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Geng W, Zhang Q, Liu L, Tai G, Gan X. Design, Synthesis, and Herbicidal Activity of Novel Tetrahydrophthalimide Derivatives Containing Oxadiazole/Thiadiazole Moieties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:17191-17199. [PMID: 39054861 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c01389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO, EC 1.3.3.4) has a high status in the development of new inhibitors. To develop novel and highly effective PPO inhibitors, active substructure linking and bioisosterism replacement strategies were used to design and synthesize novel tetrahydrophthalimide derivatives containing oxadiazole/thiadiazole moieties, and their inhibitory effects on Nicotiana tobacco PPO (NtPPO) and herbicidal activity were evaluated. Among them, compounds B11 (Ki = 9.05 nM) and B20 (Ki = 10.23 nM) showed significantly better inhibitory activity against NtPPO than that against flumiclorac-pentyl (Ki = 46.02 nM). Meanwhile, compounds A20 and B20 were 100% effective against three weeds (Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Portulaca oleracea) at 37.5 g a.i./ha. It was worth observing that compound B11 was more than 90% effective against three weeds (Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Portulaca oleracea) at 18.75 and 9.375 g a.i./ha. It was also safer to rice, maize, and wheat than flumiclorac-pentyl at 150 g a.i./ha. In addition, the molecular docking results showed that compound B11 could stably bind to NtPPO and it had a stronger hydrogen bond with Arg98 (2.9 Å) than that of flumiclorac-pentyl (3.2 Å). This research suggests that compound B11 could be used as a new PPO inhibitor, and it could help control weeds in agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Gangyin Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiuhai Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Zhang W, Zhang J, Yan C, Gan X. Discovery of Novel N-Phenyltriazinone Derivatives Containing Oxime Ether or Oxime Ester Moieties as Promising Protoporphyrinogen IX Oxidase Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:12946-12955. [PMID: 38809794 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO, EC 1.3.3.4) is one of the most important targets for the discovery of green herbicides. In order to find novel PPO inhibitors with a higher herbicidal activity, a series of novel N-phenyltriazinone derivatives containing oxime ether and oxime ester groups were designed and synthesized based on the strategy of pharmacophore and scaffold hopping. Bioassay results revealed that some compounds showed herbicidal activities; especially, compound B16 exhibited broad-spectrum and excellent 100% herbicidal effects to Echinochloa crusgalli, Digitaria sanguinalis, Setaria faberii, Abutilon juncea, Amaranthus retroflexus, and Portulaca oleracea at a concentration of 37.5 g a.i./ha, which were comparable to trifludimoxazin. Nicotiana tabacum PPO (NtPPO) enzyme inhibitory assay indicated that B16 showed an excellent enzyme inhibitory activity with a value of 32.14 nM, which was similar to that of trifludimoxazin (31.33 nM). Meanwhile, compound B16 revealed more safety for crops (rice, maize, wheat, peanut, soybean, and cotton) than trifludimoxazin at a dose of 150 g a.i./ha. Moreover, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation further showed that B16 has a very strong and stable binding to NtPPO. It indicated that B16 can be used as a potential PPO inhibitor and herbicide candidate for application in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jiahui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Chaohui Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiuhai Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Zhang M, Cai H, Pang C, Chen Z, Ling D, Jin Z, Chi YR. Design, Synthesis, and Herbicidal Evaluation of Pyrrolidinone-Containing 2-Phenylpyridine Derivatives as Novel Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10218-10226. [PMID: 38666644 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a series of pyrrolidinone-containing 2-phenylpyridine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as novel protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO, EC 1.3.3.4) inhibitors for herbicide development. At 150 g ai/ha, compounds 4d, 4f, and 4l can inhibit the grassy weeds of Echinochloa crus-galli (EC), Digitaria sanguinalis (DS), and Lolium perenne (LP) with a range of 60 to 90%. Remarkably, at 9.375 g ai/ha, these compounds showed 100% inhibition effects against broadleaf weeds of Amaranthus retroflexus (AR) and Abutilon theophrasti (AT), which were comparable to the performance of the commercial herbicides flumioxazin (FLU) and saflufenacil (SAF) and better than that of acifluorfen (ACI). Molecular docking analyses revealed significant hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking interactions between compounds 4d and 4l with Arg98, Asn67, and Phe392, respectively. Additionally, representative compounds were chosen for in vivo assessment of PPO inhibitory activity, with compounds 4d, 4f, and 4l demonstrating excellent inhibitory effects. Notably, compounds 4d and 4l induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a reduction in the chlorophyll (Chl) content. Consequently, compounds 4d, 4f, and 4l are promising lead candidates for the development of novel PPO herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Pang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongyin Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Ling
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Jin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonggui Robin Chi
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, People's Republic of China
