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Tie H, Wang Y, Shang Y, Li M, Wei X, Wang Z. Fabrication of pH-dependent solid dispersion for oral colon-targeted delivery of notoginsenoside R1 and its protective effects on ulcerative colitis mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20280. [PMID: 37809823 PMCID: PMC10560026 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Notoginsenoside R1 (R1), which originated from the rhizomes and roots of Panax notoginseng, is classified as a Biopharmaceutical Classification System class III drug with good solubility but poor oral absorption. Although R1 can alleviate the inflammation of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice, the problem of acid degradation and low bioavailability limit its application. The purpose of this study was aimed to design one kind of pH-dependent solid dispersion for oral colon-targeted delivery of R1. Using Eudragit S100 (ES 100) and PEG 4000 as the pH-dependent carriers, R1 solid dispersion (R1-SD) was fabricated by solvent evaporation method. Scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and powder X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that R1-SD was completely formed, the surface was smooth surface and the strip crystal structure of R1 disappeared. The in vitro release profile of R1-SD (R1-ES 100-PEG 4000, 1:7:1, weight ratio) exhibited that R1-SD was not released in media simulating the gastric condition (pH 1.2), but better release characteristics of the drug could be obtained in media simulating the intestinal condition (less than 30% in pH 6.8 phosphate-buffered saline and more than 90% in pH 7.6 condition). The in vitro colon absorption test showed that the absorption rate and cumulative release of R1-SD were higher than those of R1. R1-SD and R1 had apparent protective effect on colon shortening, inflammatory infiltrating tissue injury, weight loss, diarrhea, blood stool in mice with ulcerative colitis induced by DSS, and the protective effect of R1-SD was better than that of R1, which indicated R1-SD has good practical application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Tie
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China
- Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Yaru Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yunxia Shang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Manlin Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xiaohui Wei
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201210, China
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Wang B, Gu B, Zhang T, Li X, Wang N, Ma C, Xiang L, Wang Y, Gao L, Yu Y, Song K, He P, Wang Y, Zhu J, Chen H. Good or bad: Paradox of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) in digestive system tumors. Cancer Lett 2023; 559:216117. [PMID: 36889376 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The fibrinolytic system is involved in many physiological functions, among which the important members can interact with each other, either synergistically or antagonistically to participate in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) acts as a crucial element of the fibrinolytic system and functions in an anti-fibrinolytic manner in the normal coagulation process. It inhibits plasminogen activator, and affects the relationship between cells and extracellular matrix. PAI-1 not only involved in blood diseases, inflammation, obesity and metabolic syndrome but also in tumor pathology. Especially PAI-1 plays a different role in different digestive tumors as an oncogene or cancer suppressor, even a dual role for the same cancer. We term this phenomenon "PAI-1 paradox". PAI-1 is acknowledged to have both uPA-dependent and -independent effects, and its different actions can result in both beneficial and adverse consequences. Therefore, this review will elaborate on PAI-1 structure, the dual value of PAI-1 in different digestive system tumors, gene polymorphisms, the uPA-dependent and -independent mechanisms of regulatory networks, and the drugs targeted by PAI-1 to deepen the comprehensive understanding of PAI-1 in digestive system tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bofang Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Baohong Gu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Na Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chenhui Ma
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kewei Song
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Puyi He
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yueyan Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Digestive System Tumors of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu, China; Department of Surgical Oncology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
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Zhao L, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li C, Shi K, Zhang K, Liu N. Therapeutic effects of ginseng and ginsenosides on colorectal cancer. Food Funct 2022; 13:6450-6466. [PMID: 35661189 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00899h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most common malignant diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates. Ginseng and its major extracts, ginsenosides, have been used in medical fields for thousands of years. In particular, their huge anti-cancer potential has drawn a great deal of attention in recent years. There is a large body of evidence that has shown that ginseng and its extracts could significantly inhibit tumor development and progression by suppressing cell proliferation, tumor growth, invasion and metastasis, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, regulating tumor-associated immune responses, and improving the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy. Notably, different subtypes of ginsenosides, even those extracted from the same ginseng, have exhibited distinct anti-cancer functions through different mechanisms. Over the past few years, a large number of studies have focused on how ginseng or various ginsenosides influence CRC development. Therefore, the roles and the potential of ginseng and ginsenosides in the treatment of CRC are summarized in this review. In addition, the biochemical properties of ginseng and ginsenosides are also briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxian Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China.
| | - Yueming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yajuan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food and College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Kai Shi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China.
