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Noor M, Kiran A, Shahbaz M, Sanaullah M, Wakeel A. Root system architecture associated zinc variability in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Sci Rep 2024; 14:1781. [PMID: 38245570 PMCID: PMC10799890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52338-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Root system architecture (RSA) plays a fundamental role in nutrient uptake, including zinc (Zn). Wheat grains are inheritably low in Zn. As Zn is an essential nutrient for plants, improving its uptake will not only improve their growth and yield but also the nutritional quality of staple grains. A rhizobox study followed by a pot study was conducted to evaluate Zn variability with respect to RSA and its impact on grain Zn concentration. The grain Zn content of one hundred wheat varieties was determined and grown in rhizoboxes with differential Zn (no Zn and 0.05 mg L-1 ZnSO4). Seedlings were harvested 12 days after sowing, and root images were taken and analyzed by SmartRoot software. Using principal component analysis, twelve varieties were screened out based on vigorous and weaker RSA with high and low grain Zn content. The screened varieties were grown in pots with (11 mg ZnSO4 kg-1 soil) and without Zn application to the soil. Zinc translocation, localization, and agronomic parameters were recorded after harvesting at maturity. In the rhizobox experiment, 4% and 8% varieties showed higher grain Zn content with vigorous and weaker RSA, respectively, while 45% and 43% varieties had lower grain Zn content with vigorous and weaker RSA. However, the pot experiment revealed that varieties with vigorous root system led to higher grain yield, though the grain Zn concentration were variable, while all varieties with weaker root system had lower yield as well as grain Zn concentration. Zincol-16 revealed the highest Zn concentration (28.07 mg kg-1) and grain weight (47.9 g). Comparatively higher level of Zn was localized in the aleurone layer than in the embryonic region and endosperm. It is concluded that genetic variability exists among wheat varieties for RSA and grain Zn content, with a significant correlation. Therefore, RSA attributes are promising targets for the Zn biofortification breeding program. However, Zn localization in endosperm needs to be further investigated to achieve the goal of reducing Zn malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehwish Noor
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Aysha Kiran
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Shahbaz
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sanaullah
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wakeel
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
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Usman M, Anastopoulos I, Hamid Y, Wakeel A. Recent trends in the use of fly ash for the adsorption of pollutants in contaminated wastewater and soils: Effects on soil quality and plant growth. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:124427-124446. [PMID: 35220542 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fly ash is one of the largest types of industrial wastes produced during the combustion of coal for energy generation. Finding efficient and sustainable solutions for its reuse has been the subject of substantial research worldwide. Here, we review the recent research data related to (i) the use of fly ash as a low-cost adsorbent for pollutants in wastewater and soils and (ii) its implications in soil-plant system. Fly ash showed prominent adsorption capacity for pollutants in water especially when it was activated or applied in composites. In addition to direct pollutant binding in soils, fly ash can enhance the soil pH indirectly increasing metals' immobilization reducing their plant uptake. Its non-selective adsorptive nature may lead to the co-adsorption of nutrients with pollutants which merits to be considered. Owing to its considerable nutrient contents, fly ash can also improve soil fertility and plant growth. The effects of fly ash on soil physico-chemical properties, microbial population and plant growth are critically evaluated. Fly ash can also contain potentially toxic contaminants (toxic metals, hydrocarbons, etc.) which could have harmful impacts on soil health and plant growth. Identifying the levels of inherent pollutants in fly ash is crucial to evaluate its suitability as a soil amendment. Negative effects of fly ash can also be addressed by using co-amendments, biological agents, and most importantly by an adequate calibration (dose and type) of fly ash based on site-specific conditions. Research directions are identified to promote the research regarding its use in wastewater treatment and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- PEIE Research Chair for the Development of Industrial Estates and Free Zones, Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Ioannis Anastopoulos
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, UoI Kostakii Campus, 47040, Arta, Greece
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecosystem Health, College of Environmental and Resources Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Abdul Wakeel
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
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Nawaz A, Ur Rehman H, Usman M, Wakeel A, Shahid MS, Alam S, Sanaullah M, Atiq M, Farooq M. Correction: Nanobiotechnology in crop stress management: an overview of novel applications. Discov Nano 2023; 18:102. [PMID: 37604993 PMCID: PMC10441949 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nawaz
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Hafeez Ur Rehman
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- PEIE Research Chair for the Development of Industrial Estates and Free Zones, Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdul Wakeel
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq Shahid
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sardar Alam
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sanaullah
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atiq
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman.
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Nawaz A, Rehman HU, Usman M, Wakeel A, Shahid MS, Alam S, Sanaullah M, Atiq M, Farooq M. Nanobiotechnology in crop stress management: an overview of novel applications. Discov Nano 2023; 18:74. [PMID: 37382723 PMCID: PMC10214921 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-023-03845-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural crops are subject to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses that adversely affect growth and reduce the yield of crop plantss. Traditional crop stress management approaches are not capable of fulfilling the food demand of the human population which is projected to reach 10 billion by 2050. Nanobiotechnology is the application of nanotechnology in biological fields and has emerged as a sustainable approach to enhancing agricultural productivity by alleviating various plant stresses. This article reviews innovations in nanobiotechnology and its role in promoting plant growth and enhancing plant resistance/tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses and the underlying mechanisms. Nanoparticles, synthesized through various approaches (physical, chemical and biological), induce plant resistance against these stresses by strengthening the physical barriers, improving plant photosynthesis and activating plant defense mechanisms. The nanoparticles can also upregulate the expression of stress-related genes by increasing anti-stress compounds and activating the expression of defense-related genes. The unique physico-chemical characteristics of nanoparticles enhance biochemical activity and effectiveness to cause diverse impacts on plants. Molecular mechanisms of nanobiotechnology-induced tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses have also been highlighted. Further research is needed on efficient synthesis methods, optimization of nanoparticle dosages, application techniques and integration with other technologies, and a better understanding of their fate in agricultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Nawaz
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Hafeez Ur Rehman
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- PEIE Research Chair for the Development of Industrial Estates and Free Zones, Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abdul Wakeel
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq Shahid
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sardar Alam
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sanaullah
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atiq
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman.
