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Yin J, Daryanani A, Lu F, Ku AT, Bright JR, Alilin ANS, Bowman J, Lake R, Li C, Truong TM, Twohig JD, Mostaghel EA, Ishikawa M, Simpson M, Trostel SY, Corey E, Sowalsky AG, Kelly K. Reproducible preclinical models of androgen receptor driven human prostate cancer bone metastasis. Prostate 2024. [PMID: 38708958 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical models recapitulating the metastatic phenotypes are essential for developing the next-generation therapies for metastatic prostate cancer (mPC). We aimed to establish a cohort of clinically relevant mPC models, particularly androgen receptor positive (AR+) bone metastasis models, from LuCaP patient-derived xenografts (PDX) that reflect the heterogeneity and complexity of mPC. METHODS PDX tumors were dissociated into single cells, modified to express luciferase, and were inoculated into NSG mice via intracardiac injection. The progression of metastases was monitored by bioluminescent imaging. Histological phenotypes of metastases were characterized by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining. Castration responses were further investigated in two AR-positive models. RESULTS Our PDX-derived metastasis (PDM) model collection comprises three AR+ adenocarcinomas (ARPC) and one AR- neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEPC). All ARPC models developed bone metastases with either an osteoblastic, osteolytic, or mixed phenotype, while the NEPC model mainly developed brain metastasis. Different mechanisms of castration resistance were observed in two AR+ PDM models with distinct genotypes, such as combined loss of TP53 and RB1 in one model and expression of AR splice variant 7 (AR-V7) expression in another model. Intriguingly, the castration-resistant tumors displayed inter- and intra-tumor as well as organ-specific heterogeneity in lineage specification. CONCLUSION Genetically diverse PDM models provide a clinically relevant system for biomarker identification and personalized medicine in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- JuanJuan Yin
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Asha Daryanani
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Fan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Anson T Ku
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John R Bright
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aian Neil S Alilin
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joel Bowman
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ross Lake
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chennan Li
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tri M Truong
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph D Twohig
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elahe A Mostaghel
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mark Simpson
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shana Y Trostel
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Eva Corey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Adam G Sowalsky
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kathleen Kelly
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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2
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Beshiri ML, Capaldo BJ, Lake R, Ku AT, Burner D, Tice CM, Tran C, Kostas J, Alilin AN, Yin JJ, Agarwal S, Morris SA, Karzai FH, Lotan TL, Dahut WL, Sowalsky AG, Kelly K. Stem cell dynamics and cellular heterogeneity across lineage subtypes of castrate resistant prostate cancer. Stem Cells 2024:sxae025. [PMID: 38563224 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxae025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
To resist lineage-dependent therapies such as androgen receptor inhibition, prostate luminal epithelial adenocarcinoma cells often adopt a stem-like state resulting in lineage-plasticity and phenotypic heterogeneity. Castrate resistant prostate adenocarcinoma can transition to neuroendocrine and occasionally to amphicrine, co-expressed luminal and neuroendocrine, phenotypes. We developed CRPC patient-derived organoid models that preserve heterogeneity of the originating tumor, including an amphicrine model displaying a range of luminal and neuroendocrine phenotypes. To gain biological insight and to identify potential treatment targets within heterogeneous tumor cell populations, we assessed the lineage hierarchy and molecular characteristics of various CRPC tumor subpopulations. Transcriptionally similar stem/progenitor cells were identified for all lineage populations. Lineage tracing in amphicrine CRPC showed that heterogeneity originated from distinct subclones of infrequent stem/progenitor cells that produced mainly quiescent differentiated amphicrine progeny. By contrast, adenocarcinoma CRPC progeny originated from stem/progenitor cells and self-renewing differentiated luminal cells. NEPC was composed almost exclusively of self-renewing stem/progenitor cells. Amphicrine subpopulations were enriched for secretory luminal, mesenchymal, and enzalutamide treatment persistent signatures that characterize clinical progression. Finally, the amphicrine stem/progenitor subpopulation was specifically depleted with an AURKA inhibitor, which blocked tumor growth. These data illuminate distinct stem cell characteristics for subtype-specific CRPC in addition to demonstrating a context for targeting differentiation-competent prostate stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Beshiri
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Brian J Capaldo
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ross Lake
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anson T Ku
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Danielle Burner
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Caitlin M Tice
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Crystal Tran
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Julianna Kostas
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aian Neil Alilin
