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Lv H, Liu N, Tian D, Zeng Y, Li B. Circuit-based neural network models for estimating the solubility of diosgenin. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2019.1663181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huichao Lv
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Nana Liu
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Dayong Tian
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Yuwen Zeng
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Baoli Li
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
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Kaunda JS, Zhang YJ. The Genus Solanum: An Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical and Biological Properties Review. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2019; 9:77-137. [PMID: 30868423 PMCID: PMC6426945 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-019-0201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, the genus Solanum has received considerable attention in chemical and biological studies. Solanum is the largest genus in the family Solanaceae, comprising of about 2000 species distributed in the subtropical and tropical regions of Africa, Australia, and parts of Asia, e.g., China, India and Japan. Many of them are economically significant species. Previous phytochemical investigations on Solanum species led to the identification of steroidal saponins, steroidal alkaloids, terpenes, flavonoids, lignans, sterols, phenolic comopunds, coumarins, amongst other compounds. Many species belonging to this genus present huge range of pharmacological activities such as cytotoxicity to different tumors as breast cancer (4T1 and EMT), colorectal cancer (HCT116, HT29, and SW480), and prostate cancer (DU145) cell lines. The biological activities have been attributed to a number of steroidal saponins, steroidal alkaloids and phenols. This review features 65 phytochemically studied species of Solanum between 1990 and 2018, fetched from SciFinder, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Wikipedia and Baidu, using "Solanum" and the species' names as search terms ("all fields").
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sakah Kaunda
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China
- Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, People's Republic of China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang X, Xue X, Zhao J, Qian C, Guo Z, Ito Y, Sun W. Diosgenin attenuates the brain injury induced by transient focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Steroids 2016; 113:103-12. [PMID: 27425638 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to explore the potential cerebroprotection of diosgenin against the transient focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and its possible underlying mechanisms. The diosgenin at two dose levels, namely 100 and 200mgkg(-1), was intragastrically administrated once daily for 7-day period prior to the surgery. Then, the rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using the intraluminal thread for 90min. After 24h reperfusion, several diagnostic indicators were evaluated and all animals were sacrificed to harvest their brains and blood for subsequent biochemical analyses. The results indicated that diosgenin treatment significantly inhibited the death rate and improved the impaired neurological functions along with neurological deficit scores and cerebral infarct size as compared with the rats exposed to I/R insult without agents administration. The increase in the number of apoptotic cells determined by TUNEL in the hippocampus CA1 and cortex was also apparently attenuated in the diosgenin treatment group, which was closely correlated with suppression of Caspase-3 activity and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. In addition the elevated concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in blood serum of the I/R treated rats were reduced almost to their normal level. Further results obtained from the Western blotting analysis revealed that the protein expression of IκBα in the injured brain was up-regulated, while the p65 subunit of NF-κB was down-regulated in nucleus after the treatment. Collectively, this neuroprotection of diosgenin against I/R injury may be attained through its anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammation and intervening the NF-κB signal pathway properties. Due to the satisfactory findings, diosgenin might be a powerful therapeutic agent to combat the similar disease in future clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong Univeristy, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xuanji Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong Univeristy, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong Univeristy, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chunxiang Qian
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong Univeristy, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zengjun Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong Univeristy, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- Laboratory of Bioseparation Technology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wenji Sun
- Biomedicine Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
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Dong J, Lei C, Lu D, Wang Y. Direct Biotransformation of Dioscin into Diosgenin in Rhizome of Dioscorea zingiberensis by Penicillium dioscin. Indian J Microbiol 2014; 55:200-6. [PMID: 25805907 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-014-0507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosgenin is an important precursor for synthesis of more than 200 steroidal hormone medicines. Rhizome of Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright (RDZ) contained the highest content of diosgenin in Dioscorea plant species. Diosgenin is traditionally extracted by acid hydrolysis from RDZ. However, the acid hydrolysis process produces massive wastewater which caused serious environment pollution. In this study, diosgenin extraction by direct biotransformation with Penicillium dioscin was investigated. The spawn cultivation conditions were optimized as: Czapeks liquid culture medium without sugar and agar (1,000 ml) + 6.0 g dioscin/6.0 g DL, 30 °C, 36 h; solid fermentation of RDZ: mycelia/RDZ of 0.05 g/kg, 30 °C, 50 h; the yield of diosgenin was over 90 %. Spawn cultivation was crucial for the direct biotransformation. In the spawn cultivation, amount and ratio of dioscin/DL were the key factors to promote biotransformation activity of P. dioscin. This biotransformation method was environment-friendly, simple and energy saving, and might be a potential substitute for acid hydrolysis in diosgenin extraction industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhou Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, College of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, 445000 Enshi, China ; Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China
