1
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González-Gragera E, García-López JD, Teso-Pérez C, Jiménez-Hernández I, Peralta-Sánchez JM, Valdivia E, Montalban-Lopez M, Martín-Platero AM, Baños A, Martínez-Bueno M. Genomic Characterization of Piscicolin CM22 Produced by Carnobacterium maltaromaticum CM22 Strain Isolated from Salmon (Salmo salar). Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10316-1. [PMID: 38958914 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Carnobacterium maltaromaticum is a species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that has been isolated from various natural environments. It is well-known for producing a diverse spectrum of bacteriocins with potential biotechnological applications. In the present study, a new psychrotolerant strain of C. maltaromaticum CM22 is reported, isolated from a salmon gut sample and producing a variant of the bacteriocin piscicolin 126 that has been named piscicolin CM22. After identification by 16S rRNA gene, this strain has been genomically characterized by sequencing and assembling its complete genome. Moreover, its bacteriocin was purified and characterized. In vitro tests demonstrated that both the strain and its bacteriocin possess antimicrobial activity against several Gram-positive bacteria of interest in human and animal health, such as Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium perfringens, or Enterococcus faecalis. However, this bacteriocin did not produce any antimicrobial effect on Gram-negative species. The study of its genome showed the genetic structure of the gene cluster that encodes the bacteriocin, showing a high degree of homology to the gene cluster of piscicolin 126 described in other C. maltaromaticum. Although more studies are necessary concerning its functional properties, this new psychrotolerant strain C. maltaromaticum CM22 and its bacteriocin could be considered an interesting candidate with potential application in agri-food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elías González-Gragera
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - J David García-López
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Claudia Teso-Pérez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Jiménez-Hernández
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Eva Valdivia
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Montalban-Lopez
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio M Martín-Platero
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Baños
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel Martínez-Bueno
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva, S/N, 18071, Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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2
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Rao S, Jia C, Lu X, Yu Y, Wang Z, Yang Z. Acid-Heat-Induced Fabrication of Nisin-Loaded Egg White Protein Nanoparticles: Enhanced Structural and Antibacterial Stability. Foods 2024; 13:1741. [PMID: 38890971 PMCID: PMC11172011 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
As a natural cationic peptide, Nisin is capable of widely inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive bacteria. However, it also has drawbacks such as its antimicrobial activity being susceptible to environmental factors. Nano-encapsulation can improve the defects of nisin in food applications. In this study, nisin-loaded egg white protein nanoparticles (AH-NEn) were prepared in fixed ultrasound-mediated under pH 3.0 and 90 °C. Compared with the controls, AH-NEn exhibited smaller particle size (112.5 ± 2.85 nm), smaller PDI (0.25 ± 0.01), larger Zeta potential (24 ± 1.18 mV), and higher encapsulation efficiency (91.82%) and loading capacity (45.91%). The turbidity and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicated that there are other non-covalent bonding interactions between the molecules of AH-NEn besides the electrostatic forces, which accounts for the fact that it is structurally more stable than the controls. In addition, by the results of fluorescence intensity, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), it was shown that thermal induction could improve the solubility, heat resistance, and encapsulation of nisin in the samples. In terms of antimicrobial function, acid-heat induction did not recede the antimicrobial activity of nisin encapsulated in egg white protein (EWP). Compared with free nisin, the loss rate of bactericidal activity of AH-NEn was reduced by 75.0% and 14.0% following treatment with trypsin or a thermal treatment at 90 °C for 30 min, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengqi Rao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (S.R.); (C.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Caochen Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (S.R.); (C.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Xiangning Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (S.R.); (C.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Yisheng Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (S.R.); (C.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhirong Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (S.R.); (C.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
| | - Zhenquan Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225127, China; (S.R.); (C.J.); (X.L.); (Y.Y.); (Z.W.)