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130041, China.
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Hawthorne B, Lund K, Freggiaro S, Kaga R, Meng J. The mechanism of the cytotoxic effect of Panax notoginseng extracts on prostate cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112887. [PMID: 35367754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. commonly referred to as Sanqi, is a Chinese herb that has long been used to treat various conditions including blood disorders and cardiovascular diseases. While Panax notoginseng has been used as an anti-cancer medicinal herb in recent years, how it achieves this therapeutic effect has not been thoroughly elucidated. The purpose of this study was to reveal more about the mechanism of the cytotoxic effect of Panax notoginseng on prostate cancer (PCa) cells. METHODS Ethanol extract of Panax notoginseng root was authenticated using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The cytotoxic activity of this herb against PCa cells was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS The assessment of cellular metabolic activity demonstrated that Panax notoginseng reduces the viability of LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Annexin-V binding flow cytometry assay showed that Panax notoginseng induces apoptosis in PCa cells. Cell cycle analysis by quantification of DNA content using flow cytometry showed that Panax notoginseng arrests the cell cycle at the G2/M phase in both LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells. Moreover, ELISA demonstrated that Panax notoginseng-treated PCa cells secrete significantly less tumor-promoting cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) to the supernatant compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence for the cytotoxic effects of Panax notoginseng on PCa cell lines. This botanical is a promising candidate for the complementary and integrative medicine treatment of PCa and further studies are indicated to determine the anti-cancer mechanism of Panax notoginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Hawthorne
- School of Naturopathic Medicine, Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Kaleb Lund
- School of Naturopathic Medicine, Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Sydney Freggiaro
- School of Naturopathic Medicine, Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Risa Kaga
- School of Natural Health Arts & Sciences, Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA
| | - Jing Meng
- School of Natural Health Arts & Sciences, Bastyr University, 14500 Juanita Drive NE, Kenmore, WA 98028, USA.
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Tang Z, Yang C, He Z, Deng Z, Li X. Notoginsenoside R1 alleviates spinal cord injury through the miR-301a/KLF7 axis to activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Open Med (Wars) 2022; 17:741-755. [PMID: 35509687 PMCID: PMC9008318 DOI: 10.1515/med-2022-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating incident that induces neuronal loss and dysfunction. Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) has been reported to exhibit a neuroprotective role after SCI. In this study, the effect and molecular mechanisms of NGR1 in models of SCI were further investigated. Rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cell line (PC-12) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to establish a cell model of SCI-like condition. The changes of proinflammatory cytokines and associated proteins were analyzed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blotting. A rat model of SCI was established. Nissl staining were used to observe the morphological characteristics of spinal cord tissues. reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to measure the expression of miR-301a andKrüppel-like factor 7 (KLF7). Our results showed that NGR1 alleviated LPS-triggered apoptosis and inflammation in PC-12 cells. MiR-301a was upregulated in LPS-stimulated PC-12 cells and was downregulated by NGR1 treatment. MiR-301a overexpression reversed the effect of NGR1 in LPS-treated PC-12 cells. KLF7 was verified to be targeted by miR-301a. NGR1 activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in LPS-treated PC-12 cells by inhibiting miR-301a and upregulating KLF7. Moreover, blocking wingless/integrated (Wnt)/β-catenin signaling eliminated the protective effect of NGR1 against SCI in vitro and in vivo. Overall, NGR1 could reduce inflammation and apoptosis and promote functional recovery of SCI rats by activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha 410013 , Hunan , China
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Changsha , Kaifu District , Changsha 410005 , Hunan , China
| | - Zhengwen He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha 410013 , Hunan , China
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University , Changsha 410013 , Hunan , China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Hospital of Changsha , No. 311, Yingpan Road, Kaifu District , Changsha 410005 , Hunan , China
