1
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Xiao-Qun Z, Xian-Li M, Ariffin NS. The potential of carbonic anhydrase enzymes as a novel target for anti-cancer treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 976:176677. [PMID: 38825301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a zinc-dependent metal enzyme that maintains the pH and carbon dioxide (CO2) homeostasis in cells by catalyzing the reversible hydration and dehydration of CO2 and bicarbonate (HCO3-). In mammals, there are 16 isozymes of CA existed, namely CAI to CAXIV, but only 15 isozymes are found in humans except CAXV. Human CAs have highly conserved catalytic domains, all of which are distributed in different tissues and play important physiological roles. Changes in their functions may disrupt the typical distribution of CAs throughout human body and therefore CAs can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for many diseases. Furthermore, the expression of CAs is correlated to the progression of numerous tumors, therapeutic sensitivity and patient prognosis. In this review, we discuss thoroughly the structure of CAs, their functional activities in human physiology, dysregulations and diseases related to CAs, and different types of CA inhibitors that can reverse their dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Xiao-Qun
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; Guilin Medical University, GuiLin, China
| | | | - Nur Syamimi Ariffin
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.
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2
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Güngör SA, Köse M, Tümer M, Türkeş C, Beydemir Ş. Synthesis, characterization and docking studies of benzenesulfonamide derivatives containing 1,2,3-triazole as potential ınhibitor of carbonic anhydrase I-II enzymes. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:10919-10929. [PMID: 36576122 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2159531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic Anhydrases (CAs) are an important family of metalloenzymes that contain zinc (Zn2+) ions in their active site and catalyze the conversion of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and proton and found in all living organisms. Sulfonamides are well-known inhibitors of CAs isoenzymes. In this study, a series of benzenesulfonamide derivatives (9a-h) containing 1,2,3-triazole-moiety were designed, synthesized and their structures were characterized by spectroscopic methods. In addition, molecular structures of compounds 5a, 5 b, 9e and 9f were elucidated by X-ray diffraction technique. To investigate drug similarity of 9a-h compounds, Lipinski's five rules (ADMET: absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity) were carried out by in silico studies. According to results, the compounds showed drug-like properties. Docking studies were applied to determine the scores, interactions and binding modes of compounds 9a-h against hCA I and hCA II enzymes. Compound 9c (-5.13 kcal/mol docking score) against hCA I enzyme and 9 h (-5.32 kcal/mol docking score) against hCA II enzyme showed potent inhibitory properties. The binding interactions of the compounds with the carbonic anhydrases were examined by docking studies.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyit Ali Güngör
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kahramanmaras Sütcü Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Muhammet Köse
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kahramanmaras Sütcü Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Tümer
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kahramanmaras Sütcü Imam University, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Cüneyt Türkeş
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Şükrü Beydemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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3
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Supuran CT. A simple yet multifaceted 90 years old, evergreen enzyme: Carbonic anhydrase, its inhibition and activation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 93:129411. [PMID: 37507055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Advances in the carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) research over the last three decades are presented, with an emphasis on the deciphering of the activation mechanism, the development of isoform-selective inhibitors/ activators by the tail approach and their applications in the management of obesity, hypoxic tumors, neurological conditions, and as antiinfectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
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4
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Wojtkowiak K, Jezierska A. Role of Non-Covalent Interactions in Carbonic Anhydrase I-Topiramate Complex Based on QM/MM Approach. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16040479. [PMID: 37111236 PMCID: PMC10146004 DOI: 10.3390/ph16040479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase (CA) I with a Topiramate (TPM) complex was investigated on the basis of a Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) approach. The QM part was treated using Density Functional Theory (DFT) while the MM was simulated using Amberff14SB and GAFF force fields. In addition, the TIP3P model was applied to reproduce the polar environment influence on the studied complex. Next, three snapshots (after 5 ps, 10 ps, and 15 ps of the simulation time) were taken from the obtained trajectory to provide an insight into the non-covalent interactions present between the ligand and binding pocket of the protein. Our special attention was devoted to the binding site rearrangement, which is known in the literature concerning the complex. This part of the computations was performed using ωB97X functional with Grimme D3 dispersion corrections as well as a Becke-Johnson damping function (D3-BJ). Two basis sets were applied: def2-SVP (for larger models) and def2-TZVPD (for smaller models), respectively. In order to detect and describe non-covalent interactions between amino acids of the binding pocket and the ligand, Independent Gradient Model based on Hirshfeld partitioning (IGMH), Interaction Region Indicator (IRI), Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and Natural Bond Orbitals (NBO) methods were employed. Finally, Symmetry-Adapted Perturbation Theory (SAPT) was applied for energy decomposition between the ligand and protein. It was found that during the simulation time, the ligand position in the binding site was preserved. Nonetheless, amino acids interacting with TPM were exchanging during the simulation, thus showing the binding site reorganization. The energy partitioning revealed that dispersion and electrostatics are decisive factors that are responsible for the complex stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Wojtkowiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aneta Jezierska
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland
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5
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Moi D, Deplano A, Angeli A, Balboni G, Supuran CT, Onnis V. Synthesis of Sulfonamides Incorporating Piperidinyl-Hydrazidoureido and Piperidinyl-Hydrazidothioureido Moieties and Their Carbonic Anhydrase I, II, IX and XII Inhibitory Activity. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27175370. [PMID: 36080139 PMCID: PMC9457746 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report a small library of hydrazinocarbonyl-ureido and thioureido benzenesulfonamide derivatives, designed and synthesized as potent and selective human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (hCAIs). The synthesized compounds were evaluated against isoforms hCA I, II, IX and XII using acetazolamide (AAZ) as standard inhibitor. Several urea and thiourea derivatives showed inhibitory activity at low nanomolar levels with selectivity against the cytosolic hCA II isoform, as well as the transmembrane, tumor-associated enzymes hCA IX and XII. The thiourea derivatives showed enhanced potency as compared to urea analogues. Additionally, eight compounds 5g, 5m, 5o, 5q, 6l, 6j, 6o and 6u were selected for docking analysis on isoform I, II, IX, XII to illustrate the potential interaction with the enzyme to better understand the activity against the different isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Moi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato University Campus, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Alessandro Deplano
- Pharmacelera, Torre R, 4a Planta, Despatx A05, Parc Cientific de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 8, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Polo Scientifico Neurofarba Department, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, Room 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Balboni
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato University Campus, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Polo Scientifico Neurofarba Department, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, Room 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.T.S.); (V.O.)
| | - Valentina Onnis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato University Campus, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.T.S.); (V.O.)