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Tufail MA, Irfan M, Umar W, Wakeel A, Schmitz RA. Mediation of gaseous emissions and improving plant productivity by DCD and DMPP nitrification inhibitors: Meta-analysis of last three decades. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:64719-64735. [PMID: 36929253 PMCID: PMC10172236 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nitrification inhibitors (NIs), especially dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), have been extensively investigated to mitigate nitrogen (N) losses from the soil and thus improve crop productivity by enhancing N use efficiency. However, to provide crop and soil-specific guidelines about using these NIs, a quantitative assessment of their efficacy in mitigating gaseous emissions, worth for nitrate leaching, and improving crop productivity under different crops and soils is yet required. Therefore, based upon 146 peer-reviewed research studies, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantify the effect of DCD and DMPP on gaseous emissions, nitrate leaching, soil inorganic N, and crop productivity under different variates. The efficacy of the NIs in reducing the emissions of CO2, CH4, NO, and N2O highly depends on the crop, soil, and experiment types. The comparative efficacy of DCD in reducing N2O emission was higher than the DMPP under maize, grasses, and fallow soils in both organic and chemical fertilizer amended soils. The use of DCD was linked to increased NH3 emission in vegetables, rice, and grasses. Depending upon the crop, soil, and fertilizer type, both the NIs decreased nitrate leaching from soils; however, DMPP was more effective. Nevertheless, the effect of DCD on crop productivity indicators, including N uptake, N use efficiency, and biomass/yield was higher than DMPP due to certain factors. Moreover, among soils, crops, and fertilizer types, the response by plant productivity indicators to the application of NIs ranged between 35 and 43%. Overall, the finding of this meta-analysis strongly suggests the use of DCD and DMPP while considering the crop, fertilizer, and soil types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute of Agriculture (NIA), Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Umar
- Institute of Environmental Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, 2100 Hungary
| | - Abdul Wakeel
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ruth A. Schmitz
- Institute for Microbiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Nisar S, Wakeel A, Tahir W, Tariq M. Minimizing Viral Transmission in COVID-19 Like Pandemics: Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunities. IEEE Sens J 2023; 23:922-932. [PMID: 36913229 PMCID: PMC9983691 DOI: 10.1109/jsen.2022.3170521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has incurred huge loss to human lives throughout the world. Scientists, researchers, and doctors are trying their best to develop and distribute the COVID-19 vaccine throughout the world at the earliest. In current circumstances, different tracking systems are utilized to control or stop the spread of the virus till the whole population of the world gets vaccinated. To track and trace patients in COVID-19 like pandemics, various tracking systems based on different technologies are discussed and compared in this paper. These technologies include, cellular, cyber, satellite-based radio navigation and low range wireless technologies. The main aim of this paper is to conduct a comprehensive survey that can overview all such tracking systems, which are used in minimizing the spread of COVID-19 like pandemics. This paper also highlights the shortcoming of each tracking systems and suggests new mechanisms to overcome such limitations. In addition, the authors propose some futuristic approaches to track patients in prospective pandemics, based on artificial intelligence and big data analysis. Potential research directions, challenges, and the introduction of next-generation tracking systems for minimizing the spread of prospective pandemics, are also discussed at the end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibli Nisar
- Department of Electrical EngineeringMilitary College of SignalsNational University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Rawalpindi 46000 Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wakeel
- Department of Electrical EngineeringMilitary College of SignalsNational University of Sciences and Technology (NUST) Rawalpindi 46000 Pakistan
| | - Wania Tahir
- Department of Electrical EngineeringBalochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS) Quetta 87300 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- Department of Electrical EngineeringNational University of Computer and Emerging Sciences Islamabad 44000 Pakistan
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Mubarak MU, Kiran A, Shahzad AN, Qayyum MF, Ishfaq M, Mahmood K, Wakeel A. Mineral biofortification of vegetables through soil-applied poultry mortality compost. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262812. [PMID: 35113909 PMCID: PMC8812912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive agricultural practices lower soil fertility, particularly micronutrients which are rarely applied to soils as chemical fertilizers. Micronutrient deficiency in soils results in inferior product quality and micronutrient malnutrition in humans. Application of compost to soil may improve crop yields and quality by enhancing macro- and micronutrients availability, enhancing soil microbial population, and improving soil physicochemical properties. Poultry mortality compost (PMC) was prepared by decomposing dead poultry birds with poultry litter in an aerated bin through indigenous microbial populations. The prepared PMC was used as an amendment in three field experiments during 2017–18 and 2018–19 to investigate the effect on yield and nutritional quality of potato, carrot, and radish. In these field trials, two compost levels, i.e., 1250 kg ha-1 (PMC1) and 1850 kg ha-1 (PMC2) were compared with the control (no compost application). The results revealed a 10–25% increase in root or tuber yield at PMC2 compared to that in the control. A substantial increase in Zn, Fe, and Mn concentrations in vegetable root/tubers was also observed. Organic matter content and microbial biomass were improved in the soil with PMC application leading to better soil health and better nutrient availability. These studies led us to conclude that the application of PMC not only enhances the vegetable yield but also biofortifies vegetables with micronutrients such as Zn, Fe, and Mn extending agricultural sustainability and eliminating micronutrient malnutrition in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair Mubarak
- Environmental Biogeochemistry Lab, Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aysha Kiran
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Farooq Qayyum
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Rothamsted Research- North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon, United Kingdom
| | - Abdul Wakeel
- Environmental Biogeochemistry Lab, Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
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Rehman HU, Alharby HF, Al-Zahrani HS, Bamagoos AA, Alsulami NB, Alabdallah NM, Iqbal T, Wakeel A. Enriching Urea with Nitrogen Inhibitors Improves Growth, N Uptake and Seed Yield in Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd) Affecting Photochemical Efficiency and Nitrate Reductase Activity. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:371. [PMID: 35161352 PMCID: PMC8840714 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa is a climate resilience potential crop for food security due to high nutritive value. However, crop variable response to nitrogen (N) use efficiency may lead to affect grain quality and yield. This study compared the performance of contrasting quinoa genotypes (UAF Q-7, EMS-line and JQH1) to fertilizer urea enriched with urease and nitrification inhibitors (NIs; 1% (w/w) thiourea + boric acid + sodium thiosulphate), ordinary urea and with no N as control. Application of NIs-enriched urea improved plant growth, N uptake and chlorophyll values in quinoa genotype UAF-Q7 and JHQ1, however, highest nitrate reductase (NR) activity was observed in EMS-line. Quinoa plants supplied with NIs-enriched urea also completed true and multiple leaf stage, bud formation, flowering, and maturity stages earlier than ordinary urea and control, nevertheless, all quinoa genotypes reached true and multiple leaf stage, flowering and maturity stages at same time. Among photosynthetic efficiency traits, application of NIs-enriched urea expressed highest photosynthetic active radiations (PAR), electron transport rate (ETR), current fluorescence (Ft) and reduced quantum yield (Y) in EMS line. Nitrogen treatments had no significant difference for panicle length, however, among genotypes, UAF-Q7 showed highest length of panicle followed by others. Among yield attributes, NIs-enriched urea expressed maximum 1000-seed weight and seed yield per plant in JQH-1 hybrid and EMS-line. Likely, an increase in quinoa grain protein contents was observed in JQH-1 hybrid for NIs-enriched urea. In conclusion, NIs-enriched urea with urease and nitrification inhibitors simultaneously can be used to improve the N uptake, seed yield and grain protein contents in quinoa, however, better crop response was attributed to enhanced plant growth and photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafeez ur Rehman
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
| | - Hesham F. Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.F.A.); (H.S.A.-Z.); (A.A.B.); (N.B.A.)
| | - Hassan S. Al-Zahrani
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.F.A.); (H.S.A.-Z.); (A.A.B.); (N.B.A.)
| | - Atif A. Bamagoos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.F.A.); (H.S.A.-Z.); (A.A.B.); (N.B.A.)
| | - Nadiah B. Alsulami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.F.A.); (H.S.A.-Z.); (A.A.B.); (N.B.A.)