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Tan MM, Chen MH, Han F, Wang JW, Tu YX. Role of Bioactive Constituents of Panax notoginseng in the Modulation of Tumorigenesis: A Potential Review for the Treatment of Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:738914. [PMID: 34776959 PMCID: PMC8578715 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.738914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death, affecting people in both developed and developing countries. It is a challenging disease due to its complicated pathophysiological mechanism. Many anti-cancer drugs are used to treat cancer and reduce mortality rates, but their toxicity limits their administration. Drugs made from natural products, which act as multi-targeted therapy, have the ability to target critical signaling proteins in different pathways. Natural compounds possess pharmacological activities such as anti-cancer activity, low toxicity, and minimum side effects. Panax notoginseng is a medicinal plant whose extracts and phytochemicals are used to treat cancer, cardiovascular disorders, blood stasis, easing inflammation, edema, and pain. P. notoginseng's secondary metabolites target cancer's dysregulated pathways, causing cancer cell death. In this review, we focused on several ginsenosides extracted from P. notoginseng that have been evaluated against various cancer cell lines, with the aim of cancer treatment. Furthermore, an in vivo investigation of these ginsenosides should be conducted to gain insight into the dysregulation of several pathways, followed by clinical trials for the potential and effective treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Tan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tiantai People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People’s Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Min-Hua Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun-Wei Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tiantai People’s Hospital of Zhejiang Province (Tiantai Branch of Zhejiang People’s Hospital), Taizhou, China
| | - Yue-Xing Tu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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Han G, Zhang Y, Liu T, Li J, Li H. The anti-osteosarcoma effect from panax notoginseng saponins by inhibiting the G 0 / G 1 phase in the cell cycle and affecting p53-mediated autophagy and mitochondrial apoptosis. J Cancer 2021; 12:6383-6392. [PMID: 34659528 PMCID: PMC8489146 DOI: 10.7150/jca.54602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone malignancy, and current chemotherapy sessions against it often induce severe complications in patients. Thus, it is necessary to develop new and effective antineoplastic agents with fewer side effects. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are the active components in panax notoginseng and were reported to be capable of inhibiting the growth of several tumors both in vitro and in vivo. However, its effects on osteosarcoma have not been studied yet, which is addressed in this study for the first time. Our results indicated that PNS can inhibit proliferation, invasion and migration of the osteosarcoma cells, while promoting their apoptosis simultaneously. Specifically, PNS caused an increase in mitochondrial membrane potential and the amount of reactive oxygen species. The cell cycle in osteosarcoma cells was arrested in the G0 / G1 phase after PNS treatment. The expression of p53 and other apoptosis-related mitochondrial proteins were promoted. Nevertheless, it was observed that autophagy became less active in osteosarcoma cells when PNS was administered. In a word, PNS were of potential therapeutic significance for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yubiao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hospital of Shenmu, Shenmu, Shaanxi, 719300, P.R. China
| | - Jianping Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Haohuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Wen C, Xiaoqing Z. Protective effect of notoginsenoside and tanshinone IIA on inflammation-related colorectal cancer mice and the inhibition effect on COX-2 expression. DIGITAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dcmed.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Cai T, Wu W, Guo L, Xia Y, Jiang X, Zhang L, Peng F, Ming P. Notoginsenoside R1 induces DNA damage via PHF6 protein to inhibit cervical carcinoma cell proliferation. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:242. [PMID: 33537816 PMCID: PMC7893804 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), a monomer of Traditional Chinese medicine, is from the Panax notoginsenoside complex, and has been reported to inhibit the proliferation of various types of cancer. However the mechanism underlying NGR1-mediated inhibition of cervical carcinoma cell proliferation remains unclear. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate the antitumor effects of NGR1 on cervical carcinoma cell lines (CaSki and HeLa cells) in vitro. The Cell Counting Kit-8 and soft agar cell colony formation assay results revealed that NGR1 suppressed the viability and the number colonies of CaSki and HeLa cells, respectively. Furthermore, the DAPI staining, flow cytometry and western blotting results revealed that NGR1 induced cervical carcinoma cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest in the S phase, upregulation of cyclin A2 and CDK2 expression levels, and downregulation of cyclin D1 expression levels. To further investigate the mechanisms of NGR1, DNA-damage-related proteins, including H2A.X variant histone (H2AX), ATR serine/threonine kinase (ATR) and p53, and the nucleolus protein, plant homeodomain finger protein 6 (PHF6) were analyzed. The results indicated that NGR1 triggered the phosphorylation of H2AX and ATR in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and downregulated the expression level of PHF6 and upregulated the expression level of p53 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In conclusion, the findings of the present indicated that NGR1 may inhibit the viability of cervical carcinoma cells and induce cell apoptosis via DNA damage, which may be activated by the downregulation of PHF6 expression levels, and the subsequent triggering of the phosphorylation of H2AX and ATR. In addition, NGR1 may exert an ability to arrest cervical carcinoma cells in the S phase and upregulate the expression levels of cyclin A2 and CDK2. Therefore, NGR1 may serve as a novel chemotherapeutic agent for cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cai
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Wenquan Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, P.R. China
| | - Longhua Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, P.R. China
| | - Yongwu Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, P.R. China
| | - Limei Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Feiding Peng
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
| | - Pinghong Ming
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518109, P.R. China
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Zhao Q, Bai Y, Liu D, Zhao N, Gao H, Zhang X. Quinetides: diverse posttranslational modified peptides of ribonuclease-like storage protein from Panax quinquefolius as markers for differentiating ginseng species. J Ginseng Res 2020; 44:680-689. [PMID: 32913397 PMCID: PMC7471211 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peptides have diverse and important physiological roles in plants and are ideal markers for species identification. It is unclear whether there are specific peptides in Panax quinquefolius L. (PQ). The aims of this study were to identify Quinetides, a series of diverse posttranslational modified native peptides of the ribonuclease-like storage protein (ginseng major protein), from PQ to explore novel peptide markers and develop a new method to distinguish PQ from Panax ginseng. Methods We used different fragmentation modes in the LTQ Orbitrap analysis to identify the enriched Quinetide targets of PQ, and we discovered Quinetide markers of PQ and P. ginseng using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis. These "peptide markers" were validated by simultaneously monitoring Rf and F11 as standard ginsenosides. Results We discovered 100 Quinetides of PQ with various post-translational modifications (PTMs), including a series of glycopeptides, all of which originated from the protein ginseng major protein. We effectively distinguished PQ from P. ginseng using new "peptide markers." Four unique peptides (Quinetides TP6 and TP7 as markers of PQ and Quinetides TP8 and TP9 as markers of P. ginseng) and their associated glycosylation products were discovered in PQ and P. ginseng. Conclusion We provide specific information on PQ peptides and propose the clinical application of peptide markers to distinguish PQ from P. ginseng.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- KeyLaboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yunpeng Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Dan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Huiyuan Gao
- KeyLaboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaozhe Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
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11
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My PLT, My HTK, Phuong NTX, Dat TD, Thanh VH, Nam HM, Thanh Phong M, Hieu NH. Optimization of enzyme-assisted extraction of ginsenoside Rb1 from Vietnamese Panax notoginseng (BURK.) F.H. Chen roots and anticancer activity examination of the extract. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2020.1795676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Phan Le Thao My
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huynh Thi Kieu My
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Tran Xuan Phuong
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Bang International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Do Dat
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vuong Hoai Thanh
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hoang Minh Nam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mai Thanh Phong
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Huu Hieu
