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Harmon O'Driscoll J, McGinley J, Healy MG, Siggins A, Mellander PE, Morrison L, Gunnigle E, Ryan PC. Stochastic modelling of pesticide transport to drinking water sources via runoff and resulting human health risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170589. [PMID: 38309350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
A modelling framework was developed to facilitate a probabilistic assessment of health risks posed by pesticide exposure via drinking water due to runoff, with the inclusion of influential site conditions and in-stream processes. A Monte-Carlo based approach was utilised to account for the inherent variability in pesticide and population properties, as well as site and climatic conditions. The framework presented in this study was developed with an ability to integrate different data sources and adapt the model for various scenarios and locations to meet the users' needs. The results from this model can be used by farm advisors and catchment managers to identify lower risk pesticides for use for given soil and site conditions and implement risk mitigation measures to protect water resources. Pesticide concentrations in surface water, and their risk of regulatory threshold exceedances, were simulated for fifteen pesticides in an Irish case study. The predicted concentrations in surface water were then used to quantify the level of health risk posed to Irish adults and children. The analysis indicated that herbicides triclopyr and MCPA occur in the greatest concentrations in surface water, while mecoprop was associated with the highest potential for health risks. The study found that the modelled pesticides posed little risk to human health under current application patterns and climatic conditions in Ireland using international acceptable intake values. A sensitivity study conducted examined the impact seasonal conditions, timing of application, and instream processes, have on the transport of pesticides to drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Harmon O'Driscoll
- Discipline of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - J McGinley
- Civil Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - M G Healy
- Civil Engineering, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - A Siggins
- Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - P-E Mellander
- Agricultural Catchments Programme, Teagasc Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
| | - L Morrison
- Ryan Institute, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland; Earth and Ocean Sciences, Earth and Life Sciences, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - E Gunnigle
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - P C Ryan
- Discipline of Civil, Structural and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University College Cork, Ireland; Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork T23 XE10, Ireland.
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Brodeur JC, D'Andrea MF, Dip C. Statistically based soil-climate exposure scenarios for aquatic pesticide fate modeling and exposure assessment in the Pampa Region of Argentina. INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2023; 19:626-637. [PMID: 35791275 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although pesticides are used intensively in Argentina's Pampa region, the possibility of performing an environmental risk assessment (ERA) remains limited due to the absence of readily available databases to run pesticide fate models and the lack of standardized realistic worst-case scenarios. The aim of the present study was to further advance capacities for performing probabilistic ERAs in the Pampa region by dividing and parameterizing the region into functional soil-climate mapping units (SCU) and defining statistically based, worst-case soil-climate exposure scenarios. Results obtained demonstrate that the SCU selected for a specific modeling exercise should depend on the dissociation constant (Kd ) of the pesticide evaluated and whether short- or long-term pesticide fate modeling and risk assessment are needed. Four regionally representative SCUs were specifically identified for modeling the fate of pesticides with low, high, and intermediate values of Kd . Fate modeling of pesticides with an intermediate Kd requires the use of a different SCU for short- versus long-term pesticide modeling, whereas this distinction is not necessary for pesticides with both low and high Kd . The current definition of realistic, worst-case, soil-climate scenarios represents a crucial step toward better pesticide fate modeling and exposure assessment in Argentina's Pampa region. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:626-637. © 2022 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Céline Brodeur
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Florencia D'Andrea
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Dip
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Québec, Canada
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McGinley J, Harmon O’Driscoll J, Healy MG, Ryan PC, Mellander PE, Morrison L, Callery O, Siggins A. An assessment of potential pesticide transmission, considering the combined impact of soil texture and pesticide properties: A meta-analysis. SOIL USE AND MANAGEMENT 2022; 38:1162-1171. [PMID: 35915848 PMCID: PMC9313564 DOI: 10.1111/sum.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely employed as a cost-effective means of reducing the impacts of undesirable plants and animals. The aim of this paper is to develop a risk ranking of transmission of key pesticides through soil to waterways, taking into account physico-chemical properties of the pesticides (soil half-life and water solubility), soil permeability, and the relationship between adsorption of pesticides and soil texture. This may be used as a screening tool for land managers, as it allows assessment of the potential transmission risks associated with the use of specified pesticides across a spectrum of soil textures. The twenty-eight pesticides examined were differentiated into three groups: herbicides, fungicides and insecticides. The highest risk of pesticide transmission through soils to waterways is associated with soils containing <20% clay or >45% sand. In a small number of cases, the resulting transmission risk is not influenced by soil texture alone. For example, for Phenmedipham, the transmission risk is higher for clay soils than for silt loam. The data generated in this paper may also be used in the identification of critical area sources, which have a high likelihood of pesticide transmission to waterways. Furthermore, they have the potential to be applied to GIS mapping, where the potential transmission risk values of the pesticides can be layered directly onto various soil textures.
