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Higuchi A, Tojo M, Mochizuki T. Sensitivity of Globisporangium ultimum to the fungicide metalaxyl is enhanced by the infection with a toti-like mycovirus. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127742. [PMID: 38723390 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, numerous oomycete mycoviruses have been discovered; however, very few studies have focused on their effects on the host oomycete phenotype. In this study, we investigated the impact of toti-like Pythium ultimum RNA virus 2 (PuRV2) infection on the phytopathogenic soil-borne oomycete Globisporangium ultimum, which serves as a model species for Globisporangium and Pythium, specifically the UOP226 isolate in Japan. We generated a PuRV2-free isogenic line through hyphal tip isolation using high-temperature culture and subsequently compared the phenotypic characteristics and gene expression profiles of UOP226 and the PuRV2-free isogenic line. Our findings revealed that the metalaxyl sensitivity of UOP226 was greater than that of the PuRV2-free isogenic line, whereas the mycelial growth rate and colony morphology remained unchanged in the absence of the fungicide. Furthermore, transcriptome analyses using RNA-seq revealed significant downregulation of ABC-type transporter genes, which are involved in fungicide sensitivity, in UOP226. Our results suggest that PuRV2 infection influences the ecology of G. ultimum in agricultural ecosystems where metalaxyl is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aika Higuchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Motoaki Tojo
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Mochizuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan; Osaka International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
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Yang L, Nkurikiyimfura O, Pan Z, Wang Y, Waheed A, Chen R, Burdon JJ, Sui Q, Zhan J. Plant diversity ameliorates the evolutionary development of fungicide resistance in an agricultural ecosystem. J Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li‐Na Yang
- Institute of Oceanography Minjiang University Fuzhou China
| | | | - Zhe‐Chao Pan
- Industrial Crops Research Institute Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Kunming China
| | - Yan‐Ping Wang
- Institute of Plant Virology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Abdul Waheed
- Institute of Plant Virology Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Ruey‐Shyang Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology National Chiayi University Chiayi Taiwan
| | | | - Qi‐Jun Sui
- Industrial Crops Research Institute Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Kunming China
| | - Jiasui Zhan
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala Sweden
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Santos RF, Ciampi-Guillardi M, Fraaije BA, de Oliveira AA, Amorim L. The Climate-Driven Genetic Diversity Has a Higher Impact on the Population Structure of Plasmopara viticola Than the Production System or QoI Fungicide Sensitivity in Subtropical Brazil. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:575045. [PMID: 33042088 PMCID: PMC7528563 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.575045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Downy mildew, caused by Plasmopara viticola, is the main disease affecting vineyards in subtropical Brazil. Here, we collected 94 P. viticola isolates from four organic and conventional vineyards in the two main grape-growing states of Brazil to evaluate the sensitivity to the quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) azoxystrobin by pheno- and genotyping assays. The impact of location, production system and sensitivity to QoI fungicides on the population genetics and structure of P. viticola was determined using 10 microsatellite markers. Cytochrome b sequencing revealed that 28 and 100% of the isolates from vineyards under organic and conventional management carried the G143A mutation, respectively. The G143A mutation was associated with high levels of azoxystrobin resistance. Three out of the 94 isolates analyzed carried the M125I alteration, not previously described in P. viticola, which was associated with a five-fold reduction in azoxystrobin sensitivity compared to wild-type isolates. Haplotype network analysis based on cytochrome b gene sequences suggested that the Brazilian populations are more closely related to the European than the North American population. A total of six haplotypes were identified, with two of them carrying the G143A mutation. Microsatellite analysis revealed high allelic and genotypic variation among the four populations. Population differentiation analyses indicated that state of origin directly influences the population biology of P. viticola, while production system and QoI sensitivity have little effect. Great genetic diversity, sexual reproduction and high levels of admixture were observed in Rio Grande do Sul State. In contrast, populations in São Paulo State were dominated by a few clonal genotypes, and no admixed genotype was detected between the two genetic pools identified in the state. This study raises the hypothesis that winter weather conditions influence the overwinter survival strategy with profound effects in the population biology of P. viticola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo F Santos
- Department of Plant Pathology and Nematology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Maisa Ciampi-Guillardi
- Department of Plant Pathology and Nematology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Bart A Fraaije
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda A de Oliveira
- Department of Genetics, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Lilian Amorim
- Department of Plant Pathology and Nematology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