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China
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3
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Guo L, Stoffels K, Broos J, Kuipers OP. Altering Specificity and Enhancing Stability of the Antimicrobial Peptides Nisin and Rombocin through Dehydrated Amino Acid Residue Engineering. Peptides 2024; 174:171152. [PMID: 38220092 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Nisin serves as the prototype within the lantibiotic group of antimicrobial peptides, exhibiting a broad-spectrum inhibition against Gram-positive bacteria, including important food-borne pathogens and clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant strains. The gene-encoded nature of nisin allows for gene-based bioengineering, enabling the generation of novel derivatives. It has been demonstrated that nisin mutants can be produced with improved functional properties. Here, we particularly focus on the uncommon amino acid residues dehydroalanine (Dha) and dehydrobutyrin (Dhb), whose functions are not yet fully elucidated. Prior to this study, we developed a new expression system that utilizes the nisin modification machinery NisBTC to advance expression, resulting in enhanced peptide dehydration efficiency. Through this approach, we discovered that the dehydrated amino acid Dhb at position 18 in the peptide rombocin, a short variant of nisin, displayed four times higher activity compared to the non-dehydrated peptide against the strain Lactococcus lactis. Furthermore, we observed that in the peptides nisin and rombocin, the dehydrated amino acid Dha at residue positon 18 exhibited superior activity compared to the dehydrated amino acid Dhb. Upon purifying the wild-type nisin and its variant nisinG18/Dha to homogeneity, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) indicated that the variant exhibited activity similar to that of wild-type nisin in inhibiting the growth of Bacillus cereus but showed twice the MIC values against the other four tested Gram-positive strains. Further stability tests demonstrated that the dehydrated peptide exhibited properties similar to wild-type nisin under different temperatures but displayed higher resistance to proteolytic enzymes compared to wild-type nisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longcheng Guo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Konstantin Stoffels
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Broos
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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4
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Zheng Y, Du Y, Qiu Z, Liu Z, Qiao J, Li Y, Caiyin Q. Nisin Variants Generated by Protein Engineering and Their Properties. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9060251. [PMID: 35735494 PMCID: PMC9219921 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9060251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nisin, a typical lantibiotic, has robust antimicrobial activity combined with limited cytotoxicity, and the development of resistance to it is slow. These properties make nisin a promising antimicrobial agent to control pathogenic microorganisms in dairy foods. However, its low solubility, poor stability and short half-life at neutral pH limit its application within the dairy industry. Protein engineering technology has revealed the potential of modifying nisin to improve its properties, and many valuable variants have emerged. This review summarizes progress in the generation of nisin variants for the dairy industry and for other purposes. These nisin variants with additional modification have improved properties and can even expand the inhibition spectrum range of nisin. Nisin, as the most thoroughly studied lantibiotic, and its variants can also guide the modification of other lantibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Q.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yuhui Du
- MOE International Joint Research Laboratory on Synthetic Biology and Medicines, School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;
| | - Zekai Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Q.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ziming Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Q.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianjun Qiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Q.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanni Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Q.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qinggele Caiyin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Q.); (Z.L.); (J.Q.); (Y.L.)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
- Correspondence:
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5
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Zhao X, Kuipers OP. Nisin- and Ripcin-Derived Hybrid Lanthipeptides Display Selective Antimicrobial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:1703-1714. [PMID: 34156232 PMCID: PMC8291769 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lanthipeptides are (methyl)lanthionine ring-containing ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). Many lanthipeptides show strong antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens, including antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens. The group of disulfide-bond-containing antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) is well-known in nature and forms a rich source of templates for the production of novel peptides with corresponding (methyl)lanthionine analogues instead of disulfides. Here, we show that novel macrocyclic lanthipeptides (termed thanacin and ripcin) can be synthesized using the known antimicrobials thanatin and rip-thanatin as templates. Notably, the synthesized nisin(1-20)-ripcin hybrid lanthipeptides (ripcin B-G) showed selective antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, including an antibiotic-resistant MRSA strain. Interestingly, ripcin B-G, which are hybrid peptides of nisin(1-20) and ripcin that are each inactive against Gram-negative pathogens, showed substantial antimicrobial activity against the tested Gram-negative pathogens. Moreover, ripcin B-G was highly resistant against the nisin resistance protein (NSR; a peptidase that removes the C-terminal 6 amino acids of nisin and strongly reduces its antimicrobial activity), opposed to nisin itself. This study provides an example of converting disulfide-bond-based AMPs into (methyl)lanthionine-based macrocyclic hybrid lanthipeptides and can yield antimicrobial peptides with selective antimicrobial activity against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghong Zhao
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar P. Kuipers
- Department
of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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6