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Nerella SG, Singh P, Arifuddin M, Supuran CT. Anticancer carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: a patent and literature update 2018-2022. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2022; 32:833-847. [PMID: 35616541 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2022.2083502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer affects an increasing number of patients each year with an unacceptable death toll worldwide. A new therapeutic approach to combat tumors consists in targeting human carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms IX and XII, which are tumor-associated, overexpressed enzymes in hypoxic tumors, being involved in metabolism, pH regulation, ferroptosis and overall tumor progression. AREAS COVERED Small molecule hCA IX/XII and antibody drug conjugate inhibitors targeting the two enzymes and their applications in the management of cancer are discussed. EXPERT OPINION The available 3D crystal structures of hCA IX, XII as well as the off target isoforms hCA I and II, afforded structure-based drug design opportunities, which led to the development of various isoform-selective small molecule inhibitors belonging to diverse classes (sulfonamides, sulfamates, benzoxaboroles, selenols, coumarins, sulfocoumarins and isocoumarins). Many patents focused on small inhibitors containing sulfonamide/ sulfamate/sulfamide derivatives as well as hybrids incorporating sulfonamides and different antitumor chemotypes, such as cytotoxic drugs, kinase/telomerase inhibitors, P-gp and thioredoxin inhibitors. The most investigated candidate belonging to the class is the sulfonamide SLC-0111, in Phase Ib/II clinical trials for the management of advanced, metastatic solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Goud Nerella
- Department of Neuroimaging and Interventional Radiology (NI & IR), National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru 560 029, India.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Priti Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India
| | - Mohammed Arifuddin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500 037, India.,Department of Chemistry, Directorate of Distance Education, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, Gachibowli, Hyderabad 500032, T.S.India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Dept., Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy
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Abstract
Acipimox, a nicotinic acid derivative in clinical use for the treatment of hyperlipidaemia, incorporates a free carboxylic acid and an N-oxide moiety, functionalities known to interact with the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) and inhibit its activity. Herein we report that acipimox acts as a low micromolar CA inhibitor (CAI) against most human (h) isoforms possessing catalytic activity, hCA I – XIV. By using computational techniques (docking and molecular dynamics simulations), we propose that acipimox coordinates through its carboxylate group to the zinc ion from the enzyme active site cavity, whereas the N-oxide group is hydrogen-bonded to the proton shuttle His residue in some isoforms (hCA I) or to active site Thr or Gln residues in other isoforms (hCA II, III, IV, VII, etc). As some CA isoforms are involved in lipogenesis, these data may be useful for the design of more effective CAIs with antiobesity activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, "Department of Excellence 2018-2022", University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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8
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Hewitt CS, Abutaleb NS, Elhassanny AEM, Nocentini A, Cao X, Amos DP, Youse MS, Holly KJ, Marapaka A, An W, Kaur J, Krabill AD, Elkashif A, Elgammal Y, Graboski AL, Supuran CT, Seleem MN, Flaherty DP. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Acetazolamide-Based Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors with Activity against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:1969-1984. [PMID: 33765392 PMCID: PMC8317129 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is an urgent threat to public health in the United States and around the world. Many of the current classes of antibiotics to treat N. gonorrhoeae infection are quickly becoming obsolete due to increased rates of resistance. Thus, there is a critical need for alternative antimicrobial targets and new chemical entities. Our team has repurposed the FDA-approved carbonic anhydrase inhibitor scaffold of acetazolamide to target N. gonorrhoeae and the bacteria's essential carbonic anhydrase, NgCA. This study established both structure-activity and structure-property relationships that contribute to both antimicrobial activity and NgCA activity. This ultimately led to molecules 20 and 23, which displayed minimum inhibitory concentration values as low as 0.25 μg/mL equating to an 8- to 16-fold improvement in antigonococcal activity compared to acetazolamide. These analogues were determined to be bacteriostatic against the pathogen and likely on-target against NgCA. Additionally, they did not exhibit any detrimental effects in cellular toxicity assays against both a human endocervical (End1/E6E7) cell line or colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2) at concentrations up to 128 μg/mL. Taken together, this study presents a class of antigonococcal agents with the potential to be advanced for further evaluation in N. gonorrhoeae infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad S. Hewitt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Nader S. Abutaleb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Ahmed E. M. Elhassanny
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze, Italy
| | - Xufeng Cao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Devon P. Amos
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Molly S. Youse
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Katrina J. Holly
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Anil Marapaka
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Weiwei An
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jatinder Kaur
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Aaron D. Krabill
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Ahmed Elkashif
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yehia Elgammal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Amanda L. Graboski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico, Firenze, Italy
| | - Mohamed N. Seleem
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Daniel P. Flaherty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, 720 Clinic Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, 207 South Martin Jischke Dr., West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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Nocentini A, Angeli A, Carta F, Winum JY, Zalubovskis R, Carradori S, Capasso C, Donald WA, Supuran CT. Reconsidering anion inhibitors in the general context of drug design studies of modulators of activity of the classical enzyme carbonic anhydrase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:561-580. [PMID: 33615947 PMCID: PMC7901698 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1882453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inorganic anions inhibit the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) generally by coordinating to the active site metal ion. Cyanate was reported as a non-coordinating CA inhibitor but those erroneous results were subsequently corrected by another group. We review the anion CA inhibitors (CAIs) in the more general context of drug design studies and the discovery of a large number of inhibitor classes and inhibition mechanisms, including zinc binders (sulphonamides and isosteres, dithiocabamates and isosteres, thiols, selenols, benzoxaboroles, ninhydrins, etc.); inhibitors anchoring to the zinc-coordinated water molecule (phenols, polyamines, sulfocoumarins, thioxocoumarins, catechols); CAIs occluding the entrance to the active site (coumarins and derivatives, lacosamide), as well as compounds that bind outside the active site. All these new chemotypes integrated with a general procedure for obtaining isoform-selective compounds (the tail approach) has resulted, through the guidance of rigorous X-ray crystallography experiments, in the development of highly selective CAIs for all human CA isoforms with many pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Raivis Zalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia.,Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
| | - William A Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Guglielmi P, Rotondi G, Secci D, Angeli A, Chimenti P, Nocentini A, Bonardi A, Gratteri P, Carradori S, Supuran CT. Novel insights on saccharin- and acesulfame-based carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: design, synthesis, modelling investigations and biological activity evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 35:1891-1905. [PMID: 33003975 PMCID: PMC7580763 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1828401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A large library of saccharin and acesulfame derivatives has been synthesised and evaluated against four isoforms of human carbonic anhydrase, the two off-targets hCA I/II and the tumour related isoforms hCA IX/XII. Different strategies of scaffold modification have been attempted on both saccharin as well as acesulfame core leading to the obtainment of 60 compounds. Some of them exhibited inhibitory activity in the nanomolar range, albeit some of the performed changes led to either micromolar activity or to its absence, against hCA IX/XII. Molecular modelling studies focused the attention on the binding mode of these compounds to the enzyme. The proposed inhibition mechanism is the anchoring to zinc-bound water molecule. Docking studies along with molecular dynamics also underlined the importance of the compounds flexibility (e.g. achieved through the insertion of methylene group) which favoured potent and selective hCA inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Guglielmi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Rotondi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Secci
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Centre of Advanced Research in Bionanoconjugates and Biopolymers Department, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania
| | - Paola Chimenti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Alessandro Bonardi
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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11
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Thacker PS, Srikanth D, Angeli A, Singh P, Chinchilli KK, Arifuddin M, Supuran CT. Coumarin-Thiourea Hybrids Show Potent Carbonic Anhydrase IX and XIII Inhibitory Action. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1252-1256. [PMID: 33346945 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of coumarin-thiourea hybrids (4 a-o) has been synthesized, and the compounds have been evaluated against the tumour associated transmembrane isoform, human (h) carbonic anhydrase (CA) hCA IX and the less-explored cytosolic isoform, hCA XIII. All compounds exhibited potent inhibition of both isoforms, with KI values of <100 nM against hCA IX. Compound 4 b was the best inhibitor (KI =78.5 nM). All the compounds inhibited hCA XIII in the low-nanomolar to sub-micromolar range, with compound 4 b again showing the best inhibition (KI =76.3 nM). With compound 4 b as a lead, more-selective inhibitors of hCA IX and hCA XIII or dual hCA IX/XIII inhibitors might be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavitra S Thacker
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Danaboina Srikanth
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Neurofarba Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Priti Singh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Krishna Kartheek Chinchilli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Mohammed Arifuddin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
- Department of Chemistry, Anwarul Uloom College, 11-3-918, New Malleypally, Hyderabad, 500001, Telangana State, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Neurofarba Dept., Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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12
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Angeli A, Carta F, Nocentini A, Winum JY, Zalubovskis R, Akdemir A, Onnis V, Eldehna WM, Capasso C, Simone GD, Monti SM, Carradori S, Donald WA, Dedhar S, Supuran CT. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Targeting Metabolism and Tumor Microenvironment. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10100412. [PMID: 33066524 PMCID: PMC7602163 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is crucial for the growth of cancer cells, triggering particular biochemical and physiological changes, which frequently influence the outcome of anticancer therapies. The biochemical rationale behind many of these phenomena resides in the activation of transcription factors such as hypoxia-inducible factor 1 and 2 (HIF-1/2). In turn, the HIF pathway activates a number of genes including those involved in glucose metabolism, angiogenesis, and pH regulation. Several carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms, such as CA IX and XII, actively participate in these processes and were validated as antitumor/antimetastatic drug targets. Here, we review the field of CA inhibitors (CAIs), which selectively inhibit the cancer-associated CA isoforms. Particular focus was on the identification of lead compounds and various inhibitor classes, and the measurement of CA inhibitory on-/off-target effects. In addition, the preclinical data that resulted in the identification of SLC-0111, a sulfonamide in Phase Ib/II clinical trials for the treatment of hypoxic, advanced solid tumors, are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.A.); (F.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.A.); (F.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.A.); (F.C.); (A.N.)