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Karunasinghe TG, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Velazhahan R, Al-Sadi AM. Antagonistic Activity of Endophytic and Rhizosphere Fungi Isolated From Sea Purslane ( Sesuvium portulacastrum) Against Pythium Damping off of Cucumber. PLANT DISEASE 2020; 104:2158-2167. [PMID: 32539595 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-20-0003-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the antagonistic activity of endophytic and rhizosphere fungi isolated from a medicinal plant, Sesuvium portulacastrum, against Pythium aphanidermatum, the cause of damping off of cucumber. A total of 40 endophytic and 19 rhizosphere fungi were isolated from S. portulacastrum. Three endophytic isolates and two rhizosphere isolates gave >50% suppression of P. aphanidermatum in the in vitro dual-culture tests. Scanning electron microscopic studies at the inhibition zone showed hyphae wall damage and abnormal mycelial growth of the genus Pythium. Molecular analysis identified the antagonistic endophytes as Aspergillus insulicola (isolate A435), A. insulicola (A419), and Aspergillus melleus (A412) and the rhizosphere antagonists as Aspergillus terreus (A213) and Aspergillus luchuensis (A116). Except for A116, the culture filtrates of the other antagonists significantly increased the electrolyte leakage from Pythium mycelia, whereas ethyl acetate extracts of A435, A412, and A213 showed significant growth suppression. All five antagonists were able to produce varying amounts of cellulase and β-glucanase enzymes. However, A435, A412, and A213 showed significantly higher cellulase activity, whereas A435 and A116 showed the highest β-glucanase activity. Controlled glasshouse growth experiments showed that isolates A435 and A116 resulted in up to 70% control of damping off, whereas isolates A412 and A213 showed 30 to 40% damping-off control. The antagonists A435, A116, and A213 also contributed to increased cucumber shoot length as well as shoot and root dry mass. The synergetic effects of metabolites and hydrolytic enzymes could be the reason for the variation between isolates in the antagonistic activity and cucumber growth promotion. This study reports for the first time A. insulicola, A. melleus, and A. luchuensis as potential biocontrol agents against P. aphanidermatum-induced damping off of cucumber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thamodini G Karunasinghe
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Oman
| | - S S N Maharachchikumbura
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Oman
| | - Rethinasamy Velazhahan
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Oman
| | - Abdullah M Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod 123, Oman
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Al-Shibli H, Dobretsov S, Al-Nabhani A, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Rethinasamy V, Al-Sadi AM. Aspergillus terreus obtained from mangrove exhibits antagonistic activities against Pythium aphanidermatum-induced damping-off of cucumber. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7884. [PMID: 31656698 PMCID: PMC6812666 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the potential of Aspergillus terreus obtained from Avicennia marina mangrove roots in inhibiting Pythium aphanidermatum and damping-off disease of cucumber. Aspergillus terreus exhibited in vitro inhibition of Pythium aphanidermatum growth. Electron microscope examination revealed that the antagonistic fungal isolate resulted in shrinking and groves in Pythium hypha. When Aspergillus terreus culture filtrate was added to Pythium aphanidermatum, it resulted in a significant increase (by 73%) in electrolyte leakage from Pythium hypha compared to the control, as well as significant reduction (by 71%) in oospore production. The Aspergillus terreus culture was also found to produce a cellulase enzyme, which is suggested to be involved in the antagonism against Pythium aphanidermatum. Adding Aspergillus terreus to soil infested with Pythium aphanidermatum significantly reduced percent mortality in cucumber seedlings by 70%. Aspergillus terreus, when applied alone on cucumber seedlings, did not show any suppressive effects on cucumber growth (length and fresh and dry weight). This appears to be the first report of isolation from mangrove of Aspergillus terreus with antagonistic activity against Pythium aphanidermatum-induced damping-off of cucumber. The study indicates that fungal isolates obtained from marine environments may serve as potential biocontrol agents against some plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Al-Shibli
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sergey Dobretsov
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman.,Center of Excellence in Marine Biotechnology, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Nabhani
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
| | - Sajeewa S N Maharachchikumbura
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | - Velazhahan Rethinasamy
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdullah M Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Muscat, Oman
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Gullino ML, Gilardi G, Garibaldi A. Ready-to-Eat Salad Crops: A Plant Pathogen's Heaven. PLANT DISEASE 2019; 103:2153-2170. [PMID: 31343378 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-19-0472-fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The ready-to-eat salad sector, also called fresh-cut or bagged salads, is a fast-growing segment of the fresh-food industry. The dynamism and specialization of this sector, together with the lack of adequate crop rotation, the globalization of the seed market, and climate change, are the main causes of the development of many new diseases that cause severe production losses. Newly detected diseases of the most important crops grown (lettuce, wild and cultivated rocket, lamb's lettuce, chicory, endive, basil, spinach, and Swiss chard) are critically discussed. The management of these diseases represents a formidable challenge, since few fungicides are registered on these minor-use crops. An interesting feature of the ready-to-eat salad sector is that most crops are grown under protection, often in soilless systems, which provide an environment helpful to the implementation of innovative control methods. Current trends in disease management are discussed, with special focus on the most sustainable practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lodovica Gullino
- Centre of Competence for the Agro-Environmental Sector (AGROINNOVA), University of Torino. Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gilardi
- Centre of Competence for the Agro-Environmental Sector (AGROINNOVA), University of Torino. Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Angelo Garibaldi
- Centre of Competence for the Agro-Environmental Sector (AGROINNOVA), University of Torino. Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
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