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Della Rosa G, Di Corato R, Carpi S, Polini B, Taurino A, Tedeschi L, Nieri P, Rinaldi R, Aloisi A. Tailoring of silica-based nanoporous pod by spermidine multi-activity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21142. [PMID: 33273530 PMCID: PMC7712788 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitous in nature, polyamines (PAs) are a class of low-molecular aliphatic amines critically involved in cell growth, survival and differentiation. The polycation behavior is validated as a successful strategy in delivery systems to enhance oligonucleotide loading and cellular uptake. In this study, the chemical features and the functional roles of the PA spermidine are synergistically exploited in the synthesis and bioactive functionalization of SiO2-based structures. Inspired by biosilicification, the role of spermidine is assessed both as catalyst and template in a biomimetic one-pot synthesis of dense silica-based particles (SPs) and as a competitive agent in an interfacial reassembly strategy, to empty out SPs and generate spermidine-decorated hollow silica nanoporous pods (spd-SNPs). Spermidine bioactivity is then employed for targeting tumor cell over-expressed polyamine transport system (PTS) and for effective delivery of functional miRNA into melanoma cells. Spermidine decoration promotes spd-SNP cell internalization mediated by PTS and along with hollow structure enhances oligonucleotide loading. Accordingly, the functional delivery of the tumor suppressor miR-34a 3p resulted in intracellular accumulation of histone-complexed DNA fragments associated with apoptosis. Overall, the results highlight the potential of spd-SNP as a multi-agent anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Della Rosa
- Mathematics and Physics "E. De Giorgi" Department, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies (NBT), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego, 16163, Genova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Di Corato
- Mathematics and Physics "E. De Giorgi" Department, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies (CBN), Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Barsanti, Arnesano, 73010, Lecce, Italy
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), CNR, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Sara Carpi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Farmacologia Marina, MARine PHARMA Center, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Polini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonietta Taurino
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), CNR, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Lorena Tedeschi
- Oligonucleotides Laboratory, Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), CNR, Via Moruzzi, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Nieri
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 56126, Pisa, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Farmacologia Marina, MARine PHARMA Center, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosaria Rinaldi
- Mathematics and Physics "E. De Giorgi" Department, University of Salento, Via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), CNR, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- ISUFI, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Alessandra Aloisi
- Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems (IMM), CNR, Via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy.
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2
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Liu X, Dong M, Qi H, Gao Q, Zhang C. Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Bioassay of Two Protein Kinases Incorporating Peptide Phosphorylation and Versatile Probe. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8720-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory
of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Manman Dong
- Key Laboratory
of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Honglan Qi
- Key Laboratory
of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Key Laboratory
of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062, P. R. China
| | - Chengxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory
of Analytical
Chemistry for Life Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062, P. R. China
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3
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Witucki LA, Borowicz LS, Pedley AM, Curtis-Fisk J, Kuszpit EG. Identification of FAK substrate peptides via colorimetric screening of a one-bead one-peptide combinatorial library. J Pept Sci 2015; 21:302-11. [PMID: 25728406 DOI: 10.1002/psc.2751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a protein tyrosine kinase that is associated with regulating cellular functions such as cell adhesion and migration and has emerged as an important target for cancer research. Short peptide substrates that are selectively and efficiently phosphorylated by FAK have not been previously identified and tested. Here we report the synthesis and screening of a one-bead one-peptide combinatorial library to identify novel substrates for FAK. Using a solid-phase colorimetric antibody tagging detection platform, the peptide beads phosphorylated by FAK were sequenced via Edman degradation and then validated through radioisotope kinetic studies with [γ-(32)P] ATP to derive Michaelis-Menton constants. The combination of results gathered from both colorimetric and radioisotope kinase assays led to the rational design of a second generation of FAK peptide substrates. Out of all the potential peptide substrates evaluated, the most active was GDYVEFKKK with a K(M) = 92 μM and a Vmax = 1920 nmol/min/mg. Peptide substrates discovered within this study may be useful diagnostic tools for future kinase investigations and may lead to novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie A Witucki
- Department of Chemistry, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI, 49401, USA
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4
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Lu HT. Synthesis and characterization of amino-functionalized silica nanoparticles. COLLOID JOURNAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061933x13030125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Xu X, Zhou J, Liu X, Nie Z, Qing M, Guo M, Yao S. Aptameric Peptide for One-Step Detection of Protein Kinase. Anal Chem 2012; 84:4746-53. [DOI: 10.1021/ac3001918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Zheng G, Torres AM, Ali M, Manolios N, Price WS. NMR study of the structure and self-association of core peptide in aqueous solution and DPC micelles. Biopolymers 2011; 96:177-80. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.21423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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7
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Manolios N, Ali M, Bender V. T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) transmembrane peptides: A new paradigm for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Cell Adh Migr 2010; 4:273-83. [PMID: 20431344 DOI: 10.4161/cam.4.2.11909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell surface membranes are generally considered as inert and hydrophobic providing a stable physical barrier that anchor proteins and maintain cellular homeostasis between the intra- and the extra-cellular environment. The integral proteins that transverse membranes do so once or multiple times and can function alone or as part of a larger complex. Far from being inert, there is a multiplicity of biophysical factors that drive protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions within membranes that are being increasingly recognised as very important for cellular function. Unravelling these "hot-spots" on the contact surface of transmembrane (TM) proteins and targeting peptides to these sites to interrupt the cohesive interaction between the proteins provides both an enormous challenge and a huge therapeutic potential that as yet remains unrecognized. Indeed, with biopharmaceutical research on the rise, TM peptides may prove a useful innovation. Using the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) as a model system of multi-subunits interacting at the TM via electrostatic charges the potential for peptides as therapeutic agents to interfere with normal immune responses is discussed. The principles of such can be extended to other similar receptor systems including those involved in cancer or infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Manolios
- Department of Rheumatology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia.