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 637371 Singapore
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Min L, Liang W, Bajsa-Hirschel J, Ye P, Wang Q, Sun X, Cantrell CL, Han L, Sun N, Duke SO, Liu X. Synthesis, Herbicidal Activity, Mode of Action, and In Silico Analysis of Novel Pyrido[2,3- d]pyrimidine Compounds. Molecules 2023; 28:7363. [PMID: 37959782 PMCID: PMC10647610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products are a main source of new chemical entities for use in drug and pesticide discovery. In order to discover lead compounds with high herbicidal activity, a series of new pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives were designed and synthesized using 2-chloronicotinic acid as the starting material. Their structures were characterized with 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS, and the herbicidal activities against dicotyledonous lettuce (Lactuca sativa), field mustard (Brassica campestris), monocotyledonous bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) were determined. The results indicated that most of the pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives had no marked inhibitory effect on lettuce at 1 mM. However, most of the pyrido[2,3-d] pyrimidine derivatives possessed good activity against bentgrass at 1 mM. Among them, the most active compound, 3-methyl-1-(2,3,4-trifluorophenyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (2o), was as active as the positive controls, the commercial herbicides clomazone and flumioxazin. Molecular simulation was performed with molecular docking and DFT calculations. The docking studies provided strong evidence that 2o acts as an herbicide by inhibition of protoporphyrinogen oxidase. However, the physiological results indicate that it does not act on this target in vivo, implying that it could be metabolically converted to a compound with a different molecular target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Min
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China;
| | - Wei Liang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (W.L.); (Q.W.); (X.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Joanna Bajsa-Hirschel
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University, MS 38677, USA; (J.B.-H.); (C.L.C.)
| | - Peng Ye
- Shanghai Souguo Science & Technology Co. Ltd., Shanghai 201708, China;
| | - Qiao Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (W.L.); (Q.W.); (X.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Xinpeng Sun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (W.L.); (Q.W.); (X.S.); (L.H.)
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Charles L. Cantrell
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University, MS 38677, USA; (J.B.-H.); (C.L.C.)
| | - Liang Han
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (W.L.); (Q.W.); (X.S.); (L.H.)
| | - Nabo Sun
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Stephen O. Duke
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Xinghai Liu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (W.L.); (Q.W.); (X.S.); (L.H.)
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Wu X, Song C, Zhu Y, Wang X, Zhang H, Hu D, Song R. Design and synthesis of novel PPO-inhibiting pyrimidinedione derivatives safed towards cotton. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:105449. [PMID: 37248018 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Developing innovative and effective herbicides is of utmost importance since weed management has become a worldwide agricultural production concern, resulting in severe economic losses every year. In this study, a series of new pyrimidinedione compounds were developed via combination of pyrimidinediones with N-phenylacetamide moiety. The herbicidal activity test (37.5-150 g of ai/ha) indicated that most of the new derivatives exhibited excellent herbicidal activity against dicotyledonous weeds, but less against grasses. Among them, compound 34 was identified as the best postemergence herbicidal activities against six species of weeds (Amaranthus retrof lexus, AR; Abutilon theophrasti, AT; Veronica polita, VP; Echinochloa crusgalli, EC; Digitaria sanguinalis, DS; Setaria viridis, SV), which were comparable to the commercial control agent saflufenacil (≥90%). The protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO; EC. 1.3.3.4) activity experiment suggested that compound 34 could significantly reduce the PPO content in weeds, the relative expression levels of the PPO gene were verified by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and the results were consistent with the trend of the enzyme activity data. Molecular docking showed that compound 34 could occupy the PPO enzyme catalytic substrate pocket, which played an excellent inhibitory effect on the activity of receptor protein. Meanwhile, the tolerance of compound 34 to cotton was better than that of the commercial agent saflufenacil at 150 g of ai/ha. Thus, compound 34 exhibits the potential to be a new PPO herbicide for weed control in cotton fields. This study provided a basis for the subsequent structural modification and mechanism research of pyrimidinedione derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Changxiong Song
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Yunying Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Xiaoguo Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Deyu Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Runjiang Song
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