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Affiliation(s)
- John McGinley
- Civil Engineering and Ryan InstituteNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | | | - Mark G. Healy
- Civil Engineering and Ryan InstituteNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Paraic C. Ryan
- Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | | | - Liam Morrison
- Earth and Ocean SciencesSchool of Natural Science/s and Ryan InstituteNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Oisin Callery
- Earth and Ocean SciencesSchool of Natural Science/s and Ryan InstituteNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
| | - Alma Siggins
- Civil Engineering and Ryan InstituteNational University of Ireland GalwayGalwayIreland
- Teagasc Environmental Research CentreJohnstown CastleCo. WexfordIreland
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Nause N, Strassemeyer J, Mahlein AK, Stockfisch N. Pesticide use in sugar beet cultivation in Germany and assessment of the associated environmental risks using the risk indicator SYNOPS-GIS. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4614-4626. [PMID: 34089227 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The assessment of the environmental risks for pesticides is a current topic of the European Union (EU) strategy 'Farm to Fork'. Therefore, an analysis of the status quo of pesticide use from 2010 to 2015 and the associated environmental risks was performed for sugar beet cultivation in Germany. Based on this assessment, crop protection strategies should be developed that contribute to risk reduction. RESULTS Pesticide use data from 2314 randomly chosen sugar beet growing farms were available from annual farm surveys from 2010 until 2015. Possible environmental risks from pesticide applications were calculated with the model SYNOPS-GIS. Each pesticide application pattern was combined with several model fields. The concentrations of active ingredients in the non-target compartments, namely soil, neighboring surface waters and field margins, were used to determined risk indices (exposure toxicity ratios, ETRs) for different terrestrial and aquatic reference species. ETRs were mainly lower than a risk threshold used throughout this study (ETR = 1). The risks caused by herbicide use were studied in more detail since herbicides are applied on nearly all fields. The aquatic risks posed by herbicides were independent of specific active ingredients or application patterns. Instead, certain combinations of active ingredients, application dates and field-specific environmental conditions provoked higher risks. The aquatic risks were strongly influenced by the distance of the fields to surface waters. CONCLUSIONS Further risk mitigation seems possible by combining field-specific measures and technical options. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelia Nause
- Institute of Sugar Beet Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jörn Strassemeyer
- Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Strategies and Technology Assessment, Kleinmachnow, Germany
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Adriaanse P, Boivin A, Klein M, Jarvis N, Stemmer M, Fait G, Egsmose M. Scientific report of EFSA on the 'repair action' of the FOCUS surface water scenarios. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06119. [PMID: 32874312 PMCID: PMC7448096 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA to undertake a 'repair action' of the FOCUS surface water report after the EFSA Pesticide Steering Network had been consulted. The main request was to introduce into all FOCUS surface water scenarios (both run-off and drainage) a 20-year assessment period instead of the current 12- or 16-month assessment period. Because of the 20-year assessment period, the way application dates are defined needed to be reviewed, reconsidering the functionality of the pesticide application timing currently used. Guidance on how substance parameters should be handled when correlated with soil properties has been provided. Foliar wash-off calculated in MACRO and Pesticide Root Zone Model was aligned and the appropriateness of including rotational crop aspects was discussed. Processing time and how to use the results of the exposure assessment were considered.