| | - Nadiyah M. Alabdallah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Fasial University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Tahir Iqbal
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wakeel
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;
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Qureshi Z, Maqbool A, Mirza A, Iqbal MZ, Afzal F, Kanubala DD, Rana T, Umair MY, Wakeel A, Shah SK. Efficient Prediction of Missed Clinical Appointment Using Machine Learning. Comput Math Methods Med 2021; 2021:2376391. [PMID: 34721656 PMCID: PMC8556091 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2376391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Public health and its related facilities are crucial for thriving cities and societies. The optimum utilization of health resources saves money and time, but above all, it saves precious lives. It has become even more evident in the present as the pandemic has overstretched the existing medical resources. Specific to patient appointment scheduling, the casual attitude of missing medical appointments (no-show-ups) may cause severe damage to a patient's health. In this paper, with the help of machine learning, we analyze six million plus patient appointment records to predict a patient's behaviors/characteristics by using ten different machine learning algorithms. For this purpose, we first extracted meaningful features from raw data using data cleaning. We applied Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE), Adaptive Synthetic Sampling Method (Adasyn), and random undersampling (RUS) to balance our data. After balancing, we applied ten different machine learning algorithms, namely, random forest classifier, decision tree, logistic regression, XG Boost, gradient boosting, Adaboost Classifier, Naive Bayes, stochastic gradient descent, multilayer perceptron, and Support Vector Machine. We analyzed these results with the help of six different metrics, i.e., recall, accuracy, precision, F1-score, area under the curve, and mean square error. Our study has achieved 94% recall, 86% accuracy, 83% precision, 87% F1-score, 92% area under the curve, and 0.106 minimum mean square error. Effectiveness of presented data cleaning and feature selection is confirmed by better results in all training algorithms. Notably, recall is greater than 75%, accuracy is greater than 73%, F1-score is more significant than 75%, MSE is lesser than 0.26, and AUC is greater than 74%. The research shows that instead of individual features, combining different features helps make better predictions of a patient's appointment status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Qureshi
- CSE, MCS, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Maqbool
- DCS, NBC, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Alina Mirza
- DEE, MCS, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Farkhanda Afzal
- H&BS, MCS, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Tauseef Rana
- CSE, MCS, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mir Yasir Umair
- DEE, MCS, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wakeel
- DEE, MCS, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Ishfaq M, Wakeel A, Shahzad MN, Kiran A, Li X. Severity of zinc and iron malnutrition linked to low intake through a staple crop: a case study in east-central Pakistan. Environ Geochem Health 2021; 43:4219-4233. [PMID: 33830390 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00912-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrients deficiency in soil-plant and human is well-addressed; however, little is known about their spatial distribution, magnitude of deficiency and biological nexus. Zinc deficiency (ZnD) and iron-deficiency anemia (FeD) are two serious nutritional concerns which are negatively affecting human health. Herein, a survey-based case study was conducted in major wheat-based cropping system of east-central Pakistan. Soil and grain samples were collected from 125 field-grown wheat from 25 distinct sites/villages and GPS coordinates were taken for mapping. The collected samples were tags according to the names of 25 sites, i.e., UCs (union councils; an administrative unit). The quantified amount of zinc (Zn) or iron (Fe) in soil-wheat grains was compared with their recommended concentrations (RCZn, RCFe) for human nutrition. Additionally, clinical features of ZnD and FeD were diagnosed among local farmers who used to consume these grains, throughout the year, cultivated on their farm, and quantified their deficiency prevalence (ZnDP, FeDP). Results revealed, the collected 64% (0.54 to 5.25 mg kg-1) soils, and 96% (1.4 to 31 mg kg-1) grain samples are Zn-deficient (RCZn) along with ZnDP recorded among 68% of population. Meanwhile, FeD is quantified in 76% (1.86 to 15 mg kg-1) soil, 72% grain (2.1 to 134 mg kg-1) samples, and FeDP is found among 84% of studied population. A strong and positive correlation is developed in the Zn-or FeDP with their deficiencies in soil and grain by plotting multivariate analysis. In line with spatial distribution pattern, the UCs, namely, 141, 151, 159 and 132 are quantified severe deficient in Zn and Fe, and others are marginal or approaching to deficient level. Our findings rationalize the biological nexus of Zn and Fe, and accordingly, draw attention in the biofortification of staple crop as a win-win approach to combat the rising malnutrition concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ishfaq
- Department of Plant Nutrition, The Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Wakeel
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Shahzad
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Aysha Kiran
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan.
| | - Xuexian Li
- Department of Plant Nutrition, The Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Wakeel A, Ali I, Wu M, Liu B, Gan Y. Dichromate-induced ethylene biosynthesis, perception, and signaling regulate the variance in root growth inhibition among Shaheen basmati and basmati-385 rice varieties. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:38016-38025. [PMID: 33725299 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals, including a hexavalent form of chromium (Cr(VI)) increasing accumulation in agricultural soil, cause a significant reduction in quality, yield, and growth of rice varieties worldwide. Screening for the selection of tolerant varieties is essential for conventional and molecular breeding. Shaheen basmati (SB) and basmati-385 (B-385) rice varieties, a subspecies of indica, show different sensitivity to Cr(VI), but the underlying mechanisms of this different sensitivity remain elusive. In the current study, we examine the sensitivity of SB and B-385 based on the root, which is the primary organ that encounters water and soil containing Cr(VI), elongation assay, and ethylene's possible role (a stress-responsive phytohormone) in the process. Our results show that SB's seedlings exhibit hypersensitivity as a higher root elongation inhibition than B-385 under different Cr(VI) concentrations. Hypersensitive SB consistently expresses a higher level of ethylene biosynthesis and signaling-related genes than B-385. Moreover, ethylene signaling antagonist (silver, Ag) and biosynthesis inhibitor (aminoethoxy vinyl glycine, AVG) alleviate the difference in Cr(VI)-induced root growth inhibition between SB and B-385, respectively. Taken together, we conclude that ethylene mediates difference in sensitivity based on the difference in root growth inhibition in different rice varieties. The difference in Cr(VI)-induced root growth inhibition in SB and B-385. (A) Root growth of SB is slightly more as compared to B-385 in control conditions in the Hoagland solutions. (B) Seedlings of SB showed hypersensitivity to 200 μM Cr(VI) compared to B-385 in terms of primary root growth inhibition, which was higher in SB than B-385. Interestingly, Cr(VI)-induced relative transcript level of ethylene biosynthesis, perception, and signaling-related genes was significantly higher in hypersensitive SB than B-385. Current results in association with previous literature show that Cr(VI)-induced ethylene biosynthesis is regulating Cr(VI)-induced ethylene perception, signaling, and associated Cr(VI)-induced ethylene-mediated primary root growth inhibition. Conclusively, the difference in ethylene quantities in both varieties mediates the difference in root growth inhibition between SB and B-385 (C and E). The difference in Cr(VI)-induce root growth inhibition between SB and B-385 was significantly alleviated by ethylene signaling inhibitor (10 μM Ag, as AgNO3) and ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor (10 μM AVG) treatment in the presence of 200 μM Cr(VI), respectively. (D) Ethylene biosynthesis precursor (10 μM ACC) treatment-mediated induced root growth inhibition difference between SB and B-385 was not significant, which may be because of enough quantity of the Cr(VI)-mediated ethylene accumulation or unknown limiting factor. Arrows mean addition and an increase in expression, and T-line means suppression or inhibition. The width of the pointers (arrows) is proportional to the gene expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wakeel
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Imran Ali