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- IBMM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34296 Montpellier, France;
| | - Raivis Zalubovskis
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, 1006 Riga, Latvia, Institute of Technology of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 3/7 Paula Valdena Str., 1048 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Atilla Akdemir
- Computer-aided Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Fatih, Istanbul 34093, Turkey;
| | - Valentina Onnis
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Unit of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Campus, S.P. n° 8, Km 0.700, I-09042 Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Wagdy M. Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt;
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources—National Research Council, via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Giuseppina De Simone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages—National Research Council, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.D.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages—National Research Council, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (G.D.S.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - William A. Donald
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, 1466 Sydney, Australia;
| | - Shoukat Dedhar
- Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.A.); (F.C.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Kaur J, Cao X, Abutaleb NS, Elkashif A, Graboski AL, Krabill AD, AbdelKhalek AH, An W, Bhardwaj A, Seleem MN, Flaherty DP. Optimization of Acetazolamide-Based Scaffold as Potent Inhibitors of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus. J Med Chem 2020; 63:9540-9562. [PMID: 32787141 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are the second leading cause of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) attributed to a drug-resistant bacterium in the United States, and resistance to the frontline treatments is well documented. To combat VRE, we have repurposed the FDA-approved carbonic anhydrase drug acetazolamide to design potent antienterococcal agents. Through structure-activity relationship optimization we have arrived at two leads possessing improved potency against clinical VRE strains from MIC = 2 μg/mL (acetazolamide) to MIC = 0.007 μg/mL (22) and 1 μg/mL (26). Physicochemical properties were modified to design leads that have either high oral bioavailability to treat systemic infections or low intestinal permeability to treat VRE infections in the gastrointestinal tract. Our data suggest the intracellular targets for the molecules are putative α-carbonic and γ-carbonic anhydrases, and homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulations were performed. Together, this study presents potential anti-VRE therapeutic options to provide alternatives for problematic VRE infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Kaur
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Xufeng Cao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Nader S Abutaleb
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ahmed Elkashif
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Amanda L Graboski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Aaron D Krabill
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ahmed Hassan AbdelKhalek
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Weiwei An
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Atul Bhardwaj
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Mohamed N Seleem
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, 207 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Daniel P Flaherty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, 207 South Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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14
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Mishra CB, Tiwari M, Supuran CT. Progress in the development of human carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and their pharmacological applications: Where are we today? Med Res Rev 2020; 40:2485-2565. [PMID: 32691504 DOI: 10.1002/med.21713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are widely distributed metalloenzymes in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. They efficiently catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and H+ ions and play a crucial role in regulating many physiological processes. CAs are well-studied drug target for various disorders such as glaucoma, epilepsy, sleep apnea, and high altitude sickness. In the past decades, a large category of diverse families of CA inhibitors (CAIs) have been developed and many of them showed effective inhibition toward specific isoforms, and effectiveness in pathological conditions in preclinical and clinical settings. The discovery of isoform-selective CAIs in the last decade led to diminished side effects associated with off-target isoforms inhibition. The many new classes of such compounds will be discussed in the review, together with strategies for their development. Pharmacological advances of the newly emerged CAIs in diseases not usually associated with CA inhibition (neuropathic pain, arthritis, cerebral ischemia, and cancer) will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra B Mishra
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Center for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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15
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Castellano GC, Lana PDC, Freire CA. Euryhalinity of subtropical marine and estuarine polychaetes evaluated through carbonic anhydrase activity and cell volume regulation. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 333:316-324. [PMID: 32306561 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Polychaete worms are widespread and diverse in marine and estuarine habitats subject to varying salinity, in areas influenced by tides, demanding physiological adjustment for internal homeostasis. They are typically considered and reported to be osmoconformers, but they are not often studied for their osmoregulation. Here, three species of polychaete worms from distinct coastal habitats have been investigated: the spionid Scolelepis goodbody (intertidal in saline, exposed sandy beaches), the nereidid Laeonereis culveri (estuarine polyhaline), and the nephtyid Nephtys fluviatilis (estuarine oligohaline). The general objective here was to relate ecological aspects and physiology of the studied species. Constitutive whole body osmolality and carbonic anhydrase activity (CAA, relevant for osmoregulation, acid-base balance and respiration) have been assayed. In addition, cell volume regulatory capacity (from whole body cell dissociation) was challenged under hypoosmotic and hyperosmotic shocks (50% intensity), with respect to isosmotic control. S. googdbody and L. culveri, the two species from most saline environments (marine/estuarine), showed higher CAA than N. fluviatilis, which, in turn, displayed a hyperosmotic gradient to water of salinity 15. Cells from S. goodbody and L. culveri showed regulatory volume decrease upon swelling, with S. goodbody showing the largest volume increase. As in other more studied marine invertebrate groups, polychaetes also show variability in their osmoregulatory physiology, related to distinct saline challenges faced in their coastal habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna C Castellano
- Department of Zoology, Graduate Program in Zoology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo da Cunha Lana
- Center for Marine Studies, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Pontal do Paraná, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Carolina A Freire
- Department of Physiology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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16
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Bozdag M, Supuran CT, Esposito D, Angeli A, Carta F, Monti SM, De Simone G, Alterio V. 2-Mercaptobenzoxazoles: a class of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors with a novel binding mode to the enzyme active site. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8297-8300. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc02857f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
2-Mercaptobenzoxazole represents an interesting lead compound alternative to the classical sulfonamides for the development of selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Bozdag
- Neurofarba Department
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences
- Università degli Studi di Firenze
- Sesto Fiorentino
- Florence
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences
- Università degli Studi di Firenze
- Sesto Fiorentino
- Florence
| | | | - Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences
- Università degli Studi di Firenze
- Sesto Fiorentino
- Florence
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Neurofarba Department
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences
- Università degli Studi di Firenze
- Sesto Fiorentino
- Florence
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17
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De Simone G, Di Fiore A, Truppo E, Langella E, Vullo D, Supuran CT, Monti SM. Exploration of the residues modulating the catalytic features of human carbonic anhydrase XIII by a site-specific mutagenesis approach. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1506-1510. [PMID: 31431090 PMCID: PMC6713127 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1653290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are ubiquitous metallo-enzymes that catalyse the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and proton. In humans there are 15 isoforms among which only 12 are catalytically active. Since active human (h) CAs show different efficiency, the understanding of the molecular determinants affecting it is a matter of debate. Here we investigated, by a site-specific mutagenesis approach, residues modulating the catalytic features of one of the least investigated cytosolic isoform, i.e. hCA XIII. Results showed that residues assisting the formation of an ordered solvent network within the catalytic site as well as those forming a histidine cluster on the protein surface are important to guarantee an efficient proton transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Di Fiore
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR , Naples , Italy
| | | | - Emma Langella
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR , Naples , Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Sesto Fiorentino , Florence , Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Sesto Fiorentino , Florence , Italy
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18