- VNU-HCMC Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Processing (CEPP Lab), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Li Y, Li Z, Jia Y, Ding B, Yu J. In Vitro Anti-hepatoma Activities of Notoginsenoside R1 Through Downregulation of Tumor Promoter miR-21. Dig Dis Sci 2020; 65:1364-1375. [PMID: 31559550 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-019-05856-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notoginsenoside R1 (NG-R1) is the predominant active ingredient and a novel triterpene saponin compound extracted from the roots of Panax notoginseng. To date, to the best of our knowledge, there are no previous studies concerning the effect of NG-R1 on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). AIMS To investigate the effects of NG-R1 on HCC cell growth, apoptosis, and invasion and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 and LDH assay, respectively. Apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry analysis and caspase-3/7 activity assay. Cell invasion was detected by Transwell invasion assay and western blot analysis of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9. The effects of NG-R1 on miR-21 expression and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway were examined by qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. RESULTS NG-R1 inhibited the viability, increased LDH release and caspase-3/7 activity, induced apoptosis, and suppressed invasion in HCC cells. NG-R1 reduced miR-21 expression in HCC cells. miR-21 overexpression significantly attenuated the effects of NG-R1 on the viability, LDH release, apoptosis, caspase-3/7 activity, and invasion of HCC cells. We further demonstrated that NG-R1 inhibited the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in HCC cells, which was abolished by miR-21 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS NG-R1 exerted anti-hepatoma activity through inactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway by downregulating miR-21, contributing to further understanding of the anti-tumor activities of NG-R1 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital, No. 12 Renmin Road, Nanyang, 473012, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital, No. 12 Renmin Road, Nanyang, 473012, China
| | - Yunhao Jia
- Department of General Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital, No. 12 Renmin Road, Nanyang, 473012, China
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital, No. 12 Renmin Road, Nanyang, 473012, China
| | - Jinsong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanyang First People's Hospital, No. 12 Renmin Road, Nanyang, 473012, China.
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Liu H, Yang J, Yang W, Hu S, Wu Y, Zhao B, Hu H, Du S. Focus on Notoginsenoside R1 in Metabolism and Prevention Against Human Diseases. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:551-565. [PMID: 32103897 PMCID: PMC7012233 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s240511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Notoginsenoside (NG)-R1 is one of the main bioactive compounds from Panax notoginseng (PN) root, which is well known in the prescription for mediating the micro-circulatory hemostasis in human. In this article, we mainly discuss NG-R1 in metabolism and the biological activities, including cardiovascular protection, neuro-protection, anti-diabetes, liver protection, gastrointestinal protection, lung protection, bone metabolism regulation, renal protection, and anti-cancer. The metabolites produced by deglycosylation of NG-R1 exhibit higher permeability and bioavailability. It has been extensively verified that NG-R1 may ameliorate ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced injury in cardiovascular and neuronal systems mainly by upregulating the activity of estrogen receptor α-dependent phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathways and downregulating nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. However, no specific targets for NG-R1 have been identified. Expectedly, NG-R1 has been used as a main bioactive compound in many Traditional Chinese Medicines clinically, such as Xuesaitong, Naodesheng, XueShuanTong, ShenMai, and QSYQ. These suggest that NG-R1 exhibits a significant potency in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianqiong Yang
- Department of Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqing Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaonan Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Zhang J, Wang J, Wu X, Wei Y. Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis by regulating HMGB1 in uterine fibroid cells. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:2967-2971. [PMID: 31313594 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1643732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To study the effects of ginsenoside Rb1 and the molecular mechanisms on proliferation and apoptosis of uterine fibroid cells, Rb1 + pc DNA3.1, Rb1 + pc DNA3.1-HMGB1, si-NC or si-HMGB1 was transfected into uterine fibroid cells by liposome method; the inhibitory rate and proliferation of human uterine fibroid cells were detected by MTT assay; apoptosis of uterine fibroid cells was detected by flow cytometry assay; HMGB1 protein expression in uterine fibroid cells was detected by Western blot assay. Compared with untreated uterine fibroid cells, the inhibitory and apoptosis rate of uterine fibroid cells treated with Rb1 were significantly up-regulated, while the expression level of HMGB1 was significantly down-regulated (p < .05). HMGB1 knockdown inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of uterine fibroid cells. HMGB1 overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect on proliferation and the promotion effect on apoptosis of Rb1 in uterine fibroid cells. Ginsenoside Rb1 could inhibit uterine fibroid cells proliferation and promote apoptosis. This mechanism might be directly related to the downregulation of HMGB1, providing a basis for the treatment of uterine fibroids with ginsenoside Rb1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Zhang