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Wu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bohan Liu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinbo Gan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Kiran A, Wakeel A, Sultana R, Khalid A, Mubaraka R, Shahzad AN, Khan SJ, Noor M. Concentration and Localization of Fe and Zn in Wheat Grain as Affected by Its Application to Soil and Foliage. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2021; 106:852-858. [PMID: 33770197 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional status of people can be improved by enhancing zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) content in cereals used as staple mainly in poor resource countries. Zinc and Fe were applied through soil and foliage in a study to biofortify wheat grains. Foliar application of both micronutrients increased the growth and grain vigor as compared to soil application and control. Also, foliar application significantly enhanced Zn and Fe concentration in grain pre-dominantly localized in aleurone layer. Exogeneous application of Fe and Zn was found beneficial for plant growth and enhanced Fe and Zn concentrations in grain, however aleurone layer and embryonic region of the grain showed higher accumulations than that in endosperm. Therefore, understanding of physiological and molecular pathways for uptake and localization of Fe and Zn in wheat grains need to be critically examined to improve their concentration in grain to achieve the biofortification targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Kiran
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Wakeel
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rashida Sultana
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Khalid
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rafia Mubaraka
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Cologne Biocenter, Institute of Botany, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ahmad Naeem Shahzad
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | | | - Mehwish Noor
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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14
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Ajmal Z, Usman M, Anastopoulos I, Qadeer A, Zhu R, Wakeel A, Dong R. Use of nano-/micro-magnetite for abatement of cadmium and lead contamination. J Environ Manage 2020; 264:110477. [PMID: 32250903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Structural variations of a mineral dictate its adsorption capacity which affects the mobility and toxicity of contaminants in natural and engineered systems. Present batch study evaluates the adsorption of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) onto three magnetites having nanometric (M1-30 nm and M2-60 nm) and micrometric particle sizes (M3-1.5 μm). Obtained data revealed that particle size of tested magnetites strongly affected the extent and kinetics of metal adsorption and desorption. Observed order of adsorption efficiency was M1 > M2 > M3 with optimum monolayer adsorption of 408.14, 331.40, 178.47 mg/g (for Pb) and 228.05, 170.86, 83.49 mg/g (for Cd), respectively. Adsorption data were well fitted to the Freundlich (R2 = 0.99), Langmuir (R2 = 0.99) and pseudo-first order models (R2 = 0.98). Electrostatic attraction and surface precipitation interaction via external mass transfer between bulk liquid-solid interfaces were the potential adsorption pathways. Pb showed higher affinity than Cd in multi-metal system. Desorption efficiency was higher in acidic environment (92%) than in distilled water (44%). Moreover, regenerated magnetite samples retained good adsorption capacity for six cycles. As soils are characterized by large variability of iron minerals, these findings have important implications regarding the transport and immobilization of contaminants particularly in the management of contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Ajmal
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan; MoA Key Laboratory for Clean Production and Utilization of Renewable Energy, MoST National Center for International Research of BioEnergy Science and Technology, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan; PEIE Research Chair of Public Establishment for Industrial Estates and Free Zones, Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Ioannis Anastopoulos
- Radioanalytical and Environmental Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Nicosia, CY-1678, Cyprus
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan; Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Runliang Zhu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510640, Guangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Wakeel
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Renjie Dong
- MoA Key Laboratory for Clean Production and Utilization of Renewable Energy, MoST National Center for International Research of BioEnergy Science and Technology, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China
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Usman M, Farooq M, Wakeel A, Nawaz A, Cheema SA, Rehman HU, Ashraf I, Sanaullah M. Nanotechnology in agriculture: Current status, challenges and future opportunities. Sci Total Environ 2020; 721:137778. [PMID: 32179352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology has shown promising potential to promote sustainable agriculture. This article reviews the recent developments on applications of nanotechnology in agriculture including crop production and protection with emphasis on nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, nanobiosensors and nano-enabled remediation strategies for contaminated soils. Nanomaterials play an important role regarding the fate, mobility and toxicity of soil pollutants and are essential part of different biotic and abiotic remediation strategies. Efficiency and fate of nanomaterials is strongly dictated by their properties and interactions with soil constituents which is also critically discussed in this review. Investigations into the remediation applications and fate of nanoparticles in soil remain scarce and are mostly limited to laboratory studies. Once entered in the soil system, nanomaterials may affect the soil quality and plant growth which is discussed in context of their effects on nutrient release in target soils, soil biota, soil organic matter and plant morphological and physiological responses. The mechanisms involved in uptake and translocation of nanomaterials within plants and associated defense mechanisms have also been discussed. Future research directions have been identified to promote the research into sustainable development of nano-enabled agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman
- PEIE Research Chair for the Development of Industrial Estates and Free Zones, Center for Environmental Studies and Research, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman.
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman; Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wakeel
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Nawaz
- Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Sardar Alam Cheema
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hafeez Ur Rehman
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Imran Ashraf
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sanaullah
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
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Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is considered as one of the chronic pollutants that cause damage to all living forms, including plants. Various industries release an excessive amount of Cr into the environment. The increasing accumulation of Cr in agricultural land causes a significant decrease in the yield and quality of economically important crops. The Cr-induced biochemical, molecule, cytotoxic, genotoxic, and hormonal impairments cause the inhibition of plant growth and development. In the current study, we reviewed Cr morpho-phytotoxicity related scientific reports published between 2009 to 2019. We mainly focused on the Cr-induced inhibition of seed germination and total biomass production. Furthermore, Cr-mediated reduction in the root, branches, and leave growth and development were separately discussed. The Cr uptake mechanism and interference with the macro and micro-nutrient uptake were also discussed and visualized via a functional model. Moreover, a comprehensive functional model has been presented for the Cr release from the industries, its accumulation in the agricultural land, and ultimate morpho-phytotoxicity. It is concluded that Cr-reduces plant growth and development via its excess accumulation in the plant different parts and/or disruption of nutrient uptake.
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Wakeel A, Xu M, Gan Y. Chromium-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation by Altering the Enzymatic Antioxidant System and Associated Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, Ultrastructural, and Photosynthetic Changes in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030728. [PMID: 31979101 PMCID: PMC7037945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is one of the top seven toxic heavy metals, being ranked 21st among the abundantly found metals in the earth’s crust. A huge amount of Cr releases from various industries and Cr mines, which is accumulating in the agricultural land, is significantly reducing the crop development, growth, and yield. Chromium mediates phytotoxicity either by direct interaction with different plant parts and metabolic pathways or it generates internal stress by inducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Thus, the role of Cr-induced ROS in the phytotoxicity is very important. In the current study, we reviewed the most recent publications regarding Cr-induced ROS, Cr-induced alteration in the enzymatic antioxidant system, Cr-induced lipid peroxidation and cell membrane damage, Cr-induced DNA damage and genotoxicity, Cr-induced ultrastructural changes in cell and subcellular level, and Cr-induced alterations in photosynthesis and photosynthetic apparatus. Taken together, we conclude that Cr-induced ROS and the suppression of the enzymatic antioxidant system actually mediate Cr-induced cytotoxic, genotoxic, ultrastructural, and photosynthetic changes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wakeel
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
| | - Ming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, College of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China;
- Correspondence: (M.X.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yinbo Gan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Correspondence: (M.X.); (Y.G.)