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Promising Anti-MRSA Activity of Brevibacillus sp. Isolated from Soil and Strain Improvement by UV Mutagenesis. Sci Pharm 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm89010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant infection is a major health problem, and a limited number of drugs are currently approved as antibiotics. Soil bacteria are promising sources in the search for novel antibiotics. The aim of the present study is to isolate and assess soil bacteria with anti-MRSA activity and improve their capabilities by UV mutagenesis. Soil samples from the upper south of Thailand were screened for antibacterial activity using the cross-streak method. Agar well diffusion was used to examine the activity of isolates against a spectrum of human pathogens. The most active isolate was identified by 16S rRNA sequencing, and the production kinetics and stability were investigated. The most promising isolate was mutated by UV radiation, and the resulting activity and strain stability were studied. The results show that isolates from the cross-streak method could inhibit Staphylococcus aureus TISTR 517 (94 isolates) and Escherichia coli TISTR 887 (67 isolates). Nine isolates remained active against S. aureus TISTR 517 and MRSA, and eight isolates inhibited the growth of E. coli TISTR 887 as assessed using agar well diffusion. The most active strain was Brevibacillus sp. SPR-20, which had the highest activity at 24 h of incubation. The active substances in culture supernatants exhibited more than 90% activity when subjected to treatments involving various heat, enzymes, surfactants, and pH conditions. The mutant M201 showed significantly higher activity (109.88–120.22%) and strain stability compared to the wild-type strain. In conclusion, we demonstrate that soil Brevibacillus sp. is a potential resource that can be subjected to UV mutagenesis as a useful approach for improving the production of anti-MRSA in the era of antibiotic resistance.
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7
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Deng J, Viel JH, Kubyshkin V, Budisa N, Kuipers OP. Conjugation of Synthetic Polyproline Moietes to Lipid II Binding Fragments of Nisin Yields Active and Stable Antimicrobials. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:575334. [PMID: 33329435 PMCID: PMC7715017 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.575334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Coupling functional moieties to lantibiotics offers exciting opportunities to produce novel derivatives with desirable properties enabling new functions and applications. Here, five different synthetic hydrophobic polyproline peptides were conjugated to either nisin AB (the first two rings of nisin) or nisin ABC (the first three rings of nisin) by using click chemistry. The antimicrobial activity of nisin ABC + O6K3 against Enterococcus faecium decreased 8-fold compared to full-length nisin, but its activity was 16-fold better than nisin ABC, suggesting that modifying nisin ABC is a promising strategy to generate semi-synthetic nisin hybrids. In addition, the resulting nisin hybrids are not prone to degradation at the C-terminus, which has been observed for nisin as it can be degraded by nisinase or other proteolytic enzymes. This methodology allows for getting more insight into the possibility of creating semi-synthetic nisin hybrids that maintain antimicrobial activity, in particular when synthetic and non-proteinaceous moieties are used. The success of this approach in creating viable nisin hybrids encourages further exploring the use of different modules, e.g., glycans, lipids, active peptide moieties, and other antimicrobial moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Deng
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jakob H Viel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Vladimir Kubyshkin
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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8
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Deng J, Viel JH, Chen J, Kuipers OP. Synthesis and Characterization of Heterodimers and Fluorescent Nisin Species by Incorporation of Methionine Analogues and Subsequent Click Chemistry. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:2525-2536. [PMID: 32786360 PMCID: PMC7507115 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Noncanonical
amino acids form a highly diverse pool of building
blocks that can render unique physicochemical properties to peptides
and proteins. Here, four methionine analogues with unsaturated and
varying side chain lengths were successfully incorporated at four
different positions in nisin in Lactococcus lactis through force feeding. This approach allows for residue-specific
incorporation of methionine analogues into nisin to expand their structural
diversity and alter their activity profiles. Moreover, the insertion
of methionine analogues with biorthogonal chemical reactivity, e.g.,
azidohomoalanine and homopropargylglycine, provides the opportunity
for chemical coupling to functional moieties and fluorescent probes
as well as for intermolecular coupling of nisin variants. All resulting
nisin conjugates retained antimicrobial activity, which substantiates
the potential of this method as a tool to further study its localization
and mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Deng
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jakob H. Viel
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jingqi Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Oscar P. Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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9
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Meng D, Sun X, Sun S, Li W, Lv Y, Fan Z. The potential of antimicrobial peptide Hispidalin application in pork preservation during cold storage. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- De‐Mei Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Institute of Health Biotechnology College of Food Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Xue‐Qing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Institute of Health Biotechnology College of Food Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng‐Nan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Institute of Health Biotechnology College of Food Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Wen‐Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Institute of Health Biotechnology College of Food Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Yu‐Jie Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Institute of Health Biotechnology College of Food Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen‐Chuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety Institute of Health Biotechnology College of Food Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Science & Technology Tianjin People's Republic of China
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10