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Juan Juan Yin
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Supreet Agarwal
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Samantha A Morris
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fatima H Karzai
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tamara L Lotan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - William L Dahut
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Adam G Sowalsky
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kathleen Kelly
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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3
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Wilkinson S, Ku AT, Lis RT, King IM, Low D, Trostel SY, Bright JR, Terrigino NT, Baj A, Fenimore JM, Li C, Vo B, Jansen CS, Ye H, Whitlock NC, Harmon SA, Carrabba NV, Atway R, Lake R, Kissick HT, Pinto PA, Choyke PL, Turkbey B, Dahut WL, Karzai F, Sowalsky AG. Localized high-risk prostate cancer harbors an androgen receptor low subpopulation susceptible to HER2 inhibition. medRxiv 2024:2024.02.09.24302395. [PMID: 38370835 PMCID: PMC10871443 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.09.24302395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with localized high-risk prostate cancer have higher rates of recurrence, and the introduction of neoadjuvant intensive hormonal therapies seeks to treat occult micrometastatic disease by their addition to definitive treatment. Sufficient profiling of baseline disease has remained a challenge in enabling the in-depth assessment of phenotypes associated with exceptional vs. poor pathologic responses after treatment. In this study, we report comprehensive and integrative gene expression profiling of 37 locally advanced prostate tumors prior to six months of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) plus the androgen receptor (AR) inhibitor enzalutamide prior to radical prostatectomy. A robust transcriptional program associated with HER2 activity was positively associated with poor outcome and opposed AR activity, even after adjusting for common genomic alterations in prostate cancer including PTEN loss and expression of the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion. Patients experiencing exceptional pathologic responses demonstrated lower levels of HER2 and phospho-HER2 by immunohistochemistry of biopsy tissues. The inverse correlation of AR and HER2 activity was found to be a universal feature of all aggressive prostate tumors, validated by transcriptional profiling an external cohort of 121 patients and immunostaining of tumors from 84 additional patients. Importantly, the AR activity-low, HER2 activity-high cells that resist ADT are a pre-existing subset of cells that can be targeted by HER2 inhibition alone or in combination with enzalutamide. In summary, we show that prostate tumors adopt an AR activity-low prior to antiandrogen exposure that can be exploited by treatment with HER2 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Wilkinson
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anson T Ku
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rosina T Lis
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isaiah M King
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Low
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shana Y Trostel
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John R Bright
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Anna Baj
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John M Fenimore
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chennan Li
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - BaoHan Vo
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Caroline S Jansen
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Huihui Ye
- Department of Pathology and Department of Urology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nichelle C Whitlock
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Nicole V Carrabba
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rayann Atway
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ross Lake
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Haydn T Kissick
- Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter A Pinto
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William L Dahut
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fatima Karzai
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam G Sowalsky
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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4
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Agarwal S, Fang L, McGowen K, Yin J, Bowman J, Ku AT, Alilin AN, Corey E, Roudier MP, True LD, Dumpit R, Coleman I, Lee JK, Nelson PS, Capaldo BJ, Mariani A, Hoover C, Senatorov IS, Beshiri M, Sowalsky AG, Hurt EM, Kelly K. Tumor-derived biomarkers predict efficacy of B7H3 antibody-drug conjugate treatment in metastatic prostate cancer models. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162148. [PMID: 37725435 PMCID: PMC10645377 DOI: 10.1172/jci162148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are a promising targeted cancer therapy; however, patient selection based solely on target antigen expression without consideration for cytotoxic payload vulnerabilities has plateaued clinical benefits. Biomarkers to capture patients who might benefit from specific ADCs have not been systematically determined for any cancer. We present a comprehensive therapeutic and biomarker analysis of a B7H3-ADC with pyrrolobenzodiazepine(PBD) payload in 26 treatment-resistant, metastatic prostate cancer (mPC) models. B7H3 is a tumor-specific surface protein widely expressed in mPC, and PBD is a DNA cross-linking agent. B7H3 expression was necessary but not sufficient for B7H3-PBD-ADC responsiveness. RB1 deficiency and/or replication stress, characteristics of poor prognosis, and conferred sensitivity were associated with complete tumor regression in both neuroendocrine (NEPC) and androgen receptor positive (ARPC) prostate cancer models, even with low B7H3 levels. Non-ARPC models, which are currently lacking efficacious treatment, demonstrated the highest replication stress and were most sensitive to treatment. In RB1 WT ARPC tumors, SLFN11 expression or select DNA repair mutations in SLFN11 nonexpressors governed response. Importantly, WT TP53 predicted nonresponsiveness (7 of 8 models). Overall, biomarker-focused selection of models led to high efficacy of in vivo treatment. These data enable a paradigm shift to biomarker-driven trial designs for maximizing clinical benefit of ADC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supreet Agarwal
