1
|
Maier M, Weiß L, Zeh N, Schmieder-Todtenhaupt V, Dehghani A, Felix MN, Heinzelmann D, Lindner B, Schmidt M, Studts J, Schulz P, Reisinger B, Otte K, Franzreb M, Lakatos D, Fischer S. Illuminating a biologics development challenge: systematic characterization of CHO cell-derived hydrolases identified in monoclonal antibody formulations. MAbs 2024; 16:2375798. [PMID: 38984665 PMCID: PMC11238916 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2024.2375798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and other biological drugs are affected by enzymatic polysorbate (PS) degradation that reduces product stability and jeopardizes the supply of innovative medicines. PS represents a critical surfactant stabilizing the active pharmaceutical ingredients, which are produced by recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. While the list of potential PS-degrading CHO host cell proteins (HCPs) has grown over the years, tangible data on industrially relevant HCPs are still scarce. By means of a highly sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method, we investigated seven different mAb products, resulting in the identification of 12 potentially PS-degrading hydrolases, including the strongly PS-degrading lipoprotein lipase (LPL). Using an LPL knockout CHO host cell line, we were able to stably overexpress and purify the remaining candidate hydrolases through orthogonal affinity chromatography methods, enabling their detailed functional characterization. Applying a PS degradation assay, we found nine mostly secreted, PS-active hydrolases with varying hydrolytic activity. All active hydrolases showed a serine-histidine-aspartate/glutamate catalytical triad. Further, we subjected the active hydrolases to pH-screenings and revealed a diverse range of activity optima, which can facilitate the identification of residual hydrolases during bioprocess development. Ultimately, we compiled our dataset in a risk matrix identifying PAF-AH, LIPA, PPT1, and LPLA2 as highly critical hydrolases based on their cellular expression, detection in purified antibodies, active secretion, and PS degradation activity. With this work, we pave the way toward a comprehensive functional characterization of PS-degrading hydrolases and provide a basis for a future reduction of PS degradation in biopharmaceutical drug products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Maier
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Linus Weiß
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Nikolas Zeh
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | | | - Alireza Dehghani
- Analytical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Marius Nicolaus Felix
- Analytical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Daniel Heinzelmann
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Benjamin Lindner
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Moritz Schmidt
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Joey Studts
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Patrick Schulz
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Bernd Reisinger
- Analytical Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Kerstin Otte
- Institute for Applied Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Biberach, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Matthias Franzreb
- Institute of Functional Interfaces, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel Lakatos
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Simon Fischer
- Bioprocess Development Biologicals, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ki DU, Song WS, Yoon SI. Structural and biochemical analysis of the GDSL-family esterase CJ0610C from Campylobacter jejuni. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 631:124-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.09.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
3
|
Domnauer M, Zheng F, Li L, Zhang Y, Chang CE, Unruh JR, Conkright-Fincham J, McCroskey S, Florens L, Zhang Y, Seidel C, Fong B, Schilling B, Sharma R, Ramanathan A, Si K, Zhou C. Proteome plasticity in response to persistent environmental change. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3294-3309.e12. [PMID: 34293321 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is a variable component of the environment, and all organisms must deal with or adapt to temperature change. Acute temperature change activates cellular stress responses, resulting in refolding or removal of damaged proteins. However, how organisms adapt to long-term temperature change remains largely unexplored. Here we report that budding yeast responds to long-term high temperature challenge by switching from chaperone induction to reduction of temperature-sensitive proteins and re-localizing a portion of its proteome. Surprisingly, we also find that many proteins adopt an alternative conformation. Using Fet3p as an example, we find that the temperature-dependent conformational difference is accompanied by distinct thermostability, subcellular localization, and, importantly, cellular functions. We postulate that, in addition to the known mechanisms of adaptation, conformational plasticity allows some polypeptides to acquire new biophysical properties and functions when environmental change endures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Domnauer
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA; USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90191, USA
| | - Fan Zheng
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Liying Li
- UCSF, 1550 Fourth St, RH490 San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yanxiao Zhang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Catherine E Chang
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Jay R Unruh
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | | | - Scott McCroskey
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Laurence Florens
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Christopher Seidel
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Benjamin Fong
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Birgit Schilling
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA; USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90191, USA
| | - Rishi Sharma
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Arvind Ramanathan
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA; Institute for Stem Cell Science and Regenerative Medicine GKVK, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560065, India
| | - Kausik Si
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, 1000 East 50th Street, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Chuankai Zhou
