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Hayes CC, Schal C. Repellency of N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) during host-seeking behavior of bed bugs (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) in binary choice olfactometer assays. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 61:1016-1025. [PMID: 38839102 PMCID: PMC11239792 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjae073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The bed bug (Cimex lectularius L.) is one of the most prolific and burdensome indoor pests, and suppression of bed bug populations is a global priority. Understanding bed bug behavior is important to the development of new tactics for their control. Major gaps exist in our understanding of how host cues, insecticide resistance, and exposure modality impact the repellency of formulated products to bed bugs. Here, we validate the use of a binary choice olfactometer for assessing bed bug repellency behaviors using N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) in a dose-dependent manner, while considering the role of host-associated stimuli (with vs. without CO2), exposure modality (olfactory vs. olfactory and contact), and resistance status (susceptible vs. resistant) on repellency. We observed that host-seeking insecticide-susceptible bed bugs were repelled only when olfactorily exposed to high concentrations of DEET. However, exposure to DEET by contact repelled insecticide-susceptible bed bugs at 100-fold lower dose of DEET. Further, we demonstrate for the first time that insecticide-resistant bed bugs were significantly more responsive to DEET than susceptible bed bugs. We conclude that the 2-choice olfactometer is an effective tool for assessing the behavioral responses of bed bugs to spatial and contact repellents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Hayes
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Coby Schal
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Zhu JJ, Wang HJ. Semiochemicals and natural repellents in biting fly management. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2024; 64:101223. [PMID: 38908821 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2024.101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Biting flies, including stable flies and horn flies, are considered important pests of livestock, companion animals, and humans by inflicting painful bites and interrupting normal animal behavior and human recreational/outdoor activities. It is estimated that they cause an annual loss of over 3 billion dollars in the US livestock industry. Both groups of pest flies further transmit various infectious diseases to animals and humans. The present review summarizes recent research advancements in stable and horn fly chemical and sensory ecology, especially in the discovery of novel attractants and repellents, as well as their controls for these blood-sucking flies and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei J Zhu
- USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
| | - Haichuan J Wang
- USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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3
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Fatima T, Fatima Z, Hameed S. Abrogation of efflux pump activity, biofilm formation, and immune escape by candidacidal geraniol in emerging superbug, Candida auris. Int Microbiol 2023; 26:881-891. [PMID: 36847907 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade, Candida auris emerged as a threatening human fungal pathogen that notably caused outbreaks around the globe with high mortality. Considering C. auris species as newly discovered fungi, the evolutionary features remain elusive. The antifungal resistance which is a norm in C. auris underlines the need for innovative therapeutic options. ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) superfamily efflux pumps overexpression and biofilms are known to be major contributors to multidrug resistance (MDR) in C. auris. Therefore, herein, we investigated the antifungal potential of geraniol (Ger) as a promising natural compound in the fight against MDR C. auris. Our experiments proved that Ger was fungicidal in nature and impaired rhodamine 6G (R6G) efflux, confirming the specific effect on ABC transporters. Kinetic studies unravelled the competitive mode of inhibition by Ger for R6G efflux since the apparent Km increased with no change in Vmax value. Mechanistic insights also revealed that Ger depleted ergosterol content in C. auris. Furthermore, Ger led to inhibition in biofilm formation as evident from crystal violet staining, biofilm metabolic and biomass measurements. Additionally, enhanced survival of Caenorhabditis elegans model after C. auris infection demonstrated the in vivo efficacy of Ger. Lastly, the in vivo efficacy was confirmed from a THP-1 cell line model which depicted enhanced macrophage-mediated killing in the presence of Ger. Modulation of C. auris efflux pump activity and biofilm formation by Ger represents a promising approach to combat MDR. Together, this study demonstrated the potential therapeutic insights of Ger as a promising addition to the antifungal armamentarium required to treat emerging and resistant C. auris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tazeen Fatima
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram (Manesar), - 122413, India
| | - Zeeshan Fatima
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram (Manesar), - 122413, India.
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, - 61922, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saif Hameed
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Gurugram (Manesar), - 122413, India.