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Thermodynamic, kinetic, and structural parameterization of human carbonic anhydrase interactions toward enhanced inhibitor design. Q Rev Biophys 2019; 51:e10. [PMID: 30912486 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583518000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of rational drug design is to develop small molecules using a quantitative approach to optimize affinity. This should enhance the development of chemical compounds that would specifically, selectively, reversibly, and with high affinity interact with a target protein. It is not yet possible to develop such compounds using computational (i.e., in silico) approach and instead the lead molecules are discovered in high-throughput screening searches of large compound libraries. The main reason why in silico methods are not capable to deliver is our poor understanding of the compound structure-thermodynamics and structure-kinetics correlations. There is a need for databases of intrinsic binding parameters (e.g., the change upon binding in standard Gibbs energy (ΔGint), enthalpy (ΔHint), entropy (ΔSint), volume (ΔVintr), heat capacity (ΔCp,int), association rate (ka,int), and dissociation rate (kd,int)) between a series of closely related proteins and a chemically diverse, but pharmacophoric group-guided library of compounds together with the co-crystal structures that could help explain the structure-energetics correlations and rationally design novel compounds. Assembly of these data will facilitate attempts to provide correlations and train data for modeling of compound binding. Here, we report large datasets of the intrinsic thermodynamic and kinetic data including over 400 primary sulfonamide compound binding to a family of 12 catalytically active human carbonic anhydrases (CA). Thermodynamic parameters have been determined by the fluorescent thermal shift assay, isothermal titration calorimetry, and by the stopped-flow assay of the inhibition of enzymatic activity. Kinetic measurements were performed using surface plasmon resonance. Intrinsic thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of binding were determined by dissecting the binding-linked protonation reactions of the protein and sulfonamide. The compound structure-thermodynamics and kinetics correlations reported here helped to discover compounds that exhibited picomolar affinities, hour-long residence times, and million-fold selectivities over non-target CA isoforms. Drug-lead compounds are suggested for anticancer target CA IX and CA XII, antiglaucoma CA IV, antiobesity CA VA and CA VB, and other isoforms. Together with 85 X-ray crystallographic structures of 60 compounds bound to six CA isoforms, the database should be of help to continue developing the principles of rational target-based drug design.
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19
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Nocentini A, Supuran CT. Advances in the structural annotation of human carbonic anhydrases and impact on future drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2019; 14:1175-1197. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2019.1651289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child’s Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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20
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Cardoso JCR, Ferreira V, Zhang X, Anjos L, Félix RC, Batista FM, Power DM. Evolution and diversity of alpha-carbonic anhydrases in the mantle of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Sci Rep 2019; 9:10400. [PMID: 31320702 PMCID: PMC6639325 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The α-carbonic anhydrases (α-CAs) are a large and ancient group of metazoan-specific enzymes. They generate bicarbonate from metabolic carbon dioxide and through calcium carbonate crystal formation play a key role in the regulation of mineralized structures. To better understand how α-CAs contribute to shell mineralization in the marine Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) we characterized them in the mantle. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that mollusc α-CA evolution was affected by lineage and species-specific events. Ten α-CAs were found in the Mediterranean mussel mantle and the most abundant form was named, MgNACR, as it grouped with oyster nacreins (NACR). Exposure of the Mediterranean mussel to reduced water salinity (18 vs 37 ppt), caused a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in mantle esterase activity and MgNACR transcript abundance (p < 0.05). Protonograms revealed multiple proteins in the mantle with α-CA hydratase activity and mapped to a protein with a similar size to that deduced for monomeric MgNACR. Our data indicate that MgNACR is a major α-CA enzyme in mantle and that by homology with oyster nacreins likely regulates mussel shell production. We propose that species-dependent α-CA evolution may contribute to explain the diversity of bivalve shell structures and their vulnerability to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C R Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Vinicius Ferreira
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Xushuai Zhang
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Liliana Anjos
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Rute C Félix
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Frederico M Batista
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.,Centre for Environment Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Weymouth, Dorset, UK
| | - Deborah M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal. .,International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. .,Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The physiologic importance of fast CO2/HCO3- interconversion in various tissues requires the presence of carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). Fourteen CA isozymes are present in humans, all of them being used as biomarkers. AREAS COVERED A great number of patents and articles were focused on the use of CA isozymes as biomarkers for various diseases and syndromes in the recent years, in an ascending trend over the last decade. The review highlights the most important studies related with each isozyme and covers the most recent patent literature. EXPERT OPINION The CAs biomarker research area expanded significantly in recent years, shifting from the predominant use of CA IX and CA XII in cancer diagnostic, staging, and prognosis towards a wider use of CA isozymes as disease biomarkers. CA isozymes are currently used either alone, in tandem with other CA isozymes and/or in combination with other proteins for the detection, staging, and prognosis of a huge repertoire of human dysfunctions and diseases, ranging from mild transformation of the normal tissues to extreme shifts in tissue organization and function. The techniques used for their detection/quantitation and the state-of-the-art in each clinical application are presented through relevant clinical examples and corresponding statistical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Zamanova
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center of Drug Discovery Research , Temple University School of Pharmacy , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Ahmed M Shabana
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center of Drug Discovery Research , Temple University School of Pharmacy , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Utpal K Mondal
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center of Drug Discovery Research , Temple University School of Pharmacy , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Marc A Ilies
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Moulder Center of Drug Discovery Research , Temple University School of Pharmacy , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Temple Fox Chase Cancer Center , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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22
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Rains JGD, O’Donnelly K, Oliver T, Woscholski R, Long NJ, Barter LMC. Bicarbonate Inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase Mimics Hinders Catalytic Efficiency: Elucidating the Mechanism and Gaining Insight toward Improving Speed and Efficiency. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G. D. Rains
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kerry O’Donnelly
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Oliver
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rudiger Woscholski
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. Long
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Laura M. C. Barter
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, Molecular Science Research Hub, White City Campus, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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23
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Lomelino CL, Andring JT, McKenna R. Crystallography and Its Impact on Carbonic Anhydrase Research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2018; 2018:9419521. [PMID: 30302289 PMCID: PMC6158936 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9419521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
X-ray and neutron crystallography are powerful techniques utilized to study the structures of biomolecules. Visualization of enzymes in complex with substrate/product and the capture of intermediate states can be related to activity to facilitate understanding of the catalytic mechanism. Subsequent analysis of small molecule binding within the enzyme active site provides insight into mechanisms of inhibition, supporting the design of novel inhibitors using a structure-guided approach. The first X-ray crystal structures were determined for small, ubiquitous enzymes such as carbonic anhydrase (CA). CAs are a family of zinc metalloenzymes that catalyze the hydration of CO2, producing HCO3 - and a proton. The CA structure and ping-pong mechanism have been extensively studied and are well understood. Though the function of CA plays an important role in a variety of physiological functions, CA has also been associated with diseases such as glaucoma, edema, epilepsy, obesity, and cancer and is therefore recognized as a drug target. In this review, a brief history of crystallography and its impact on CA research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L. Lomelino
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jacob T. Andring
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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24
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Mehta R, Qureshi MH, Purchal MK, Greer SM, Gong S, Ngo C, Que EL. A new probe for detecting zinc-bound carbonic anhydrase in cell lysates and cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:5442-5445. [PMID: 29745391 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc02034e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis and application of a small molecule probe for carbonic anhydrase (CA) to track holo-CA in cell lysates and live-cell models of zinc dyshomeostasis. The probe displays a 12-fold increase in fluorescence upon binding to bovine CA and also responds to human CA isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Mehta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, 105 E 24th St Stop A5300, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