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lei Fang
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kerry McGowen
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - JuanJuan Yin
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Joel Bowman
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anson T. Ku
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Aian Neil Alilin
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Lawrence D. True
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ruth Dumpit
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ilsa Coleman
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - John K. Lee
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Divisions of Human Biology and Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brian J. Capaldo
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Ilya S. Senatorov
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Beshiri
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adam G. Sowalsky
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Kathleen Kelly
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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5
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Ku AT, Shankavaram U, Trostel SY, Zhang H, Sater HA, Harmon SA, Carrabba NV, Liu Y, Wood BJ, Pinto PA, Choyke PL, Stoyanova R, Davicioni E, Pollack A, Turkbey B, Sowalsky AG, Citrin DE. Radiogenomic profiling of prostate tumors prior to external beam radiotherapy converges on a transcriptomic signature of TGF-β activity driving tumor recurrence. medRxiv 2023:2023.05.01.23288883. [PMID: 37205576 PMCID: PMC10187349 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.01.23288883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Patients with localized prostate cancer have historically been assigned to clinical risk groups based on local disease extent, serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), and tumor grade. Clinical risk grouping is used to determine the intensity of treatment with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), yet a substantial proportion of patients with intermediate and high risk localized prostate cancer will develop biochemical recurrence (BCR) and require salvage therapy. Prospective identification of patients destined to experience BCR would allow treatment intensification or selection of alternative therapeutic strategies. Methods Twenty-nine individuals with intermediate or high risk prostate cancer were prospectively recruited to a clinical trial designed to profile the molecular and imaging features of prostate cancer in patients undergoing EBRT and ADT. Whole transcriptome cDNA microarray and whole exome sequencing were performed on pretreatment targeted biopsy of prostate tumors (n=60). All patients underwent pretreatment and 6-month post EBRT multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), and were followed with serial PSA to assess presence or absence of BCR. Genes differentially expressed in the tumor of patients with and without BCR were investigated using pathways analysis tools and were similarly explored in alternative datasets. Differential gene expression and predicted pathway activation were evaluated in relation to tumor response on mpMRI and tumor genomic profile. A novel TGF-β gene signature was developed in the discovery dataset and applied to a validation dataset. Findings Baseline MRI lesion volume and PTEN/TP53 status in prostate tumor biopsies correlated with the activation state of TGF-β signaling measured using pathway analysis. All three measures correlated with the risk of BCR after definitive RT. A prostate cancer-specific TGF-β signature discriminated between patients that experienced BCR vs. those that did not. The signature retained prognostic utility in an independent cohort. Interpretation TGF-β activity is a dominant feature of intermediate-to-unfavorable risk prostate tumors prone to biochemical failure after EBRT with ADT. TGF-β activity may serve as a prognostic biomarker independent of existing risk factors and clinical decision-making criteria. Funding This research was supported by the Prostate Cancer Foundation, the Department of Defense Congressionally Directed Medical Research Program, National Cancer Institute, and the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson T. Ku
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Uma Shankavaram
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shana Y. Trostel
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Houssein A. Sater
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Nicole V. Carrabba
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yang Liu
- Veracyte, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bradford J. Wood
- Center for Interventional Oncology, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter A. Pinto
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter L. Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Radka Stoyanova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Alan Pollack
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Baris Turkbey
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Adam G. Sowalsky
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Deborah E. Citrin
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
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6