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Lehmann AT, Brewer GJ, Boxler DJ, Zhu JJ, Hanford K, Taylor D, Kenar JA, Cermak SC, Hogsette JA. A push-pull strategy to suppress stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) attacks on pasture cattle via a coconut oil fatty acid repellent formulation and traps with m-cresol lures. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023. [PMID: 36966475 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stable flies [Stomoxys calcitrans (L.)] are economically important pests of cattle and other livestock. As an alternative to conventional insecticides, we tested a push-pull management strategy using a coconut oil fatty acid repellent formulation and an attractant-added stable fly trap. RESULTS In our field trials we found that weekly applications of a push-pull strategy can reduce stable fly populations on cattle as well as a standard insecticide (permethrin). We also found that the efficacy periods of the push-pull and permethrin treatments following on-animal application were equivalent. Traps with an attractant lure used as the pull component of the push-pull strategy captured sufficient numbers of stable flies to reduce on-animal numbers by an estimated 17-21%. CONCLUSIONS This is the first proof-of-concept field trial demonstrating the effectiveness of a push-pull strategy using a coconut oil fatty acid-based repellent formulation and traps with an attractant lure to manage stable flies on pasture cattle. Also notable is that the push-pull strategy had an efficacy period equivalent to that of a standard, conventional insecticide under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary J Brewer
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - David J Boxler
- West Central Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska, North Platte, NE, USA
| | - Junwei J Zhu
- Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Kathryn Hanford
- Department of Statistics, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - David Taylor
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - James A Kenar
- Functional Foods Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Steven C Cermak
- Bio-Oils Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Jerome A Hogsette
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA
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5
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Ramadan GRM, Zhu KY, Phillips TW. Synergism of deltamethrin with a mixture of short chain fatty acids for toxicity against pyrethroid-resistant and susceptible strains of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 184:105132. [PMID: 35715070 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin is one of the most effective pyrethroid compounds used in stored product protection to control a wide range of pests. However, the development of resistance to deltamethrin in many pest species has been reported and useful research to overcome this problem is required. The present study investigated the possible synergistic effect of a commercial formulation of a mixture of the short chain fatty acids, octanoic, nonanoic and decanoic acid, in a formulation called "C8910" on the lethal activity of deltamethrin against susceptible (Lab-S) and relatively pyrethroid-resistant (Pyr-R) strains of T. castaneum. The possible mechanisms of synergism were studied by investigating the inhibitory effect of C8910 on the activity of detoxification enzymes including cytochrome P450s, esterases, and glutathione S-transferases (GST). In addition, the possible role of C8910 in enhancement of cuticular penetration of deltamethrin through insect cuticle was studied using GC analysis. The results showed that C8910 enhanced the toxicity of deltamethrin at mixing ratios of 1:5 and 1:10 against the Lab-S strain after 24 and 48 h of exposure, and synergistic factors (SF) ranged between 5.69 and 13.59. C8910 also showed greater synergism on the deltamethrin toxicity against the resistant strain than the susceptible one after 24 and 48 h of treatment at 1:5 and 1:10 ratios with SF values ranging from 22.82 and 47.16. C8910 showed strong inhibition of cytochrome P450 of rat microsomal fraction with IC50 value of 6.24 mM. Meanwhile, C8910 inhibited the activity of general esterases in Lab-S and Pyr-R strains with IC50 values of 26.22 and 51.73 mM, respectively. However, weak inhibition of GST activity was observed with inhibition of 52.0 and 22.6% at concentration of 100 mM of C8910 for Lab-S and Pyr-R, respectively. In addition, the results showed no significant difference between the unpenetrated amounts of deltamethrin when insects were treated with deltamethrin alone or with deltamethrin+C8910 (1:20) through the insect cuticle. Results suggested that the synergism between C8910 and deltamethrin could be related to the ability of C8910 to inhibit the detoxification enzymes such as cytochrome P450 and esterases. Therefore, C8910 could be a promising synergist to enhance deltamethrin toxicity and to be a possible natural alternative for conventional synergists such as piperonyl butoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gomaa R M Ramadan
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 6506, USA; Department of Pesticide Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, 21545-El-Shatby, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 6506, USA
| | - Thomas W Phillips
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 6506, USA.
