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Dorai APS, Umina PA, Chirgwin E, Yang Q, Gu X, Thia J, Hoffmann A. Novel transinfections of Rickettsiella do not affect insecticide tolerance in Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi, or Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Aphididae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 117:1377-1384. [PMID: 38935037 PMCID: PMC11318624 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) are economically important crop pests worldwide. Because of growing issues with insecticide resistance and environmental contamination by insecticides, alternate methods are being explored to provide aphid control. Aphids contain endosymbiotic bacteria that affect host fitness and could be targeted as potential biocontrol agents, but such novel strategies should not impact the effectiveness of traditional chemical control. In this work, we used a novel endosymbiont transinfection to examine the impact of the endosymbiont Rickettsiella viridis on chemical tolerance in 3 important agricultural pest species of aphid: Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko ex Kurdjumov) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). We tested tolerance to the commonly used insecticides alpha-cypermethrin, bifenthrin, and pirimicarb using a leaf-dip bioassay. We found no observed effect of this novel endosymbiont transinfection on chemical tolerance, suggesting that the strain of Rickettsiella tested here could be used as a biocontrol agent without affecting sensitivity to insecticides. This may allow Rickettsiella transinfections to be used in combination with chemical applications for pest control. The impacts of other endosymbionts on insecticide tolerance should be considered, along with tests on multiple aphid clones with different inherent levels of chemical tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashritha Prithiv Sivaji Dorai
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A Umina
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Cesar Australia, Brunswick, VIC 3056, Australia
| | | | - Qiong Yang
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Xinyue Gu
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Joshua Thia
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ary Hoffmann
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Mata L, Knapp RA, McDougall R, Overton K, Hoffmann AA, Umina PA. Acute toxicity effects of pesticides on beneficial organisms - Dispelling myths for a more sustainable use of chemicals in agricultural environments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172521. [PMID: 38641095 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Agricultural practitioners, researchers and policymakers are increasingly advocating for integrated pest management (IPM) to reduce pesticide use while preserving crop productivity and profitability. Using selective pesticides, putatively designed to act on pests while minimising impacts on off-target organisms, is one such option - yet evidence of whether these chemicals control pests without adversely affecting natural enemies and other beneficial species (henceforth beneficials) remains scarce. At present, the selection of pesticides compatible with IPM often considers a single (or a limited number of) widely distributed beneficial species, without considering undesired effects on co-occurring beneficials. In this study, we conducted standardised laboratory bioassays to assess the acute toxicity effects of 20 chemicals on 15 beneficial species at multiple exposure timepoints, with the specific aims to: (1) identify common and diverging patterns in acute toxicity responses of tested beneficials; (2) determine if the effect of pesticides on beetles, wasps and mites is consistent across species within these groups; and (3) assess the impact of mortality assessment timepoints on International Organisation for Biological Control (IOBC) toxicity classifications. Our work demonstrates that in most cases, chemical toxicities cannot be generalised across a range of beneficial insects and mites providing biological control, a finding that was found even when comparing impacts among closely related species of beetles, wasps and mites. Additionally, we show that toxicity impacts increase with exposure length, pointing to limitations of IOBC protocols. This work challenges the notion that chemical toxicities can be adequately tested on a limited number of 'representative' species; instead, it highlights the need for careful consideration and testing on a range of regionally and seasonally relevant beneficial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Mata
- Cesar Australia, 95 Albert Street, Brunswick 3056, Victoria, Australia; School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond 3121, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Rosemary A Knapp
- Cesar Australia, 95 Albert Street, Brunswick 3056, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert McDougall
- Cesar Australia, 95 Albert Street, Brunswick 3056, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathy Overton
- Cesar Australia, 95 Albert Street, Brunswick 3056, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul A Umina
- Cesar Australia, 95 Albert Street, Brunswick 3056, Victoria, Australia; Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Road, Parkville 3052, Victoria, Australia.