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Pan D, Hao L, Li J, Yi J, Kang Q, Liu X, Lu L, Lu J. An innovative method to enhance protease tolerance of nisin in endogenous proteases. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:3038-3044. [PMID: 32037169 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nisin, a natural peptide produced by Lactococcus lactis cultivation in milk whey, is widely used as a preservative in industrial production. However, nisin can be degraded by endogenous enzymes in foods. In this study, we investigated the antibacterial activity of nisin-soybean protein and nisin-egg white protein and compared them with that of free nisin in cantaloupe juice, which was used as a model of endogenous protease environment. Results showed that endogenous proteases in the model resulted in a loss of nisin activity, but combining nisin with protein (soybean or egg white) resulted in greater protection of its antimicrobial activity by inhibiting endogenous proteases. The microbial addition experiment (Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus) and preservation experiment in the food model showed that the antibacterial activity of nisin combined with either of the 2 proteins was higher than that of nisin alone in an endogenous protease environment. In summary, soybean protein and egg white protein improved the protease tolerance of nisin, expanding the application scope of nisin in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Pan
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Limin Hao
- The Quartermaster Research Institute of Engineering and Technology, Academy of Military Sciences PLA China, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Juanjuan Yi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Qiaozhen Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Laizheng Lu
- Zhengzhou Mindtek Biological Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China
| | - Jike Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
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11
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Dickman R, Danelius E, Mitchell SA, Hansen DF, Erdélyi M, Tabor AB. A Chemical Biology Approach to Understanding Molecular Recognition of Lipid II by Nisin(1-12): Synthesis and NMR Ensemble Analysis of Nisin(1-12) and Analogues. Chemistry 2019; 25:14572-14582. [PMID: 31599485 PMCID: PMC6899958 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural products that target lipid II, such as the lantibiotic nisin, are strategically important in the development of new antibacterial agents to combat the rise of antimicrobial resistance. Understanding the structural factors that govern the highly selective molecular recognition of lipid II by the N-terminal region of nisin, nisin(1-12), is a crucial step in exploiting the potential of such compounds. In order to elucidate the relationships between amino acid sequence and conformation of this bicyclic peptide fragment, we have used solid-phase peptide synthesis to prepare two novel analogues of nisin(1-12) in which the dehydro residues have been replaced. We have carried out an NMR ensemble analysis of one of these analogues and of the wild-type nisin(1-12) peptide in order to compare the conformations of these two bicyclic peptides. Our analysis has shown the effects of residue mutation on ring conformation. We have also demonstrated that the individual rings of nisin(1-12) are pre-organised to an extent for binding to the pyrophosphate group of lipid II, with a high degree of flexibility exhibited in the central amide bond joining the two rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Dickman
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London, 20Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Emma Danelius
- The Swedish NMR CentreMedicinaregatan 540530GothenburgSweden
| | - Serena A. Mitchell
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London, 20Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - D. Flemming Hansen
- Institute of Structural and Molecular BiologyDivision of BiosciencesUniversity College LondonGower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Máté Erdélyi
- The Swedish NMR CentreMedicinaregatan 540530GothenburgSweden
- Department of Chemistry–BMCUppsala UniversityBox 57675123UppsalaSweden
| | - Alethea B. Tabor
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London, 20Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
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12
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Sosa Morales MC, Juárez AC, Montich GG, Álvarez RMS. Interaction of the antibiotic peptide nisin with anionic membranes in different phase-states: a vibrational study. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 215:389-397. [PMID: 30856583 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between the antibiotic peptide nisin and multilamellar vesicles of phosphoglycerol lipids in different phase-states were studied using vibrational spectroscopy. The infrared amide I' band of nisin, both in solution and in the membrane-bound state, was analyzed in the temperature range comprised between 20 and 60 °C in order to study its conformational behavior. Nisin presented mainly unordered and β-turns conformations. Their relative populations varied according to the environment and as the temperature increased: β turns were more favored in the membrane-bound state than in solution, but at higher temperatures the disordered conformation was dominant in both states. Spectral changes of specific infrared bands belonging to the hydrocarbon and polar moieties of lipids were also analyzed to evaluate the perturbation of the lipid membrane order. Nisin interactions with the membrane polar region induced a high restriction to water incorporation, promoting a small increase in the temperature of the lipid phase transition. Raman spectra of nisin/phosphoglycerol systems at ambient temperature were also analyzed. They revealed that the peptide incorporation to a membrane in the fluid phase caused drastic structural modifications in the hydrophobic region of the bilayer. Although nisin may be able to disrupt the hydrophobic portion of the bilayer in the gel phase, the most of the peptide molecule remained at the membrane surface interacting with the polar headgroups. This work provides evidence of a differential effect of nisin on anionic membranes, depending on the phase-state of the lipid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo C Sosa Morales
- Instituto de Química del Noroeste Argentino (INQUINOA), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ana C Juárez
- Instituto de Química del Noroeste Argentino (INQUINOA), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Guillermo G Montich
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina; Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Rosa M S Álvarez
- Instituto de Química del Noroeste Argentino (INQUINOA), Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, CONICET, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.
