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Guo L, Stoffels K, Broos J, Kuipers OP. Altering Specificity and Enhancing Stability of the Antimicrobial Peptides Nisin and Rombocin through Dehydrated Amino Acid Residue Engineering. Peptides 2024; 174:171152. [PMID: 38220092 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2024.171152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Nisin serves as the prototype within the lantibiotic group of antimicrobial peptides, exhibiting a broad-spectrum inhibition against Gram-positive bacteria, including important food-borne pathogens and clinically relevant antibiotic-resistant strains. The gene-encoded nature of nisin allows for gene-based bioengineering, enabling the generation of novel derivatives. It has been demonstrated that nisin mutants can be produced with improved functional properties. Here, we particularly focus on the uncommon amino acid residues dehydroalanine (Dha) and dehydrobutyrin (Dhb), whose functions are not yet fully elucidated. Prior to this study, we developed a new expression system that utilizes the nisin modification machinery NisBTC to advance expression, resulting in enhanced peptide dehydration efficiency. Through this approach, we discovered that the dehydrated amino acid Dhb at position 18 in the peptide rombocin, a short variant of nisin, displayed four times higher activity compared to the non-dehydrated peptide against the strain Lactococcus lactis. Furthermore, we observed that in the peptides nisin and rombocin, the dehydrated amino acid Dha at residue positon 18 exhibited superior activity compared to the dehydrated amino acid Dhb. Upon purifying the wild-type nisin and its variant nisinG18/Dha to homogeneity, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) indicated that the variant exhibited activity similar to that of wild-type nisin in inhibiting the growth of Bacillus cereus but showed twice the MIC values against the other four tested Gram-positive strains. Further stability tests demonstrated that the dehydrated peptide exhibited properties similar to wild-type nisin under different temperatures but displayed higher resistance to proteolytic enzymes compared to wild-type nisin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longcheng Guo
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Konstantin Stoffels
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Broos
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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2
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Guleria J, Khan MA. Mechanistic Insight into the Role of Peptides Secreted from Bacillus clausii and Future Opportunities. Curr Rev Clin Exp Pharmacol 2024; 19:CRCEP-EPUB-138597. [PMID: 38375835 DOI: 10.2174/0127724328273252240201071756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Bacillus clausii is a commercial spore probiotic known to treat multiple diseases. An increased interest in exploring the nutraceutical and probiotic properties of various microorganisms has made researchers explore more about these bacteria. The current trends in the healthcare industry are majorly focused on devising new therapies to avoid drug and pathogen resistance in patients. Antimicrobial peptides have been considered a source of antibiotics for a long time. Still, getting new therapies into the market is a big challenge. Members of the genus Bacillus have been reported to have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial peptides. One of the least explored species under this genus is Bacillus clausii, concerning peptide drug therapy. The applications of Bacillus clausii in treating or preventing gut dysbiosis and respiratory infections have been largely supported in the past two decades. Yet research is lacking in explaining the pathways at molecular levels in targeting pathogens. In this mini-review, we are going to summarise the research that has been reported so far about peptide extraction from Bacillus clausii, their mode of action and advantages to mankind, and the challenges lying in the isolation of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Guleria
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
| | - Minhaj Ahmad Khan
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, India
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3
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Ramírez-Rendón D, Guzmán-Chávez F, García-Ausencio C, Rodríguez-Sanoja R, Sánchez S. The untapped potential of actinobacterial lanthipeptides as therapeutic agents. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10605-10616. [PMID: 37934370 PMCID: PMC10676316 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08880-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
The increase in bacterial resistance generated by the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in medical practice set new challenges for discovering bioactive natural products as alternatives for therapeutics. Lanthipeptides are an attractive natural product group that has been only partially explored and shows engaging biological activities. These molecules are small peptides with potential application as therapeutic agents. Some members show antibiotic activity against problematic drug-resistant pathogens and against a wide variety of viruses. Nevertheless, their biological activities are not restricted to antimicrobials, as their contribution to the treatment of cystic fibrosis, cancer, pain symptoms, control of inflammation, and blood pressure has been demonstrated. The study of biosynthetic gene clusters through genome mining has contributed to accelerating the discovery, enlargement, and diversification of this group of natural products. In this review, we provide insight into the recent advances in the development and research of actinobacterial lanthipeptides that hold great potential as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Ramírez-Rendón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico City, México
| | - Fernando Guzmán-Chávez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico City, México
| | - Carlos García-Ausencio
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico City, México
| | - Romina Rodríguez-Sanoja
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico City, México
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX, 04510, Mexico City, México.
