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Melo-Guímaro S, Cardoso R, Lobo CS, Pereira DA, Varela C, Santos J, P João C, Serpa C, Arnaut LG. Delivery of minoxidil encapsulated in cyclodextrins with photoacoustic waves enhances hair growth. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 202:114390. [PMID: 38950716 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The current pharmacological management of androgenetic alopecia is inconvenient and requires a discipline that patients find difficult to follow. This reduces compliance with treatment and satisfaction with results. It is important to propose treatment regimens that increase patient compliance and reduce adverse effects. This work describes transdermal delivery of minoxidil partially encapsulated in β-cyclodextrin and assisted by photoacoustic waves. Photoacoustic waves transiently increase the permeability of the skin and allow for the delivery of encapsulated minoxidil. A minoxidil gel formulation was developed and the transdermal delivery was studied in vitro in the presence and absence of photoacoustic waves. A 5-min stimulus with photoacoustic waves generated by light-to-pressure transducers increases minoxidil transdermal delivery flux by approximately 3-fold. The flux of a 1% minoxidil formulation promoted by photoacoustic waves is similar to the passive flux of a 2% minoxidil commercial formulation. Release of minoxidil from β-cyclodextrin increases dermal exposure without increasing peak systemic exposure. This promotes hair growth with fewer treatments and reduced adverse effects. In vivo studies using encapsulated minoxidil and photoacoustic waves yielded 86% hair coat recovery (vs. 29% in the control group) and no changes in the blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Melo-Guímaro
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga 2, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; LaserLeap Technologies, Rua Coronel Júlio Veiga Simão, CTCV Edifício B, 3025-307 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Renato Cardoso
- LaserLeap Technologies, Rua Coronel Júlio Veiga Simão, CTCV Edifício B, 3025-307 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catarina S Lobo
- LaserLeap Technologies, Rua Coronel Júlio Veiga Simão, CTCV Edifício B, 3025-307 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Diogo A Pereira
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga 2, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Varela
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga 2, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Santos
- LaserLeap Technologies, Rua Coronel Júlio Veiga Simão, CTCV Edifício B, 3025-307 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Celso P João
- LaserLeap Technologies, Rua Coronel Júlio Veiga Simão, CTCV Edifício B, 3025-307 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Serpa
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga 2, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; LaserLeap Technologies, Rua Coronel Júlio Veiga Simão, CTCV Edifício B, 3025-307 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís G Arnaut
- CQC-IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Rua Larga 2, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal; LaserLeap Technologies, Rua Coronel Júlio Veiga Simão, CTCV Edifício B, 3025-307 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Maqoud F, Zizzo N, Attimonelli M, Tinelli A, Passantino G, Antonacci M, Ranieri G, Tricarico D. Immunohistochemical, pharmacovigilance, and omics analyses reveal the involvement of ATP-sensitive K + channel subunits in cancers: role in drug-disease interactions. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1115543. [PMID: 37180726 PMCID: PMC10167295 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1115543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: ATP-sensitive-K+ channels (KATP) are involved in diseases, but their role in cancer is poorly described. Pituitary macroadenoma has been observed in Cantu' syndrome (C.S.), which is associated with the gain-of-function mutations of the ABCC9 and KCNJ8 genes. We tested the role of the ABCC8/Sur1, ABCC9/Sur2A/B, KCNJ11/Kir6.2, and KCNJ8/Kir6.1 genes experimentally in a minoxidil-induced renal tumor in male rats and in the female canine breast cancer, a spontaneous animal model of disease, and in the pharmacovigilance and omics databases. Methods: We performed biopsies from renal tissues of male rats (N = 5) following a sub-chronic high dosing topical administration of minoxidil (0.777-77.7 mg/kg/day) and from breast tissues of female dogs for diagnosis (N = 23) that were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Pharmacovigilance and omics data were extracted from EudraVigilance and omics databases, respectively. Results: An elevated immunohistochemical reactivity to Sur2A-mAb was detected in the cytosol of the Ki67+/G3 cells other than in the surface membrane in the minoxidil-induced renal tumor and the breast tumor samples. KCNJ11, KCNJ8, and ABCC9 genes are upregulated in cancers but ABCC8 is downregulated. The Kir6.2-Sur2A/B-channel opener minoxidil showed 23 case reports of breast cancer and one case of ovarian cancer in line with omics data reporting, respectively, and the negative and positive prognostic roles of the ABCC9 gene in these cancers. Sulfonylureas and glinides blocking the pancreatic Kir6.2-Sur1 subunits showed a higher risk for pancreatic cancer in line with the positive prognostic role of the ABCC8 gene but low risks for common cancers. Glibenclamide, repaglinide, and glimepiride show a lower cancer risk within the KATP channel blockers. The Kir6.2-Sur1 opener diazoxide shows no cancer reactions. Conclusion: An elevated expression of the Sur2A subunit was found in proliferating cells in two animal models of cancer. Immunohistochemistry/omics/pharmacovigilance data reveal the role of the Kir6.1/2-Sur2A/B subunits as a drug target in breast/renal cancers and in C.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Maqoud
- Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Group, National Institute of Gastroenterology Saverio de Bellis, I.R.C.C.S. Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Italy
| | - Marcella Attimonelli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University "Aldo Moro" Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Tinelli
- Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Passantino
- Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Italy
| | - Marina Antonacci
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Department of Interventional Radiology and Integrated Medical Oncology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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Scala R, Maqoud F, McClenaghan C, Harter TM, Perrone MG, Scilimati A, Nichols CG, Tricarico D. Zoledronic Acid Blocks Overactive Kir6.1/SUR2-Dependent K ATP Channels in Skeletal Muscle and Osteoblasts in a Murine Model of Cantú Syndrome. Cells 2023; 12:928. [PMID: 36980269 PMCID: PMC10047381 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cantú syndrome (CS) is caused by the gain of function mutations in the ABCC9 and KCNJ8 genes encoding, respectively, for the sulfonylureas receptor type 2 (SUR2) and the inwardly rectifier potassium channel 6.1 (Kir6.1) of the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. CS is a multi-organ condition with a cardiovascular phenotype, neuromuscular symptoms, and skeletal malformations. Glibenclamide has been proposed for use in CS, but even in animals, the drug is incompletely effective against severe mutations, including the Kir6.1wt/V65M. Patch-clamp experiments showed that zoledronic acid (ZOL) fully reduced the whole-cell KATP currents in bone calvaria cells from wild type (WT/WT) and heterozygous Kir6.1wt/V65MCS mice, with IC50 for ZOL block < 1 nM in each case. ZOL fully reduced KATP current in excised patches in skeletal muscle fibers in WT/WT and CS mice, with IC50 of 100 nM in each case. Interestingly, KATP currents in the bone of heterozygous SUR2wt/A478V mice were less sensitive to ZOL inhibition, showing an IC50 of ~500 nM and a slope of ~0.3. In homozygous SUR2A478V/A478V cells, ZOL failed to fully inhibit the KATP currents, causing only ~35% inhibition at 100 μM, but was responsive to glibenclamide. ZOL reduced the KATP currents in Kir6.1wt/VMCS mice in both skeletal muscle and bone cells but was not effective in the SUR2[A478V] mice fibers. These data indicate a subunit specificity of ZOL action that is important for appropriate CS therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Scala
- Sections of Pharmacology, Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Fatima Maqoud
- Sections of Pharmacology, Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Conor McClenaghan
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA
| | - Theresa M. Harter
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA
| | - Maria Grazia Perrone
- Sections of Pharmacology, Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Scilimati
- Sections of Pharmacology, Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Colin G. Nichols
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Sections of Pharmacology, Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy—Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Scala R, Maqoud F, Zizzo N, Passantino G, Mele A, Camerino GM, McClenaghan C, Harter TM, Nichols CG, Tricarico D. Consequences of SUR2[A478V] Mutation in Skeletal Muscle of Murine Model of Cantu Syndrome. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071791. [PMID: 34359961 PMCID: PMC8307364 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Cantu syndrome (CS) arises from gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the ABCC9 and KCNJ8 genes, which encode ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel subunits SUR2 and Kir6.1, respectively. Most CS patients have mutations in SUR2, the major component of skeletal muscle KATP, but the consequences of SUR2 GOF in skeletal muscle are unknown. (2) Methods: We performed in vivo and ex vivo characterization of skeletal muscle in heterozygous SUR2[A478V] (SUR2wt/AV) and homozygous SUR2[A478V] (SUR2AV/AV) CS mice. (3) Results: In SUR2wt/AV and SUR2AV/AV mice, forelimb strength and diaphragm amplitude movement were reduced; muscle echodensity was enhanced. KATP channel currents recorded in Flexor digitorum brevis fibers showed reduced MgATP-sensitivity in SUR2wt/AV, dramatically so in SUR2AV/AV mice; IC50 for MgATP inhibition of KATP currents were 1.9 ± 0.5 × 10−5 M in SUR2wt/AV and 8.6 ± 0.4 × 10−6 M in WT mice and was not measurable in SUR2AV/AV. A slight rightward shift of sensitivity to inhibition by glibenclamide was detected in SUR2AV/AV mice. Histopathological and qPCR analysis revealed atrophy of soleus and tibialis anterior muscles and up-regulation of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA in CS mice. (4) Conclusions: SUR2[A478V] “knock-in” mutation in mice impairs KATP channel modulation by MgATP, markedly so in SUR2AV/AV, with atrophy and non-inflammatory edema in different skeletal muscle phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Scala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.S.); (F.M.); (A.M.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Fatima Maqoud
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.S.); (F.M.); (A.M.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (N.Z.); (G.P.)