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Kobenan KC, Ochou GEC, Kouadio IS, Kouakou M, Bini KKN, Ceylan R, Zengin G, Boka NRK, Ochou OG. Chemical composition, antioxidant activity, cholinesterase inhibitor and in vitro insecticidal potentiality of essential oils of Lippiamultiflora Moldenke and Eucalyptusglobulus Labill. on the main carpophagous pests of cotton plant in Ivory Coast. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202100993. [PMID: 35108453 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Since the abusive and repeated use of synthetic insecticides have prove to be harmful to human health and to the viability of the cotton production system in Ivory Coast, finding alternatives safely biopesticide becomes imperative. Thus, the objective of this study was to study the chemical composition and biological activity of essential oils of Lippia multiflora (Verbenaceae) and Eucalyptus globulus (Myrtaceae) and to evaluate their insecticidal potential in the laboratory on three main pests of cotton. After essential oils extraction, their chemical composition was determined. Also, antioxidant activity and cholinesterase inhibitor of essential oils were evaluated. After that, different concentrations of the two essential oils were prepared and applied by contact on groups of insects constituted by ten. The essential oil of L. multiflora was the most toxic for the three pests tested. Indeed, the lethal concentrations (LC 50 ) were 1.74 %, 1.39 and 7.20 % respectively on Pectinophora gossypiella , Thaumatotibia leucotreta and Helicoverpa armigera . In contrast, the values obtained with E. globulus essential oil were nine to two times greater (16.05 %, 10.23 % and 16.32 % respectively on these pests). With respect to the chemical composition of the essential oils, E. globulus essential oil was the richest in oxygenated monoterpenes (65 %) with 1,8-cineole or eucalyptol as the majority compound (61.6 %). The essential oil of L. multiflora was distinguished by a lower proportion of oxygenated monoterpenes (44.3 %), but it contained more terpene elements (24 vs 15 for the essential oil of E. globulus ). The essential oils of L. multiflora and E. globulus also showed significant inhibition of acetyl (2.13 and 2.16 mg galanthamine equivalent (GALAE)/g, respectively) and butyryl cholinesterase (4.03 and 3.61 mg GALAE, respectively). L. multiflora was differentiated by its good inactivation of tyrosinases (163.46 versus 58.95 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g in E. globulus ). Better antioxidant activity was observed with L. multiflora essential oil relative to DPPH (7.05±0.34 mg trolox equivalent (TE)/g). Biopesticides based on L. multiflora essential oil could be developed for the phytosanitary protection of cotton plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Malanno Kouakou
- Cotton Research Institute, entomology, Bouake, Bouake, COTE D'IVOIRE
| | | | - Ramazan Ceylan
- Selçuk Üniversitesi: Selcuk Universitesi, Biology, campus, konya, TURKEY
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Selcuk Universitesi, biology, campus, 42250, Konya, TURKEY
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Espinoza J, Medina C, Aniñir W, Escobar-Bahamondes P, Ungerfeld E, Urzúa A, Quiroz A. Insecticidal, Repellent and Antifeedant Activity of Essential Oils from Blepharocalyx cruckshanksii (Hook. & Arn.) Nied. Leaves and Pilgerodendron uviferum (D. Don) Florin Heartwood against Horn Flies, Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae). Molecules 2021; 26:6936. [PMID: 34834029 PMCID: PMC8621377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematobia irritans is a cosmopolitan obligate blood-feeding ectoparasite of cattle and is the major global pest of livestock production. Currently, H. irritans management is largely dependent on broad-spectrum pesticides, which has led to the development of insecticide resistance. Thus, alternative control methods are needed. Essential oils have been studied as an alternative due to their wide spectrum of biological activities against insects. Thus, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the insecticidal, repellent and antifeedant activity of the essential oils from Blepharocalyx cruckshanksii leaves and Pilgerodendron uviferum heartwood against horn flies in laboratory conditions. The composition of the essential oils was analyzed using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Accordingly, α-pinene (36.50%) and limonene (20.50%) were the principal components of the B. cruckchanksii essential oil, and δ-cadinol (24.16%), cubenol (22.64%), 15-copaenol (15.46%) and δ-cadinene (10.81%) were the most abundant compounds in the P. uviferum essential oil. Mortality of flies and feeding behavior were evaluated by non-choice tests, and olfactory response was evaluated using a Y-tube olfactometer. Both essential oils were toxic to horn flies, with LC50 values for B. cruckchanksii essential oil of 3.58 µL L-1 air at 4 h, and for P. uviferum essential oil of 9.41 µL L-1 air and 1.02 µL L-1 air at 1 and 4 h, respectively. Moreover, the essential oils exhibited spatial repellency in the olfactometer using only 10 µg of each oil, and these significantly reduced the horn fly feeding at all doses evaluated. Although further laboratory and field studies related to the insectistatic and insecticide properties of these essential oils against H. irritans are necessary, B. cruckshanksii leaves and P. uviferum heartwood essential oils are promising candidates for horn fly management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.M.); (W.A.)