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8
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Sigalov AB. New therapeutic strategies targeting transmembrane signal transduction in the immune system. Cell Adh Migr 2010; 4:255-67. [PMID: 20519929 DOI: 10.4161/cam.4.2.10746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-chain receptors and multi-chain immune recognition receptors (SRs and MIRRs, respectively) represent families of structurally related but functionally different surface receptors expressed on different cells. In contrast to SRs, a distinctive and common structural characteristic of MIRR family members is that the extracellular recognition domains and intracellular signaling domains are located on separate subunits. How extracellular ligand binding triggers MIRRs and initiates intracellular signal transduction processes is not clear. A novel model of immune signaling, the Signaling Chain HOmoOLigomerization (SCHOOL) model, suggests that the homooligomerization of receptor intracellular signaling domains represents a necessary and sufficient condition for receptor triggering. In this review, I demonstrate striking similarities between a consensus model of SR signaling and the SCHOOL model of MIRR signaling and show how these models, together with the lessons learned from viral pathogenesis, provide a molecular basis for novel pharmacological approaches targeting inter- and intrareceptor transmembrane interactions as universal therapeutic targets for a diverse variety of immune and other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander B Sigalov
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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9
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Kim YG, Shin DS, Kim EM, Park HY, Lee CS, Kim JH, Lee BS, Lee YS, Kim BG. High-throughput identification of substrate specificity for protein kinase by using an improved one-bead-one-compound library approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 46:5408-11. [PMID: 17554743 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200700195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Gon Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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10
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Signaling Chain Homooligomerization (SCHOOL) Model. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 640:121-63. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-09789-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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11
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Manolios N, Ali M, Amon M, Bender V. Therapeutic Application of Transmembrane T and Natural Killer Cell Receptor Peptides. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 640:208-19. [DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-09789-3_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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12
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Amon MA, Ali M, Bender V, Hall K, Aguilar MI, Aldrich-Wright J, Manolios N. Kinetic and conformational properties of a novel T-cell antigen receptor transmembrane peptide in model membranes. J Pept Sci 2008; 14:714-24. [PMID: 18240131 DOI: 10.1002/psc.987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Core peptide (CP; GLRILLLKV) is a 9-amino acid peptide derived from the transmembrane sequence of the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) alpha-subunit. CP inhibits T-cell activation both in vitro and in vivo by disruption of the TCR at the membrane level. To elucidate CP interactions with lipids, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and circular dichroism (CD) were used to examine CP binding and secondary structure in the presence of either the anionic dimyristoyl-L-alpha-phosphatidyl-DL-glycerol (DMPG), or the zwitterionic dimyristoyl-L-alpha-phoshatidyl choline (DMPC). Using lipid monolayers and bilayers, SPR experiments demonstrated that irreversible peptide-lipid binding required the hydrophobic interior provided by a membrane bilayer. The importance of electrostatic interactions between CP and phospholipids was highlighted on lipid monolayers as CP bound reversibly to anionic DMPG monolayers, with no detectable binding observed on neutral DMPC monolayers.CD revealed a dose-dependent conformational change of CP from a dominantly random coil structure to that of beta-structure as the concentration of lipid increased relative to CP. This occurred only in the presence of the anionic DMPG at a lipid : peptide molar ratio of 1.6:1 as no conformational change was observed when the zwitterionic DMPC was tested up to a lipid : peptide ratio of 8.4 : 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Amon
- Rheumatology Department, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, Australia
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13
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Xiong YZ, Chen PY. ONIOM DFT/PM3 calculation on the interaction between STI-571 and abelson tyrosine kinase. J Mol Model 2008; 14:1083-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-008-0351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Protein-protein interactions play a central role in biological processes and thus are an appealing target for innovative drug design a nd development. They can be targeted bysmall molecule inhibitors, peptides and peptidomimetics, which represent an alternative to protein therapeutics that carry many disadvantages. In this chapter, I describe specific protein-protein interactions suggested by a novel model of immune signaling, the Signaling Chain HOmoOLigomerization (SCHOOL) model, to be critical for cell activation mediated by multichain immune recognition receptors (MIRRs) expressed on different cells of the hematopoietic system. Unraveling a long-standing mystery of MIRR triggering