics, and patient-derived models show that IDC-P and ductal adenocarcinoma accompany multiple markers of poor prognosis. Consequently, "knowing what is growing" will help translate preclinical research to pinpoint and treat high-risk prostate cancer in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell G Lawrence
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Laura H Porter
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Declan G Murphy
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.,Division of Cancer Surgery, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.,Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Mark Frydenberg
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia.,Australian Urology Associates, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.,Department of Urology, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC 3144, Australia
| | - Renea A Taylor
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.,Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Gail P Risbridger
- Monash Partners Comprehensive Cancer Consortium, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute Cancer Program, Prostate Cancer Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia. .,Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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16
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Hesterberg AB, Gordetsky JB, Hurley PJ. Cribriform Prostate Cancer: Clinical Pathologic and Molecular Considerations. Urology 2021; 155:47-54. [PMID: 34058243 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Intraductal cribriform (IDC) and invasive cribriform morphologies are associated with worse prostate cancer outcomes. Limited retrospective studies have associated IDC and cribriform morphology with germline mutations in DNA repair genes, particularly BRCA2. These findings, which prompted the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines for Prostate Cancer and Genetic/Familial High- Risk Assessment to consider germline testing for individuals with IDC/cribriform histology, have been questioned in a recent prospective study. A deepened understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving disease aggressiveness in cribriform morphology is critical to provide more clarity in clinical decision making. This review summarizes the current understanding of IDC and cribriform prostate cancer, with an emphasis on clinical outcomes and molecular alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer B Gordetsky
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Paula J Hurley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN.
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17
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Ranasinghe W, Shapiro DD, Zhang M, Bathala T, Navone N, Thompson TC, Broom B, Aparicio A, Tu SM, Tang C, Davis JW, Pisters L, Chapin BF. Optimizing the diagnosis and management of ductal prostate cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:337-358. [PMID: 33824525 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00447-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ductal adenocarcinoma (DAC) is the most common variant histological subtype of prostate carcinoma and has an aggressive clinical course. DAC is usually characterized and treated as high-risk prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma (PAC). However, DAC has a different biology to that of acinar disease, which often poses a challenge for both diagnosis and management. DAC can be difficult to identify using conventional diagnostic modalities such as serum PSA levels and multiparametric MRI, and the optimal management for localized DAC is unknown owing to the rarity of the disease. Following definitive therapy for localized disease with radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy, the majority of DACs recur with visceral metastases at low PSA levels. Various systemic therapies that have been shown to be effective in high-risk PAC have limited use in treating DAC. Although current understanding of the biology of DAC is limited, genomic analyses have provided insights into the pathology behind its aggressive behaviour and potential future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weranja Ranasinghe
- Department of Urology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Daniel D Shapiro
- Department of Urology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tharakeswara Bathala
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nora Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Timothy C Thompson
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bradley Broom
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ana Aparicio
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shi-Ming Tu
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chad Tang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John W Davis
- Department of Urology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Louis Pisters
- Department of Urology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian F Chapin
- Department of Urology, University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Ductal Prostate Cancers Demonstrate Poor Outcomes with Conventional Therapies. Eur Urol 2020; 79:298-306. [PMID: 33279304 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ductal prostate adenocarcinoma (DAC) is a rare, aggressive, histologic variant of prostate cancer that is treated with conventional therapies, similar to high-risk prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC). OBJECTIVE To assess the outcomes of men undergoing definitive therapy for DAC or high-risk PAC and to explore the effects of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in improving the outcomes of DAC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A single-center retrospective review of all patients with cT1-4/N0-1 DAC from 2005 to 2018 was performed. Those undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy (RTx) for DAC were compared with cohorts of high-risk PAC patients. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Metastasis-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression models. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS A total of 228 men with DAC were identified; 163 underwent RP, 34 underwent RTx, and 31 had neoadjuvant therapy prior to RP. In this study, 163 DAC patients and 155 PAC patients undergoing RP were compared. Similarly, 34 DAC patients and 74 PAC patients undergoing RTx were compared. DAC patients undergoing RP or RTx had worse 5-yr MFS (75% vs 95% and 62% vs 93%, respectively, p < 0.001) and 5-yr OS (88% vs 97% and 82% vs 100%, respectively, p < 0.05) compared with PAC patients. In the 76 men who received adjuvant/salvage ADT after RP, DAC also had worse MFS and OS than PAC (p < 0.01). A genomic analysis revealed that 10/11 (91%) DACs treated with ADT had intrinsic upregulation of androgen-resistant pathways. Further, none of the DAC patients (0/15) who received only neoadjuvant ADT prior to RP had any pathologic downgrading. The retrospective nature was a limitation. CONCLUSIONS Men undergoing RP or RTx for DAC had worse outcomes than PAC patients, regardless of the treatment modality. Upregulation of several intrinsic resistance pathways in DAC rendered ADT less effective. Further evaluation of the underlying biology of DAC with clinical trials is needed. PATIENT SUMMARY This study demonstrated worse outcomes among patients with ductal adenocarcinoma of the prostate than among high-grade prostate adenocarcinoma patients, regardless of the treatment modality.
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da Silva FC, Algaba F. Re: Report from the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consultation Conference on Molecular Pathology of Urogenital Cancers. I. Molecular Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2020; 79:318-319. [PMID: 33218825 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ferran Algaba
- Section of Pathology, Fundació Puigvert, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Vellky JE, Ricke WA. Development and prevalence of castration-resistant prostate cancer subtypes. Neoplasia 2020; 22:566-575. [PMID: 32980775 PMCID: PMC7522286 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) occurs when prostate cancer (CaP) progresses under therapy-induced castrate conditions. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this acquired resistance, many of which are driven by androgen receptor (AR). Recent findings, however, sub-classified CRPC by downregulation/absence of AR in certain subtypes that consequently do not respond to anti-androgen therapies. To highlight the significance of CRPC sub-classification, we reviewed the development and treatment of CRPC, AR downregulation in CRPC, and summarized recent reports on the prevalence of CRPC subtypes. METHODS Using a medline-based literature search, we reviewed mechanisms of CRPC development, current treatment schemes, and assessed the prevalence of AR low/negative subtypes of CRPC. Additionally, we performed immunohistochemical staining on human CRPC specimens to quantify AR expression across CRPC subtypes. RESULTS In the majority of cases, CRPC continues to rely on AR signaling, which can be augmented in castrate-conditions through a variety of mechanisms. However, recently low/negative AR expression patterns were identified in a significant proportion of patient samples from a multitude of independent studies. In these AR low/negative cases, we postulated that AR protein may be downregulated by (1) promoter methylation, (2) transcriptional regulation, (3) post-transcriptional regulation by microRNA or RNA-binding-proteins, or (4) post-translational ubiquitination-mediated degradation. CONCLUSIONS Here, we discussed mechanisms of CRPC development and summarized the overall prevalence of CRPC subtypes; interestingly, AR low/negative CRPC represented a considerable proportion of diagnoses. Because these subtypes cannot be effectively treated with AR-targeted therapeutics, a better understanding of AR low/negative subtypes could lead to better treatment strategies and increased survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Vellky
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA; Cancer Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin Institute for Medical Research, 1111 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - William A Ricke
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA; Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA; George M. O'Brien Research Center of Excellence, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Ave., Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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