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Cristian Medina
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.M.); (W.A.)
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Washington Aniñir
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.M.); (W.A.)
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile
- Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Paul Escobar-Bahamondes
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Vilcún, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Región de La Araucanía, Temuco 7500502, Chile; (P.E.-B.); (E.U.)
| | - Emilio Ungerfeld
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Vilcún, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), Región de La Araucanía, Temuco 7500502, Chile; (P.E.-B.); (E.U.)
| | - Alejandro Urzúa
- Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
| | - Andrés Quiroz
- Laboratorio de Ecología Química, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (C.M.); (W.A.)
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio Ambiente (CIBAMA), Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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8
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Antifeedant Effects and Repellent Activity of Loline Alkaloids from Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue against Horn Flies, Haematobia irritans (Diptera: Muscidae). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040817. [PMID: 33557353 PMCID: PMC7915221 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Haematobia irritans is an obligate bloodsucking ectoparasite of cattle and is the global major pest of livestock production. Currently, H. irritans management is largely dependent upon broad-spectrum pesticides, which lately has led to the development of insecticide resistance. Thus, alternative control methods are necessary. Endophyte-infected grasses have been studied as an alternative due to their capability to biosynthesize alkaloids associated with anti-insect activities. Thus, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the antifeedant and repellent activity of lolines obtained from endophyte-infected tall fescue against H. irritans adults in laboratory conditions. The alkaloid extract (ALKE) was obtained by acid–base extraction. N-formyl loline (NFL) and N-acetyl loline (NAL) were isolated by preparative thin layer chromatography (pTLC) and column chromatography (CC), and the loline was prepared by acid hydrolysis of a NFL/NAL mixture. Loline identification was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Feeding behavior was evaluated by a non-choice test, and olfactory response was evaluated using a Y-tube olfactometer. Accordingly, all samples showed antifeedant activities. NFL was the most antifeedant compound at 0.5 µg/µL and 1.0 µg/µL, and it was statistically equal to NAL but different to loline; however, NAL was not statistically different to loline. NFL and NAL at 0.25 µg/µL were more active than loline. All samples except loline exhibited spatial repellency in the olfactometer. Thus, the little or non-adverse effects for cattle and beneficial activities of those lolines make them suitable candidates for horn fly management.
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Smythe BG, Zepeda R, Hogsette J. Establishing a Method to Evaluate the Efficacy of Compounds Aimed at Repelling Horn Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) Infestations on Cattle in a Laboratory Setting. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:3011-3016. [PMID: 32964237 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Use of nonpesticidal chemicals to minimize or eliminate horn fly (Haematobia irritans) populations on cattle could be helpful in combating insecticide resistance. One recent approach is the use of natural products with repellent properties against the target pest. A rapid on-animal evaluation system that accounts for both host and pest interactions and bypasses the need for costly multiyear field assessments is needed. The objective of this study was to develop a system to quantify product repellency of horn flies on cattle in a laboratory setting. Animal pair treatment groups were utilized to assess product efficacy and carrier effects across three experimental trials. A treatment solution consisting of 3% geraniol in mineral oil was the natural product repellent. Horn fly populations on animal pairs receiving the geraniol treatment were significantly reduced when compared with untreated animal pairs. However, animal pairs receiving a mineral oil-only treatment showed reduced horn fly populations similar to animals treated with mineral oil plus geraniol. Thus, there was a strong carrier effect that could be difficult to distinguish in the field but was easily observed using laboratory methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon G Smythe
- Center for Animal Health & Food Safety, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| | - Ramon Zepeda
- Center for Animal Health & Food Safety, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| | - Jerome Hogsette
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL
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10