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4
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Fernández-Fernández R, Elsherbini AMA, Lozano C, Martínez A, de Toro M, Zarazaga M, Peschel A, Krismer B, Torres C. Genomic Analysis of Bacteriocin-Producing Staphylococci: High Prevalence of Lanthipeptides and the Micrococcin P1 Biosynthetic Gene Clusters. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023:10.1007/s12602-023-10119-w. [PMID: 37632676 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10119-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria. This study aimed to in silico analyze the presence of bacteriocin gene clusters (BGCs) among the genomes of 22 commensal Staphylococcus isolates from different origins (environment/human/food/pet/wild animals) previously identified as bacteriocin producers. The resistome and plasmidome were studied in all isolates. Five types of BGC were detected in 18 genomes of the 22 bacteriocin-producing staphylococci included in this study: class I (Lanthipeptides), class II, circular bacteriocins, the non-ribosomal-peptide lugdunin and the thiopeptide micrococcin P1 (MP1). A high frequency of lanthipeptides was detected in this collection: BGC variants of BSA, bacCH91, and epilancin15X were identified in two Staphylococcus aureus and one Staphylococcus warneri isolates from food and wild animals. Moreover, two potentially new lanthipeptide-like BGCs with no identity to database entries were found in Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus simulans from food and wild animal, respectively. Interestingly, four isolates (one S. aureus and one Staphylococcus hominis, environmental origin; two Staphylococcus sciuri, food) carried the MP1 BGC with differences to those previously described. On the other hand, seven of the 22 genomes (~32%) lacked known genes related with antibiotic or disinfectant-acquired resistance mechanisms. Moreover, the potential carriage of plasmids was evaluated, and several Rep-proteins were identified (~73% of strains). In conclusion, a wide variety of BGCs has been observed among the 22 genomes, and an interesting relationship between related Staphylococcus species and the type of bacteriocin has been revealed. Therefore, bacteriocin-producing Staphylococcus and especially coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) can be considered good candidates as a source of novel bacteriocins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fernández-Fernández
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Ahmed M A Elsherbini
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carmen Lozano
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Agustí Martínez
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - María de Toro
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Center for Biomedical Research of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | - Myriam Zarazaga
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Andreas Peschel
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Krismer
- Department of Infection Biology, Interfaculty Institute of Microbiology and Infection Medicine, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence EXC 2124 Controlling Microbes to Fight Infections, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carmen Torres
- Area of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, OneHealth-UR Research Group, University of La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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Sigurdsson A, Martins BM, Düttmann SA, Jasyk M, Dimos-Röhl B, Schöpf F, Gemander M, Knittel CH, Schnegotzki R, Schmid B, Kosol S, Pommerening L, González-Viegas M, Seidel M, Hügelland M, Leimkühler S, Dobbek H, Mainz A, Süssmuth R. Discovery of the lanthipeptide curvocidin and structural insights into its trifunctional synthetase CuvL. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202302490. [PMID: 37014271 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202302490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Lanthipeptides are ribosomally-synthesized natural products from bacteria featuring stable thioether-crosslinks and various bioactivities. Herein, we report on a new clade of tricyclic class-IV lanthipeptides with curvocidin from Thermomonospora curvata as its first representative. We obtained crystal structures of the corresponding lanthipeptide synthetase CuvL that showed a circular arrangement of its kinase, lyase and cyclase domains, forming a central reaction chamber for the iterative substrate processing involving nine catalytic events. The combination of experimental data and artificial intelligence-based structural models identified the N-terminal subdomain of the kinase domain as the primary site of substrate recruitment. The ribosomal precursor peptide of curvocidin employs an amphipathic a-helix in its leader region as an anchor to CuvL, while its substrate core shuttles within the central reaction chamber. Our study thus reveals general principles of domain organization and substrate recruitment of class-IV and class-III lanthipeptide synthetases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnar Sigurdsson
- TU Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin, Faculty II - Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mueller-Breslau str. 10, L building, 10623, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Berta M Martins
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin: Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie - Strukturbiologie/Biochemie, Philippstraße 13, 10115, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Simon A Düttmann