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Feng D, Wu S, Jiang B, He S, Luo Y, Li F, Song B, Song R. Discovery of Novel Isoxazoline Derivatives Containing Diaryl Ether against Fall Armyworms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6859-6870. [PMID: 37126004 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous evolution of insect resistance, it is a tremendous challenge to control the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) with traditional insecticides. To solve this pending issue, a series of novel isoxazoline derivatives containing diaryl ether structures were designed and synthesized, and most of the target compounds exhibited excellent insecticidal activity. Based on the three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model analysis, we further optimized the molecular structure with compound L35 obtained and tested for its activity. Compound L35 (LC50 = 1.69 mg/L) exhibited excellent insecticidal activity against S. frugiperda, which was better than those of commercial fipronil (LC50 = 70.78 mg/L) and indoxacarb (LC50 = 5.37 mg/L). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that L35 could upregulate the levels of GABA in insects. In addition, molecular docking and transcriptomic results also indicated that compound L35 may affect the nervous system of S. frugiperda by acting on GABA receptors. Notably, through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we were able to obtain the two enantiomers of compound L35, and the insecticidal activity test revealed that S-(+)-L35 was 44 times more active than R-(-)-L35 against S. frugiperda. This study established the chemistry basis and mechanistic foundations for the future development of pesticide candidates against fall armyworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Feng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Shang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Biaobiao Jiang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Siqi He
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Yuqin Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Fangyi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Baoan Song
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Runjiang Song
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
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Messa F, Perrone S, Salomone A. 3-Cyclohexyl-6-phenyl-1-(p-tolyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione. MOLBANK 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/m1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a novel uracil derivative, 3-cyclohexyl-6-phenyl-1-(p-tolyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (4), is reported via a four-component reaction involving an α-chloroketone (1), an aliphatic isocyanate (2), a primary aromatic amine (3) and carbon monoxide. The proposed reaction mechanism involves a Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of 2-chloro-1-phenylethan-1-one (1), leading to a β-ketoacylpalladium key intermediate, and, at the same time, in situ formation of non-symmetrical urea deriving from cyclohexyl isocyanate (2) and p-toluidine (3). After a chemo-selective acylation of the non-symmetrical urea and the subsequent cyclization of the acylated intermediate, 3-cyclohexyl-6-phenyl-1-(p-tolyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (4) is formed. Uracil derivative 4 was isolated in good yield (73%) and fully characterized by 1H, 13C, 2D 1H-13C HSQC and 2D 1H-13C HMBC NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy and GC-MS spectrometry.
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Novel Synthesis of Dihydroisoxazoles by p-TsOH-Participated 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Dipolarophiles withα-Nitroketones. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062565. [PMID: 36985536 PMCID: PMC10052018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reports in detail a method for the synthesis of 3-benzoxoxazoline by the reaction of alkenes (alkynes) and a variety of α-nitroketones in the presence of p-TsOH. The scope of alkenes is broad, including different alkenes and the alkyne. This reaction provides a convenient and efficient synthetic method of 3-benzoylisoxazolines.
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Synthesis of Novel α-Trifluoroanisole Derivatives Containing Phenylpyridine Moieties with Herbicidal Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911083. [PMID: 36232394 PMCID: PMC9570041 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To find novel herbicidal compounds with high activity and broad spectrum, a series of phenylpyridine moiety-containing α-trifluoroanisole derivatives were designed, synthesized, and identified via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Greenhouse-based herbicidal activity assays revealed that compound 7a exhibited > 80% inhibitory activity against Abutilon theophrasti, Amaranthus retroflexus, Eclipta prostrate, Digitaria sanguinalis, and Setaria viridis at a dose of 37.5 g a.i./hm2, which was better than fomesafen. Compound 7a further exhibited excellent herbicidal activity against Abutilon theophrasti and Amaranthus retroflexus in this greenhouse setting, with respective median effective dose (ED50) values of 13.32 and 5.48 g a.i./hm2, both of which were slightly superior to fomesafen (ED50 = 36.39, 10.09 g a.i./hm2). The respective half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for compound 7a and fomesafen when used to inhibit the Nicotiana tabacum protoporphyrinogen oxidase (NtPPO) enzyme, were 9.4 and 110.5 nM. The docking result of compound 7a indicated that the introduction of 3-chloro-5-trifluoromethylpyridine and the trifluoromethoxy group was beneficial to the formation of stable interactions between these compounds and NtPPO. This work demonstrated that compound 7a could be further optimized as a PPO herbicide candidate to control various weeds.