and transmembrane signaling, the SCHOOL model reveals the intrareceptor transmembrane interactions and interreceptor cytoplasmic homointeractions as universal therapeutic targets for a diverse variety of disorders mediated by immune cells. Further, assuming that the general principles underlying MIRR-mediated transmembrane signaling mechanisms are similar, the SCHOOL model can be applied to any particular receptor of the MIRR family. Thus, an important application of the SCHOOL model is that global therapeutic strategies targeting key protein-protein interactions involved in MIRR triggering and transmembrane signal transduction may be used to treat a diverse set of immune-mediated diseases. This assumes that clinical knowledge and therapeutic strategies can be transferred between seemingly disparate disorders, such as T-cell-mediated skin diseases and platelet disorders, or combined to develop novel pharmacological approaches. Intriguingly, the SCHOOL model unravels the molecular mechanisms underlying ability of different human viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, cytomegalovirus and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus to modulate and/or escape the host immune response. It also demonstrates how the lessons learned from viral pathogenesis can be used practically for rational drug design. Application of this model to platelet collagen receptor signaling has already led to the development of a novel concept of platelet inhibition and the invention of new platelet inhibitors, thus proving the suggested hypothesis and highlighting the importance and broad perspectives of the SCHOOL model in the development of new targeting strategies.
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15
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Shin DS, Kim YG, Kim EM, Kim M, Park HY, Kim JH, Lee BS, Kim BG, Lee YS. Solid-phase peptide library synthesis on HiCore resin for screening substrate specificity of Brk protein tyrosine kinase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 10:20-3. [PMID: 18052331 DOI: 10.1021/cc7001217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sik Shin
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Interdisciplinary Program for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Kwanak Gu, Seoul 151-744, Korea
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16
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Kim YG, Shin DS, Kim EM, Park HY, Lee CS, Kim JH, Lee BS, Lee YS, Kim BG. High-Throughput Identification of Substrate Specificity for Protein Kinase by Using an Improved One-Bead-One-Compound Library Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200700195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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T-Cell Antigen Receptor-alpha Chain Transmembrane Peptides: Correlation between Structure and Function. Int J Pept Res Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-006-9025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Kim DH, Lee HY, Kim H, Kim H, Lee YS, Park SB. Quantitative Evaluation of HiCore Resin for the Nonspecific Binding of Proteins by On-Bead Colorimetric Assay. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 8:280-5. [PMID: 16676994 DOI: 10.1021/cc0501413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Do-Hyun Kim
- School of Chemistry and School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Korea
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19
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Abstract
Solid phase peptide synthesis method, which was introduced by Merrifield in 1963, has spawned the concept of combinatorial chemistry. In this review, we summarize the present technologies of solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) that are related to combinatorial chemistry. The conventional methods of peptide library synthesis on polymer support are parallel synthesis, split and mix synthesis and reagent mixture synthesis. Combining surface chemistry with the recent technology of microelectronic semiconductor fabrication system, the peptide microarray synthesis methods on a planar solid support are developed, which leads to spatially addressable peptide library. There are two kinds of peptide microarray synthesis methodologies: pre-synthesized peptide immobilization onto a glass or membrane substrate and in situ peptide synthesis by a photolithography or the SPOT method. This review also discusses the application of peptide libraries for high-throughput bioassays, for example, peptide ligand screening for antibody or cell signaling, enzyme substrate and inhibitor screening as well as other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sik Shin
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Korea
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20
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Ye G, Ayrapetov M, Nam NH, Sun G, Parang K. Solid-phase binding assays of peptides using EGFP-Src SH2 domain fusion protein and biotinylated Src SH2 domain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2005; 15:4994-7. [PMID: 16169725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2005] [Revised: 08/02/2005] [Accepted: 08/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two solid-phase binding assays were designed and evaluated for their potential use in comparing the affinity of peptides to the Src SH2 domain. Resin beads attached to peptides were incubated with the enhanced green fluorescence protein(EGFP)-Src SH2 domain fusion protein or the biotinylated Src SH2 domain and extensively washed. The beads-attached tetrapeptides with high affinities to the EGFP-Src SH2 domain showed more fluorescence intensity than those beads containing tetrapeptides with weak binding affinities, as shown by fluorescence microscopy and fluorescence imaging system. Only the beads attached to pYEEI produced a dark purple color on incubation of the beads, respectively, with the biotinylated Src kinases SH2 domain, alkaline phosphatase-coupled streptavidin, and BCIP/NBT. These solid-phase binding assays may have potential applications for the screening of peptides for the Src kinases SH2 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Ye