- a Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , China
| | - Jing Wang
- b Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , China
| | - Xinan Wu
- a Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , China
| | - Yuhui Wei
- a Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , China
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Xu C, Liu T, Liu H, Chen G, Guo Y. Panax notoginseng saponins radiosensitize colorectal cancer cells by regulating the SNHG6/miR-137 axis. RSC Adv 2019; 9:38558-38567. [PMID: 35540209 PMCID: PMC9075843 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07622k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have recently attracted great attention for their anti-cancer activity in colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to explore the functional role and underlying mechanisms of PNS on CRC radiosensitivity. Cell viability was assessed by a Cell Counting kit-8 assay. Cell survival and apoptosis were determined using colony formation assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to quantify the levels of SNHG6 and miR-137. The targeted correlation between SNHG6 and miR-137 was validated by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Our data supported that PNS weakened the viability of CRC cells. Moreover, PNS promoted the radiosensitivity of CRC cells. Mechanistically, PNS enhanced CRC cell radiosensitivity by upregulating SNHG6. SNHG6 directly targeted miR-137 and inhibited miR-137 expression. MiR-137 was involved in the regulatory effect of SNHG6 on CRC cell radiosensitivity. Furthermore, PNS increased miR-137 expression through SNHG6 in CRC cells. Our study suggested that PNS promoted radiosensitivity in CRC cells at least partly through regulating the SNHG6/miR-137 axis, providing a novel understanding of the anti-cancer mechanism of PNS in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihui Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shangqiu First People's Hospital No. 292, South Kaixuan Road, Suiyang District Shangqiu 476100 Henan China +86-0370-3255630
| | - Teng Liu
- Xinxiang Medical University Hongqi District Xinxiang Henan China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shangqiu First People's Hospital No. 292, South Kaixuan Road, Suiyang District Shangqiu 476100 Henan China +86-0370-3255630
| | - Gongbin Chen
- Department of Oncology, Shangqiu First People's Hospital No. 292, South Kaixuan Road, Suiyang District Shangqiu 476100 Henan China +86-0370-3255630
| | - Yinmou Guo
- Department of Oncology, Shangqiu First People's Hospital No. 292, South Kaixuan Road, Suiyang District Shangqiu 476100 Henan China +86-0370-3255630
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Sun Y, Liu B, Zheng X, Wang D. Notoginsenoside R1 alleviates lipopolysaccharide-triggered PC-12 inflammatory damage via elevating microRNA-132. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1808-1814. [PMID: 31062615 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1610414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delayed inflammatory response is closely associated with the severity of Spinal cord injury (SCI). Herein, the function and molecular mechanism of notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) in the in vitro model of SCI inflammation injury were explored. METHODS PC-12 neuronal cells were subjected with LPS to construct a cell-based model of SCI inflammatory injury. NGR1 was applied in this cell model. miR-132 was silenced by transfection with miR-132 inhibitor. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed, respectively. Then, the expression changes of pro-inflammatory cytokines and JNK pathway were examined. RESULTS In this model, LPS was neurotoxic, with inhibiting PC-12 cell viability, inducing apoptosis, and enhancing concentrations of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α. However, NGR1 weakened the influence of LPS on PC-12 cells via elevating cell viability, decreasing apoptosis, decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines expression, and suppressing activation of JNK signalling pathway. miR-132 was up-regulated by NGR1 treatment. Silence of miR-132 eliminated the influence of NGR1 on LPS-stimulated PC-12 cells. CONCLUSION NGR1 relieved PC-12 cells from LPS-triggered inflammatory damage via elevating miR-132 and hereafter suppressing JNK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanliang Sun
- a Department of Spine Surgery , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Bing Liu
- b Department of Critical Care Medicine , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Xiujun Zheng
- a Department of Spine Surgery , The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
| | - Dechun Wang
- c Department of Spine Surgery , Qingdao Municipal Hospital , Qingdao , China