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13
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Flynn J, Mallen S, Durack E, O'Connor PM, Hudson SP. Mesoporous matrices for the delivery of the broad spectrum bacteriocin, nisin A. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 537:396-406. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Mitchell SA, Truscott F, Dickman R, Ward J, Tabor AB. Simplified lipid II-binding antimicrobial peptides: Design, synthesis and antimicrobial activity of bioconjugates of nisin rings A and B with pore-forming peptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5691-5700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Gough R, Gómez-Sala B, O'Connor PM, Rea MC, Miao S, Hill C, Brodkorb A. A Simple Method for the Purification of Nisin. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2018; 9:363-369. [PMID: 28555255 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-017-9287-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nisin, an antimicrobial peptide showing activity against a broad range of Gram-positive bacteria, is widely used as a food preservative and has potential as a therapeutic for a range of infectious diseases. Here, we present a simple purification method, based on a salting-out approach, which can produce a powder containing ∼33% nisin, from a nisin-producing culture in a whey permeate-based medium. This process removes over 99% of the lactic acid, NaCl, lactose and non-nisin proteins from the cell-free culture supernatant. The approach can also enrich a commonly used commercial nisin preparation over 30-fold to a purity of ∼58%. These are higher purities than comparable published methods. The simplicity of this approach facilitates its use in research and also its scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Gough
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Paula M O'Connor
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mary C Rea
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Song Miao
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - André Brodkorb
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland.
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16
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Drevinskas T, Stankevičius M, Bimbiraitė-Survilienė K, Naujokaitytė G, Kaškonienė V, Kondrotienė K, Šernienė L, Kornyšova O, Malakauskas M, Maruška A. Optimization of a capillary zone electrophoresis-contactless conductivity detection method for the determination of nisin. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:2425-2430. [PMID: 29935020 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Determination of natural preservatives using electrophoretic or chromatographic techniques in fermented milk products is a complex task due to the following reasons: (i) the concentrations of the analytes can be below the detection limits, (ii) complex matrix and comigrating/coeluting compounds in the sample can interfere with the analytes of the interest, (iii) low recovery of the analytes, and (iv) the necessity of complex sample preparation. The aim of this study was to apply capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with contactless conductivity detection for the separation and determination of nisin in fermented milk products. In this work, separation and determination of natural preservative-nisin in fermented milk products is described. Optimized conditions using capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with capacitance-to-digital technology based contactless conductivity detector and data conditioning, which filter the noise of the electropherogram adaptively to the peak migration time, allowed precise, accurate, sensitive (limit of quantification: 0.02 μg/mL), and most importantly requiring very minute sample preparation, determination of nisin. Sample preparation includes following steps: (i) extraction/dilution and (ii) centrifugation. This method was applied for the determination of nisin in real samples, i.e. fermented milk products. The values of different nisin forms were ranging from 0.056 ± 0.003 μg/mL to 9.307 ± 0.437 μg/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Drevinskas
- Instrumental Analysis Open Access Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mantas Stankevičius
- Instrumental Analysis Open Access Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | | - Gintarė Naujokaitytė
- Instrumental Analysis Open Access Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilma Kaškonienė
- Instrumental Analysis Open Access Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Kristina Kondrotienė
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Loreta Šernienė
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Olga Kornyšova
- Instrumental Analysis Open Access Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Mindaugas Malakauskas
- Department of Food Safety and Quality, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Maruška
- Instrumental Analysis Open Access Centre, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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17
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Bioinspired Designs, Molecular Premise and Tools for Evaluating the Ecological Importance of Antimicrobial Peptides. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11030068. [PMID: 29996512 PMCID: PMC6161137 DOI: 10.3390/ph11030068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article provides an overview of recent developments in antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), summarizing structural diversity, potential new applications, activity targets and microbial killing responses in general. The use of artificial and natural AMPs as templates for rational design of peptidomimetics are also discussed and some strategies are put forward to curtail cytotoxic effects against eukaryotic cells. Considering the heat-resistant nature, chemical and proteolytic stability of AMPs, we attempt to summarize their molecular targets, examine how these macromolecules may contribute to potential environmental risks vis-à-vis the activities of the peptides. We further point out the evolutional characteristics of the macromolecules and indicate how they can be useful in designing target-specific peptides. Methods are suggested that may help to assess toxic mechanisms of AMPs and possible solutions are discussed to promote the development and application of AMPs in medicine. Even if there is wide exposure to the environment like in the hospital settings, AMPs may instead contribute to prevent healthcare-associated infections so long as ecotoxicological aspects are considered.