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Olafson PU, Saski CA. Chemosensory-Related Gene Family Members of the Horn Fly, Haematobia irritans irritans (Diptera: Muscidae), Identified by Transcriptome Analysis. INSECTS 2020; 11:E816. [PMID: 33228086 PMCID: PMC7699325 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Horn flies are one of the most significant economic pests of cattle in the United States and worldwide. Chemical control methods have been routinely utilized to reduce populations of this pest, but the steady development of insecticide resistance has prompted evaluation of alternative control strategies. Behavior modifying compounds from natural products have shown some success in impacting horn fly populations, and a more thorough understanding of the horn fly chemosensory system would enable improvements in the development of species-specific compounds. Using an RNA-seq approach, we assembled a transcriptome representing genes expressed in adult female and male horn fly head appendages (antennae, maxillary palps, and proboscides) and adult fly bodies from which heads were removed. Differential gene expression analysis identified chemosensory gene family members that were enriched in head appendage tissues compared with headless bodies. Candidate members included 43 odorant binding proteins (OBP) and 5 chemosensory binding proteins (CSP), as well as 44 odorant receptors (OR), 27 gustatory receptors (GR), and 34 ionotropic receptors (IR). Sex-biased expression of these genes was not observed. These findings provide a resource to enable future studies targeting horn fly chemosensation as part of an integrated strategy to control this blood-feeding pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Untalan Olafson
- Knipling-Bushland US Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA
| | - Christopher A. Saski
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
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11
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Tuorinsky EV, Machtinger ET. Behavioral Inhibition of the House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) When Exposed to Commercial Equine Fly Repellents. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 113:518-526. [PMID: 31560398 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toz243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
House flies can have negative consequences on the welfare of horses and other equids. Fly repellents in the form of on-animal sprays, wipes, or spot-ons are the most commonly used fly control method for horses. Many products are available, but repellent efficacy and duration of effectiveness may influence repellent choice by horse owners. A better understanding of the efficacy of common fly repellent products will help guide repellent selection to reduce fly pressure on horses. To evaluate commercially available repellents, house fly behavioral inhibition after application of three products marketed as natural (Ecovet, Equiderma, and Outsmart) and four with synthetic pyrethroids as active ingredients (Bronco, Endure, UltraShield, and Optiforce) was compared at 100, 50, and 25% concentration and at 15, 30, 60, 240, 1,440, and 2,880 min. Time and product were significant at all tested concentrations. The natural products performed as well as or better than the synthetic products at all dilutions and times. Ecovet in particular retained over 75% inhibition of flies for >1 d at the 100 and 50% concentrations. Differences were seen among products with pyrethroids, suggesting that formulation differences significantly affect efficacy. Cost and application suggestions are discussed, and these results will aid horse owners in selecting fly repellents to meet their individual needs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika T Machtinger
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, 4 Chemical Ecology Laboratory, University Park, PA
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Roh GH, Zhou X, Wang Y, Cermak SC, Kenar JA, Lehmann A, Han B, Taylor DB, Zeng X, Park CG, Brewer GJ, Zhu JJ. Spatial repellency, antifeedant activity and toxicity of three medium chain fatty acids and their methyl esters of coconut fatty acid against stable flies. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:405-414. [PMID: 31381253 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stable flies are one of the most detrimental arthropod pests to livestock. With changing climates and agronomic practices, they expand their roles as pests and disease vectors as well. Their painful bites reduce livestock productivity, annoy companion animals, and interfere with human recreational activities. Current management technologies are unable to effectively control stable flies. The present study reports new results concerning the contact, spatial repellency, and toxicity of a bio-based product, coconut fatty acid and their methyl ester derivatives of free fatty acids of C8:0 , C10:0 and C12:0 to stable flies. RESULTS Three medium chain fatty acid methyl esters (C8:0 , C10:0 and C12:0 ) showed strong antifeedant activity against stable flies and their strengths were dose-dependent. Only the C8:0 acid, C8:0 - and C10:0 methyl esters elicited significant antennal responses. Laboratory single cage olfactometer bioassays revealed that coconut fatty acid and C8:0 methyl ester displayed active spatial repellency. All three methyl esters showed strong toxicity against stable flies. CONCLUSION Antifeedant activity is the main method through which coconut fatty acid deters stable fly blood-feeding. The C8:0 , C10:0 and C12:0 methyl esters act not only as strong antifeedants, but also possess strong toxicity against stable fly adults. Limited spatial repellency was observed from coconut fatty acid and C8:0 methyl ester. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang H Roh
- Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Xiaaojie Zhou
- Institute of Disinfection and Vector Control, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yansu Wang
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Steven C Cermak