- Technische Universitat Berlin, Faculty II - Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mueller-Breslau str. 10, L building, 10623, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Martin Jasyk
- Technische Universitat Berlin, Faculty II - Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mueller-Breslau str. 10, L building, 10623, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Benjamin Dimos-Röhl
- Technische Universitat Berlin, Faculty II - Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mueller-Breslau str. 10, L building, 10623, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Felix Schöpf
- Technische Universitat Berlin, Faculty II - Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mueller-Breslau str. 10, L building, 10623, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Manuel Gemander
- Technical University of Berlin: Technische Universitat Berlin, Faculty II - Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Strasse des 17. Juni 124/ TC2, TC Building, 10587, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Caroline H Knittel
- Technische Universitat Berlin, Faculty II - Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Strasse des 17. Juni 124/ TC2, TC building, 10587, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Romina Schnegotzki
- Technische Universitat Berlin, Faculty II - Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Strasse des 17. Juni 124/ TC2, TC building, 10587, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Bianca Schmid
- Technische Universitat Berlin, Faculty II - Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Strasse des 17. Juni 124/ TC2, TC building, 10587, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Simone Kosol
- Technische Universitat Berlin, Faculty II - Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mueller-Breslau str. 10, L building, 10623, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Lea Pommerening
- Technische Universitat Berlin, Faculty II - Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mueller-Breslau str. 10, L building, 10623, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - María González-Viegas
- Humboldt University of Berlin: Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie - Strukturbiologie/Biochemie, Philippstraße 13, 10115, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Maria Seidel
- Technische Universitat Berlin, Faculty II - Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mueller-Breslau str. 10, L building, 10623, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Manuela Hügelland
- Technische Universitat Berlin, Faculty II - Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mueller-Breslau str. 10, L building, 10623, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Silke Leimkühler
- University of Potsdam: Universitat Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24, H25, 1447, Potsdam, GERMANY
| | - Holger Dobbek
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin: Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Institut für Biologie - Strukturbiologie/Biochemie, Philippstraße 13, 10115, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Andi Mainz
- Technische Universitat Berlin, Faculty II - Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Mueller-Breslau str. 10, L building, 10623, Berlin, GERMANY
| | - Roderich Süssmuth
- Technical University Berlin, Organic Chemistry, Strasse des 17. Juni 124/ TC2, TC Building, 10623, Berlin, GERMANY
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6
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Barbosa JC, Mösker E, Faria R, Süssmuth RD, Mendo S, Caetano T. Class II two-peptide lanthipeptide proteases: exploring LicTP for biotechnological applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1687-96. [PMID: 36763118 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The enzymatic machinery involved in the biosynthesis of lantibiotic is an untapped source of proteases with different specificities. Lanthipeptide biosynthesis requires proteolysis of specific target sequences by known proteases, which are encoded by contiguous genes. Herein, the activity of lichenicidin A2 (LicA2) trimming proteases (LicP and LicT) was investigated in vivo. Firstly, the impact of some residues and the size of the peptide were evaluated. Then followed trials in which LicA2 leader was evaluated as a tag to direct production and secretion of other relevant peptides. Our results show that a negatively charged residue (preferably Glu) at cleavage site is important for LicP efficacy. Some mutations of the lichenicidin hexapeptide such as Val-4Ala, Asp-5Ala, Asn-6Ser, and the alteration of GG-motif to GA resulted in higher processing rates, indicating the possibility of improved lichenicidin production in Escherichia coli. More importantly, insulin A, amylin (non-lanthipeptides), and epidermin were produced and secreted to E. coli supernatant, when fused to the LicA2 leader peptide. This work aids in clarifying the activity of lantibiotic-related transporters and proteases and to evaluate their possible application in industrial processes of relevant compounds, taking advantage of the potential of microorganisms as biofactories. KEY POINTS: • LicM2 correct activity implies a negatively charged residue at position -1. • Hexapeptide mutations can increase the amount of fully processed Bliβ. • LicA2 leader peptide directs LicTP cleavage and secretion of other peptides.