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd., Novato, CA 94945, USA; USC Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, 3715 McClintock Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90191, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Masuya T, Suzuki M, Tsujimura J, Kanamori S, Miyasaka Y, Ohno T, Murai A, Horio F, Kobayashi M. Ablation of Iah1, a candidate gene for diet-induced fatty liver, does not affect liver lipid accumulation in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233087. [PMID: 32407372 PMCID: PMC7224509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a pathological condition caused by excess triglyceride deposition in the liver. The SMXA-5 severe fatty liver mouse model has been established from the SM/J and A/J strains. To explore the genetic factors involved in fatty liver development in SMXA-5 mice, we had previously performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis, using (SM/J×SMXA-5)F2 intercross mice, and identified Fl1sa on chromosome 12 (centromere-53.06 Mb) as a significant QTL for fatty liver. Furthermore, isoamyl acetate-hydrolyzing esterase 1 homolog (Iah1) was selected as the most likely candidate gene for Fl1sa. Iah1 gene expression in fatty liver-resistant A/J-12SM mice was significantly higher than in fatty liver-susceptible A/J mice. These data indicated that the Iah1 gene might be associated with fatty liver development. However, the function of murine Iah1 remains unknown. Therefore, in this study, we created Iah1 knockout (KO) mice with two different backgrounds [C57BL/6N (B6) and A/J-12SM (A12)] to investigate the relationship between Iah1 and liver lipid accumulation. Liver triglyceride accumulation in Iah1-KO mice of B6 or A12 background did not differ from their respective Iah1-wild type mice under a high-fat diet. These results indicated that loss of Iah1 did not contribute to fatty liver. On the other hands, adipose tissue dysfunction causes lipid accumulation in ectopic tissues (liver, skeletal muscle, and pancreas). To investigate the effect of Iah1 deficiency on white adipose tissue, we performed DNA microarray analysis of epididymal fat in Iah1-KO mice of A12 background. This result showed that Iah1 deficiency might decrease adipokines Sfrp4 and Metrnl gene expression in epididymal fat. This study demonstrated that Iah1 deficiency did not cause liver lipid accumulation and that Iah1 was not a suitable candidate gene for Fl1sa.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomomi Masuya
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Miyako Suzuki
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Junko Tsujimura
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Kanamori
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuki Miyasaka
- Division of Experimental Animals, Center for Promotion of Medical Research and Education, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tamio Ohno
- Division of Experimental Animals, Center for Promotion of Medical Research and Education, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Murai
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Horio
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Misato Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
van Rijswijck IM, Kruis AJ, Wolkers – Rooijackers JC, Abee T, Smid EJ. Acetate-ester hydrolase activity for screening of the variation in acetate ester yield of Cyberlindnera fabianii, Pichia kudriavzevii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
6
|
Zhang Q, Xie H, Chen D, Yu B, Huang Z, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, Luo Y, Luo J, He J. Dietary Daidzein Supplementation During Pregnancy Facilitates Fetal Growth in Rats. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1800921. [PMID: 30365232 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Daidzein, a natural isoflavone with estrogen-like activity, has been implicated in the regulation of reproductive performance in mammals. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved. Here, the effects and potential mechanisms of daidzein supplementation on fetal growth in rats have been explored. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-six pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats are assigned to receive either an AIN-93M diet or an AIN-93M diet supplemented with 50 mg kg-1 daidzein. Blood, placental, and fetus samples were collected on day 15 of gestation. It is shown that daidzein significantly improves the rat reproductive performance, which is associated with a higher fetus number, and the weight of the fetus and placenta (p < 0.05). Daidzein also increases the maternal serum estrogen and leptin concentrations, and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p < 0.05). Notably, the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ)-based proteomics analysis identifies 43 differentially expressed (DE) proteins in the placenta upon daidzein supplementation (p < 0.05). Interestingly, critical proteins involved in amino acid transport and metabolism, embryonic development, ubiquitination processes, and immune responses are upregulated in the daidzein group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results not only indicate a beneficial effect of daidzein supplementation on reproductive performance but also offer potential mechanisms behind daidzein-facilitated fetal growth in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Xie
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China.,Shandong Vocational Animal Science and Veterinary College, Weifang, Shandon, 261061, P. R. China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Ping Zheng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Xiangbing Mao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Junqiu Luo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jun He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Regulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae genetic engineering on the production of acetate esters and higher alcohols during Chinese Baijiu fermentation. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 44:949-960. [PMID: 28176138 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Acetate esters and higher alcohols greatly influence the quality and flavor profiles of Chinese Baijiu (Chinese liquor). Various mutants have been constructed to investigate the interactions of ATF1 overexpression, IAH1 deletion, and BAT2 deletion on the production of acetate esters and higher alcohols. The results showed that the overexpression of ATF1 under the control of the PGK1 promoter with BAT2 and IAH1 double-gene deletion led to a higher production of acetate esters and a lower production of higher alcohols than the overexpression of ATF1 with IAH1 deletion or overexpression of ATF1 with BAT2 deletion. Moreover, deletion of IAH1 in ATF1 overexpression strains effectively increased the production of isobutyl acetate and isoamyl acetate by reducing the hydrolysis of acetate esters. The decline in the production of higher alcohol by the ATF1 overexpression strains with BAT2 deletion is due to the interaction of ATF1 overexpression and BAT2 deletion. Mutants with varying abilities of producing acetate esters and higher alcohols were developed by genetic engineering. These strains have great potential for industrial application.