| | - Can Lei
- Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization of Hubei Province, College of Forestry and Horticulture, Hubei Minzu University, 445000 Enshi, China
| | - Dayan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 510650 Guangzhou, China
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Evaluation of the in vitro antiplasmodial, antileishmanial, and antitrypanosomal activity of medicinal plants used in saudi and yemeni traditional medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:905639. [PMID: 24963330 PMCID: PMC4055400 DOI: 10.1155/2014/905639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The antiplasmodial, antileishmanial, and antitrypanosomal activity of twenty-five medicinal plants distributed in Saudi Arabia and Yemen was evaluated. The plants were extracted with methanol and screened in vitro against erythrocytic schizonts of Plasmodium falciparum, intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania infantum and Trypanosoma cruzi, and free trypomastigotes of T. brucei. To assess selectivity, cytotoxicity was determined on MRC-5 cells. Criteria for activity were an IC50 < 10 μg/mL and high selectivity (SI). Seven plants showed interesting antiprotozoal activity in one or more models. Extracts of Caralluma penicillata and Acalypha ciliata showed fairly good activity against P. falciparum with IC50 of 6.7 and 10.8 μg/mL and adequate selectivity (SI > 9.6 and >5.9). Interesting activity against L. infantum was obtained with Verbascum bottae (IC50 of 3.2 μg/mL, SI 10.2) and Solanum glabratum (IC50 8.1 μg/mL, SI 3.4). The extracts of C. penicillata, Leucas virgata, Loranthus regularis, and V. bottae exhibited moderate activity against T. brucei (IC50 8.5, 8.1, 8.3, and 2.3 μg/mL; SI > 7.6, 7.7, 4.3, and >14.1). These results partly support the traditional use of some of the selected medicinal plants and warrant further investigations into the putative active constituents.
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Diosgenone synthesis, anti-malarial activity and QSAR of analogues of this natural product. Molecules 2013; 18:3356-78. [PMID: 23493102 PMCID: PMC6270258 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18033356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Solanum nudum Dunal steroids have been reported as being antimalarial compounds; however, their concentration in plants is low, meaning that the species could be threatened by over-harvesting for this purpose. Swern oxidation was used for hemisynthesis of diosgenone (one of the most active steroidal sapogenin diosgenin compounds). Eighteen structural analogues were prepared; three of them were found to be more active than diosgenone (IC50 27.9 μM vs. 10.1 μM, 2.9 μM and 11.3 μM). The presence of a 4-en-3-one grouping in the A-ring of the compounds seems to be indispensable for antiplasmodial activity; progesterone (having the same functional group in the steroid A-ring) has also displayed antiplasmodial activity. Quantitative correlations between molecular structure and bioactivity were thus explored in diosgenone and several derivatives using well-established 3D-QSAR techniques. The models showed that combining electrostatic (70%) and steric (30%) fields can explain most variance regarding compound activity. Malarial parasitemia in mice became reduced by oral administration of two diosgenone derivatives.
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Synthesis of diosgenin p-nitrobenzoate by Steglich method, its crystal structure and quantum chemical studies. J Mol Struct 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Ghoreishi SM, Bataghva E, Dadkhah AA. Response Surface Optimization of Essential Oil and Diosgenin Extraction from Tribulus terrestris via Supercritical Fluid Technology. Chem Eng Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201100091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Antimalarial and free radical scavenging activities of rhizomes of Polygonatum verticillatum supported by isolated metabolites. Med Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-011-9637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Plasmodium falciparum: Solanum nudum SN-1 steroid antiplasmodial activity when combined with antimalarial drugs. Exp Parasitol 2011; 127:222-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 07/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Liu L, Dong YS, Xiu ZL. Three-liquid-phase extraction of diosgenin and steroidal saponins from fermentation of Dioscorea zingibernsis C. H. Wright. Process Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2010.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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López ML, Blair S, Sáez J, Segura C. Effect of Solanum nudum steroids on uninfected and Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2009; 104:683-8. [DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762009000500003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Pabón A, Deharo E, Zuluaga L, Maya JD, Saez J, Blair S. Plasmodium falciparum: Effect of Solanum nudum steroids on thiol contents and β-hematin formation in parasitized erythrocytes. Exp Parasitol 2009; 122:273-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2009.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang FQ, Zhang CG, Li B, Wei DZ, Tong WY. New microbiological transformations of steroids by Streptomyces virginiae IBL-14. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2009; 43:5967-5974. [PMID: 19731705 DOI: 10.1021/es900585w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A bacterium Streptomyces virginiae IBL-14 capable of effective degradation of diosgenin was isolated from activated sludge for treatment of waste from a steroidal drug factory. From the culture broth of diosgenin degradation, 11 compounds were purified and then identified, eight of which were previously unidentified compounds including 1-dehydroisonuatigenone [VI], nuatigenone [VIII], 1-dehydronuatigenone [X], 26-acetyl-nuatigenone [XII], 6-methoxy-6-dehydrodiosgenone [XIII], 6-methoxy-6-dehydroisonuatigenone [XIV], 6-methoxy-6-dehydronuatigenone [XV], and 6-dimethoxy-7alpha-hydroxyldiosgenone [XVI]. Additionally, two important microbial transformations of diosgenin (6-methoxylation and C25-tertiary carbon hydroxylation) were found. Two valuable chemical reactions of the steroids (structural rearrangement and esterification)were also confirmed. As a result, a new metabolic pathway of diosgenin metabolism was postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, New World Institute of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Biotransformation of steriodal saponins in Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright to diosgenin by Trichoderma harzianum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 85:933-40. [PMID: 19578845 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2098-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Revised: 06/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Diosgenin is an important starting material in the steroidal hormone industry. Traditionally, diosgenin is mainly produced by acid hydrolysis of Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright (DZW) tubers. This method yields numerous byproducts that can cause serious pollution. In this study, diosgenin was obtained by biotransformation of steroidal saponins in DZW afforded by Trichoderma harzianum CGMCC 2979. The medium was optimized for maximum diosgenin production. The addition of phosphate buffer, surfactant Tween-85, and Fe(2+) increased the yield of diosgenin by 50.28%, 33.35%, and 22.07%, respectively. The optimum medium obtained by response surface methodology was composed of 60 mmol l(-1) phosphate buffer, 0.07% (w/v) Tween-85, and 0.93 mmol l(-1) Fe(2+). Under these conditions, a maximum diosgenin yield of 30.05 +/- 0.59 mg g(-1) was achieved, which was slightly higher than that obtained from traditional acid hydrolysis. By hydrolyzing the un-transformed steroidal saponins after biotransformation, the total diosgenin yield increased by 35% compared to traditional method. Moreover, chemical oxygen demand and residual reduced sugar in the wastewater produced by this integrated process were only 3.72% and 0.3%, respectively, that of the traditional acid hydrolysis method.
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Adham NZ, Zaki RA, Naim N. Microbial transformation of diosgenin and its precursor furostanol glycosides. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-008-9913-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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17
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Biotransformation of diosgenin to nuatigenin-type steroid by a newly isolated strain, Streptomyces virginiae IBL-14. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 77:771-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1216-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2007] [Revised: 09/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Arango E, Londoño B, Segura C, Solarte Y, Herrera S, Saez J, Carmona-Fonseca J, Blair S. Prevention of sporogony of Plasmodium vivax in Anopheles albimanus by steroids of Solanum nudum Dunal (Solanaceae). Phytother Res 2006; 20:444-7. [PMID: 16619357 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The sporontocidal activity of three steroids (SN-1, SN-2 and SN-4) from Solanum nudum Dunal (Solanaceae) was determined against naturally circulating isolates of Plasmodium vivax in Anopheles albimanus. Laboratory-reared Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes were infected with P. vivax from gametocytemic blood of volunteers resident in Buenaventura, Valle del Cauca (Colombian Pacific Coast) by using an artificial membrane feeder. Prior to mosquito feeding, gametocytemic blood was centrifuged, plasma was separated, packed blood red cells were washed with RPMI 1640 and then resuspended in non-immune AB serum, then the steroids were added at different doses. On day 7 after infection, the presence and number of oocysts in mosquitoes was determined. The steroid SN-2 reduced the infection of mosquitoes by 90% and the mean number of oocysts by 60%. These data confirmed that the experimental steroid is capable of interrupting the sporogonic development of P. vivax in Anopheles albimanus. This experimental steroid has potential for transmission blocking in vivax malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Arango
- Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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Londoño B, Arango E, Zapata C, Herrera S, Saez J, Blair S, Carmona-Fonseca J. Effect ofSolanum nudum Dunal (Solanaceae) steroids on hepatic trophozoites ofPlasmodium vivax. Phytother Res 2006; 20:267-73. [PMID: 16557608 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Steroids isolated from the plant Solanum nudum showed antiplasmodial activity against the blood stages of Plasmodium falciparum. It has been demonstrated that these steroids are neither mutagenic in vitro nor clastogenic in vivo. This study evaluated the effect of five steroids of S. nudum (SN-1, SN-2, SN-3, SN-4 and SN-5) on hepatic trophozoites of P. vivax, using an experimental design, non-balanced, with blind determination of the effect expressed as the percentage reduction of hepatic trophozoites. The sporozoites used to inoculate human hepatoma cells HepG2-A16 were obtained from gametocytemic blood of volunteers infected only with P. vivax, and passed into laboratory-reared Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes. Steroids were added at three different doses (100, 10 and 1 microg/mL) just after inoculation of the cells with sporozoites. The effect was determined by indirect immunofluorescence assays using the monoclonal antibodies Pv210 or Pv47E-2E10 and steroid cytotoxicity on HepG2-A16 cells was assessed by the MTT method. All the steroids reduced the number of hepatic P. vivax trophozoites, SN-2 and SN-4 reduced the number of hepatic trophozoites by 47% and 39% (p < 0.05), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berlin Londoño
- Grupo Malaria, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
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