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Fakhlaei R, Selamat J, Abdull Razis AF, Sukor R, Ahmad S, Khatib A, Zou X. Development of a zebrafish model for toxicity evaluation of adulterated Apis mellifera honey. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 356:141736. [PMID: 38554873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Since ancient times, honey has been used for medical purposes and the treatment of various disorders. As a high-quality food product, the honey industry is prone to fraud and adulteration. Moreover, limited experimental studies have investigated the impact of adulterated honey consumption using zebrafish as the animal model. The aims of this study were: (1) to calculate the lethal concentration (LC50) of acid-adulterated Apis mellifera honey on embryos, (2) to investigate the effect of pure and acid-adulterated A. mellifera honey on hatching rate (%) and heart rate of zebrafish (embryos and larvae), (3) to elucidate toxicology of selected adulterated honey based on lethal dose (LD50) using adult zebrafish and (4) to screen the metabolites profile of adulterated honey from blood serum of adult zebrafish. The result indicated the LC50 of 31.10 ± 1.63 (mg/ml) for pure A. mellifera honey, while acetic acid demonstrates the lowest LC50 (4.98 ± 0.06 mg/ml) among acid adulterants with the highest mortality rate at 96 hpf. The treatment of zebrafish embryos with adulterated A. mellifera honey significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased the hatching rate (%) and decreased the heartbeat rate. Acute, prolong-acute, and sub-acute toxicology tests on adult zebrafish were conducted at a concentration of 7% w/w of acid adulterants. Furthermore, the blood serum metabolite profile of adulterated-honey-treated zebrafish was screened by LC-MS/MS analysis and three endogenous metabolites have been revealed: (1) Xanthotoxol or 8-Hydroxypsoralen, (2) 16-Oxoandrostenediol, and (3) 3,5-Dicaffeoyl-4-succinoylquinic acid. These results prove that employed honey adulterants cause mortality that contributes to higher toxicity. Moreover, this study introduces the zebrafish toxicity test as a new promising standard technique for the potential toxicity assessment of acid-adulterated honey in this study and hazardous food adulterants for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafieh Fakhlaei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jinap Selamat
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Faizal Abdull Razis
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Natural Medicines and Products Research Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rashidah Sukor
- Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Syahida Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd, 212013, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
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Khan HAA. Lack of fitness costs associated with resistance to permethrin in Musca domestica. Sci Rep 2024; 14:245. [PMID: 38167477 PMCID: PMC10761951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50469-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance to permethrin has been reported in Pakistani strains of Musca domestica. The present study explored the performance of biological traits and analyzed life tables to determine whether there is any detrimental effect of permethrin resistance on the fitness of permethrin-resistant strains [an isogenic resistant strain (Perm-R) and a field strain (Perm-F)] compared to a susceptible strain (Perm-S). Perm-R and Perm-F exhibited 233.93- and 6.87-fold resistance to permethrin, respectively. Life table analyses revealed that the Perm-R strain had a significantly shorter preadult duration, longer longevity, shorter preoviposition period, higher fecundity, finite rate of increase, intrinsic rate of increase, net reproductive rate and a shorter mean generation time, followed by the Perm-F strain when compared to the Perm-S strain. Data of the performance of biological traits reveled that permethrin resistance strains had a better fit than that of the Perm-S strain. The enhanced fitness of resistant strains of M. domestica may accelerate resistance development to permethrin and other pyrethroids in Pakistan. Some possible measures to manage M. domestica and permethrin resistance in situations of fitness advantage are discussed.
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Khan HAA. Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Cyromazine on the Biology of Musca domestica Based on the Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table Theory. TOXICS 2023; 12:2. [PMID: 38276715 PMCID: PMC10819214 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Cyromazine is a triazine insect growth regulator insecticide that is recommended for control of Musca domestica worldwide. Cyromazine is highly effective in causing mortality of M. domestica; however, some aspects of its lethal and sublethal effects on the biology of M. domestica are still unknown. The present study explored lethal and sublethal effects on several biological traits and population parameters of M. domestica. Concentration-response bioassays of cyromazine against third-instar larvae of M. domestica exhibited sublethal and lethal effects from concentrations of 0.03 (LC10), 0.06 (LC25), and 0.14 (LC50) μg/g of a larval medium. Exposure of M. domestica larvae to these concentrations resulted in reduced fecundity, survival, longevity and oviposition period, and delayed development of immature stages (i.e., egg hatch time and larval and pupal durations) in the upcoming generation of M. domestica. The values of population parameters such as intrinsic rate of increase, finite rate of increase, net reproductive rate, age-specific survival rate and fecundity, and age-stage life expectancy and reproductive value, analyzed using the age-stage and two-sex life table theory, were significantly reduced in a concentration-dependent manner in comparison with the control group. In conclusion, the study highlights the significant effects of cyromazine on the biology of M. domestica that could help suppress its population in cases of severe infestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore P.O. Box. 54590, Pakistan
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Nawaz A, Rehman HU, Usman M, Wakeel A, Shahid MS, Alam S, Sanaullah M, Atiq M, Farooq M. Nanobiotechnology in crop stress management: an overview of novel applications. DISCOVER NANO 2023; 18:74. [PMID: 37382723 PMCID: PMC10214921 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural crops are subject to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses that adversely affect growth and reduce the yield of crop plantss. Traditional crop stress management approaches are not capable of fulfilling the food demand of the human population which is projected to reach 10 billion by 2050. Nanobiotechnology is the application of nanotechnology in biological fields and has emerged as a sustainable approach to enhancing agricultural productivity by alleviating various plant stresses. This article reviews innovations in nanobiotechnology and its role in promoting plant growth and enhancing plant resistance/tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses and the underlying mechanisms. Nanoparticles, synthesized through various approaches (physical, chemical and biological), induce plant resistance against these stresses by strengthening the physical barriers, improving plant photosynthesis and activating plant defense mechanisms. The nanoparticles can also upregulate the expression of stress-related genes by increasing anti-stress compounds and activating the expression of defense-related genes. The unique physico-chemical characteristics of nanoparticles enhance biochemical activity and effectiveness to cause diverse impacts on plants. Molecular mechanisms of nanobiotechnology-induced tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses have also been highlighted. Further research is needed on efficient synthesis methods, optimization of nanoparticle dosages, application techniques and integration with other technologies, and a better understanding of their fate in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nawaz
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Hafeez Ur Rehman
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- PEIE Research Chair for the Development of Industrial Estates and Free Zones, Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdul Wakeel
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq Shahid
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sardar Alam
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sanaullah
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atiq
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman.