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Primary Mechanism Study of Panax notoginseng Flower (Herb) on Myocardial Infarction in Rats. Cardiol Res Pract 2019; 2019:8723076. [PMID: 31192006 PMCID: PMC6525894 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8723076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen is one of the most common herbs in China. Because of its good efficacy and little adverse reaction, Panax notoginseng has been used widely to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Objective To investigate effects of Panax notoginseng flower (PN-F) on rats with myocardial infarction (MI). Methods The proximal left anterior descending coronary artery in rats was ligated to induce acute myocardial infarction. Then, animals were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: MI control group, Betaloc control group (with Betaloc 10 mg/kg/d), FD500 (low-dose) group (Panax notoginseng flower decoction 500 mg/kg, n=10), and FD1000 (high-dose) group (Panax notoginseng flower decoction 1000 mg/kg, n=10). Panax notoginseng flower decoction or Betaloc was orally administrated for two to four weeks before and after operation. Sham-operated group was used as a normal untreated group, in which animals were treated with double distilled water, once daily. HE (hematoxylin and eosin) staining, immunofluorescent assay, TUNEL assay, quantitative real-time PCR, and western blot analysis were, respectively, performed to observe morphology, count mean minimal vessels, investigate apoptotic cells, and record gene (HIF-1, VEGFA, and KDR) and protein (Bcl-2 and Bax) expressions. Results Two weeks after MI, PN-F significantly enhanced capillary density in the border area of MI, decreased infarct size, improved minimal vessels, suppressed cell apoptosis, and enhanced expressions of genes (HIF-1, VEGFA, and KDR) and proteins (Bcl-2 and Bax). Conclusions PN-F demonstrated a potential herb to treat rats with myocardial infarction through promoting angiogenesis and inhibition of apoptosis in the infarct area.
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Wang L, Xu J, Yan Y, Liu H, Li F. Synthesis of gold nanoparticles from leaf Panax notoginseng and its anticancer activity in pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cell lines. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1216-1223. [PMID: 30942628 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1593852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ye Yan
- Department of Ultrasound and Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Zhang S, Chen C, Lu W, Wei L. Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and clinical use of Panax notoginseng flowers buds. Phytother Res 2018; 32:2155-2163. [PMID: 30088301 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, and dried flower buds of P. notoginseng (FBP) have also been used as a medicine or tea for a long time. The pharmacological effects of FBP include antihypertensive, anticancer, hepatoprotective, and cardiovascular protective effects. The compounds in FBP include saponins, flavonoids, volatile oils, and polysaccharides. The total saponins are the principal bioactive components. In modern applications, FBP is used to treat hypertension and tinnitus. There have been many studies on FBP and its effects in recent years, and it has attracted much attention in the medical field. This review summarizes the chemical components, pharmacological action, and clinical uses of FBP comprehensively to provide the references of deeper studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenxi Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kim B, Kim EY, Lee EJ, Han JH, Kwak CH, Jung YS, Lee SO, Chung TW, Ha KT. Panax notoginseng Inhibits Tumor Growth through Activating Macrophage to M1 Polarization. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2018; 46:1369-1385. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x18500726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Among the herbal ingredients of HangAmDan-B, a medicinal formula that redirects macrophages to become tumoricidal effectors, we found that Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen is the active component responsible for its macrophage-mediated antitumor activity. The water extracted roots of P. notoginseng (PN) did not affect the viability of RAW264.7 murine macrophage-like cells and murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells up to a concentration of 100[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]g/mL. However, the transfer of culture media from PN-treated RAW264.7 cells suppressed the growth of LLC cells. The expression of classically activated (M1) markers, such as interleukin (IL)-1[Formula: see text], monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-[Formula: see text], and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), was increased by PN treatment. The expression of alternatively activated (M2) markers including CD206, IL-10, and [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-acetylhexosaminidases (YM-1) was reduced by PN treatment in the presence of IL-4. Flow cytometry also revealed that PN drives M1 activation of RAW264.7 cells. The transfer of culture media from PN-treated RAW264.7 cells induced the apoptosis of LLC cells as measured by flow cytometry using Annexin-V staining and western blot analysis for caspase cascade-related proteins. In addition, the results from in vivo tumor allograft model demonstrated that PN reduced both tumor volume and weight. The activation of macrophages toward an M1 phenotype was confirmed in the tumor allograft tumor model. These results collectively show that PN can serve as a potent anticancer agent through reeducation of macrophages toward an M1 phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosung Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Yeong Kim