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Wakeel A, Jan SA, Ullah I, Shinwari ZK, Xu M. Solvent polarity mediates phytochemical yield and antioxidant capacity of Isatis tinctoria. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7857. [PMID: 31616599 PMCID: PMC6790100 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary metabolites have been extensively used in the treatment of various health problems. The role of solvent polarity on the phytochemical isolation and antioxidant capacity of Isatis tinctoria (woad) is elusive. In the present study, 14 solvents with different polarity were used in the extraction and total phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC and TFC) investigation. Ferricyanide, phosphomolybdenum, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods were used to calculate and compare the antioxidant/free radical scavenging capacity. Our results showed that solvent polarity greatly affects TPC and TFC yield, which is mainly increasing with increasing solvent polarity index and suddenly decreasing at very high polarity. The comparative results showed that TPC is directly correlated with reducing power, antioxidant, and free radical scavenging capacity. Taken together, we conclude that different woad plant parts contain different level of secondary metabolites with a specific polarity that requires a particular solvent with an appropriate polarity index for the extraction. The identification of these biologically active crude extracts and fractions are very important for the basic biological sciences, pharmaceutical applications, and future research for HPLC based active compounds isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wakeel
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, School of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- Molecular Systematics and Applied Ethnobotany Lab (MoSAEL), Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Ahmad Jan
- Department of Biotechnology, Hazara University, Dodhial, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ullah
- Molecular Systematics and Applied Ethnobotany Lab (MoSAEL), Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zabta Khan Shinwari
- Molecular Systematics and Applied Ethnobotany Lab (MoSAEL), Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, School of Environment and Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, New Jersey—Camden, United States of America
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Gul M, Wakeel A, Steffens D, Lindberg S. Potassium-induced decrease in cytosolic Na + alleviates deleterious effects of salt stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2019; 21:825-831. [PMID: 31034750 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of NaCl in soil causes osmotic stress in plants, and sodium (Na+ ) and chloride (Cl- ) cause ion toxicity, but also reduce the potassium (K+ ) uptake by plant roots and stimulate the K+ efflux through the cell membrane. Thus, decreased K+ /Na+ ratio in plant tissue lead us to hypothesise that elevated levels of K+ in nutrient medium enhance this ratio in plant tissue and cytosol to improve enzyme activation, osmoregulation and charge balance. In this study, wheat was cultivated at different concentrations of K+ (2.2, 4.4 or 8.8 mm) with or without salinity (1, 60 or 120 mm NaCl) and the effects on growth, root and shoot Na+ and K+ distribution and grain yield were determined. Also, the cytosolic Na+ concentration was investigated, as well as photosynthesis rate and water potential. Salinity reduced fresh weight of both shoots and roots and dry weight of roots. The grain yield was significantly reduced under Na+ stress and improved with elevated K+ fertilisation. Elevated K+ level during cultivation prevented the accumulation of Na+ into the cytosol of both shoot and root protoplasts. Wheat growth at vegetative stage was transiently reduced at the highest K+ concentration, perhaps due to plants' efforts to overcome a high solute concentration in the plant tissue, nevertheless grain yield was increased at both K+ levels. In conclusion, a moderately elevated K+ application to wheat seedlings reduces tissue as well as cytosolic Na+ concentration and enhances wheat growth and grain yield by mitigating the deleterious effects of Na+ toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gul
- Department of Soil Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Wakeel
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - D Steffens
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - S Lindberg
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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Shahzad AN, Rizwan M, Asghar MG, Qureshi MK, Bukhari SAH, Kiran A, Wakeel A. Early maturing Bt cotton requires more potassium fertilizer under water deficiency to augment seed-cotton yield but not lint quality. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7378. [PMID: 31089147 PMCID: PMC6517391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43563-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Exhaustive crops such as cotton require potassium (K) in copious amounts as compared to other crops. High yielding cultivars in cotton-wheat cropping system, have further increased its demand in cotton growing areas of Pakistan. As cotton is grown in arid and semiarid areas, therefore often prone to water deficiency. The reproductive growth particularly flowering and boll setting are highly sensitive to low soil water potentials, where enough K supply can play a vital role. In this two-year field studies, three cultivars (early, mid and late maturing) were cultivated at two K fertilizer levels 100, 200 kg K ha-1 along with control with no K fertilizer application at two irrigation levels. In first irrigation level, water was applied as per full irrigation schedule, while in water deficit irrigation water was applied at deficit irrigation schedule started after flowering till harvesting. It has been revealed that K application has impact on boll setting as well as seed cotton yield, however early and mid-maturing cultivars are more responsive to K fertilization. Furthermore, irrigation level had significant impact against K fertilization and relatively better response was observed in deficit irrigation as compared to full irrigation. Nevertheless, fiber quality parameters were unaffected by K fertilization. Considering the best benefit cost ratio under water deficiency, it is concluded that 100 kg K2O ha-1 should be applied at the time of seed bed preparation for economical seed-cotton yield of early maturing Bt cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Naeem Shahzad
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Malik Ghulam Asghar
- Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran Qureshi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | | | - Aysha Kiran
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wakeel
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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21
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Mehwish S, Islam A, Ullah I, Wakeel A, Qasim M, Khan MA, Ahmad A, Ullah N. In vitro antileishmanial and antioxidant potential, cytotoxicity evaluation and phytochemical analysis of extracts from selected medicinally important plants. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2019.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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22
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Brewer KD, Spitler R, Lee KR, Chan AC, Barrozo JC, Wakeel A, Foote CS, Machtaler S, Rioux J, Willmann JK, Chakraborty P, Rice BW, Contag CH, Bell CB, Rutt BK. Characterization of Magneto-Endosymbionts as MRI Cell Labeling and Tracking Agents. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 20:65-73. [PMID: 28616842 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1093-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Magneto-endosymbionts (MEs) show promise as living magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents for in vivo cell tracking. Here we characterize the biomedical imaging properties of ME contrast agents, in vitro and in vivo. PROCEDURES By adapting and engineering magnetotactic bacteria to the intracellular niche, we are creating magneto-endosymbionts (MEs) that offer advantages relative to passive iron-based contrast agents (superparamagnetic iron oxides, SPIOs) for cell tracking. This work presents a biomedical imaging characterization of MEs including: MRI transverse relaxivity (r 2) for MEs and ME-labeled cells (compared to a commercially available iron oxide nanoparticle); microscopic validation of labeling efficiency and subcellular locations; and in vivo imaging of a MDA-MB-231BR (231BR) human breast cancer cells in a mouse brain. RESULTS At 7T, r 2 relaxivity of bare MEs was higher (250 s-1 mM-1) than that of conventional SPIO (178 s-1 mM-1). Optimized in vitro loading of MEs into 231BR cells yielded 1-4 pg iron/cell (compared to 5-10 pg iron/cell for conventional SPIO). r 2 relaxivity dropped by a factor of ~3 upon loading into cells, and was on the same order of magnitude for ME-loaded cells compared to SPIO-loaded cells. In vivo, ME-labeled cells exhibited strong MR contrast, allowing as few as 100 cells to be detected in mice using an optimized 3D SPGR gradient-echo sequence. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the potential of magneto-endosymbionts as living MR contrast agents. They have r 2 relaxivity values comparable to traditional iron oxide nanoparticle contrast agents, and provide strong MR contrast when loaded into cells and implanted in tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly D Brewer
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC), Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Radiology Department and Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Spitler
- Radiology Department and Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Steven Machtaler
- Radiology Department and Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - James Rioux
- Biomedical Translational Imaging Centre (BIOTIC), Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.,Radiology Department and Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Juergen K Willmann
- Radiology Department and Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Christopher H Contag
- Radiology Department and Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Brian K Rutt
- Radiology Department and Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. .,Richard M. Lucas Center for Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, The Lucas Expansion, Room PS-064, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, CA, 94305-5488, USA.