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - James A Kenar
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL, USA
| | | | - Baoyu Han
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - David B Taylor
- Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Zeng
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Chung Gyoo Park
- Institute of Life Science (BK21+ Program)/Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gary J Brewer
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Junwei J Zhu
- Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Lincoln, NE, USA
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de Oliveira JL, Campos EVR, Germano-Costa T, Lima R, Vechia JFD, Soares ST, de Andrade DJ, Gonçalves KC, do Nascimento J, Polanczyk RA, Fraceto LF. Association of zein nanoparticles with botanical compounds for effective pest control systems. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1855-1865. [PMID: 30653814 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Botanical compounds from plant species are known to have pesticidal activity and have been used in integrated pest management programs. The varied spectrum of the pesticidal action of these compounds can also avoid selection of resistance in pest populations. In this study, mixtures of the botanical compounds geraniol, eugenol and cinnamaldehyde were encapsulated in zein nanoparticles to improve their stability and efficiency. Biological effects of the nano-scale formulations of the botanical compounds were evaluated against two agricultural pests: the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) and the soybean looper (Chrysodeixis includes). RESULTS The formulations were stable over time (120 days) with a high encapsulation efficiency (>90%). Nanoencapsulation also provided protection against degradation of the compounds during storage and led to a decrease in toxicity to non-target organisms. The release of the compounds (especially eugenol and cinnamaldehyde) from the nanoparticles was directly influenced by temperature, and the main mechanism of release was through a diffusion-based process. Nanoencapsulated compounds also showed superior efficiency compared to the emulsified compounds in terms of repellency and insecticidal activity. CONCLUSION The findings of this study indicate that the convergence of botanical compounds with nano-scale formulation has the potential to improve efficacy for their sustainable use in integrated pest management in agriculture. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhones L de Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Estefânia V R Campos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Taís Germano-Costa
- LABiToN - Laboratory for Evaluation of Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Lima
- LABiToN - Laboratory for Evaluation of Bioactivity and Toxicology of Nanomaterials, University of Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Franciosi Della Vechia
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sidneia Terezinha Soares
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Junior de Andrade
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristina Gonçalves
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joacir do Nascimento
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Antonio Polanczyk
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Parker C, Bernaola L, Lee BW, Elmquist D, Cohen A, Marshall A, Hepler J, Pekarcik A, Justus E, King K, Lee TY, Esquivel C, Hauri K, McCullough C, Hadden W, Ragozzino M, Roth M, Villegas J, Kraus E, Becker M, Mulcahy M, Chen R, Mittapelly P, Clem CS, Skinner R, Josek T, Pearlstein D, Tetlie J, Tran A, Auletta A, Benkert E, Tussey D. Entomology in the 21st Century: Tackling Insect Invasions, Promoting Advancements in Technology, and Using Effective Science Communication-2018 Student Debates. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:4. [PMID: 31268545 PMCID: PMC6608551 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The 2018 student debates of the Entomological Society of America were held at the Joint Annual Meeting for the Entomological Societies of America, Canada, and British Columbia in Vancouver, BC. Three unbiased introductory speakers and six debate teams discussed and debated topics under the theme 'Entomology in the 21st Century: Tackling Insect Invasions, Promoting Advancements in Technology, and Using Effective Science Communication'. This year's debate topics included: 1) What is the most harmful invasive insect species in the world? 2) How can scientists diffuse the stigma or scare factor surrounding issues that become controversial such as genetically modified organisms, agricultural biotechnological developments, or pesticide chemicals? 3) What new/emerging technologies have the potential to revolutionize entomology (other than Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats)? Introductory speakers and debate teams spent approximately 9 mo preparing their statements and arguments and had the opportunity to share this at the Joint Annual Meeting with an engaged audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey Parker
- University of Florida, Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, FL
| | - Lina Bernaola
- Louisiana State University, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Benjamin W Lee
- Washington State University, Department of Entomology, Pullman, WA
| | - Dane Elmquist
- Washington State University, Department of Entomology, Pullman, WA
| | - Abigail Cohen
- Washington State University, Department of Entomology, Pullman, WA
| | - Adrian Marshall