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Barber DM. A Competitive Edge: Competitor Inspired Scaffold Hopping in Herbicide Lead Optimization. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11075-11090. [PMID: 35271269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the years, scaffold hopping has proven to be a powerful tool in the agrochemical optimization process. It offers the opportunity to modify known molecular lead structures to improve a range of parameters, including biological efficacy and spectrum, physicochemical properties, toxicity, stability, and to secure new intellectual property. Very often the disclosure of a new chemical structure can spark a multitude of competitor activities, where scaffold hopping plays a crucial role in the optimization process as well as for the generation of new intellectual property. Herein, recent examples of scaffold hopping in early phase herbicide research based on competitor inspired activities will be discussed using examples of how these research campaigns can often result in the registration of new crop protection products.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Barber
- Research and Development, Weed Control Chemistry, Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Zhao LX, Peng JF, Liu FY, Zou YL, Gao S, Fu Y, Ye F. Discovery of novel phenoxypyridine as promising protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitors. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 184:105102. [PMID: 35715041 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO, EC 1.3.3.4) is a significant target for the discovery of novel bleaching herbicides. Starting from the active fragments of several known commercial herbicides, a series of PPO inhibitors with diphenyl ether scaffolds were designed and synthesized by substructure splicing and bioisosterism methods. The greenhouse herbicidal activity and the PPO inhibitory activity in vitro were measured. The results showed that the novel synthesized compounds have good PPO inhibitory activity, and the IC50 value against corn PPO ranges from 0.032 ± 0.008 mg/L to 3.245 ± 0.247 mg/L. Among all target compounds, compound P2 showed the best herbicidal activity, with a half inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.032 ± 0.008 mg/L. In addition, the molecular docking results showed that the benzene ring part of compound P2 can form a π-π stacking with PHE-392, and the trifluoromethyl group and ARG-98 form two hydrogen bonds. Crop safety experiments and cumulative concentration analysis experiments indicated that compound P2 can be used for weed control in rice, wheat, soybean and corn. Therefore, compound P2 can be selected to develop potential lead compounds for novel PPO inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jian-Feng Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Feng-Yi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue-Li Zou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Yang L, Wang D, Ma D, Zhang D, Zhou N, Wang J, Xu H, Xi Z. In Silico Structure-Guided Optimization and Molecular Simulation Studies of 3-Phenoxy-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyridazines as Potent Phytoene Desaturase Inhibitors. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226979. [PMID: 34834071 PMCID: PMC8618034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel 3-phenoxy-4-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)pyridazines 2–5 were designed, based on the structure of our previous lead compound 1 through the in silico structure-guided optimization approach. The results showed that some of these new compounds showed a good herbicidal activity at the rate of 750 g ai/ha by both pre- and post-emergence applications, especially compound 2a, which displayed a comparable pre-emergence herbicidal activity to diflufenican at 300–750 g ai/ha, and a higher post-emergence herbicidal activity than diflufenican at the rates of 300–750 g ai/ha. Additionally, 2a was safe to wheat by both pre- and post-emergence applications at 300 g ai/ha, showing the compound’s potential for weed control in wheat fields. Our molecular simulation studies revealed the important factors involved in the interaction between 2a and Synechococcus PDS. This work provided a lead compound for weed control in wheat fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Yang
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Y.); (D.W.); (D.M.); (D.Z.); (N.Z.)
| | - Dawei Wang
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Y.); (D.W.); (D.M.); (D.Z.); (N.Z.)
| | - Dejun Ma
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Y.); (D.W.); (D.M.); (D.Z.); (N.Z.)
| | - Di Zhang
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Y.); (D.W.); (D.M.); (D.Z.); (N.Z.)
| | - Nuo Zhou
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Y.); (D.W.); (D.M.); (D.Z.); (N.Z.)