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23
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Wu M, Upreti S, Yan A, Wakeel A, Wu J, Ge S, Liu Y, Liu B, Gan Y. SPATULA regulates floral transition and photomorphogenesis in a PHYTOCHROME B-dependent manner in Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2380-2385. [PMID: 29966653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Light is the most important exogenous stimulus regulating plant growth and various developmental processes. Phytochromes, especially PHYTOCHROME B (PHYB) mediates the various light-mediated processes in Arabidopsis. SPATULA (SPT) is an important transcription factor, which has been reported previously to participate in temperature-mediated transition from seed dormancy to germination. Here we investigate the function of SPT in the floral transition under long day conditions and photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. In this study, spt-2 shows significantly delayed flowering time. But mutation of SPT in the background of phyb-1 rescues the phenotype of spt-2. The flowering time of double mutant of spt-2/phyb-1 is similar with the wild type. These results indicate that SPT promotes the transition from vegetative stage to floral stage and it regulates this transition in a PHYB-dependent manner. With qRT-PCR analysis, it is found that SPT regulates flowering time via FLC, SVP, FT and SOC1. Furthermore, SPT also controls photomorphogenesis. spt-2 displays shortened hypocotyls and increased chlorophylls contents compared with the wild type. These phenotypes are also rescued in the double mutant of spt-2/phyb-1. These results indicate that SPT is also involved in photomorphogenic development in Arabidopsis and SPT regulates photomorphogenesis in a PHYB-dependent manner. Collectively, SPT is not only a temperature responder but it is also an important light regulator during plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Wu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sakila Upreti
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - An Yan
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore, 637616, Singapore
| | - Abdul Wakeel
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Junyu Wu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Song Ge
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yihua Liu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bohan Liu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yinbo Gan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Wakeel A, Gan Y. A model for the ethylene-mediated auxin distribution under Cr(VI) stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Signal Behav 2018; 13:e1473685. [PMID: 30081766 PMCID: PMC6149494 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1473685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chromium is one of the top 20 highly toxic heavy metals, which affect agricultural land and economically important crops all over the world. The plant responds to cope with the adverse effects caused by exogenous stimuli. The most important plant's growth, as well as stress response components, are the diverse group of phytohormones. Plant root being the first organ that counters soil contaminant, can be severely damaged. Auxin and ethylene are the most important phytohormones of the root growth and development. It is also reported that auxin is and ethylene play acts synergistically against various abiotic stresses. In a recently published article in Plant, Cell, and Environment we reported that high Cr(VI) levels-induced ethylene mediates auxin distribution. We further reported that Cr(VI)-induced ethylene-mediated auxin is involved in the primary root growth inhibition. In the current, study we proposed a functional model for the Cr(V)-induced ethylene-mediated root growth inhibition by modulating cell cycle and auxin distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wakeel
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibo Gan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wakeel A, Ali I, Upreti S, Azizullah A, Liu B, Khan AR, Huang L, Wu M, Gan Y. Ethylene mediates dichromate-induced inhibition of primary root growth by altering AUX1 expression and auxin accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Environ 2018; 41:1453-1467. [PMID: 29499078 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The hexavalent form of chromium [Cr(VI)] causes a major reduction in yield and quality of crops worldwide. The root is the first plant organ that interacts with Cr(VI) toxicity, which inhibits primary root elongation, but the underlying mechanisms of this inhibition remain elusive. In this study, we investigate the possibility that Cr(VI) reduces primary root growth of Arabidopsis by modulating the cell cycle-related genes and that ethylene signalling contributes to this process. We show that Cr(VI)-mediated inhibition of primary root elongation was alleviated by the ethylene perception and biosynthesis antagonists silver and cobalt, respectively. Furthermore, the ethylene signalling defective mutants (ein2-1 and etr1-3) were insensitive, whereas the overproducer mutant (eto1-1) was hypersensitive to Cr(VI). We also report that high levels of Cr(VI) significantly induce the distribution and accumulation of auxin in the primary root tips, but this increase was significantly suppressed in seedlings exposed to silver or cobalt. In addition, genetic and physiological investigations show that AUXIN-RESISTANT1 (AUX1) participates in Cr(VI)-induced inhibition of primary root growth. Taken together, our results indicate that ethylene mediates Cr(VI)-induced inhibition of primary root elongation by increasing auxin accumulation and polar transport by stimulating the expression of AUX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wakeel
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Imran Ali
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Sakila Upreti
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Azizullah Azizullah
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Bohan Liu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ali Raza Khan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linli Huang
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Wu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinbo Gan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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26
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Lee KR, Wakeel A, Chakraborty P, Foote CS, Kajiura L, Barrozo JC, Chan AC, Bazarov AV, Spitler R, Kutny PM, Denegre JM, Taft RA, Seemann J, Rice BW, Contag CH, Rutt BK, Bell CB. Cell Labeling with Magneto-Endosymbionts and the Dissection of the Subcellular Location, Fate, and Host Cell Interactions. Mol Imaging Biol 2018; 20:55-64. [PMID: 28631141 PMCID: PMC5736464 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-017-1094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purposes of this study are to characterize magneto-endosymbiont (ME) labeling of mammalian cells and to discern the subcellular fate of these living contrast agents. MEs are novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents that are being used for cell tracking studies. Understanding the fate of MEs in host cells is valuable for designing in vivo cell tracking experiments. PROCEDURES The ME's surface epitopes, contrast-producing paramagnetic magnetosomal iron, and genome were studied using immunocytochemistry (ICC), Fe and MRI contrast measurements, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively. These assays, coupled with other common assays, enabled validation of ME cell labeling and dissection of ME subcellular processing. RESULTS The assays mentioned above provide qualitative and quantitative assessments of cell labeling, the subcellular localization and the fate of MEs. ICC results, with an ME-specific antibody, qualitatively shows homogenous labeling with MEs. The ferrozine assay shows that MEs have an average of 7 fg Fe/ME, ∼30 % of which contributes to MRI contrast and ME-labeled MDA-MB-231 (MDA-231) cells generally have 2.4 pg Fe/cell, implying ∼350 MEs/cell. Adjusting the concentration of Fe in the ME growth media reduces the concentration of non-MRI contrast-producing Fe. Results from the qPCR assay, which quantifies ME genomes in labeled cells, shows that processing of MEs begins within 24 h in MDA-231 cells. ICC results suggest this intracellular digestion of MEs occurs by the lysosomal degradation pathway. MEs coated with listeriolysin O (LLO) are able to escape the primary phagosome, but subsequently co-localize with LC3, an autophagy-associated molecule, and are processed for digestion. In embryos, where autophagy is transiently suppressed, MEs show an increased capacity for survival and even replication. Finally, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of ME-labeled MDA-231 cells confirms that the magnetosomes (the MRI contrast-producing particles) remain intact and enable in vivo cell tracking. CONCLUSIONS MEs are used to label mammalian cells for the purpose of cell tracking in vivo, with MRI. Various assays described herein (ICC, ferrozine, and qPCR) allow qualitative and quantitative assessments of labeling efficiency and provide a detailed understanding of subcellular processing of MEs. In some cell types, MEs are digested, but the MRI-producing particles remain. Coating with LLO allows MEs to escape the primary phagosome, enhances retention slightly, and confirms that MEs are ultimately processed by autophagy. Numerous intracellular bacteria and all endosymbiotically derived organelles have evolved molecular mechanisms to avoid intracellular clearance, and identification of the specific processes involved in ME clearance provides a framework on which to develop MEs with enhanced retention in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ryan Spitler