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Germanos AA, Arora S, Zheng Y, Goddard ET, Coleman IM, Ku AT, Wilkinson S, Song H, Brady NJ, Amezquita RA, Zager M, Long A, Yang YC, Bielas JH, Gottardo R, Rickman DS, Huang FW, Ghajar CM, Nelson PS, Sowalsky AG, Setty M, Hsieh AC. Defining cellular population dynamics at single-cell resolution during prostate cancer progression. eLife 2022; 11:e79076. [PMID: 36511483 PMCID: PMC9747158 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced prostate malignancies are a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men, in large part due to our incomplete understanding of cellular drivers of disease progression. We investigate prostate cancer cell dynamics at single-cell resolution from disease onset to the development of androgen independence in an in vivo murine model. We observe an expansion of a castration-resistant intermediate luminal cell type that correlates with treatment resistance and poor prognosis in human patients. Moreover, transformed epithelial cells and associated fibroblasts create a microenvironment conducive to pro-tumorigenic immune infiltration, which is partially androgen responsive. Androgen-independent prostate cancer leads to significant diversification of intermediate luminal cell populations characterized by a range of androgen signaling activity, which is inversely correlated with proliferation and mRNA translation. Accordingly, distinct epithelial populations are exquisitely sensitive to translation inhibition, which leads to epithelial cell death, loss of pro-tumorigenic signaling, and decreased tumor heterogeneity. Our findings reveal a complex tumor environment largely dominated by castration-resistant luminal cells and immunosuppressive infiltrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre A Germanos
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
- University of Washington Molecular and Cellular Biology ProgramSeattleUnited States
| | - Sonali Arora
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Ye Zheng
- Division of Vaccine and infectious Diseases, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Erica T Goddard
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Ilsa M Coleman
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Anson T Ku
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Scott Wilkinson
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Hanbing Song
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Nicholas J Brady
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Robert A Amezquita
- Division of Vaccine and infectious Diseases, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Michael Zager
- Center for Data Visualization, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Annalysa Long
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Yu Chi Yang
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Jason H Bielas
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Raphael Gottardo
- Division of Vaccine and infectious Diseases, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - David S Rickman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell MedicineNew YorkUnited States
| | - Franklin W Huang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Cyrus M Ghajar
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Translational Research Program, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
- University of Washington Departments of Medicine and Genome SciencesSeattleUnited States
| | - Adam G Sowalsky
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIHBethesdaUnited States
| | - Manu Setty
- Translational Data Science Integrated Research Center, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
| | - Andrew C Hsieh
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer CenterSeattleUnited States
- University of Washington Departments of Medicine and Genome SciencesSeattleUnited States
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7
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Whitlock NC, White ME, Capaldo BJ, Ku AT, Agarwal S, Fang L, Wilkinson S, Trostel SY, Shi ZD, Basuli F, Wong K, Jagoda EM, Kelly K, Choyke PL, Sowalsky AG. Progression of prostate cancer reprograms MYC-mediated lipid metabolism via lysine methyltransferase 2A. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:97. [PMID: 36181613 PMCID: PMC9526773 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00565-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The activities of MYC, the androgen receptor, and its associated pioneer factors demonstrate substantial reprogramming between early and advanced prostate cancer. Although previous studies have shown a shift in cellular metabolic requirements associated with prostate cancer progression, the epigenetic regulation of these processes is incompletely described. Here, we have integrated chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) and whole-transcriptome sequencing to identify novel regulators of metabolism in advanced prostate tumors characterized by elevated MYC activity. RESULTS Using ChIP-seq against MYC, HOXB13, and AR in LNCaP cells, we observed redistribution of co-bound sites suggestive of differential KMT2A activity as a function of MYC expression. In a cohort of 177 laser-capture microdissected foci of prostate tumors, KMT2A expression was positively correlated with MYC activity, AR activity, and HOXB13 expression, but decreased with tumor grade severity. However, KMT2A expression was negatively correlated with these factors in 25 LuCaP patient-derived xenograft models of advanced prostate cancer and 99 laser-capture microdissected foci of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Stratified by KMT2A expression, ChIP-seq against AR and HOXB13 in 15 LuCaP patient-derived xenografts showed an inverse association with sites involving genes implicated in lipid metabolism, including the arachidonic acid metabolic enzyme PLA2G4F. LuCaP patient-derived xenograft models grown as organoids recapitulated the inverse association between KMT2A expression and fluorine-18 labeled arachidonic acid uptake in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the epigenetic activity of transcription factor oncogenes exhibits a shift during prostate cancer progression with distinctive phenotypic effects on metabolism. These epigenetically driven changes in lipid metabolism may serve as novel targets for the development of novel imaging agents and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichelle C Whitlock