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Bruno E, Buemi MR, Di Fiore A, De Luca L, Ferro S, Angeli A, Cirilli R, Sadutto D, Alterio V, Monti SM, Supuran CT, De Simone G, Gitto R. Probing Molecular Interactions between Human Carbonic Anhydrases (hCAs) and a Novel Class of Benzenesulfonamides. J Med Chem 2017; 60:4316-4326. [PMID: 28453941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of X-ray crystallographic studies of the complex of hCA II with 4-(3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinoline-2-carbonyl)benzenesulfonamide (3) (PDB code 4Z1J ), a novel series of 4-(1-aryl-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-carbonyl)benzenesulfonamides (23-33) was designed. Specifically, our idea was to improve the selectivity toward druggable isoforms through the introduction of additional hydrophobic/hydrophilic functionalities. Among the synthesized and tested compounds, the (R,S)-4-(6,7-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-1H-2-carbonyl)benzenesulfonamide (30) exhibited a remarkable inhibition for the brain-expressed hCA VII (Ki = 0.20 nM) and selectivity over wider distributed hCA I and hCA II isoforms. By enantioselective HPLC, we solved the racemic mixture and ascertained that the two enantiomers (30a and 30b) are equiactive inhibitors for hCA VII. Crystallographic and docking studies revealed the main interactions of these inhibitors into the carbonic anhydrase (CA) catalytic site, thus highlighting the relevant role of nonpolar contacts for this class of hCA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Università degli Studi di Messina , Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Buemi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Università degli Studi di Messina , Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Anna Di Fiore
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini- CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Laura De Luca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Università degli Studi di Messina , Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Stefania Ferro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Università degli Studi di Messina , Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, Università di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Roberto Cirilli
- Centro Nazionale Per il Controllo e la Valutazione Dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , V.le Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Daniele Sadutto
- Centro Nazionale Per il Controllo e la Valutazione Dei Farmaci, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , V.le Regina Elena 299, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Alterio
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini- CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini- CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento NEUROFARBA, Università di Firenze , Via Ugo Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Giuseppina De Simone
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini- CNR , Via Mezzocannone 16, I-80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali (CHIBIOFARAM), Università degli Studi di Messina , Viale Annunziata, I-98168 Messina, Italy
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Monti DM, De Simone G, Langella E, Supuran CT, Di Fiore A, Monti SM. Insights into the role of reactive sulfhydryl groups of Carbonic Anhydrase III and VII during oxidative damage. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 32:5-12. [PMID: 27766895 PMCID: PMC6010095 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1225046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) III and VII are two cytosolic isoforms of the α-CA family which catalyze the physiological reaction of carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate and proton. Despite these two enzymes share a 49% sequence identity and present a very similar three-dimensional structure, they show profound differences when comparing the specific activity for CO2 hydration reaction, with CA VII being much more active than CA III. Recently, CA III and CA VII have been proposed to play a new role as scavenger enzymes in cells where oxidative damage occurs. Here, we will examine functional and structural features of these two isoforms giving insights into their newly proposed protective role against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria M Monti
- a Department of Chemical Sciences , University of Naples Federico II , Naples , Italy
| | | | - Emma Langella
- b Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR , Naples , Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- c Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche , Università degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy
| | - Anna Di Fiore
- b Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR , Naples , Italy
| | - Simona M Monti
- b Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, CNR , Naples , Italy
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Lomelino C, McKenna R. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: a review on the progress of patent literature (2011-2016). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2016; 26:947-56. [PMID: 27387065 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2016.1203904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A large area of carbonic anhydrase (CA) research focuses on the inhibition of human CA IX and CA XII, as these isoforms have been designated as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for various cancer types. AREAS COVERED Recently, the majority of CA inhibitor (CAI) patents cover compound design, synthesis, and delivery methods for the treatment of glaucoma and cancer. The analysis of included patents highlights the need for isoform specific inhibitors. This review covers the patents of medically relevant carbonic anhydrase inhibitors between 2011-2016. EXPERT OPINION The improvement of structure-based drug design methods and access to the crystal structures of human CA isoforms have improved inhibitor development. This progress can be observed in relation to the selective inhibition of CA IX for cancer treatments, with one inhibitor in clinical trials. However, the design of nonclassical CAIs is essential to further improve isoform specificity and prevent sulfur allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie Lomelino
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
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Gokcen T, Gulcin I, Ozturk T, Goren AC. A class of sulfonamides as carbonic anhydrase I and II inhibitors. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:180-188. [PMID: 27353698 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1198900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Four groups of novel sulfonamide derivatives: (i) acetoxybenzamide, (ii) triacetoxybenzamide, (iii) hydroxybenzamide and (iv) trihydroxybenzamide, all having thiazole, pyrimidine, pyridine, isoxazole and thiadiazole moieties were prepared and their inhibitory effects were studied on two metalloenzymes, i.e. carbonic anhydrase isozymes (hCA I and II), purified from human erythrocyte cells by Sepharose-4B-l-tyrosine-sulfanilamide affinity chromatography. These enzymes are present in almost all living organisms to catalyse the synthesis of bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) from carbon dioxide and water. The sulfonamide derivatives were found to be active against hCA I and II in the range of 2.62-136.54 and 5.74-210.58 nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taner Gokcen
- a Chemistry Group Laboratories, TUBITAK UME , Gebze , Turkey.,b Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Istanbul Technical University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ilhami Gulcin
- c Department of Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Atatürk University , Erzurum , Turkey , and.,d Fetal Programming of Diseases Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Turan Ozturk
- a Chemistry Group Laboratories, TUBITAK UME , Gebze , Turkey.,b Department of Organic Chemistry , Faculty of Science, Istanbul Technical University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Ahmet C Goren
- a Chemistry Group Laboratories, TUBITAK UME , Gebze , Turkey
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Diaz JRA, Fernández Baldo M, Echeverría G, Baldoni H, Vullo D, Soria DB, Supuran CT, Camí GE. A substituted sulfonamide and its Co (II), Cu (II), and Zn (II) complexes as potential antifungal agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 31:51-62. [PMID: 27232977 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1187143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A sulfonamide 1-tosyl-1-H-benzo(d)imidazol-2-amine (TBZA) and three new complexes of Co(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) have been synthesized. The compounds have been characterized by elemental analyses, FTIR, 1H, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The structure of the TBZA, and its Co(II) and Cu(II) complexes, was determined by X-ray diffraction methods. TBZA and its Co(II) complex crystallize in the triclinic P-1 space group, while the Cu(II) complex crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/c space group. Antifungal activity was screened against eight pathogenic yeasts: Candida albicans (DMic 972576), Candida krusei (DMic 951705), Candida glabrata (DMic 982882), Candida tropicalis (DMic 982884), Candida dubliniensis (DMic 93695), Candida guilliermondii (DMic 021150), Cryptococcus neoformans (ATCC 24067), and Cryptococcus gattii (ATCC MYA-4561). Results on the inhibition of various human (h) CAs, hCA I, II, IV, VII, IX, and XII, and pathogenic beta and gamma CAs are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge R A Diaz
- a INTEQUI (CONICET, CCT-San Luis), Área de Química General e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis , San Luis , Argentina
| | - Martín Fernández Baldo
- b INQUISAL (CONICET, CCT-San Luis), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis , San Luis , Argentina
| | - Gustavo Echeverría
- c LANADI - IFLP (CONICET, CCT-La Plata), Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata , La Plata , Argentina
| | - Héctor Baldoni
- d Instituto de Matemática Aplicada San Luis (IMASL-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de San Luis , San Luis , Argentina
| | - Daniela Vullo
- e Neurofarba Department, University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze) , Italy , and
| | - Delia B Soria
- f CEQUINOR (CONICET, CCT-La Plata), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de la Plata , La Plata , Argentina