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D'Andrea MF, Letourneau G, Rousseau AN, Brodeur JC. Sensitivity analysis of the Pesticide in Water Calculator model for applications in the Pampa region of Argentina. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 698:134232. [PMID: 31514038 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of pesticides in the Pampa region of Argentina, mathematical models are rarely employed to predict pesticide fate due to the lack of regionally tested models and the absence of readily available databases to run such models. The objective of the current study was to perform a sensitivity analysis of the Pesticide in Water Calculator (PWC) model for the Pampa Region of Argentina. The sensitivity analysis was performed while simulating applications of 2,4-D (mobile, low Kd) and glyphosate (soil-binding, high Kd) in five localities of the Pampa region: Anguil, Paraná, Marcos Juárez, Pergamino and Tres Arroyos. The sensitivity of the various parameters involved in PWC modelling was evaluated though a two-steps sensitivity analysis which included a first screening of less sensitive parameters with Morris method, followed by a fully global sensitivity analysis of the remaining parameters using Sobol method. When ran under soil and climate conditions typical of the Pampa region of Argentina, PWC was most sensitive to 25% of the parameters evaluated. The sensitive parameters identified depended mainly on the nature of the pesticide molecule being modelled; the location and endpoint considered having much less influence on the sensitivity results. Sensitive parameters belonged to two main grand categories: (i) degradation rates of the pesticide in soil and water, and (ii) parameters descriptive of soil binding, runoff and erosion. The sensitivity analysis of the model PWC performed in the current study represents a crucial first step towards the development and expansion of probabilistic pesticide risk assessment in Argentina, and provides important parameterization criteria that will help obtaining more certain modelling results from PWC in Argentina and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F D'Andrea
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - G Letourneau
- Department of Soil and Agrifood Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - A N Rousseau
- Centre Eau Terre Environnement, Institute National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - J C Brodeur
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales (CIRN), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Focks A, Belgers D, Boerwinkel MC, Buijse L, Roessink I, Van den Brink PJ. Calibration and validation of toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic models for three neonicotinoids and some aquatic macroinvertebrates. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:992-1007. [PMID: 29717389 PMCID: PMC6132984 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Exposure patterns in ecotoxicological experiments often do not match the exposure profiles for which a risk assessment needs to be performed. This limitation can be overcome by using toxicokinetic-toxicodynamic (TKTD) models for the prediction of effects under time-variable exposure. For the use of TKTD models in the environmental risk assessment of chemicals, it is required to calibrate and validate the model for specific compound-species combinations. In this study, the survival of macroinvertebrates after exposure to the neonicotinoid insecticide was modelled using TKTD models from the General Unified Threshold models of Survival (GUTS) framework. The models were calibrated on existing survival data from acute or chronic tests under static exposure regime. Validation experiments were performed for two sets of species-compound combinations: one set focussed on multiple species sensitivity to a single compound: imidacloprid, and the other set on the effects of multiple compounds for a single species, i.e., the three neonicotinoid compounds imidacloprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam, on the survival of the mayfly Cloeon dipterum. The calibrated models were used to predict survival over time, including uncertainty ranges, for the different time-variable exposure profiles used in the validation experiments. From the comparison between observed and predicted survival, it appeared that the accuracy of the model predictions was acceptable for four of five tested species in the multiple species data set. For compounds such as neonicotinoids, which are known to have the potential to show increased toxicity under prolonged exposure, the calibration and validation of TKTD models for survival needs to be performed ideally by considering calibration data from both acute and chronic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Focks
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Dick Belgers
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-Claire Boerwinkel
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Laura Buijse
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo Roessink
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J Van den Brink
- Wageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Zajíček A, Fučík P, Kaplická M, Liška M, Maxová J, Dobiáš J. Pesticide leaching by agricultural drainage in sloping, mid-textured soil conditions - the role of runoff components. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2018; 77:1879-1890. [PMID: 29676745 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2018.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics of pesticides and their metabolites in drainage waters during baseflow periods and rainfall-runoff events (RREs) were studied from 2014 to 2016 at three small, tile-drained agricultural catchments in Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, Czech Republic. Drainage systems in this region are typically built in slopes with considerable proportion of drainage runoff originating outside the drained area itself. Continuous monitoring was performed by automated samplers, and the event hydrograph was separated using 18O and 2H isotopes and drainage water temperature. Results showed that drainage systems represent a significant source for pesticides leaching from agricultural land. Leaching of pesticide metabolites was mainly associated with baseflow and shallow interflow. Water from causal precipitation diluted their concentrations. The prerequisites for the leaching of parental compounds were a rainfall-runoff event occurring shortly after spraying, and the presence of event water in the runoff. When such situations happened consequently, pesticides concentrations in drainage water were high and the pesticide load reached several grams in a few hours. Presented results introduce new insights into the processes of pesticides movement in small, tile-drained catchments and emphasizes the need to incorporate drainage hydrology and flow-triggered sampling into monitoring programmes in larger catchments as well as in environment-conservation policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonín Zajíček
- Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, v.v.i., Žabovřeská 250, 5 - Zbraslav, Prague 156 27, Czech Republic E-mail:
| | - Petr Fučík
- Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, v.v.i., Žabovřeská 250, 5 - Zbraslav, Prague 156 27, Czech Republic E-mail:
| | - Markéta Kaplická
- Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, v.v.i., Žabovřeská 250, 5 - Zbraslav, Prague 156 27, Czech Republic E-mail:
| | - Marek Liška
- Povodí Vltavy, State Enterprise, Holečkova 8, 150 24, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Maxová
- Research Institute for Soil and Water Conservation, v.v.i., Žabovřeská 250, 5 - Zbraslav, Prague 156 27, Czech Republic E-mail:
| | - Jakub Dobiáš
- Povodí Vltavy, State Enterprise, Holečkova 8, 150 24, Prague 5, Czech Republic
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