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Huang S, Wang Y, Cai C, Xiao X, Liu S, Ma Y, Xie X, Liang Y, Chen H, Zhu J, Hegemann JD, Yao H, Wei W, Wang H. Discovery of a Unique Structural Motif in Lanthipeptide Synthetases for Substrate Binding and Interdomain Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211382. [PMID: 36102578 PMCID: PMC9828337 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Class III lanthipeptide synthetases catalyze the formation of lanthionine/methyllanthionine and labionin crosslinks. We present here the 2.40 Å resolution structure of the kinase domain of a class III lanthipeptide synthetase CurKC from the biosynthesis of curvopeptin. A unique structural subunit for leader binding, named leader recognition domain (LRD), was identified. The LRD of CurKC is responsible for the recognition of the leader peptide and for mediating interactions between the lyase and kinase domains. LRDs are highly conserved among the kinase domains of class III and class IV lanthipeptide synthetases. The discovery of LRDs provides insight into the substrate recognition and domain organization in multidomain lanthipeptide synthetases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanqing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryChemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNo. 163 Xianlin AveNanjing210093China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryChemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNo. 163 Xianlin AveNanjing210093China
| | - Chuangxu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryChemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNo. 163 Xianlin AveNanjing210093China
| | - Xiuyun Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryChemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNo. 163 Xianlin AveNanjing210093China
| | - Shulei Liu
- Institute of Molecular EnzymologySchool of Biology and Basic Medical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Yeying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryChemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNo. 163 Xianlin AveNanjing210093China
| | - Xiangqian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryChemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNo. 163 Xianlin AveNanjing210093China
| | - Yong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryChemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNo. 163 Xianlin AveNanjing210093China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryChemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNo. 163 Xianlin AveNanjing210093China
| | - Jiapeng Zhu
- Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI)Saarland University Campus66123SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Julian D. Hegemann
- School of Medicine and Life SciencesState Key Laboratory Cultivation Base for TCM Quality and EfficacyJiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia MedicaNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing210023China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- Institute of Molecular EnzymologySchool of Biology and Basic Medical SciencesSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China
| | - Wanqing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan UniversityWuxi214122P. R. China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination ChemistryChemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center of Nanjing UniversityJiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Organic MaterialsSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringNanjing UniversityNo. 163 Xianlin AveNanjing210093China
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Barbosa JC, Gonçalves S, Makowski M, Silva ÍC, Caetano T, Schneider T, Mösker E, Süssmuth RD, Santos NC, Mendo S. Insights into the mode of action of the two-peptide lantibiotic lichenicidin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 211:112308. [PMID: 34973602 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.112308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lantibiotics are promising candidates to address the worldwide problem of antibiotic resistance. They belong to a class of natural compounds exhibiting strong activity against clinically relevant Gram-positive bacterial strains, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE). Lichenicidin is a class II two-peptide lantibiotic. The presence of the two mature peptides, Bliα and Bliβ, is necessary for full activity against target bacteria. This work aims at clarifying the synergistic activity of both peptides in their interaction with the target membranes. The effect of lichenicidin was tested against S. aureus cells and large unilamellar vesicles. Lichenicidin increases the net surface charge of S. aureus, as shown by zeta-potential measurements, without reaching electroneutralization. In addition, lichenicidin causes cell surface perturbations that culminate in the leakage of its internal contents, as observed by atomic force microscopy. Bliα seems to have low affinity for S. aureus, however, it contributes to increase the affinity of Bliβ, because together they present higher affinity than separately. In contrast, Bliα seems to provide an anchoring site for lichenicidin in lipid II-containing membranes. Interestingly, Bliβ alone can induce high levels of membrane leakage, but this effect appears to be faster in the presence of Bliα. Based on this information, we propose a mechanism of action of lichenicidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana C Barbosa
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sónia Gonçalves
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Marcin Makowski
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Ítala C Silva
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Tânia Caetano
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Tanja Schneider