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- e Neurofarba Department, University of Florence , Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze) , Italy , and
| | - Gerardo E Camí
- a INTEQUI (CONICET, CCT-San Luis), Área de Química General e Inorgánica, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis , San Luis , Argentina
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Bruno E, Buemi MR, De Luca L, Ferro S, Monforte AM, Supuran CT, Vullo D, De Sarro G, Russo E, Gitto R. In Vivo Evaluation of Selective Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors as Potential Anticonvulsant Agents. ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1812-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Bruno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences (CHIBIOFARAM); University of Messina; Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Maria R. Buemi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences (CHIBIOFARAM); University of Messina; Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Laura De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences (CHIBIOFARAM); University of Messina; Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Stefania Ferro
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences (CHIBIOFARAM); University of Messina; Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Anna-Maria Monforte
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences (CHIBIOFARAM); University of Messina; Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba: Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmaceuticals and Child Health; Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences; University of Florence; 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Neurofarba: Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Pharmaceuticals and Child Health; Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences; University of Florence; 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Florence Italy
| | - Giovambattista De Sarro
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine; University of Catanzaro; Viale Europa Località Germaneto 88100 Catanzaro Italy
| | - Emilio Russo
- Science of Health Department, School of Medicine; University of Catanzaro; Viale Europa Località Germaneto 88100 Catanzaro Italy
| | - Rosaria Gitto
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences (CHIBIOFARAM); University of Messina; Viale Annunziata 98168 Messina Italy
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31
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Karim K, Giribabu N, Muniandy S, Salleh N. Estrogen and progesterone differentially regulate carbonic anhydrase II, III, IX, XII, and XIII in ovariectomized rat uteri. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2015; 62:57-68. [PMID: 26709452 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2015.1112699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the uterus expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) II, III, IX, XII, and XIII were investigated under the influence of sex-steroids in order to elucidate mechanisms underlying differential effects of these hormones on uterine pH. Uteri of ovariectomised rats receiving over three days either vehicle, estrogen, or progesterone or three days estrogen followed by three days either vehicle or progesterone were harvested. Messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels were quantified by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. The distribution of CA isoenzymes proteins were examined by immunohistochemistry. The levels of CAII, III, XII, and XIII mRNAs and proteins were elevated while levels of CAIX mRNA and protein were reduced following progesterone-only and estrogen plus progesterone treatment, compared to the control and estrogen plus vehicle, respectively. Following estrogen treatment, expression of CAII, IX, XII, and CAXIII mRNAs and proteins were reduced, but remained at a level higher than control, except for CAIX, where its level was higher than the control and following progesterone treatment. Under progesterone-only and estrogen plus progesterone influences, high levels of CAII, III, XII, and XIII were observed in uterine lumenal and glandular epithelia and myometrium. However, a high level of CAIX was observed only under the influence of estrogen at the similar locations. In conclusion, high expression of CAII, III, XII, and XIII under the influence of progesterone and estrogen plus progesterone could result in the reduction of uterine tissue and fluid pH; however, the significance of high levels of CAIX expression under the influence of estrogen remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sekaran Muniandy
- b Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine , University of Malaya , Lembah Pantai , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
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32
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Diaz JRA, Camí GE, Liu-González M, Vega DR, Vullo D, Juárez A, Pedregosa JC, Supuran CT. Salts of 5-amino-2-sulfonamide-1,3,4-thiadiazole, a structural and analog of acetazolamide, show interesting carbonic anhydrase inhibitory properties, diuretic, and anticonvulsant action. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:1102-10. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1096270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge R. A. Diaz
- Área De Química General E Inorgánica, Facultad De Química, Bioquímica Y Farmacia, CONICET PIP-6246, Universidad Nacional De San Luis, San Luis, Argentina,
| | - Gerardo Enrique Camí
- Área De Química General E Inorgánica, Facultad De Química, Bioquímica Y Farmacia, CONICET PIP-6246, Universidad Nacional De San Luis, San Luis, Argentina,
| | - Malva Liu-González
- S.C.S.I.E. (Unidad De Rx) – Facultad De Física, Universidad De Valencia, Valencia, Spain,
| | - Daniel R. Vega
- Grupo Materia Condensada, GIyA, GAIyANN, Comisión Nacional De Energía Atómica, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina,
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy, and
| | - Américo Juárez
- Laboratorio De Farmacología, Departamento De Farmacia, Facultad De Química, Bioquímica Y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional De San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - José C. Pedregosa
- Área De Química General E Inorgánica, Facultad De Química, Bioquímica Y Farmacia, CONICET PIP-6246, Universidad Nacional De San Luis, San Luis, Argentina,
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy, and
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Mori M, Cau Y, Vignaroli G, Laurenzana I, Caivano A, Vullo D, Supuran CT, Botta M. Hit Recycling: Discovery of a Potent Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor by in Silico Target Fishing. ACS Chem Biol 2015; 10:1964-9. [PMID: 26121309 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.5b00337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In silico target fishing is an emerging tool in drug discovery, which is mostly used for primary target or off-target prediction and drug repositioning. In this work, we developed an in silico target fishing protocol to identify the primary target of GV2-20, a false-positive hit highlighted in a cell-based screen for 14-3-3 modulators. Although GV2-20 does not bind to 14-3-3 proteins, it showed remarkable antiproliferative effects in CML cells, thus raising interest toward the identification of its primary target. Six potential targets of GV2-20 were prioritized in silico and tested in vitro. Our results show that the molecule is a potent inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase 2 (CA2), thus confirming the predictive capability of our protocol. Most notably, GV2-20 experienced a remarkable selectivity for CA2, CA7, CA9, and CA12, and its scaffold was never explored before as a chemotype for CA inhibition, thus becoming an interesting lead candidate for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Mori
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
- Center
for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, viale Regina Elena 291, I-00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Ylenia Cau
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giulia Vignaroli
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ilaria Laurenzana
- IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico Basilicata (CROB), Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Via Padre Pio 1, Rionero in Vulture 85028 Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonella Caivano
- IRCCS-Centro di Riferimento Oncologico Basilicata (CROB), Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Via Padre Pio 1, Rionero in Vulture 85028 Potenza, Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
- Dipartimento
NEUROFARBA, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Maurizio Botta
- Dipartimento
di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, via Aldo Moro 2, I-53100 Siena, Italy
- Sbarro Institute
for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology,
College of Science and Technology, Temple University, BioLife Science
Building, Suite 333, 1900 N 12th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Design, synthesis and structural characterization of new heteroaryl-N-carbonylbenzenesulfonamides targeting druggable human carbonic anhydrase isoforms. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 102:223-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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35
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Ceruso M, Antel S, Vullo D, Scozzafava A, Supuran CT. Inhibition studies of new ureido-substituted sulfonamides incorporating a GABA moiety against human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I-XIV. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 22:6768-75. [PMID: 25468040 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Reaction of γ-Boc-GABA, prepared by protecting the γ-amino moiety of the amino butyric acid with the tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc) protecting group, with 4-methyl/ethyl benzenesulfonamide, followed by removal of the Boc protecting group in 3 M HCl afforded the corresponding hydrochlorides, which were further derivatized by reaction with a varying of aryl isocyanates to give a new classes of ureido substituted benzenesulfonamide containing a GABA moiety. Inhibition studies of the human carbonic anhydrase(CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms, CA I–XIV with these new compounds revealed that they possess moderate-weak inhibition potency against hCA III, IV, VA, VI and XIII, rather efficient inhibitory power against hCA I, VI, and IX, and excellent inhibition of the physiologically relevant hCA II and VII, as well as of the two tumor-associated isoforms CA IX and XII. The inhibition profile of the new ureido-substituted benzenesulfonamides reported here is thus very different from the corresponding ureido-substituted analogs incorporating sulfanilamide, which were previously investigated as inhibitors of some of these enzymes.