Collapse
|
8
|
Vujaklija I, Bielen A, Paradžik T, Biđin S, Goldstein P, Vujaklija D. An effective approach for annotation of protein families with low sequence similarity and conserved motifs: identifying GDSL hydrolases across the plant kingdom. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:91. [PMID: 26892257 PMCID: PMC4757993 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-0919-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The massive accumulation of protein sequences arising from the rapid development of high-throughput sequencing, coupled with automatic annotation, results in high levels of incorrect annotations. In this study, we describe an approach to decrease annotation errors of protein families characterized by low overall sequence similarity. The GDSL lipolytic family comprises proteins with multifunctional properties and high potential for pharmaceutical and industrial applications. The number of proteins assigned to this family has increased rapidly over the last few years. In particular, the natural abundance of GDSL enzymes reported recently in plants indicates that they could be a good source of novel GDSL enzymes. We noticed that a significant proportion of annotated sequences lack specific GDSL motif(s) or catalytic residue(s). Here, we applied motif-based sequence analyses to identify enzymes possessing conserved GDSL motifs in selected proteomes across the plant kingdom. Results Motif-based HMM scanning (Viterbi decoding-VD and posterior decoding-PD) and the here described PD/VD protocol were successfully applied on 12 selected plant proteomes to identify sequences with GDSL motifs. A significant number of identified GDSL sequences were novel. Moreover, our scanning approach successfully detected protein sequences lacking at least one of the essential motifs (171/820) annotated by Pfam profile search (PfamA) as GDSL. Based on these analyses we provide a curated list of GDSL enzymes from the selected plants. CLANS clustering and phylogenetic analysis helped us to gain a better insight into the evolutionary relationship of all identified GDSL sequences. Three novel GDSL subfamilies as well as unreported variations in GDSL motifs were discovered in this study. In addition, analyses of selected proteomes showed a remarkable expansion of GDSL enzymes in the lycophyte, Selaginella moellendorffii. Finally, we provide a general motif-HMM scanner which is easily accessible through the graphical user interface (http://compbio.math.hr/). Conclusions Our results show that scanning with a carefully parameterized motif-HMM is an effective approach for annotation of protein families with low sequence similarity and conserved motifs. The results of this study expand current knowledge and provide new insights into the evolution of the large GDSL-lipase family in land plants. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-016-0919-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Vujaklija
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Unska 3, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
| | - Ana Bielen
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierrotijeva 6, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia. .,Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
| | - Tina Paradžik
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
| | - Siniša Biđin
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, Unska 3, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
| | - Pavle Goldstein
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička 30, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
| | - Dušica Vujaklija
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ryu BH, Nguyen DD, Ngo TD, Oh C, Pandian R, Kim KK, Kim TD. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a highly stable novel SGNH hydrolase (Est24) from Sinorhizobium meliloti. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2014; 70:193-5. [PMID: 24637754 PMCID: PMC3936437 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x13033918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The SGNH hydrolase family includes enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of a broad range of substrates. Here, the crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of a novel SGNH hydrolase (Est24) from Sinorhizobium meliloti were performed. Recombinant Est24 protein containing an N-terminal His tag was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Est24 was then crystallized using a solution consisting of 0.2 M ammonium phosphate pH 4.6, 20% polyethylene glycol 3350. X-ray diffraction data were collected to a resolution of 1.45 Å with an R(merge) of 9.4%. The Est24 crystals belonged to space group C2, with unit-cell parameters a = 129.09, b = 88.63, c = 86.15 Å, α = 90.00, β = 114.30, γ = 90.00°. A molecular-replacement solution was obtained using the crystal structure of Mycobacterium smegmatis arylesterase as a template and structure refinement of Est24 is in progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bum Han Ryu
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Duy Duc Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Tri Duc Ngo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsuk Oh
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramesh Pandian
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - T. Doohun Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon 443-749, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Pires EJ, Teixeira JA, Brányik T, Vicente AA. Yeast: the soul of beer's aroma--a review of flavour-active esters and higher alcohols produced by the brewing yeast. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:1937-49. [PMID: 24384752 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5470-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 334] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Among the most important factors influencing beer quality is the presence of well-adjusted amounts of higher alcohols and esters. Thus, a heavy body of literature focuses on these substances and on the parameters influencing their production by the brewing yeast. Additionally, the complex metabolic pathways involved in their synthesis require special attention. More than a century of data, mainly in genetic and proteomic fields, has built up enough information to describe in detail each step in the pathway for the synthesis of higher alcohols and their esters, but there is still place for more. Higher alcohols are formed either by anabolism or catabolism (Ehrlich pathway) of amino acids. Esters are formed by enzymatic condensation of organic acids and alcohols. The current paper reviews the up-to-date knowledge in the pathways involving the synthesis of higher alcohols and esters by brewing yeasts. Fermentation parameters affecting yeast response during biosynthesis of these aromatic substances are also fully reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo J Pires
