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Yang X, Cao S, Sun H, Deng Y, Zhang X, Li Y, Ma D, Chen H, Li W. The critical roles of the Zn 2Cys 6 transcription factor Fp487 in the development and virulence of Fusarium pseudograminearum: A potential target for Fusarium crown rot control. Microbiol Res 2024; 285:127784. [PMID: 38824820 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium crown rot (FCR) caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum poses a significant threat to wheat production in the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China. However, the pathogenic mechanism of F. pseudograminearum is still poorly understood. Zn2Cys6 transcription factors, which are exclusive to fungi, play pivotal roles in regulating fungal development, drug resistance, pathogenicity, and secondary metabolism. In this study, we present the functional characterization of a Zn2Cys6 transcription factor F. pseudograminearum, designated Fp487. In F. pseudograminearum, Fp487 is shown to be required for mycelial growth through gene knockout and phenotypic analyses. Compared with wild-type CF14047, the ∆Fp487 mutant displayed a slight reduction in growth rate but a significant decrease in conidiogenesis, pathogenicity and 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3AcDON) production. Moreover, the mutant exhibited heightened sensitivity to oxidative and cytomembrane stress. Furthermore, we synthesized dsRNA from the Fp487 gene in vitro, resulting in a reduction in the growth rate of F. pseudograminearum and its virulence on barley leaves through spray-induced gene silencing (SIGS). Notably, this study makes the first instance of inducing the expression of abundant dsRNA from F. pseudograminearum by engineering the Escherichia coli strain HT115 (DE3) and utilizing the SIGS technique to evaluate the virulence effect of dsRNA on F. pseudograminearum. In conclusion, our findings revealed the crucial role of Fp487 in regulating pathogenicity, stress responses, DON production, and conidiogenesis in F. pseudograminearum. Furthermore, Fp487 is a potential RNAi-based target for FCR control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyue Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Shulin Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Yuanyu Deng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Dongfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Crop Production in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, China
| | - Huaigu Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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Chen W, Li X, Wei L, Chen B, Han C, Duan Y, Chen C. Functional Differentiation of the Succinate Dehydrogenase Subunit SdhC Governs the Sensitivity to SDHI Fungicides, ROS Homeostasis, and Pathogenicity in Fusarium asiaticum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10314-10327. [PMID: 38661317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is an integral component of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and respiratory electron transport chain (ETC), targeted by succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs). Fusarium asiaticum is a prominent phytopathogen causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat. Here, we characterized the functions of the FaSdhA, FaSdhB, FaSdhC1, FaSdhC2, and FaSdhD subunits. Deletion of FaSdhA, FaSdhB, or FaSdhD resulted in significant growth defects in F. asiaticum. The FaSdhC1 or FaSdhC2 deletion mutants exhibited substantial reductions in fungal growth, conidiation, virulence, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The FaSdhC1 expression was significantly induced by pydiflumetofen (PYD). The ΔFaSdhC1 mutant displayed hypersensitivity to SDHIs, whereas the ΔFaSdhC2 mutant exhibited resistance against most SDHIs. The transmembrane domains of FaSdhC1 are essential for regulating mycelial growth, virulence, and sensitivity to SDHIs. These findings provided valuable insights into how the two SdhC paralogues regulated the functional integrity of SDH, ROS homeostasis, and the sensitivity to SDHIs in phytopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchan Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingling Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenyang Han
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yabing Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changjun Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
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Miao J, Li Y, Hu S, Li G, Gao X, Dai T, Liu X. Resistance risk, resistance mechanism and the effect on DON production of a new SDHI fungicide cyclobutrifluram in Fusarium graminearum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 199:105795. [PMID: 38458689 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight in wheat is caused by Fusarium graminearum, resulting in significant yield losses and grain contamination with deoxynivalenol (DON), which poses a potential threat to animal health. Cyclobutrifluram, a newly developed succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, has shown excellent inhibition of Fusarium spp. However, the resistance risk of F. graminearum to cyclobutrifluram and the molecular mechanism of resistance have not been determined. In this study, we established the average EC50 of a range of F. graminearum isolates to cyclobutrifluram to be 0.0110 μg/mL. Six cyclobutrifluram-resistant mutants were obtained using fungicide adaptation. All mutants exhibited impaired fitness relative to their parental isolates. This was evident from measurements of mycelial growth, conidiation, conidial germination, virulence, and DON production. Interestingly, cyclobutrifluram did not seem to affect the DON production of either the sensitive isolates or the resistant mutants. Furthermore, a positive cross-resistance was observed between cyclobutrifluram and pydiflumetofen. These findings suggest that F. graminearum carries a moderate to high risk of developing resistance to cyclobutrifluram. Additionally, point mutations H248Y in FgSdhB and A73V in FgSdhC1 of F. graminearum were observed in the cyclobutrifluram-resistant mutants. Finally, an overexpression transformation assay and molecular docking indicated that FgSdhBH248Y or FgSdhC1A73V could confer resistance of F. graminearum to cyclobutrifluram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiping Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tan Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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Sun H, Cai S, Deng Y, Cao S, Yang X, Lu Y, Li W, Chen H. Efficacy of cyclobutrifluram in controlling Fusarium crown rot of wheat and resistance risk of three Fusarium species to cyclobutrifluram. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 198:105723. [PMID: 38225078 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Cyclobutrifluram (TYMIRIUM® technology), a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide, is currently being registered by SYNGENTA for controlling Fusarium crown rot (FCR) of wheat in China. The application of 15 or 30 g of active ingredient/100 kg seed of cyclobutrifluram significantly reduced pre-emergence damping-off, discoloration on the stem base and formation of whiteheads caused by FCR. The EC50 values of cyclobutrifluram for 60 isolates of F. pseudograminearum, 30 isolates of F. asiaticum and 30 isolates of F. graminearum ranged from 0.016 to 0.142 mg L-1, 0.010 to 0.041 mg L-1 and 0.012 to 0.059 mg L-1, respectively. One hundred and seven cyclobutrifluram-resistant (CR) mutants were obtained from three Fusarium species isolates, with ten types of mutations identified in Sdh genes. Three Fusarium species isolates exhibited similar resistance mechanisms, with the most prevalent mutations, SdhC1A83V and SdhC1R86K, accounting for 61.68% of mutants. The CR mutants possessed comparable or slightly impaired fitness compared to the corresponding parental isolates. The CR mutants carrying FpSdhBH248Y/Q/D exhibited increased sensitivity to fluopyram. An overall moderate risk of resistance development in three Fusarium species was recommended for cyclobutrifluram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shiyan Cai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyu Deng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shulin Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanteng Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Huaigu Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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