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Li Z, Li W, Mu Q, Zhu Y, Qin W, Shi X, He Y. Rifampicin synergizes the toxicity of insecticides against the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116291. [PMID: 38581910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Myzus persicae is an important pest that has developed resistance to nearly all currently used insecticidal products. The employment of insecticide synergists is one of the effective strategies that need to be developed for the management of this resistance. Our study showed that treatment with a combination of the antibiotic, rifampicin, with imidacloprid, cyantraniliprole, or clothianidin significantly increased their toxicities against M. persicae, by 2.72, 3.59, and 2.41 folds, respectively. Rifampicin treatment led to a noteworthy reduction in the activities of multifunctional oxidases (by 32.64%) and esterases (by 23.80%), along with a decrease in the expression of the CYP6CY3 gene (by 58.57%) in M. persicae. It also negatively impacted the fitness of the aphids, including weight, life span, number of offspring, and elongation of developmental duration. In addition, bioassays showed that the combination of rifampicin and a detoxification enzyme inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide, or dsRNA of CYP6CY3 further significantly improved the toxicity of imidacloprid against M. persicae, by 6.19- and 7.55-fold, respectively. The present study suggests that development of active ingredients such as rifampicin as candidate synergists, show promise to overcome metabolic resistance to insecticides in aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxin Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China; School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenhong Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Qing Mu
- Guizhou Province Tobacco Companies Qian xinan Municipal Tobacco Company, Xingyi 562400, China
| | - Yicheng Zhu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weiwei Qin
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaobin Shi
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yueping He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Chirgwin E, Thia JA, Copping K, Umina PA. Discovery of insecticide resistance in field-collected populations of the aphid pest, Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1338-1347. [PMID: 37915298 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bluegreen aphid (Acyrthosiphon kondoi) is a worldwide pest of alfalfa, pulses, and other legume crops. An overreliance on insecticides to control A. kondoi has potentially placed populations under selection pressure favouring resistant phenotypes, but to date, there have been no documented cases of insecticide resistance. Recently, Australian growers began reporting that conventional insecticides were failing to adequately control A. kondoi populations, prompting this laboratory-based investigation into whether these populations have evolved resistance. RESULTS We discovered four A. kondoi populations with moderate resistance (10-40-fold) to three different insecticide groups: organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids. However, A. kondoi populations showed no resistance to the butenolide, flupyradifurone. We were unable to identify general metabolic mechanisms using synergist assays (cytochromes P450, glutathione S-transferases, or esterases), indicating that further detailed molecular investigations to characterise the putative resistance mechanism are needed. CONCLUSION Insecticide-resistant A. kondoi present an emerging challenge to Australian agriculture. Growers require new tools and updated strategies, including access to newer chemistries, to alleviate their reliance on the few insecticides currently registered against A. kondoi. The implications of insecticide resistant A. kondoi for future management, the potential mechanisms of resistance, and future research priorities are discussed. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua A Thia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Paul A Umina
- Cesar Australia, Brunswick, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Ward S, Jalali T, van Rooyen A, Reidy-Crofts J, Moore K, Edwards O, Umina PA. The evolving story of sulfoxaflor resistance in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:866-873. [PMID: 37816144 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is one of the most economically important crop pests worldwide. Insecticide resistance in this pest was first detected over 60 years ago, with resistance in M. persicae now spanning over 80 active ingredients. Sulfoxaflor is a relatively new insecticide that is primarily used to control sap-feeding insects. In 2018 resistance to sulfoxaflor was discovered in field populations of M. persicae in Australia. This study aimed to determine the current distribution and phenotypic levels of sulfoxaflor resistance in Australian clones of M. persicae and to investigate how these patterns relate to clonal type. RESULTS For the first time, we show there is low-level resistance (8-26-fold) distributed across Australia, with resistance being detected in aphids collected from approximately 20% of all M. persicae collected and screened. Furthermore, this study shows sulfoxaflor resistance is found in two M. persicae haplotypes, providing evidence that there have been multiple independent evolutionary events which have given rise to sulfoxaflor resistance in this species. CONCLUSION These findings have important implications for the chemical control of M. persicae in Australia, especially when considering the broader genetic background of these aphids which are known to harbour a number of other insecticide resistance mechanisms. We recommend continuous monitoring of sulfoxaflor resistance in field populations of M. persicae (in Australia and elsewhere) and further research into the underlying genetic mechanisms conferring resistance to sulfoxaflor in both clonal haplotypes. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tara Jalali
- Cesar Australia, Brunswick, VIC, Australia
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul A Umina
- Cesar Australia, Brunswick, VIC, Australia