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Eva Mösker
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Nuno C Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Sónia Mendo
- Department of Biology & Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
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9
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Barbosa JC, Silva ÍC, Caetano T, Mösker E, Seidel M, Lourenço J, Süssmuth RD, Santos NC, Gonçalves S, Mendo S. Assessing the potential of the two-peptide lantibiotic lichenicidin as a new generation antimicrobial. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:18. [PMID: 34977979 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03196-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Lantibiotics are a promising class of natural antimicrobial peptides. Lichenicidin is a two-peptide lantibiotic in which two mature peptides act synergistically to exhibit full bioactivity. Considering the two-peptide lantibiotics described so far, only cytolysin has been deeply characterized in terms of toxicity towards eukaryotic cells and it was found to be hemolytic and cytotoxic. This work aimed to improve the production of lichenicidin in vivo and characterize its antibacterial activity and toxicity against human cells. Peptides were purified and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined against several strains; a time-kill assay was performed with Staphylococcus aureus. The hemolytic effect of lichenicidin was evaluated on blood samples from healthy donors and its toxicity towards human fibroblasts. The quantity of purified peptides was 1 mg/l Bliα and 0.4 mg/l Bliβ. MIC for methicillin-sensitive and resistant S. aureus (MSSA and MRSA) strains were 16-32 µg/ml and 64-128 µg/ml, respectively. At the MIC, lichenicidin took less than 3 h to eliminate MSSA, indicating a strong bactericidal effect. It induces cell lysis at the highest concentration, an effect that might be potentiated by Bliβ. Lichenicidin was not cytotoxic to human erythrocytes and fibroblasts. In this work, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of lichenicidin as a possible antimicrobial alternative.
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10
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Othoum G, Bougouffa S, Bokhari A, Lafi FF, Gojobori T, Hirt H, Mijakovic I, Bajic VB, Essack M. Mining biosynthetic gene clusters in Virgibacillus genomes. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:696. [PMID: 31481022 PMCID: PMC6724285 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6065-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Biosynthetic gene clusters produce a wide range of metabolites with activities that are of interest to the pharmaceutical industry. Specific interest is shown towards those metabolites that exhibit antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria that have become a global health threat. Genera of the phylum Firmicutes are frequently identified as sources of such metabolites, but the biosynthetic potential of its Virgibacillus genus is not known. Here, we used comparative genomic analysis to determine whether Virgibacillus strains isolated from the Red Sea mangrove mud in Rabigh Harbor Lagoon, Saudi Arabia, may be an attractive source of such novel antimicrobial agents. Results A comparative genomics analysis based on Virgibacillus dokdonensis Bac330, Virgibacillus sp. Bac332 and Virgibacillus halodenitrificans Bac324 (isolated from the Red Sea) and six other previously reported Virgibacillus strains was performed. Orthology analysis was used to determine the core genomes as well as the accessory genome of the nine Virgibacillus strains. The analysis shows that the Red Sea strain Virgibacillus sp. Bac332 has the highest number of unique genes and genomic islands compared to other genomes included in this study. Focusing on biosynthetic gene clusters, we show how marine isolates, including those from the Red Sea, are more enriched with nonribosomal peptides compared to the other Virgibacillus species. We also found that most nonribosomal peptide synthases identified in the Virgibacillus strains are part of genomic regions that are potentially horizontally transferred. Conclusions The Red Sea Virgibacillus strains have a large number of biosynthetic genes in clusters that are not assigned to known products, indicating significant potential for the discovery of novel bioactive compounds. Also, having more modular synthetase units suggests that these strains are good candidates for experimental characterization of previously identified bioactive compounds as well. Future efforts will be directed towards establishing the properties of the potentially novel compounds encoded by the Red Sea specific trans-AT PKS/NRPS cluster and the type III PKS/NRPS cluster. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-019-6065-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghofran Othoum
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Salim Bougouffa
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameerah Bokhari
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras F Lafi
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Abu-Dhabi, 144534, United Arab Emirates
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering (BESE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Division of Systems & Synthetic Biology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Vladimir B Bajic
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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11