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Margaret E White
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Brian J Capaldo
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anson T Ku
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Supreet Agarwal
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lei Fang
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Scott Wilkinson
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Shana Y Trostel
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zhen-Dan Shi
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Falguni Basuli
- Chemistry and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Karen Wong
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Elaine M Jagoda
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kathleen Kelly
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter L Choyke
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Adam G Sowalsky
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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8
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Sowalsky AG, Figueiredo I, Lis RT, Coleman I, Gurel B, Bogdan D, Yuan W, Russo JW, Bright JR, Whitlock NC, Trostel SY, Ku AT, Patel RA, True LD, Welti J, Jimenez-Vacas JM, Rodrigues DN, Riisnaes R, Neeb A, Sprenger CT, Swain A, Wilkinson S, Karzai F, Dahut WL, Balk SP, Corey E, Nelson PS, Haffner MC, Plymate SR, de Bono JS, Sharp A. Assessment of Androgen Receptor Splice Variant-7 as a Biomarker of Clinical Response in Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:3509-3525. [PMID: 35695870 PMCID: PMC9378683 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-0851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Therapies targeting the androgen receptor (AR) have improved the outcome for patients with castration-sensitive prostate cancer (CSPC). Expression of the constitutively active AR splice variant-7 (AR-V7) has shown clinical utility as a predictive biomarker of AR-targeted therapy resistance in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), but its importance in CSPC remains understudied. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We assessed different approaches to quantify AR-V7 mRNA and protein in prostate cancer cell lines, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, publicly available cohorts, and independent institutional clinical cohorts, to identify reliable approaches for detecting AR-V7 mRNA and protein and its association with clinical outcome. RESULTS In CSPC and CRPC cohorts, AR-V7 mRNA was much less abundant when detected using reads across splice boundaries than when considering isoform-specific exonic reads. The RM7 AR-V7 antibody had increased sensitivity and specificity for AR-V7 protein detection by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in CRPC cohorts but rarely identified AR-V7 protein reactivity in CSPC cohorts, when compared with the EPR15656 AR-V7 antibody. Using multiple CRPC PDX models, we demonstrated that AR-V7 expression was exquisitely sensitive to hormonal manipulation. In CSPC institutional cohorts, AR-V7 protein quantification by either assay was associated neither with time to development of castration resistance nor with overall survival, and intense neoadjuvant androgen-deprivation therapy did not lead to significant AR-V7 mRNA or staining following treatment. Neither pre- nor posttreatment AR-V7 levels were associated with volumes of residual disease after therapy. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that further analytical validation and clinical qualification are required before AR-V7 can be considered for clinical use in CSPC as a predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rosina T. Lis
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ilsa Coleman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Bora Gurel
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - Wei Yuan
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - John R. Bright
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Anson T. Ku
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antje Neeb
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Fatima Karzai
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Steven P. Balk
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Eva Corey
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Peter S. Nelson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Michael C. Haffner
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stephen R. Plymate
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center, VAPSHCS, Seattle, Washington
| | - Johann S. de Bono
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Adam Sharp
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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9
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Dong X, Xue H, Mo F, Lin YY, Lin D, Wong NK, Sun Y, Wilkinson S, Ku AT, Hao J, Ci X, Wu R, Haegert A, Silver R, Taplin ME, Balk SP, Alumkal JJ, Sowalsky AG, Gleave M, Collins C, Wang Y. Modeling Androgen Deprivation Therapy-Induced Prostate Cancer Dormancy and Its Clinical Implications. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:782-793. [PMID: 35082166 PMCID: PMC9234014 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Treatment-induced tumor dormancy is a state in cancer progression where residual disease is present but remains asymptomatic. Dormant cancer cells are treatment-resistant and responsible for cancer recurrence and metastasis. Prostate cancer treated with androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) often enters a dormant state. ADT-induced prostate cancer dormancy remains poorly understood due to the challenge in acquiring clinical dormant prostate cancer cells and the lack of representative models. In this study, we aimed to develop clinically relevant models for studying ADT-induced prostate cancer dormancy. Dormant prostate cancer models were established by castrating mice bearing patient-derived xenografts (PDX) of hormonal naïve or sensitive prostate cancer. Dormancy status and tumor relapse were monitored and evaluated. Paired pre- and postcastration (dormant) PDX tissues were subjected to morphologic and transcriptome profiling analyses. As a result, we established eleven ADT-induced dormant prostate cancer models that closely mimicked the clinical courses of ADT-treated prostate cancer. We identified two ADT-induced dormancy subtypes that differed in morphology, gene expression, and relapse rates. We discovered transcriptomic differences in precastration PDXs that predisposed the dormancy response to ADT. We further developed a dormancy subtype-based, predisposed gene signature that was significantly associated with ADT response in hormonal naïve prostate cancer and clinical outcome in castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with ADT or androgen-receptor pathway inhibitors. IMPLICATIONS We have established highly clinically relevant PDXs of ADT-induced dormant prostate cancer and identified two dormancy subtypes, leading to the development of a novel predicative gene signature that allows robust risk stratification of patients with prostate cancer to ADT or androgen-receptor pathway inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Dong
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hui Xue
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Fan Mo
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zheijiang, China
- Hangzhou AI-Force Therapeutics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yen-yi Lin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dong Lin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nelson K.Y. Wong
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yingqiang Sun
- Hangzhou AI-Force Therapeutics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Scott Wilkinson
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anson T. Ku
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jun Hao
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Xinpei Ci
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rebecca Wu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anne Haegert
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rebecca Silver
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary-Ellen Taplin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Steven P. Balk
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joshi J. Alumkal
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Adam G. Sowalsky
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Martin Gleave
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colin Collins
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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10
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Ku AT, Wilkinson S, Sowalsky AG. Comparison of approaches to transcriptomic analysis in multi-sampled tumors. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:6355417. [PMID: 34415294 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral heterogeneity is a well-documented feature of human cancers and is associated with outcome and treatment resistance. However, a heterogeneous tumor transcriptome contributes an unknown level of variability to analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that may contribute to phenotypes of interest, including treatment response. Although current clinical practice and the vast majority of research studies use a single sample from each patient, decreasing costs of sequencing technologies and computing power have made repeated-measures analyses increasingly economical. Repeatedly sampling the same tumor increases the statistical power of DEG analysis, which is indispensable toward downstream analysis and also increases one's understanding of within-tumor variance, which may affect conclusions. Here, we compared five different methods for analyzing gene expression profiles derived from repeated sampling of human prostate tumors in two separate cohorts of patients. We also benchmarked the sensitivity of generalized linear models to linear mixed models for identifying DEGs contributing to relevant prostate cancer pathways based on a ground-truth model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson T Ku
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis (LGCP) at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Building 37, Room 1062B, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Scott Wilkinson
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis (LGCP) at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Building 37, Room 1062B, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adam G Sowalsky
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis (LGCP) at the National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Building 37, Room 1062B, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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11