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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De Rouck S, İnak E, Dermauw W, Van Leeuwen T. A review of the molecular mechanisms of acaricide resistance in mites and ticks. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 159:103981. [PMID: 37391089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The Arachnida subclass of Acari comprises many harmful pests that threaten agriculture as well as animal health, including herbivorous spider mites, the bee parasite Varroa, the poultry mite Dermanyssus and several species of ticks. Especially in agriculture, acaricides are often used intensively to minimize the damage they inflict, promoting the development of resistance. Beneficial predatory mites used in biological control are also subjected to acaricide selection in the field. The development and use of new genetic and genomic tools such as genome and transcriptome sequencing, bulked segregant analysis (QTL mapping), and reverse genetics via RNAi or CRISPR/Cas9, have greatly increased our understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms of resistance in Acari, especially in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae which emerged as a model species. These new techniques allowed to uncover and validate new resistance mutations in a larger range of species. In addition, they provided an impetus to start elucidating more challenging questions on mechanisms of gene regulation of detoxification associated with resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander De Rouck
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emre İnak
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Dıskapı, 06110, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Sabra SG, Abbas N, Hafez AM. First monitoring of resistance and corresponding mechanisms in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), to registered and unregistered insecticides in Saudi Arabia. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:105504. [PMID: 37532324 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are widely used as the primary management strategy for controlling Myzus persicae, the devastating pest ravaging various vegetables, fruits, crops, and ornamentals. This study examined the susceptibility of M. persicae field populations to bifenthrin, fosthiazate, acetamiprid, spirotetramat, afidopyropen, and flonicamid while exploring the possible metabolic mechanisms of resistance. The study findings revealed that M. persicae field populations exhibited susceptible-to-moderate resistance to bifenthrin (resistance ratio (RR) = 0.94-19.65) and acetamiprid (RR = 1.73-12.91), low-to-moderate resistance to fosthiazate (RR = 3.67-17.00), and susceptible-to-low resistance to spirotetramat (RR = 0.70-6.68). However, all M. persicae field populations were susceptible to afidopyropen (RR = 0.44-2.25) and flonicamid (RR = 0.40-2.08). As determined by the biochemical assays, carboxylesterases were involved in the resistance cases to bifenthrin and fosthiazate, whereas cytochrome P450 monooxygenases were implicated in the resistance cases to acetamiprid. However, glutathione S-transferases were not implicated in the documented resistance of M. persicae field populations. Overall, the susceptibility of M. persicae field populations to flonicamid and afidopyropen-two unregistered insecticides in Saudi Arabia-suggests their potential as promising chemicals that can expand the various alternatives available for controlling this devastating pest. Although the detected moderate levels of resistance to bifenthrin, fosthiazate, and acetamiprid indicate a shift in the selection pressure of insecticides for M. persicae due to Saudi regulations, which have resulted in eventual obsolescence of conventional insecticides in favor of novel insecticides. Finally, rotational use of aforementioned insecticides can help in managing insecticide resistance in M. persicae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safwat G Sabra
- Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naeem Abbas
- Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulwahab M Hafez
- Pesticides and Environmental Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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Skouras PJ, Karanastasi E, Lycoskoufis I, Demopoulos V, Darras AI, Tsafouros A, Tsalgatidou PC, Margaritopoulos JT, Stathas GJ. Toxicity and Lethal Effect of Greenhouse Insecticides on Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as Biological Control Agent of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). TOXICS 2023; 11:584. [PMID: 37505550 PMCID: PMC10385029 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin and imidacloprid are commonly used insecticides for controlling sub-sucking insects in greenhouses. However, their application may cause sublethal effects on the aphid coccinellid predator Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Here, we study (i) the toxicity and the effect of two sublethal doses (LD10 and LD30) of deltamethrin and imidacloprid on C. septempunctata in a laboratory microcosm and (ii) the residual toxicity of the two insecticides in a greenhouse. The results showed that both insecticides reduced fecundity, longevity, the intrinsic rate of increase, the finite rate of increase and the net reproductive rate. However, the developmental time of the fourth instar larvae was prolonged by both insecticides at LD10 and LD30. Deltamethrin residues were toxic 21 DAT (days after treatment) to C. septempunctata fourth instar larvae. In contrast, imidacloprid began in the slightly harmful category (75%) 1 DAT and declined to the harmless category (18.33%) 21 DAT. These results indicate that deltamethrin and imidacloprid have potential risks to C. septempunctata. This study provides information to guide the development of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies in greenhouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis J Skouras
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, Kalamata Campus, 24100 Antikalamos, Greece
- Laboratory of Plant Protection, Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, Kalamata Campus, 24100 Antikalamos, Greece
| | - Eirini Karanastasi
- Plant Protection Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, University of Patras, Nea Ktiria, 30200 Mesolonghi, Greece
| | - Ioannis Lycoskoufis
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Vasilis Demopoulos
- Laboratory of Plant Protection, Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, Kalamata Campus, 24100 Antikalamos, Greece
| | - Anastasios I Darras
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Athanasios Tsafouros
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Polina C Tsalgatidou
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - John T Margaritopoulos
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DEMETER", 38334 Volos, Greece
| | - George J Stathas
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, Kalamata Campus, 24100 Antikalamos, Greece