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Tang W, Bobeica SC, Wang L, van der Donk WA. CylA is a sequence-specific protease involved in toxin biosynthesis. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 46:537-549. [PMID: 30484123 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-018-2110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CylA is a subtilisin-like protein belonging to a recently expanded serine protease family related to class II lanthipeptide biosynthesis. As a leader peptidase, CylA is responsible for maturation of the enterococcal cytolysin, a lantibiotic important for Enterococcus faecalis virulence. In vitro reconstitution of CylA reveals that it accepts both linear and modified cytolysin peptides with a preference for cyclized peptides. Further characterization indicates that CylA activates itself by removing its N-terminal 95 amino acids. CylA achieves sequence-specific traceless cleavage of non-cognate peptides even if they are post-translationally modified, which makes the peptidase a powerful tool for mining novel lanthipeptides by providing a general strategy for leader peptide removal. Knowledge about the substrate specificity of CylA may also facilitate the development of protease inhibitors targeting cytolysin biosynthesis as a potential therapeutic approach for enterococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixin Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Silvia C Bobeica
- Department of Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Wilfred A van der Donk
- Department of Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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12
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Poorinmohammad N, Hamedi J, Moghaddam MHAM. Sequence-based analysis and prediction of lantibiotics: A machine learning approach. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 77:199-206. [PMID: 30342319 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Lantibiotics, an important group of ribosomally synthesized peptides, represent an important arsenal of novel promising antimicrobials showing high potency in fighting against the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among microbial pathogens. However, due to the lack of high throughput strategies for the isolation and identification of these compounds, our information regarding their structure and especially sequence-based properties is far from complete. Therefore, in the present study, a comprehensive sequence-based analysis of these peptides was performed with the help of machine learning approach together with a feature selection technique. Meanwhile, an attempt to develop an accurate computational model for prediction of lantibiotics was made via constructing two datasets of 280 and 190 lantibiotic and non-lantibiotic antimicrobial peptide sequences, respectively. Based on the conducted approach and as a result of our search for a subset of relevant features of lantibiotics, particular types of sequenced-based features were observed to be preferred in lantibiotics, the knowledge-based implementation of which can be used as strategies for lantibiotic bioengineering purposes. Moreover, a SMO-based classifier was developed for the prediction of lantibiotics with the accuracy and specificity values of 88.5% and 94%, respectively which shows the great potential of the developed algorithm for the prediction of lantibiotcs. Conclusively, the accurate predictor algorithm as well as the identified sequence-based distinctiveness properties of lantibiotics can give valuable information in both the fields of lantibiotic discovery and bioengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naghmeh Poorinmohammad
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Microbial Technology and Products Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Hamedi
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Microbial Technology and Products Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Abbaspour Motlagh Moghaddam
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Microbial Technology and Products Research Center, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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13
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Othoum G, Bougouffa S, Razali R, Bokhari A, Alamoudi S, Antunes A, Gao X, Hoehndorf R, Arold ST, Gojobori T, Hirt H, Mijakovic I, Bajic VB, Lafi FF, Essack M. In silico exploration of Red Sea Bacillus genomes for natural product biosynthetic gene clusters. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:382. [PMID: 29788916 PMCID: PMC5964695 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4796-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing spectrum of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a major global public health concern, necessitating discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. Here, members of the genus Bacillus are investigated as a potentially attractive source of novel antibiotics due to their broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. We specifically focus on a computational analysis of the distinctive biosynthetic potential of Bacillus paralicheniformis strains isolated from the Red Sea, an ecosystem exposed to adverse, highly saline and hot conditions. RESULTS We report the complete circular and annotated genomes of two Red Sea strains, B. paralicheniformis Bac48 isolated from mangrove mud and B. paralicheniformis Bac84 isolated from microbial mat collected from Rabigh Harbor Lagoon in Saudi Arabia. Comparing the genomes of B. paralicheniformis Bac48 and B. paralicheniformis Bac84 with nine publicly available complete genomes of B. licheniformis and three genomes of B. paralicheniformis, revealed that all of the B. paralicheniformis strains in this study are more enriched in nonribosomal peptides (NRPs). We further report the first computationally identified trans-acyltransferase (trans-AT) nonribosomal peptide synthetase/polyketide synthase (PKS/ NRPS) cluster in strains of this species. CONCLUSIONS B. paralicheniformis species have more genes associated with biosynthesis of antimicrobial bioactive compounds than other previously characterized species of B. licheniformis, which suggests that these species are better potential sources for novel antibiotics. Moreover, the genome of the Red Sea strain B. paralicheniformis Bac48 is more enriched in modular PKS genes compared to B. licheniformis strains and other B. paralicheniformis strains. This may be linked to adaptations that strains surviving in the Red Sea underwent to survive in the relatively hot and saline ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghofran Othoum