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Calagua C, Ficial M, Jansen CS, Hirz T, Del Balzo L, Wilkinson S, Lake R, Ku AT, Voznesensky O, Sykes DB, Saylor PJ, Ye H, Signoretti S, Kissick H, Sowalsky AG, Balk SP, Einstein DJ. A Subset of Localized Prostate Cancer Displays an Immunogenic Phenotype Associated with Losses of Key Tumor Suppressor Genes. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4836-4847. [PMID: 34168052 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A subset of primary prostate cancer expresses programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), but whether they have a unique tumor immune microenvironment or genomic features is unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We selected PD-L1-positive high-grade and/or high-risk primary prostate cancer, characterized tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes with multiplex immunofluorescence, and identified genomic alterations in immunogenic and nonimmunogenic tumor foci. RESULTS One quarter of aggressive localized prostate cancer cases (29/115) had tumor PD-L1 expression more than 5%. This correlated with increased density of CD8+ T cells, a large fraction coexpressing PD-1, versus absent PD-1 expression on sparse CD8 T cells in unselected cases. Most CD8+PD-1+ cells did not express terminal exhaustion markers (TIM3 or LAG3), while a subset expressed TCF1. Consistent with these CD8+PD-1+TCF1+ cells being progenitors, they were found in antigen-presenting cell niches in close proximity to MHC-II+ cells. CD8 T-cell density in immunogenic prostate cancer and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was nearly identical. Shallow RB1 and BRCA2 losses, and deep deletions of CHD1, were prevalent, the latter being strongly associated with a dendritic cell gene set in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Tumor mutation burden was variable; neither high microsatellite instability nor CDK12 alterations were present. CONCLUSIONS A subset of localized prostate cancer is immunogenic, manifested by PD-L1 expression and CD8+ T-cell content comparable with RCC. The CD8+ T cells include effector cells and exhausted progenitor cells, which may be expanded by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Genomic losses of RB1, BRCA2, and CHD1 may be drivers of this phenotype. These findings indicate that immunotherapies may be effective in biomarker-selected subpopulations of patients with localized prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Calagua
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Miriam Ficial
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Taghreed Hirz
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Luke Del Balzo
- Department of Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Ross Lake
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anson T Ku
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Olga Voznesensky
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David B Sykes
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Philip J Saylor
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Huihui Ye
- Department of Pathology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Haydn Kissick
- Department of Urology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | - Steven P Balk
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David J Einstein
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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12
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Thorek DLJ, Ku AT, Mitsiades N, Veach D, Watson PA, Metha D, Strand SE, Sharma SK, Lewis JS, Abou DS, Lilja HG, Larson SM, McDevitt MR, Ulmert D. Harnessing Androgen Receptor Pathway Activation for Targeted Alpha Particle Radioimmunotherapy of Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:881-891. [PMID: 30254080 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The impact of androgen receptor (AR) activity in breast cancer biology is unclear. We characterized and tested a novel therapy to an AR-governed target in breast cancer.Experimental Design: We evaluated the expression of prototypical AR gene products human kallikrein 2 (hK2) and PSA in breast cancer models. We screened 13 well-characterized breast cancer cell lines for hK2 and PSA production upon in vitro hormone stimulation by testosterone [dihydrotestosterone (DHT)]. AR-positive lines were further evaluated by exposure to estrogen (17β-Estradiol) and the synthetic progestin D-Norgestrel. We then evaluated an anti-hK2-targeted radiotherapy platform (hu11B6), labeled with alpha (α)-particle emitting Actinium-225, to specifically treat AR-expressing breast cancer xenografts under hormone stimulation. RESULTS D-Norgestrel and DHT activated the AR pathway, while 17β-Estradiol did not. Competitive binding for AR protein showed similar affinity between DHT and D-Norgestrel, indicating direct AR-ligand interaction. In vivo production of hK2 was sufficient to achieve site-specific delivery of therapeutic radionuclide to tumor tissue at >20-fold over background muscle uptake; effecting long-term local tumor control. CONCLUSIONS [225Ac]hu11B6 targeted radiotherapy was potentiated by DHT and by D-Norgestrel in murine xenograft models of breast cancer. AR activity in breast cancer correlates with kallikrein-related peptidase-2 and can be activated by D-Norgestrel, a common contraceptive, and AR induction can be harnessed for hK2-targeted breast cancer α-emitter radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L J Thorek
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Anson T Ku
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Nicholas Mitsiades
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Darren Veach
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Philip A Watson
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Dipti Metha
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, and Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sai Kiran Sharma
- Radiochemistry and Imaging Sciences Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Radiochemistry and Imaging Sciences Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Diane S Abou
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Hans G Lilja
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Surgery and Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford University, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Steven M Larson
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael R McDevitt
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - David Ulmert
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, and Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden. .,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California.,Ahmanson Translational Imaging Division, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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13