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Capasso C, Supuran CT. Bacterial, fungal and protozoan carbonic anhydrases as drug targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2015; 19:1689-704. [PMID: 26235676 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2015.1067685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1), a group of ubiquitously expressed metalloenzymes, are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes, as well as in the growth and virulence of pathogens belonging to bacteria, fungi and protozoa. AREAS COVERED CAs belonging to at least four genetic families, the α-, β-, γ- and η-CAs, were discovered and characterized in many pathogens: i) Bacteria encode enzymes from one or more such families, which were investigated as potential drug targets. Inhibition of bacterial CAs by sulfonamides/phenol derivatives lead to inhibition of growth of the pathogen for Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Brucella suis; ii) Fungi encode for α- and β-CAs, and inhibitors of the sulfonamide, thiol or dithiocarbamate type inhibited the growth of some of them (Malassezia globosa, Candida albicans, Crytpococcus neoformans, etc) in vivo; and iii) Protozoa encode α-, β- or η-CAs. Sulfonamide, thiols and hydroxamates effectively killed such parasites (Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmania donovani chagasi, Plasmodium falciparum) in vivo. EXPERT OPINION None of the microorganism CAs is validated as drug targets as yet, but the inhibitors designed against many such enzymes showed interesting in vitro/in vivo results. By interfering with the activity of CAs from microorganisms, both pH homeostasis as well as crucial biosynthetic reactions are impaired, which lead to significant antiinfective effects, not yet exploited for obtaining pharmacological agents. As resistance to the clinically used antiinfectives is a serious healthcare problem worldwide, inhibition of parasite CAs may constitute an alternative approach for obtaining such agents with novel mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemente Capasso
- a 1 CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresorces (IBBR) , via P. Castellino, 111, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- b 2 University of Florence, Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Via U. Schiff 6, 5019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
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De Luca V, Vullo D, Del Prete S, Carginale V, Scozzafava A, Osman SM, AlOthman Z, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Cloning, characterization and anion inhibition studies of a new γ-carbonic anhydrase from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4405-4409. [PMID: 26145820 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A new γ-class carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) was cloned, purified and characterized from the Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis, PhaCAγ. The enzyme has a medium-low catalytic activity for the physiologic reaction of CO2 hydration to bicarbonate and protons, with a kcat of 1.4×10(5)s(-1) and a kcat/Km of 1.9×10(6)M(-1)s(-1). An anion inhibition study of PhaCAγ with inorganic anions and small molecule inhibitors is also reported. Many anions present in sea water, such as chloride, fluoride, sulfate, iodide, but also others such as azide, perchlorate and tetrafluoroborate did not inhibit this enzyme. Pseudohalides such as cyanate, thiocyanate, cyanide, selenocyanide, and also bicarbonate, nitrate, nitrite and many complex inorganic anions showed inhibition in the millimolar range (KI in the range of 1.7-9.3mM). The best PhaCAγ inhibitors detected in this study were diethyldithiocarbamate (KI of 0.96 mM) as well as sulfamide, sulfamate, phenylboronic acid and phenylarsonic acid (KI in the range of 82-91 μM). Since γ-CAs are poorly understood at this moment, being present in carboxysomes and thus involved in photosynthesis, this study may be relevant for a better understanding of these processes in Antarctic bacteria/cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana De Luca
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 81, Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 81, Napoli, Italy; Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carginale
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 81, Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Scozzafava
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Sameh M Osman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid AlOthman
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Polo Scientifico, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino 81, Napoli, Italy.
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De Simone G, Monti SM, Alterio V, Buonanno M, De Luca V, Rossi M, Carginale V, Supuran CT, Capasso C, Di Fiore A. Crystal structure of the most catalytically effective carbonic anhydrase enzyme known, SazCA from the thermophilic bacterium Sulfurihydrogenibium azorense. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2002-6. [PMID: 25817590 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two thermostable α-carbonic anhydrases (α-CAs) isolated from thermophilic Sulfurihydrogenibium spp., namely SspCA (from S. yellowstonensis) and SazCA (from S. azorense), were shown in a previous work to possess interesting complementary properties. SspCA was shown to have an exceptional thermal stability, whereas SazCA demonstrated to be the most active α-CA known to date for the CO2 hydration reaction. Here we report the crystallographic structure of SazCA and the identification of the structural features responsible for its high catalytic activity, by comparing it with SspCA structure. These data are of relevance for the design of engineered proteins showing higher stability and catalytic activity than other α-CAs known to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina De Simone
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Alterio
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Martina Buonanno
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy; Seconda Università di Napoli (SUN), 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Viviana De Luca
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse-CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mosè Rossi
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse-CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carginale
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse-CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Rm. 188, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse-CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Di Fiore
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
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De Luca V, Del Prete S, Carginale V, Vullo D, Supuran CT, Capasso C. A failed tentative to design a super carbonic anhydrase having the biochemical properties of the most thermostable CA (SspCA) and the fastest (SazCA) enzymes. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 30:989-94. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2014.1002403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Viviana De Luca
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse , CNR, Napoli, Italy and
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse , CNR, Napoli, Italy and
- DipartimentoNeurofarba, Università degliStudi di Firenze, Sezione di ScienzeFarmaceutiche, and Laboratorio di ChimicaBioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Vullo
- DipartimentoNeurofarba, Università degliStudi di Firenze, Sezione di ScienzeFarmaceutiche, and Laboratorio di ChimicaBioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- DipartimentoNeurofarba, Università degliStudi di Firenze, Sezione di ScienzeFarmaceutiche, and Laboratorio di ChimicaBioinorganica, Polo Scientifico, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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Del Prete S, De Luca V, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Protonography, a technique applicable for the analysis of η-carbonic anhydrase activity. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 30:920-4. [PMID: 25676328 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2014.990963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Protonography, a sodium dodecyl sulfate - polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) technique derived from zymography was recently reported by our group to be an effective, cheap and reproducible technique for evidencing catalytically active α-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms, such as the bovine red blood cell isoform bCA or the bacterial enzyme from Vibrio cholerae, VchCA. CA activity was also observed on the protonogram of a cellular extract of Escherichia coli, evidencing the presence of one or more β-class such enzymes. Here we show that protonography can also be applied to the recently discovered η-CA family using the Plasmodium falciparum enzyme PfCA as an example. The protonogram of PfCA clearly showed catalytically active η-CA with a specific band at 22.0 kDa, which was quite distinct from the band of the red blood cell bovine enzyme bCA, which was observed at 28.8 kDa. The different migration pattern of α- and η-CAs might be a useful tool to detect Plasmodium falciparum in infected human red blood cells by an easy, routine inexpensive technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Del Prete
- a CNR - Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse , Napoli , Italy and.,b Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, and Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico , Università Degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy
| | - Viviana De Luca
- a CNR - Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse , Napoli , Italy and
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- b Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, and Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica, Polo Scientifico , Università Degli Studi di Firenze , Florence , Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- a CNR - Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse , Napoli , Italy and