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Bougouffa
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rozaimi Razali
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ameerah Bokhari
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha Alamoudi
- Department of Biology, Science and Arts College, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 21589 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - André Antunes
- Biology Department, Edge Hill University, L39 4QP, Ormskirk, Lancashire UK
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Robert Hoehndorf
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefan T. Arold
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Heribert Hirt
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division (BESE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ivan Mijakovic
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Division of Systems & Synthetic Biology, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Vladimir B. Bajic
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras F. Lafi
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Madaba, PO Box 2882, Madaba, Amman JO-11821 Jordan
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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14
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Ongey EL, Yassi H, Pflugmacher S, Neubauer P. Pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of lanthipeptides undergoing clinical studies. Biotechnol Lett 2017; 39:473-482. [PMID: 28044226 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-016-2279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic qualities of lanthipeptides for their use as therapeutic drugs present several challenges because of their properties, which include stability, solubility and bioavailability, which, under physiological conditions, are very low. Researches have encouraged clinical evaluation of a few compounds, such as mutacin 1140, microbisporicin, actagardine and duramycin, with pharmacokinetic profiles showing rapid distribution and elimination rates, good bioavailability and fecal excretion, as well as high protein binding. Local and parenteral administration are currently suitable to minimize environmental influences on lanthipeptides and ensure efficient activity. Nevertheless, valuable improvements on pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties may also permit systemic applications via enteral routes. Understanding how rational modifications influence the desired pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of these biomolecules would help to answer some specific questions about their susceptibility to environmental changes, mechanism of action and how to engineer other peptides of the same group to improve their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Legala Ongey
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, ACK24, 13355, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, ACK24, 13355, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Hüseyin Yassi
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, ACK24, 13355, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Pflugmacher
- Department Ecological Impact Research and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Ecology, Berlin Institute of Technology (BIT), 10538, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Ackerstraße 76, ACK24, 13355, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Zhao X, Kuipers OP. Identification and classification of known and putative antimicrobial compounds produced by a wide variety of Bacillales species. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:882. [PMID: 27821051 PMCID: PMC5100339 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gram-positive bacteria of the Bacillales are important producers of antimicrobial compounds that might be utilized for medical, food or agricultural applications. Thanks to the wide availability of whole genome sequence data and the development of specific genome mining tools, novel antimicrobial compounds, either ribosomally- or non-ribosomally produced, of various Bacillales species can be predicted and classified. Here, we provide a classification scheme of known and putative antimicrobial compounds in the specific context of Bacillales species. RESULTS We identify and describe known and putative bacteriocins, non-ribosomally synthesized peptides (NRPs), polyketides (PKs) and other antimicrobials from 328 whole-genome sequenced strains of 57 species of Bacillales by using web based genome-mining prediction tools. We provide a classification scheme for these bacteriocins, update the findings of NRPs and PKs and investigate their characteristics and suitability for biocontrol by describing per class their genetic organization and structure. Moreover, we highlight the potential of several known and novel antimicrobials from various species of Bacillales. CONCLUSIONS Our extended classification of antimicrobial compounds demonstrates that Bacillales provide a rich source of novel antimicrobials that can now readily be tapped experimentally, since many new gene clusters are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands.,School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Oscar P Kuipers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, Groningen, 9747AG, The Netherlands.