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18
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Gough R, Cabrera Rubio R, O'Connor PM, Crispie F, Brodkorb A, Miao S, Hill C, Ross RP, Cotter PD, Nilaweera KN, Rea MC. Oral Delivery of Nisin in Resistant Starch Based Matrices Alters the Gut Microbiota in Mice. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1186. [PMID: 29963017 PMCID: PMC6013561 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing recognition of the role the gastrointestinal microbiota plays in health and disease. Ingested antimicrobial proteins and peptides have the potential to alter the gastrointestinal microbiota; particularly if protected from digestion. Nisin is an antimicrobial peptide that is used as a food preservative. This study examined the ability of nisin to affect the murine microbiota when fed to mice in two different starch based matrices; a starch dough comprising raw starch granules and a starch gel comprising starch that was gelatinized and retrograded. The effects of the two starch matrices by themselves on the microbiota were also examined. Following 16S rRNA compositional sequencing, beta diversity analysis highlighted a significant difference (p = 0.001, n = 10) in the murine microbiota between the four diet groups. The differences between the two nisin containing diets were mainly attributable to differences in the nisin release from the starch matrices while the differences between the carriers were mainly attributable to the type of resistant starch they possessed. Indeed, the differences in the relative abundance of several genera in the mice consuming the starch dough and starch gel diets, in particular Akkermansia, the relative abundance of which was 0.5 and 11.9%, respectively (p = 0.0002, n = 10), points to the potential value of resistance starch as a modulator of beneficial gut microbes. Intact nisin and nisin digestion products (in particular nisin fragment 22-31) were detected in the feces and the nisin was biologically active. However, despite a three-fold greater consumption of nisin in the group fed the nisin in starch dough diet, twice as much nisin was detected in the feces of the group which consumed the nisin in starch gel diet. In addition, the relative abundance of three times as many genera from the lower gastrointestinal tract (GIT) were significantly different (p < 0.001, n = 10) to the control for the group fed the nisin in starch gel diet, implying that the starch gel afforded a degree of protection from digestion to the nisin entrapped within it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Gough
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Raúl Cabrera Rubio
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paula M. O'Connor
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiona Crispie
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Song Miao
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
| | - Colin Hill
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Reynolds P. Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- College of Science, Engineering, and Food Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul D. Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Mary C. Rea
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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19
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Increasing the Antimicrobial Activity of Nisin-Based Lantibiotics against Gram-Negative Pathogens. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:AEM.00052-18. [PMID: 29625984 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00052-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified antimicrobial compounds containing lanthionine and methyl-lanthionine residues. Nisin, one of the most extensively studied and used lantibiotics, has been shown to display very potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria, and stable resistance is rarely observed. By binding to lipid II and forming pores in the membrane, nisin can cause the efflux of cellular constituents and inhibit cell wall biosynthesis. However, the activity of nisin against Gram-negative bacteria is much lower than that against Gram-positive bacteria, mainly because lipid II is located at the inner membrane, and the rather impermeable outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria prevents nisin from reaching lipid II. Thus, if the outer membrane-traversing efficiency of nisin could be increased, the activity against Gram-negative bacteria could, in principle, be enhanced. In this work, several relatively short peptides with activity against Gram-negative bacteria were selected from literature data to be fused as tails to the C terminus of either full or truncated nisin species. Among these, we found that one of three tails (tail 2 [T2; DKYLPRPRPV], T6 [NGVQPKY], and T8 [KIAKVALKAL]) attached to a part of nisin displayed improved activity against Gram-negative microorganisms. Next, we rationally designed and reengineered the most promising fusion peptides. Several mutants whose activity significantly outperformed that of nisin against Gram-negative pathogens were obtained. The activity of the tail 16 mutant 2 (T16m2) construct against several important Gram-negative pathogens (i.e., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter aerogenes) was increased 4- to 12-fold compared to that of nisin. This study indicates that the rational design of nisin can selectively and significantly improve its outer membrane-permeating capacity as well as its