- Pediatrics-Neonatology and Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Peter M Kutny
- Microinjection Service, Genetic Engineering Technologies, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | | | - Rob A Taft
- Division of Reproductive Technologies, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Joachim Seemann
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Christopher H Contag
- Pediatrics-Neonatology and Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Brian K Rutt
- Radiology Department and Molecular Imaging Program (MIPS), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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Wakeel A, Ali I, Khan AR, Wu M, Upreti S, Liu D, Liu B, Gan Y. Involvement of histone acetylation and deacetylation in regulating auxin responses and associated phenotypic changes in plants. Plant Cell Rep 2018; 37:51-59. [PMID: 28948334 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2205-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The most recent outcomes about the transcription factors and transcription complexes mediated auxin signaling pathway by the histone acetylation and deacetylation. The phytohormone auxin, is required to regulate its accumulation spatiotemporally and responses to orchestrate various developmental levels in plants. Histone acetylation and deacetylation modulate auxin biosynthesis, its distribution and accumulation. In the absence of auxin, histone deacetylase represses the expression of auxin-responsive genes. Various transcription factors and transcription complexes facilitate the proper regulation of auxin signaling pathway genes. The primary and lateral root development, promotion of flowering and initiation of seed germination are all regulated by auxin-mediated histone acetylation and deacetylation. These findings conclude the auxin mode of action, which is mediated by histone acetylation and deacetylation, and associated phenotypic responses in plants, along with the underlying mechanism of these modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wakeel
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Imran Ali
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ali Raza Khan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Wu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sakila Upreti
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bohan Liu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinbo Gan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Ali I, Jan M, Wakeel A, Azizullah A, Liu B, Islam F, Ali A, Daud MK, Liu Y, Gan Y. Biochemical responses and ultrastructural changes in ethylene insensitive mutants of Arabidopsis thialiana subjected to bisphenol A exposure. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2017; 144:62-71. [PMID: 28601518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA), an important raw material in plastic industry, has become a serious environmental contaminant due to its wide spread use in different products and increasing release into the environment. BPA is known to cause adverse effects in living organisms including plants. Several studies reported that BPA affects growth and development in plants, mainly through oxidative stress. Plants are known to generally cope with stress mainly through hormonal regulation and adaptation, but little is known about the role of plant hormones in plants under BPA stress. The present study was conducted to investigate the role of ethylene in BPA induced oxidative stress in plants using Arabidopsis thaliana as a test plant. The response of ethylene insensitive mutants of Arabidopsis (ein2-1 and etr1-3) to BPA exposure was studied in comparison to the wild type Arabidopsis (WT). In all three genotypes, exposure to BPA adversely affected cellular structures, stomata and light-harvesting pigments. An increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) lipid peroxidation and other oxidative stress markers indicated that BPA induced toxicity through oxidative stress. However, the overall results revealed that WT Arabidopsis had more pronounced BPA induced damages while ein2-1 and etr1-3 mutants withstood the BPA induced stress more efficiently. The activity of antioxidant enzymes and expression of antioxidants related genes revealed that the antioxidant defense system in both mutants was more efficiently activated than in WT against BPA induced oxidative stress, which further evidenced the involvement of ethylene in regulating BPA induced oxidative stress. It is concluded that ethylene perception and signaling may be involved in BPA induced oxidative stress responses in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Mehmood Jan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abdul Wakeel
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Azizullah Azizullah
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Bohan Liu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Faisal Islam
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abid Ali
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - M K Daud
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Yihua Liu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinbo Gan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Naz R, Ayub H, Nawaz S, Islam ZU, Yasmin T, Bano A, Wakeel A, Zia S, Roberts TH. Antimicrobial activity, toxicity and anti-inflammatory potential of methanolic extracts of four ethnomedicinal plant species from Punjab, Pakistan. BMC Complement Altern Med 2017; 17:302. [PMID: 28595608 PMCID: PMC5465528 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-017-1815-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Background The plant species Aristolochia indica (AI), Melilotus indicus (MI), Tribulus terrestris (TT) and Cuscuta pedicellata (CP) are widely used in folk medicine in the villages around Chowk Azam, South Punjab, Pakistan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity, phytochemical composition, and the antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory potential of the four medicinal plants listed above. For CP stem, this study represents (to the best of our knowledge) the first time phytochemicals have been identified and the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential determined. Methods Phytochemicals were analyzed through chemical tests, thin layer chromatography (TLC) and spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant activities (DPPH and H2O2) were also determined through spectrophotometric methods. Extracts were evaluated for antibacterial potential via the agar well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Acinetobacter baumannii. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by the microdilution method. Antifungal activities were tested using the agar tube dilution method against three species: Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus oryzae. The cytotoxic potential of the plant extracts was checked using the brine shrimp assay. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the selected plant extracts was evaluated using albumin denaturation, membrane stabilization and proteinase inhibitory assays. Results Of all the methanolic extracts tested, those from CP (stem) and TTF (T. terrestris fruit) had the highest phenolic, flavonoid and flavonol contents (497±4 mg GAE/g, 385±8 mg QE/g and 139±4 mg QE/g; 426±5 mg GAE/g, 371±8 mg QE/g and 138±6 mg QE/g, respectively) and also exhibited strong antioxidant potential in scavenging DPPH and hydrogen peroxide (IC50 values; 20±1 and 18±0.7 μg/mL; 92±2 and 26±2 μg/mL, respectively). CP, TTF and TTL (T. terrestris leaf) extracts substantially inhibited the growth of the bacteria A. baumannii, S. aureus, and K. pneumonia and also exhibited the highest antifungal potential. The ranking of the plant extracts for cytotoxicity was TTF > TTL > AI > CP > MI, while the ranking for in vitro anti-inflammatory potential at a concentration of 200 μg/mL of the selected plant extracts was CP > TTL, TTF > AI > MI. The lowest IC50 (28 μg/mL) observed in the albumin denaturation assay was for CP. Positive correlations were observed between total phenolics, antioxidants, antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential of the selected plant extracts, indicating a significant contribution of phenolic compounds in the plant extracts to these activities. Conclusions This study revealed the strong antimicrobial, antioxidant, cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory potential of the plant species CP and TT used in folk medicine.