- IBB - Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Biological Engineering, Universidade do Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Riley LM, Weadge JT, Baker P, Robinson H, Codée JDC, Tipton PA, Ohman DE, Howell PL. Structural and functional characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AlgX: role of AlgX in alginate acetylation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:22299-314. [PMID: 23779107 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.484931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The exopolysaccharide alginate, produced by mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients, undergoes two different chemical modifications as it is synthesized that alter the properties of the polymer and hence the biofilm. One modification, acetylation, causes the cells in the biofilm to adhere better to lung epithelium, form microcolonies, and resist the effects of the host immune system and/or antibiotics. Alginate biosynthesis requires 12 proteins encoded by the algD operon, including AlgX, and although this protein is essential for polymer production, its exact role is unknown. In this study, we present the X-ray crystal structure of AlgX at 2.15 Å resolution. The structure reveals that AlgX is a two-domain protein, with an N-terminal domain with structural homology to members of the SGNH hydrolase superfamily and a C-terminal carbohydrate-binding module. A number of residues in the carbohydrate-binding module form a substrate recognition "pinch point" that we propose aids in alginate binding and orientation. Although the topology of the N-terminal domain deviates from canonical SGNH hydrolases, the residues that constitute the Ser-His-Asp catalytic triad characteristic of this family are structurally conserved. In vivo studies reveal that site-specific mutation of these residues results in non-acetylated alginate. This catalytic triad is also required for acetylesterase activity in vitro. Our data suggest that not only does AlgX protect the polymer as it passages through the periplasm but that it also plays a role in alginate acetylation. Our results provide the first structural insight for a wide group of closely related bacterial polysaccharide acetyltransferases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Riley
- Program in Molecular Structure and Function, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hao X, Chen C, Chen G, Cao B, Chen Q, Lei J. Isolation and characterization of CaMF3, an anther-specific gene in Capsicum annuum L. Genet Mol Biol 2012; 35:810-7. [PMID: 23271943 PMCID: PMC3526090 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572012005000057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work on gene expression analysis based on RNA sequencing identified a variety of differentially expressed cDNA fragments in the genic male sterile-fertile line 114AB of Capsicum annuum L. In this work, we examined the accumulation of one of the transcript-derived fragments (TDFs), CaMF3 (male fertile 3), in the flower buds of a fertile line. The full genomic DNA sequence of CaMF3 was 1,951 bp long and contained 6 exons and 5 introns, with the complete sequence encoding a putative 25.89 kDa protein of 234 amino acids. The predicted protein of CaMF3 shared sequence similarity with members of the isoamyl acetate-hydrolyzing esterase (IAH1) protein family. CaMF3 expression was detected only in flower buds at stages 7 and 8 and in open flowers of a male fertile line; no expression was observed in any organs of a male sterile line. Fine expression analysis revealed that CaMF3 was expressed specifically in anthers of the fertile line. These results suggest that CaMF3 is an anther-specific gene that may be essential for anther or pollen development in C. annuum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Hao
- Department of Biology, Taiyuan Normal University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China. ; College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cordente AG, Curtin CD, Varela C, Pretorius IS. Flavour-active wine yeasts. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:601-18. [PMID: 22940803 PMCID: PMC3466427 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The flavour of fermented beverages such as beer, cider, saké and wine owe much to the primary fermentation yeast used in their production, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Where once the role of yeast in fermented beverage flavour was thought to be limited to a small number of volatile esters and higher alcohols, the discovery that wine yeast release highly potent sulfur compounds from non-volatile precursors found in grapes has driven researchers to look more closely at how choice of yeast can influence wine style. This review explores recent progress towards understanding the range of ‘flavour phenotypes’ that wine yeast exhibit, and how this knowledge has been used to develop novel flavour-active yeasts. In addition, emerging opportunities to augment these phenotypes by engineering yeast to produce so-called grape varietal compounds, such as monoterpenoids, will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio G. Cordente
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, PO Box 197, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Christopher D. Curtin
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, PO Box 197, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Cristian Varela
- The Australian Wine Research Institute, PO Box 197, Glen Osmond, Adelaide, SA 5064 Australia
| | - Isak S. Pretorius
- University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA 5001 Australia
| |
Collapse
|