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, No. 38, Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Han Xu
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Y.); (D.W.); (D.M.); (D.Z.); (N.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.X.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zhen Xi
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Department of Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; (L.Y.); (D.W.); (D.M.); (D.Z.); (N.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.X.); (Z.X.)
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Zhao LX, Wang ZX, Zou YL, Gao S, Fu Y, Ye F. Phenoxypyridine derivatives containing natural product coumarins with allelopathy as novel and promising proporphyrin IX oxidase-inhibiting herbicides: Design, synthesis and biological activity study. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 177:104897. [PMID: 34301359 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To seek novel and safe protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO, EC 1.3.3.4) inhibitors with excellent herbicidal activity. A series of novel phenoxypyridine derivatives containing natural product coumarins with allelopathy were designed and synthesized based on bioisosterism and active subunit combination in this research. Compounds W3.1 and W3.4, with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.02653 mg/L and 0.01937 mg/L, respectively, displayed excellent herbicidal activity in greenhouse. Their herbicidal activity was similar to commercial herbicide oxyfluorfen (IC50 = 0.04943 mg/L). The best field inhibitory effect of compounds W3.1 and W3.4 recorded was at doses of 450 g ai/ha and 300 g ai/ha, respectively. Compound W3.4 had the best herbicidal activity among all the target compounds in this paper. Molecular docking analysis revealed that compounds W3.1 and W3.4 could form a hydrogen bonds with the amino acid AGR-98 and a π-π superposition with the amino acid PHE-398, respectively, which was similar to the oxyfluorfen. The crop selectivity tests results indicated that maize, cotton and soybean showed high tolerance to compound W3.4. Compound W3.4 reduced the Ca and Cb contents of wheat and rice, but had less effect on maize, cotton and soybean. Selectivity of compound W3.4 in maize, cotton and soybean were appeared to be due to reduced absorption of the herbicide compared to wheat and rice. Compound W3.4 deserves further attention as a candidate structure for new herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xia Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhi-Xin Wang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yue-Li Zou
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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Wang DW, Liang L, Xue ZY, Yu SY, Zhang RB, Wang X, Xu H, Wen X, Xi Z. Discovery of N-Phenylaminomethylthioacetylpyrimidine-2,4-diones as Protoporphyrinogen IX Oxidase Inhibitors through a Reaction Intermediate Derivation Approach. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:4081-4092. [PMID: 33787231 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO, EC 1.3.3.4) is an effective target for green herbicide discovery. In this work, we reported the unexpected discovery of a novel series of N-phenylaminomethylthioacetylpyrimidine-2,4-diones (2-6) as promising PPO inhibitors based on investigating the reaction intermediates of our initially designed N-phenyluracil thiazolidinone (1). An efficient one-pot procedure that gave 41 target compounds in good to high yields was developed. Systematic Nicotiana tabacum PPO (NtPPO) inhibitory and herbicidal activity evaluations led to identifying some compounds with improved NtPPO inhibition potency than saflufenacil and good post-emergence herbicidal activity at 37.5-150 g of ai/ha. Among these analogues, ethyl 2-((((2-chloro-4-fluoro-5-(3-methyl-2,6-dioxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3,6-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)phenyl)amino)methyl)thio)acetate (2c) (Ki = 11 nM), exhibited excellent weed control at 37.5-150 g of ai/ha and was safe for rice at 150 g of ai/ha, indicating that compound 2c has the potential to be developed as a new herbicide for weed management in paddy fields. Additionally, our molecular simulation and metabolism studies showed that the side chains of compound 2c could form a hydrogen-bond-mediated seven-membered ring system; substituting a methyl group at R1 could reinforce the hydrogen bond of the ring system and reduce the metabolic rate of target compounds in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Yi Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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Duke SO. Pest management diversity from the 14th International Union of Pure and Applied Chemists (IUPAC) International Congress of Crop Protection Chemistry. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:3309-3310. [PMID: 32909393 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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