activity against Gram-negative pathogens.IMPORTANCE Lantibiotics are antimicrobial peptides that are highly active against Gram-positive bacteria but that have relatively poor activity against most Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we modified the model lantibiotic nisin by fusing parts of it to antimicrobial peptides with known activity against Gram-negative bacteria. The appropriate selection of peptidic moieties that could be attached to (parts of) nisin could lead to a significant increase in its inhibitory activity against Gram-negative bacteria. Using this strategy, hybrids that outperformed nisin by displaying 4- to 12-fold higher levels of activity against relevant Gram-negative bacterial species were produced. This study shows the power of modified peptide engineering to alter target specificity in a desired direction.
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20
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Pan D, Zhang D, Hao L, Lin S, Kang Q, Liu X, Lu L, Lu J. Protective effects of soybean protein and egg white protein on the antibacterial activity of nisin in the presence of trypsin. Food Chem 2018; 239:196-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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21
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Gough R, O'Connor PM, Rea MC, Gómez-Sala B, Miao S, Hill C, Brodkorb A. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion of nisin and interaction between nisin and bile. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Deane CD, Burkhart BJ, Blair PM, Tietz JI, Lin A, Mitchell DA. In Vitro Biosynthesis and Substrate Tolerance of the Plantazolicin Family of Natural Products. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:2232-43. [PMID: 27248686 PMCID: PMC4992447 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Plantazolicin (PZN) is a ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide (RiPP) natural product that exhibits extraordinarily narrow-spectrum antibacterial activity toward the causative agent of anthrax, Bacillus anthracis. During PZN biosynthesis, a cyclodehydratase catalyzes cyclization of cysteine, serine, and threonine residues in the PZN precursor peptide (BamA) to azolines. Subsequently, a dehydrogenase oxidizes most of these azolines to thiazoles and (methyl)oxazoles. The final biosynthetic steps consist of leader peptide removal and dimethylation of the nascent N-terminus. Using a heterologously expressed and purified heterocycle synthetase, the BamA peptide was processed in vitro concordant with the pattern of post-translational modification found in the naturally occurring compound. Using a suite of BamA-derived peptides, including amino acid substitutions as well as contracted and expanded substrate variants, the substrate tolerance of the heterocycle synthetase was elucidated in vitro, and the residues crucial for leader peptide binding were identified. Despite increased promiscuity compared to what was previously observed during heterologous production in E. coli, the synthetase retained exquisite selectivity in cyclization of unnatural peptides only at positions which correspond to those cyclized in the natural product. A cleavage site was subsequently introduced to facilitate leader peptide removal, yielding mature PZN variants after enzymatic or chemical dimethylation. In addition, we report the isolation and characterization of two novel PZN-like natural products that were predicted from genome sequences but whose production had not yet been observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin D. Deane
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Brandon J. Burkhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Patricia M. Blair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jonathan I. Tietz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Alice Lin
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Douglas A. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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23
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Slootweg JC, van Herwerden EF, van Doremalen MFM, Breukink E, Liskamp RMJ, Rijkers DTS. Synthesis of nisin AB dicarba analogs using ring-closing metathesis: influence of sp(3) versus sp(2) hybridization of the α-carbon atom of residues dehydrobutyrine-2 and dehydroalanine-5 on the lipid II binding affinity. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 13:5997-6009. [PMID: 25940216 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob00336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein the synthesis of two nisin AB dicarba analogs is described, focusing on amino acid modifications at positions 2 and 5. The nisin mimics were synthesized by a combination of solid phase synthesis of the linear peptides, followed by macrocyclization via ring-closing metathesis and fragment assembly by means of solution phase chemistry. The two N-terminal nisin AB-fragment mimics contain either the native dehydrobutyrine (Dhb)/dehydroalanine (Dha) amino acid residues or alanine at position 2 and 5, respectively. The native dehydrobutyrine at position 2 and dehydroalanine at position 5 were introduced as their precursors, namely threonine and serine, respectively, and subsequent dehydration was carried out by EDCI/CuCl as the condensing agent. Both AB-fragment mimics were analyzed in a lipid II binding assay and it was found that the Ala2/Ala5 AB-mimic (2) showed a reduced activity, while the Dhb2/Dha5 AB-mimic (3) was as active as the native AB-fragment (1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C Slootweg
- Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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24
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Abstract
The lantibiotics are a class of bacterially produced antimicrobial peptides (bacteriocins) that contain several unusual amino acids resulting from enzyme-mediated post-translational modifications. They exhibit high specific activity against Gram-positive targets, including many antibiotic-resistant pathogens, and consequently have been investigated with a view to their application as antimicrobials in both the food and medical arenas. Importantly, the gene-encoded nature of lantibiotics makes them more amenable to bioengineering strategies to further enhance their antimicrobial and physicochemical properties. However, although the bioengineering of lantibiotics has been underway for over 2 decades, significant progress has only been reported in recent years. This review charts recent developments with regard to the implementation of bioengineering strategies to enhance the functional characteristics of the prototypical and most studied lantibiotic nisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Des Field
- a Department of Microbiology ; University College Cork ; Cork , Ireland
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Harmsen RA, Ghalit N, Kemmink J, Breukink E, Liskamp RM, Rijkers DT. A conformationally constrained fused tricyclic nisin AB-ring system mimic toward an improved pyrophosphate binder of lipid II. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Semi-synthesis of biologically active nisin hybrids composed of the native lanthionine ABC-fragment and a cross-stapled synthetic DE-fragment. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:5345-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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27
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Tabor AB. Recent advances in synthetic analogues of lantibiotics: What can we learn from these? Bioorg Chem 2014; 55:39-50. [PMID: 24877613 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The lantibiotics are a family of antibacterial cyclic peptides distinguished by one or more thioether linkages between amino acid side chains, and by unique modes of action. Recent developments in the chemical synthesis, mutagenesis and mutasynthesis of these peptides are providing insights into the structural requirements for antibacterial activity and into the mode of action, as well as having the potential to produce analogues with greater stability, potency and bioavailability. This Review provides a survey of these recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alethea B Tabor
- UCL Department of Chemistry, 20, Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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28
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Slootweg JC, van der Wal S, Quarles van Ufford HC, Breukink E, Liskamp RMJ, Rijkers DTS. Synthesis, antimicrobial activity, and membrane permeabilizing properties of C-terminally modified nisin conjugates accessed by CuAAC. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:2058-66. [PMID: 24266643 DOI: 10.1021/bc400401k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Functionalization of the lantibiotic nisin with fluorescent reporter molecules is highly important for the understanding of its mode of action as a potent antimicrobial peptide. In addition to this, multimerization of nisin to obtain multivalent peptide constructs and conjugation of nisin to bioactive molecules or grafting it on surfaces can be attractive methods for interference with bacterial growth. Here, we report a convenient method for the synthesis of such nisin conjugates and show that these nisin derivatives retain both their antimicrobial activity and their membrane permeabilizing properties. The synthesis is based on the Cu(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) as a bioorthogonal ligation method for large and unprotected peptides in which nisin was C-terminally modified with propargylamine and subsequently efficiently conjugated to a series of functionalized azides. Two fluorescently labeled nisin conjugates together with a dimeric nisin construct were prepared while membrane insertion as well as antimicrobial activity were unaffected by these modifications. This study shows that C-terminal modification of nisin does not deteriorate biological activity in sharp contrast to N-terminal modification and therefore C-terminally modified nisin analogues are valuable tools to study the antibacterial mode of action of nisin. Furthermore, the ability to use stoichiometric amounts of the azide containing molecule opens up possibilities for surface tethering and more complex multivalent structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C Slootweg
- Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University , P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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29
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Slootweg JC, Kemmink J, Liskamp RMJ, Rijkers DTS. Synthesis and structural characterization of the individual diastereoisomers of a cross-stapled alkene-bridged nisin DE-ring mimic. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:7486-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41359d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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