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Alterio V, Tanc M, Ivanova J, Zalubovskis R, Vozny I, Monti SM, Di Fiore A, De Simone G, Supuran CT. X-ray crystallographic and kinetic investigations of 6-sulfamoyl-saccharin as a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:4064-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02648a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Sulfamoylated saccharin binds to human carbonic anhydrase II through the SO2NH2and not CONHSO2moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Alterio
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR
- 80134 Naples
- Italy
| | - M. Tanc
- Università degli Studi di Firenze
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica
- Rm 188
- and Neurofarba Department
- Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche
| | - J. Ivanova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis
- Riga
- Latvia
| | | | - I. Vozny
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis
- Riga
- Latvia
| | - S. M. Monti
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR
- 80134 Naples
- Italy
| | - A. Di Fiore
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR
- 80134 Naples
- Italy
| | - G. De Simone
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR
- 80134 Naples
- Italy
| | - C. T. Supuran
- Università degli Studi di Firenze
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica
- Rm 188
- and Neurofarba Department
- Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche
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Le Roy N, Jackson DJ, Marie B, Ramos-Silva P, Marin F. The evolution of metazoan α-carbonic anhydrases and their roles in calcium carbonate biomineralization. Front Zool 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/s12983-014-0075-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Capasso C, Supuran CT. An overview of the alpha-, beta- and gamma-carbonic anhydrases from Bacteria: can bacterial carbonic anhydrases shed new light on evolution of bacteria? J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2014; 30:325-32. [PMID: 24766661 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2014.910202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are metalloenzymes which catalyze a simple but physiologically crucial reaction in all life Domains, the carbon dioxide hydration to bicarbonate and protons: CO2 + H2O ⇔ HCO3(-)+ H(+). These enzymes are involved in many physiologic processes, such as photosynthesis, respiration, CO2 transport, as well as metabolism of xenobiotics. Five different, genetically distinct CA families are known to date: the α-, β-, γ-, δ- and ζ-CAs. α-, β- and δ-CAs use Zn(II) ions at the active site, the γ-CAs are probably Fe(II) enzymes (but they are active also with bound Zn(II) or Co(II) ions), whereas the ζ-class uses Cd(II) or Zn(II) to perform the physiologic reaction catalysis. Bacteria encode for enzymes belonging to the α-, β-, and γ-CA classes. They contain zinc ion (Zn(2+)) in their active site, coordinated by three histidine residues and a water molecule/hydroxide ion (in the α and γ) or by two cysteine and one histidine residues (in the β class), with the fourth ligand being a water molecule/hydroxide ion. Here we propose that bacterial CAs can be used as markers for understanding the evolution and genetic variability of the Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We addressed several questions such as: (1) why are α-CAs present only in the genome of Gram-negative bacteria; (2) why are α-CAs not present in all Gram-negative bacteria; (3) why do Bacteria show an intricate pattern of CA gene expression; (4) what are the physiologic roles of such diverse CAs in these prokaryotes. We proposed possible answers to the previous questions. Moreover, we speculated on the evolution of the CA classes (α, β and γ) identified in the Gram-negative and -positive bacteria. Our main hypothesis is that from the ancestral Ur-CA, the γ-class arose first, followed by the β-class; the α-class CAs came last it is found only in the Gram-negative bacteria.
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Abstract
Inhibition of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) has pharmacologic applications in the field of antiglaucoma, anticonvulsant, antiobesity, and anticancer agents but is also emerging for designing anti-infectives (antifungal and antibacterial agents) with a novel mechanism of action. As a consequence, the drug design of CA inhibitors (CAIs) is a very dynamic field. Sulfonamides and their isosteres (sulfamates/sulfamides) constitute the main class of CAIs which bind to the metal ion in the enzyme active site. Recently the dithiocarbamates, possessing a similar mechanism of action, were reported as a new class of inhibitors. Other families of CAIs possess a distinct mechanism of action: phenols, polyamines, some carboxylates, and sulfocoumarins anchor to the zinc-coordinated water molecule. Coumarins and five/six-membered lactones are prodrug inhibitors, binding in hydrolyzed form at the entrance of the active site cavity. Novel drug design strategies have been reported principally based on the tail approach for obtaining all these types of CAIs, which exploit more external binding regions within the enzyme active site (in addition to coordination to the metal ion), leading thus to isoform-selective compounds. Sugar-based tails as well as click chemistry were the most fruitful developments of the tail approach. Promising compounds that inhibit CAs from bacterial and fungal pathogens, of the dithiocarbamate, phenol and carboxylate types have also been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA,
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45
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De Simone G, Alterio V, Supuran CT. Exploiting the hydrophobic and hydrophilic binding sites for designing carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:793-810. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.795145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Aggarwal M, Kondeti B, McKenna R. Insights towards sulfonamide drug specificity in α-carbonic anhydrases. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:1526-33. [PMID: 22985956 PMCID: PMC3593968 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are a group of metalloenzymes that play important roles in carbon metabolism, pH regulation, CO2 fixation in plants, ion transport etc., and are found in all eukaryotic and many microbial organisms. This family of enzymes catalyzes the interconversion of CO2 and HCO3(-). There are at least 16 different CA isoforms in the alpha structural class (α-CAs) that have been isolated in higher vertebrates, with CA isoform II (CA II) being ubiquitously abundant in all human cell types. CA inhibition has been exploited clinically for decades for various classes of diuretics and anti-glaucoma treatment. The characterization of the overexpression of CA isoform IX (CA IX) in certain tumors has raised interest in CA IX as a diagnostic marker and drug target for aggressive cancers and therefore the development of CA IX specific inhibitors. An important goal in the field of CA is to identify, rationalize, and design potential compounds that will preferentially inhibit CA IX over all other isoforms of CA. The variations in the active sites between isoforms of CA are subtle and this causes non-specific CA inhibition which leads to various side effects. In the case of CA IX inhibition, CA II along with other isoforms of CA provide off-target binding sites which is undesirable for cancer treatment. The focus of this article is on CA IX inhibition and two different structural approaches to CA isoform specific drug designing: tail approach and fragment addition approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Aggarwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Medicine, University of Florida 1600 SW Archer Rd, PO Box 100245 Gainesville, FL 32610 United States of America
| | - Bhargav Kondeti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Medicine, University of Florida 1600 SW Archer Rd, PO Box 100245 Gainesville, FL 32610 United States of America
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology College of Medicine, University of Florida 1600 SW Archer Rd, PO Box 100245 Gainesville, FL 32610 United States of America
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Çetinkaya Y, Göçer H, Göksu S, Gülçin İ. Synthesis and carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II inhibitory effects of novel benzylamine derivatives. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2013; 29:168-74. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.763163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Çetinkaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science
- Department of Food Technology, Oltu Vocational School, Atatürk University
ErzurumTurkey
| | - Hülya Göçer
- Central Researching Laboratory, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University
AgriTurkey
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Métayer B, Martin-Mingot A, Vullo D, Supuran CT, Thibaudeau S. Superacid synthesized tertiary benzenesulfonamides and benzofuzed sultams act as selective hCA IX inhibitors: toward understanding a new mode of inhibition by tertiary sulfonamides. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:7540-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41538d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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49
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Métayer B, Mingot A, Vullo D, Supuran CT, Thibaudeau S. New superacid synthesized (fluorinated) tertiary benzenesulfonamides acting as selective hCA IX inhibitors: toward a new mode of carbonic anhydrase inhibition by sulfonamides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6015-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc40858b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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50
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Aggarwal M, Boone CD, Kondeti B, McKenna R. Structural annotation of human carbonic anhydrases. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:267-77. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.737323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Aggarwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Christopher D. Boone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bhargav Kondeti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert McKenna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida,
Gainesville, FL, USA
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