| | - Giuseppe Passantino
- Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy; (N.Z.); (G.P.)
| | - Antonietta Mele
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.S.); (F.M.); (A.M.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Giulia Maria Camerino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.S.); (F.M.); (A.M.); (G.M.C.)
| | - Conor McClenaghan
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA; (C.M.); (T.M.H.); (C.G.N.)
| | - Theresa M. Harter
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA; (C.M.); (T.M.H.); (C.G.N.)
| | - Colin G. Nichols
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010, USA; (C.M.); (T.M.H.); (C.G.N.)
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70125 Bari, Italy; (R.S.); (F.M.); (A.M.); (G.M.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Scala R, Maqoud F, Zizzo N, Mele A, Camerino GM, Zito FA, Ranieri G, McClenaghan C, Harter TM, Nichols CG, Tricarico D. Pathophysiological Consequences of KATP Channel Overactivity and Pharmacological Response to Glibenclamide in Skeletal Muscle of a Murine Model of Cantù Syndrome. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:604885. [PMID: 33329006 PMCID: PMC7734337 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.604885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cantù syndrome (CS) arises from mutations in ABCC9 and KCNJ8 genes that lead to gain of function (GOF) of ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels containing SUR2A and Kir6.1 subunits, respectively, of KATP channels. Pathological consequences of CS have been reported for cardiac and smooth muscle cells but consequences in skeletal muscle are unknown. Children with CS show muscle hypotonia and adult manifest fatigability. We analyzed muscle properties of Kir6.1[V65M] CS mice, by measurements of forelimb strength and ultrasonography of hind-limb muscles, as well as assessing KATP channel properties in native Flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) and Soleus (SOL) fibers by the patch-clamp technique in parallel with histopathological, immunohistochemical and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) analysis. Forelimb strength was lower in Kir6.1wt/VM mice than in WT mice. Also, a significant enhancement of echodensity was observed in hind-limb muscles of Kir6.1wt/VM mice relative to WT, suggesting the presence of fibrous tissue. There was a higher KATP channel current amplitude in Kir6.1wt/VM FDB fibers relative to WT and a reduced response to glibenclamide. The IC50 of glibenclamide to block KATP channels in FDB fibers was 1.3 ± 0.2 × 10−7 M in WT and 1.2 ± 0.1 × 10−6 M in Kir6.1wt/VM mice, respectively; and it was 1.2 ± 0.4 × 10−7 M in SOL WT fibers but not measurable in Kir6.1wt/VM fibers. The sensitivity of the KATP channel to MgATP was not modified in Kir6.1wt/VM fibers. Histopathological/immunohistochemical analysis of SOL revealed degeneration plus regressive-necrotic lesions with regeneration, and up-regulation of Atrogin-1, MuRF1, and BNIP3 mRNA/proteins in Kir6.1wt/VM mice. Kir6.1wt/VM mutation in skeletal muscle leads to changes of the KATP channel response to glibenclamide in FDB and SOL fibers, and it is associated with histopathological and gene expression changes in slow-twitch muscle, suggesting marked atrophy and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Scala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Fatima Maqoud
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Zizzo
- Section of Veterinary Pathology and Comparative Oncology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Valenzano, Italy
| | - Antonietta Mele
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Camerino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Alfredo Zito
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Pathology National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Girolamo Ranieri
- Interventional and Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Pathology National Cancer Research Centre, IRCCS Istituto Tumori Giovanni Paolo II, Bari, Italy
| | - Conor McClenaghan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Theresa M Harter
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Colin G Nichols
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, and Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Domenico Tricarico
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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