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 41 Lower College Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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21
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Lee SJ, Park JP, Park TJ, Lee SY, Lee S, Park JK. Selective Immobilization of Fusion Proteins on Poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Microbeads. Anal Chem 2005; 77:5755-9. [PMID: 16131092 DOI: 10.1021/ac0505223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel fusion protein system employing the substrate-binding domain (SBD) of poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) depolymerase was developed for the specific immobilization of proteins on PHA microbeads, and was consequently used for immunoassays. The enhanced green fluorescent protein, red fluorescent protein, and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus envelope protein were used as model proteins, and were selectively and functionally immobilized to the PHA microbeads by fusing them to the SBD. Using this PHA microbead system combined with SBD fusion technology, immunoassays could be successfully carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jae Lee
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, BioProcess Engineering Research Center, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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Bender V, Ali M, Amon M, Diefenbach E, Manolios N. T Cell Antigen Receptor Peptide-Lipid Membrane Interactions Using Surface Plasmon Resonance. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:54002-7. [PMID: 15485851 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m403909200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the binding properties of a new class of immunomodulating peptides derived from the transmembrane region of the T cell antigen receptor, on model membranes using surface plasmon resonance. The di-basic "core" peptide was found to bind to both zwitterionic and anionic model membranes as well as to a T cell membrane preparation. By contrast, switching one or both of the basic residues to acidic residues led to a complete loss of binding to model membranes. In addition, the position of the charged amino acids in the sequence, the number of hydrophobic amino acids between the charged residues, and substitution of one or both basic to neutral amino acids were found to effect binding. These results when compared with in vitro T cell stimulation assays and in vivo adjuvant-induced arthritis models, showed very close correlation and confirmed the findings that amino acid charge and location may have a role in peptide activity. These initial biophysical peptide-membrane interactions are critically important and correlate well with the subsequent cellular expression and biological effect of these hydrophobic peptides. Targeting and understanding the biophysical interactions between peptides and membranes at their site of action is paramount to the description of cell function and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Bender
- Westmead Millenium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia 2145
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23
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Martin SE, Peterson BR. Non-natural cell surface receptors: synthetic peptides capped with N-cholesterylglycine efficiently deliver proteins into Mammalian cells. Bioconjug Chem 2003; 14:67-74. [PMID: 12526694 DOI: 10.1021/bc025601p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Protein toxins such as shiga toxin and cholera toxin penetrate into cells by binding small molecule-based cell surface receptors localized to cholesterol and sphingolipid-rich lipid raft subdomains of cellular plasma membranes. Molecular recognition between these toxins and their receptors triggers endocytic protein uptake through endogenous membrane trafficking pathways. We report herein the synthesis of functionally related non-natural cell surface receptors comprising peptides capped with N-cholesterylglycine as the plasma membrane anchor. The peptide moieties of these receptors were based on high-affinity epitopes of anti-hemaglutinin antibodies (anti-HA), anti-Flag antibodies, and a moderate-affinity Strep Tag II peptide ligand of the streptavidin protein from Streptomyces avidini. These non-natural receptors were directly loaded into plasma membranes of Jurkat lymphocytes to display peptides from lipid rafts on the cell surface. Molecular recognition between these receptors and added cognate anti-HA, anti-Flag, or streptavidin proteins resulted in rapid clathrin-mediated endocytosis; fluorescent target proteins were completely internalized within 4-12 h of protein addition. Analysis of protein uptake by epifluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry revealed intracellular fluorescence enhancements of 100-fold to 200-fold (10 microM non-natural receptor) with typically >99% efficiency. This method enabled intracellular delivery of a functional Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase enzyme conjugated to Protein A from Staphylococcus aureus. We termed this novel delivery strategy "synthetic receptor targeting", which is an efficient method to enhance macromolecular uptake by decorating mammalian cells with chemically defined synthetic receptors that access the molecular machinery controlling the organization of cellular plasma membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Martin
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, 152 Davey Lab, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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