- Washington State University, Department of Entomology, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee, WA
| | - James Hepler
- Washington State University, Department of Entomology, Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Wenatchee, WA
| | - Adrian Pekarcik
- The Ohio State University, Department of Entomology, Wooster, OH
| | - Emily Justus
- The Ohio State University, Department of Entomology, Wooster, OH
| | - Kendall King
- The Ohio State University, Department of Entomology, Columbus, OH
| | - Tae-Young Lee
- The Ohio State University, Department of Entomology, Columbus, OH
| | - Carlos Esquivel
- The Ohio State University, Department of Entomology, Wooster, OH
| | - Kayleigh Hauri
- Michigan State University, Department of Entomology, East Lansing, MI
| | - Christopher McCullough
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Plant and Environmental Science, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Whitney Hadden
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Entomology, Also H Smith Jr AREC, Winchester, VA
| | - Max Ragozzino
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Entomology, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Morgan Roth
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Entomology, Blacksburg, VA
| | - James Villegas
- Louisiana State University, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Emily Kraus
- Louisiana State University, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Michael Becker
- Louisiana State University, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Megan Mulcahy
- Louisiana State University, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Rui Chen
- Louisiana State University, Department of Entomology, Baton Rouge, LA
| | | | - C Scott Clem
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Entomology, Urbana, IL
| | - Rachel Skinner
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Entomology, Urbana, IL
| | - Tanya Josek
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Entomology, Urbana, IL
| | - Daniel Pearlstein
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Entomology, Urbana, IL
| | - Jonathan Tetlie
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Entomology, Urbana, IL
| | - Anh Tran
- University of Minnesota, Department of Entomology, St Paul, MN
| | - Anthony Auletta
- University of Minnesota, Department of Entomology, St Paul, MN
| | - Edwin Benkert
- University of Minnesota, Department of Entomology, St Paul, MN
| | - Dylan Tussey
- University of Florida, Entomology and Nematology Department, Gainesville, FL
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Mullens BA, Soto D, Gerry AC. Sex Ratios and Mating Status of the Horn Fly on Pastured Cattle as a Function of Repellent-Oil Treatments. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 55:1325-1329. [PMID: 29701799 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Haematobia irritans (L.) (Diptera: Muscidae) were netted from pastured cattle in California over two summers, with the goal of documenting on-host sex ratios and mating success as they might vary with repellent applications. Sex ratios were calculated from 100 adults per herd per date, and mating status of females (n = 30 per herd per date) was assessed by dissection of spermathecae. Flies were collected before, during, and after 2-wk treatment periods with each of two repellent-oil mixtures: a 15% mixture of fatty acids (C8, C9, C10) in mineral oil or a 2% solution of geraniol in mineral oil. During the treatment period, flies were collected 3-4 d after the prior treatment and immediately before the next treatment. A separate herd used in the second year was untreated. Overall, the proportion female was 0.65 ± 0.01 (mean ± SE) (range 0.28-0.81). Sex ratios were not altered over time by treatments with either repellent. Overall, proportion of females mated was 0.744 ± 0.018 (range 0.40-1.00). Mating status was significantly affected by the two repellent treatments, which did not differ from each other. For treatment herds, proportion mated before treatment was 0.789 ± 0.039, dropping significantly to 0.659 ± 0.038 during the treatment period, and rebounding to 0.750 ± 0.035 after treatments ceased. Treatments probably killed or repelled the existing heterogeneous fly population, and during treatment relatively more flies were unmated recent arrivals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diane Soto
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Alec C Gerry
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA
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Hikal WM, Baeshen RS, Said-Al Ahl HA. Botanical insecticide as simple extractives for pest control. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/23312025.2017.1404274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa M. Hikal
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
- Parasitology Laboratory, Water Pollution Researches Department, National Research Center, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Rowida S. Baeshen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein A.H. Said-Al Ahl
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Researches Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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17
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Singh S, Fatima Z, Hameed S. Insights into the mode of action of anticandidal herbal monoterpenoid geraniol reveal disruption of multiple MDR mechanisms and virulence attributes in Candida albicans. Arch Microbiol 2016; 198:459-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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