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Yao Q, Liang Z, Chen B. Evidence for the Participation of Chemosensory Proteins in Response to Insecticide Challenge in Conopomorpha sinensis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1360-1368. [PMID: 36622209 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemosensory proteins (CSPs) are a type of efficient transporters that can bind various hydrophobic compounds. Previous research has shown that the expression levels of some insect CSPs were significantly increased after insecticide treatment. However, the role of CSPs in response to insecticide challenge is unclear. Conopomorpha sinensis is the most destructive borer pest of litchi (Litchi chinensis) and longan (Euphoria longan) in the Asia-Pacific region. Here, we studied the expression patterns and potential functions of 12 CSP genes (CsCSPs) from C. sinensis in response to λ-cyhalothrin exposure. The spatiotemporal distribution of CsCSPs suggested that they were predominantly expressed in the female abdomen, female legs, and male legs. The expression levels of CsCSPs were affected in a time-dependent manner after λ-cyhalothrin treatment in both sexes of C. sinensis adults. Compared to the control group, the expression levels of CsCSP1, CsCSP2, CsCSP9, and CsCSP12 in females were significantly increased by 2-4 times, while only one CsCSP, three CsCSPs, and two CsCSPs were significantly upregulated in males at three time points post-treatment. The sex-biased variance of CSP expression may be related to sex-specific detoxification enzymatic activities and survival rates of C. sinensis in response to insecticide challenge. Homology modeling and molecular docking analyses showed that the binding energy value of CsCSP1-12 to λ-cyhalothrin was negative and the binding energy between CsCSP9 and λ-cyhalothrin was the lowest (-11.35 kJ/mol). Combined with expression alterations of CsCSP1-12, the results indicate that CsCSP1, CsCSP2, CsCSP9, and CsCSP12 were involved in binding and ferrying of λ-cyhalothrin in C. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhantu Liang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Bingxu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Akhtar ZR, Afzal A, Idrees A, Zia K, Qadir ZA, Ali S, Haq IU, Ghramh HA, Niaz Y, Tahir MB, Arshad M, Li J. Lethal, Sub-Lethal and Trans-Generational Effects of Chlorantraniliprole on Biological Parameters, Demographic Traits, and Fitness Costs of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:881. [PMID: 36292828 PMCID: PMC9603994 DOI: 10.3390/insects13100881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith, 1797)] was first reported in the Americas, then spread to all the continents of the world. Chemical insecticides are frequently employed in managing fall armyworms. These insecticides have various modes of actions and target sites to kill the insects. Chlorantraniliprole is a selective insecticide with a novel mode of action and is used against Lepidopteran, Coleopteran, Isopteran, and Dipteran pests. This study determined chlorantraniliprole's lethal, sub-lethal, and trans-generational effects on two consecutive generations (F0, F1, and F2) of the fall armyworm. Bioassays revealed that chlorantraniliprole exhibited higher toxicity against fall armyworms with a LC50 of 2.781 mg/L after 48 h of exposure. Significant differences were noted in the biological parameters of fall armyworms in all generations. Sub-lethal concentrations of chlorantraniliprole showed prolonged larval and adult durations. The parameters related to the fitness cost in F0 and F1 generations showed non-significant differences. In contrast, the F2 generation showed lower fecundity at lethal (71 eggs/female) and sub-lethal (94 eggs/female) doses of chlorantraniliprole compared to the control (127.5-129.3 eggs/female). Age-stage specific survival rate (Sxj), life expectancy (Exj) and reproductive rate (Vxj) significantly differed among insecticide-treated groups in all generations compared to the control. A comparison of treated and untreated insects over generations indicated substantial differences in demographic parameters such as net reproduction rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r), and mean generation time (T). Several biological and demographic parameters were shown to be negatively impacted by chlorantraniliprole. We conclude that chlorantraniliprole may be utilized to manage fall armyworms with lesser risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunnu Raen Akhtar
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Afzal
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, 1-Km Defense Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Atif Idrees
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Khuram Zia
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
- Office of Research, Innovation & Commercialization (ORIC), University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ziyad Abdul Qadir
- Honeybee Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Shahbaz Ali
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Inzamam Ul Haq
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hamed A. Ghramh
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasir Niaz
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Tahir
- Department of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Jun Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510260, China
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