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Thorek DLJ, Watson PA, Lee SG, Ku AT, Bournazos S, Braun K, Kim K, Sjöström K, Doran MG, Lamminmäki U, Santos E, Veach D, Turkekul M, Casey E, Lewis JS, Abou DS, van Voss MRH, Scardino PT, Strand SE, Alpaugh ML, Scher HI, Lilja H, Larson SM, Ulmert D. Internalization of secreted antigen-targeted antibodies by the neonatal Fc receptor for precision imaging of the androgen receptor axis. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:367ra167. [PMID: 27903863 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf2335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the androgen receptor (AR) pathway prolongs survival in patients with prostate cancer, but resistance rapidly develops. Understanding this resistance is confounded by a lack of noninvasive means to assess AR activity in vivo. We report intracellular accumulation of a secreted antigen-targeted antibody (SATA) that can be used to characterize disease, guide therapy, and monitor response. AR-regulated human kallikrein-related peptidase 2 (free hK2) is a prostate tissue-specific antigen produced in prostate cancer and androgen-stimulated breast cancer cells. Fluorescent and radio conjugates of 11B6, an antibody targeting free hK2, are internalized and noninvasively report AR pathway activity in metastatic and genetically engineered models of cancer development and treatment. Uptake is mediated by a mechanism involving the neonatal Fc receptor. Humanized 11B6, which has undergone toxicological tests in nonhuman primates, has the potential to improve patient management in these cancers. Furthermore, cell-specific SATA uptake may have a broader use for molecularly guided diagnosis and therapy in other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L J Thorek
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Philip A Watson
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sang-Gyu Lee
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Anson T Ku
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stylianos Bournazos
- Leonard Wagner Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Katharina Braun
- Department of Urology, University Hospital of the Ruhr-University of Bochum, Marien Hospital Herne, Herne, Germany
| | - Kwanghee Kim
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Michael G Doran
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Urpo Lamminmäki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Elmer Santos
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Darren Veach
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mesruh Turkekul
- Molecular Cytology Core Facility, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Emily Casey
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Radiochemistry and Imaging Sciences Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Diane S Abou
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marise R H van Voss
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.,Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter T Scardino
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sven-Erik Strand
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Mary L Alpaugh
- Departments of Biology and Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Howard I Scher
- Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Hans Lilja
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. .,Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Steven M Larson
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. .,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - David Ulmert
- Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. .,Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Division of Urological Research, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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14
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Kim TS, Cavnar MJ, Cohen NA, Sorenson EC, Greer JB, Seifert AM, Crawley MH, Green BL, Popow R, Pillarsetty N, Veach DR, Ku AT, Rossi F, Besmer P, Antonescu CR, Zeng S, Dematteo RP. Increased KIT inhibition enhances therapeutic efficacy in gastrointestinal stromal tumor. Clin Cancer Res 2014; 20:2350-62. [PMID: 24583793 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-3033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common human sarcoma and a model of targeted molecular therapy. GIST depends on oncogenic KIT signaling and responds to the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib. However, imatinib is rarely curative. We hypothesized that PLX3397, which inhibits KIT and colony-stimulating-factor-1 receptor (CSF1R), would be more efficacious than imatinib in GIST by also depleting tumor-associated macrophages, which are generally thought to support tumor growth. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We treated Kit(V558del/+) mice that develop GIST or mice with subcutaneous human GIST xenografts with imatinib or PLX3397 and analyzed tumor weight, cellular composition, histology, molecular signaling, and fibrosis. In vitro assays on human GIST cell lines were also performed. RESULTS PLX3397 was more effective than imatinib in reducing tumor weight and cellularity in both Kit(V558del)(/+) murine GIST and human GIST xenografts. The superiority of PLX3397 did not depend on depletion of tumor-associated macrophages, because adding CSF1R inhibition did not improve the effects of imatinib. Instead, PLX3397 was a more potent KIT inhibitor than imatinib in vitro. PLX3397 therapy also induced substantial intratumoral fibrosis, which impaired the subsequent delivery of small molecules. CONCLUSIONS PLX3397 therapy has greater efficacy than imatinib in preclinical GIST models and warrants study in patients with GIST. The resultant intratumoral fibrosis may represent one of the barriers to achieving complete tumor eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa S Kim
- Authors' Affiliations: Departments of Surgery, Radiology, Developmental Biology, and Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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