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16
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Abstract
The amino acid glutamate is a major metabolic hub in many organisms and as such is involved in diverse processes in addition to its role in protein synthesis. Nitrogen assimilation, nucleotide, amino acid, and cofactor biosynthesis, as well as secondary natural product formation all utilize glutamate in some manner. Glutamate also plays a role in the catabolism of certain amines. Understanding glutamate's role in these various processes can aid in genome mining for novel metabolic pathways or the engineering of pathways for bioremediation or chemical production of valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Wilfred A van der Donk
- Department of Chemistry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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17
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Stegmann E, Frasch HJ, Kilian R, Pozzi R. Self-resistance mechanisms of actinomycetes producing lipid II-targeting antibiotics. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 305:190-5. [PMID: 25601631 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycopeptides and several lantibiotics are lipid II-targeting antibiotics produced by actinomycetes. To protect themselves from their own product, antibiotic producers developed self-resistance mechanisms. Inspection of different producer strains revealed that their resistance is not only based on a single determinant but on the synergistic action of different factors. Glycopeptide producers possess different ways to synthesize a modified peptidoglycan to prevent the binding of the glycopeptide antibiotic. One possible modification is the synthesis of peptidoglycan precursors terminating with a D-alanyl-D-lactate (D-Ala-D-Lac) rather than with a D-alanyl-D-alanine (D-Ala-D-Ala) resulting in a 1000-fold decreased binding affinity of the glycopeptide to its target. The reprogramming of the peptidoglycan precursor biosynthesis is based on the action of VanHAX or paralogous enzymes as it was shown for Amycolatopsis balhimycina. A second peptidoglycan modification resulting in glycopeptide resistance was investigated in the glycopeptide A40926 producer Nonomuraea ATCC 39727. Nonomuraea eliminates the glycopeptide target by synthesizing a peptidoglycan with 3-3 cross-linked peptide stems. The carboxypeptidase VanYn provides tetrapeptides which serve as substrates for the L,D-transpeptidase catalyzing the formation of 3-3 cross-links. The occurrence of 3-3 cross-linked dimers is also an important feature of the lantibiotic NAI-107 producer Microbispora ATCC PTA-5024. Moreover, the D-Ala in the fourth position in the acceptor peptide of muropeptides is exchanged to glycine or serine in Microbispora, a side reaction of the L,D-transpeptidase. Together with the lipoprotein MlbQ, the ABC transporter MlbYZ and the transmembrane protein MlbJ it might contribute to the self-resistance in Microbispora ATCC PTA-5024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evi Stegmann
- Interfakultaeres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Tuebingen IMIT, Mikrobiologie/Biotechnologie, Eberhard Karls Universitaet Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Hans-Joerg Frasch
- Interfakultaeres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Tuebingen IMIT, Mikrobiologie/Biotechnologie, Eberhard Karls Universitaet Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Regina Kilian
- Interfakultaeres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Tuebingen IMIT, Mikrobiologie/Biotechnologie, Eberhard Karls Universitaet Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Roberta Pozzi
- Interfakultaeres Institut für Mikrobiologie und Infektionsmedizin Tuebingen IMIT, Mikrobiologie/Biotechnologie, Eberhard Karls Universitaet Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 28, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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