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Li XR, Wakeel A, Huang TL, Wu GL, Huang X. Recrystallization textures and microstructures of Al-0.3%Cu alloy after deformation to high strains. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/89/1/012032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Wakeel A, den Dulk-Ras A, Hooykaas PJJ, McBride JW. Ehrlichia chaffeensis tandem repeat proteins and Ank200 are type 1 secretion system substrates related to the repeats-in-toxin exoprotein family. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2011; 1:22. [PMID: 22919588 PMCID: PMC3417381 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2011.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ehrlichia chaffeensis has type 1 and 4 secretion systems (T1SS and T4SS), but the substrates have not been identified. Potential substrates include secreted tandem repeat protein (TRP) 47, TRP120, and TRP32, and the ankyrin repeat protein, Ank200, that are involved in molecular host–pathogen interactions including DNA binding and a network of protein–protein interactions with host targets associated with signaling, transcriptional regulation, vesicle trafficking, and apoptosis. In this study we report that E. chaffeensis TRP47, TRP32, TRP120, and Ank200 were not secreted in the Agrobacterium tumefaciens Cre recombinase reporter assay routinely used to identify T4SS substrates. In contrast, all TRPs and the Ank200 proteins were secreted by the Escherichia coli complemented with the hemolysin secretion system (T1SS), and secretion was reduced in a T1SS mutant (ΔTolC), demonstrating that these proteins are T1SS substrates. Moreover, T1SS secretion signals were identified in the C-terminal domains of the TRPs and Ank200, and a detailed bioinformatic analysis of E. chaffeensis TRPs and Ank200 revealed features consistent with those described in the repeats-in-toxins (RTX) family of exoproteins, including glycine- and aspartate-rich tandem repeats, homology with ATP-transporters, a non-cleavable C-terminal T1SS signal, acidic pIs, and functions consistent with other T1SS substrates. Using a heterologous E. coli T1SS, this investigation has identified the first Ehrlichia T1SS substrates supporting the conclusion that the T1SS and corresponding substrates are involved in molecular host–pathogen interactions that contribute to Ehrlichia pathobiology. Further investigation of the relationship between Ehrlichia TRPs, Ank200, and the RTX exoprotein family may lead to a greater understanding of the importance of T1SS substrates and specific functions of T1SS in the pathobiology of obligately intracellular bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wakeel
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Wakeel A, Asif AR, Pitann B, Schubert S. Proteome analysis of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) elucidates constitutive adaptation during the first phase of salt stress. J Plant Physiol 2011; 168:519-26. [PMID: 20980072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of the major stress factors responsible for growth reduction of most of the higher plants. In this study, the effect of salt stress on protein pattern in shoots and roots of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) was examined. Sugar beet plants were grown in hydroponics under control and 125 mM salt treatments. A significant growth reduction of shoots and roots was observed. The changes in protein expression, caused by salinity, were monitored using two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis. Most of the detected proteins in sugar beet showed stability under salt stress. The statistical analysis of detected proteins showed that the expression of only six proteins from shoots and three proteins from roots were significantly altered. At this stage, the significantly changed protein expressions we detected could not be attributed to sugar beet adaptation under salt stress. However, unchanged membrane bound proteins under salt stress did reveal the constitutive adaptation of sugar beet to salt stress at the plasma membrane level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wakeel
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
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Wakeel A, Sümer A, Hanstein S, Yan F, Schubert S. In vitro effect of different Na+/K+ ratios on plasma membrane H+ -ATPase activity in maize and sugar beet shoot. Plant Physiol Biochem 2011; 49:341-5. [PMID: 21282062 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2011.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth is impaired primarily by osmotic stress in the first phase of salt stress, whereas Na+ toxicity affects the plant growth mainly in the second phase. Salinity leads to increased Na+/K+ ratio and thus displacement of K+ by Na+ in the plant cell. Relatively higher cytosolic Na+ concentrations may have an effect on the activity of plasma membrane (PM) H+ -ATPase. A decreased PM-H+ -ATPase activity could increase the apoplastic pH. This process could limit the cell-wall extensibility and thus reduce growth according to the acid growth theory. To compare the effect of Na+ on PM H+ -ATPase activity in salt-sensitive maize (Zea mays L.) and salt-resistant sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) shoot, PM vesicles were isolated from growing shoots of both species and ATPase activity was determined by assaying the P(i) released by hydrolysis of ATP. The H+ pumping activity was measured as the quenching of acridine-orange absorbance. An increased Na+/K+ ratio decreased the PM H+ -ATPase activity in vesicles of maize as well as of sugar beet shoots. Nevertheless, the detrimental effect of increased Na+/K+ ratio was more severe in salt-sensitive maize compared to salt-resistant sugar beet. At 25 mM Na+ concentration, hydrolytic activity was not affected in sugar beet. However, a significant decrease in hydrolytic activity was observed in maize at pH 7. In maize and sugar beet, reduction in active H+ flux was 20% and 5% at 25 mM Na+ concentration in the assay, respectively. The active H+ flux was decreased to 80% and 60%, when 100 mM K+ were substituted by 100mM Na+. We conclude that PM H+ -ATPases of salt-resistant sugar beet and maize shoot are sensitive to higher concentration of Na+. However, sugar beet PM-H+ -ATPases are relatively efficient and may have constitutive resistance against lower concentration (25 mM) of Na+ as compared to that of salt-sensitive maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wakeel
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, Giessen, Germany.
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Wakeel A, Hanstein S, Pitann B, Schubert S. Hydrolytic and pumping activity of H+-ATPase from leaves of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) as affected by salt stress. J Plant Physiol 2010; 167:725-31. [PMID: 20189265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2009.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall extensibility plays an important role in plant growth. According to the acid-growth theory, lower apoplastic pH allows extension growth by affecting cell wall extensibility. A lowered apoplastic pH is presumed to activate wall-loosening enzymes that control plant growth. Plasma membrane (PM) H(+)-ATPases play a major role in the apoplastic acidification by H(+) transport from cytosol to the apoplast. A salt-induced decrease in H(+)-pumping activity of plasma membrane H(+)-ATPases in salt-sensitive maize plants has previously been found. This led us to formulate the hypothesis that salt-resistant plant species such as sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) may have a mechanism to eliminate the effect of higher salt concentrations on plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase activity. In the present study, sugar beet plants were grown in 1mM NaCl (control) or 150 mM NaCl in hydroponics. H(+)-ATPase hydrolytic and pumping activities were measured in plasma membrane vesicles isolated from sugar beet shoots. We found that plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase hydrolytic and pumping activities were not affected by application of 150 mM NaCl. Moreover, apoplastic pH was also not affected under salt stress. However, a decrease in plant growth was observed. We assume that growth reduction was not due to a decrease in PM-H(+)-ATPase activity, but that other factors may be responsible for growth inhibition of sugar beet plants under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wakeel
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
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Wakeel A, Abd‐El‐Motagally F, Steffens D, Schubert S. Sodium‐induced calcium deficiency in sugar beet during substitution of potassium by sodium. Z Pflanzenernähr Bodenk 2009; 172:254-260. [DOI: 10.1002/jpln.200800236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wakeel
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich‐Buff‐Ring 26–32, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Fathi Abd‐El‐Motagally
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich‐Buff‐Ring 26–32, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Diedrich Steffens
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich‐Buff‐Ring 26–32, 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Sven Schubert
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Interdisciplinary Research Center (IFZ), Justus Liebig University, Heinrich‐Buff‐Ring 26–32, 35392 Gießen, Germany
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