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Hopkinson J, Balzer J, Fang C, Walsh T. Insecticide resistance management of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Australian cotton - pyriproxyfen, spirotetramat and buprofezin. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1829-1839. [PMID: 36655826 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bemisia tabaci is a globally significant agricultural pest including in Australia, where it exhibits resistance to numerous insecticides. With a recent label change, buprofezin (group 16), is now used for whitefly management in Australia. This study investigated resistance to pyriproxyfen (group 7C), spirotetramat (group 23) and buprofezin using bioassays and available molecular markers. RESULTS Bioassay and selection testing of B. tabaci populations detected resistance to pyriproxyfen with resistance ratios ranging from 4.1 to 56. Resistance to spirotetramat was detected using bioassay, selection testing and sequencing techniques. In populations collected from cotton, the A2083V mutation was detected in three populations of 85 tested, at frequencies ≤4.1%, whereas in limited surveillance of populations from an intensive horticultural region the frequency was ≥75.8%. The baseline susceptibility of B. tabaci to buprofezin was determined from populations tested from 2019 to 2020, in which LC50 values ranged from 0.61 to 10.75 mg L-1 . From the bioassay data, a discriminating dose of 200 mg L-1 was developed. Recent surveillance of 16 populations detected no evidence of resistance with 100% mortality recorded at doses ≤32 mg L-1 . A cross-resistance study found no conclusive evidence of resistance to buprofezin in populations with high resistance to pyriproxyfen or spirotetramat. CONCLUSIONS In Australian cotton, B. tabaci pest management is challenged by ongoing resistance to pyriproxyfen, while resistance to spirotetramat is an emerging issue. The addition of buprofezin provides a new mode-of-action for whitefly pest management, which will strengthen the existing insecticide resistance management strategy. © 2023 Commonwealth of Australia. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Hopkinson
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Jacob Balzer
- Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Queensland Government, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Cao Fang
- CSIRO, Acton, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Tom Walsh
- CSIRO, Acton, Australia
- Department of Applied BioSciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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Bass C, Nauen R. The molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance in aphid crop pests. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 156:103937. [PMID: 37023831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Aphids are a group of hemipteran insects that include some of the world's most economically important agricultural pests. The control of pest aphids has relied heavily on the use of chemical insecticides, however, the evolution of resistance poses a serious threat to their sustainable control. Over 1000 cases of resistance have now been documented for aphids involving a remarkable diversity of mechanisms that, individually or in combination, allow the toxic effect of insecticides to be avoided or overcome. In addition to its applied importance as a growing threat to human food security, insecticide resistance in aphids also offers an exceptional opportunity to study evolution under strong selection and gain insight into the genetic variation fuelling rapid adaptation. In this review we summarise the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying resistance in the most economically important aphid pests worldwide and the insights study of this topic has provided on the genomic architecture of adaptive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bass
- Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom.
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany.
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Kirkland LS, Chirgwin E, Ward SE, Congdon BS, van Rooyen A, Umina PA. P450-mediated resistance in Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) reduces the efficacy of neonicotinoid seed treatments in Brassica napus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1851-1859. [PMID: 36651838 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prophylactic use of seeds treated with neonicotinoid insecticides remains an important means of controlling aphid pests in canola (Brassica napus) crops in many countries. Yet, one of the most economically important aphid species worldwide, the peach potato aphid (Myzus persicae), has evolved mechanisms which confer resistance to neonicotinoids, including amplification of the cytochrome P450 gene, CYP6CY3. While CYP6CY3 amplification has been associated with low-level resistance to several neonicotinoids in laboratory acute toxicity bioassays, its impact on insecticide efficacy in the field remains unresolved. In this study, we investigated the impact of CYP6CY3 amplification on the ability of M. persicae to survive neonicotinoid exposure under laboratory and semi-field conditions. RESULTS Three M. persicae clones, possessing different copy numbers of CYP6CY3, were shown to respond differently when exposed to the neonicotinoids, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, in laboratory bioassays. Two clones, EastNaernup209 and Osborne171, displayed low levels of resistance (3-20-fold), which is consistent with previous studies. However, in a large-scale semi-field trial, both clones showed a surprising ability to survive and reproduce on B. napus seedlings grown from commercial rates of neonicotinoid-treated seed. In contrast, an insecticide-susceptible clone, of wild-type CYP6CY3 copy number, was unable to survive on seedlings treated in the same manner. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that amplification of CYP6CY3 in M. persicae clones substantially impairs the efficacy of neonicotinoid seed treatments when applied to B. napus. These findings highlight the potentially important real-world implications of resistances typically considered to be 'low level' as defined through laboratory bioassays. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Benjamin S Congdon
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, Australia
| | | | - Paul A Umina
- Cesar Australia, Brunswick, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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