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Lee
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ho Han
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Chung-Hwan Kwak
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Seop Jung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Syng-Ook Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Dalseo-gu, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Chung
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Department of Korean Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
- Healthy Aging Korean Medical Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
- Graduate Training Program of Korean Medicine for Healthy-Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do 50612, Republic of Korea
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Li L, Sun JX, Wang XQ, Liu XK, Chen XX, Zhang B, He ZD, Liu DZ, Chen LX, Wang LW, Huang Z. Notoginsenoside R7 suppresses cervical cancer via PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109487-109496. [PMID: 29312623 PMCID: PMC5752536 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Notoginsenoside R7 was isolated from Panax notoginseng, a plant used commonly in traditional Chinese medicine. We investigated the anti-cancer effects of R7 in HeLa cells in vitro and in vivo, and explored the underlying mechanisms of action. R7 dose-dependently inhibited HeLa cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in vitro, In silico docking-based screening assays showed that R7 can directly bind Akt. Pretreatment with the Akt inhibitor LY294002 synergistically enhanced the R7 anti-proliferation and anti-apoptosis effects in HeLa cells, confirming that R7 acts through the PI3K/Akt pathway. Consistent with the in vitro findings, R7 exerted anti-tumor effects in a mouse xenograft model by targeting PI3K (PTEN) and Akt, activating the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family and, subsequently, caspase family members. R7 treatment activated PTEN and downregulated mTOR phosphorylation without affecting mTOR expression, though regulatory-associated protein of mTOR (raptor) expression declined. Our study suggests that R7 is a promising chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of cervical cancer and other PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR signaling-associated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Zhongshan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Jin-Xia Sun
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Wang
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Ji’nan University 2nd Clinical Medicine College, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Xiao-Kai Liu
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xian-Xiong Chen
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhen-Dan He
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Dong-Zhou Liu
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Ji’nan University 2nd Clinical Medicine College, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
| | - Li-Xin Chen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Li-Wei Wang
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Institute of Biological Therapy, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Immunology, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits colorectal tumor growth via down-regulation of C/EBPβ/NF-κB signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1240-1245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Zhao H, Han Z, Li G, Zhang S, Luo Y. Therapeutic Potential and Cellular Mechanisms of Panax Notoginseng on Prevention of Aging and Cell Senescence-Associated Diseases. Aging Dis 2017; 8:721-739. [PMID: 29344413 PMCID: PMC5758348 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2017.0724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to a dramatic increase in average life expectancy, most countries in the world are rapidly entering an aging society. Therefore, extending health span with pharmacological agents targeting aging-related pathological changes, are now in the spotlight of gerosciences. Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F. H. Chen, a species of the genus Panax, has been called the "Miracle Root for the Preservation of Life," and has long been used as a Chinese herb with magical medicinal value. Panax notoginseng has been extensively employed in China to treat microcirculatory disturbances, inflammation, trauma, internal and external bleeding due to injury, and as a tonic. In recent years, with the deepening of the research pharmacologically, many new functions have been discovered. This review will introduce its pharmacological function on lifespan extension, anti-vascular aging, anti-brain aging, and anti-cancer properties, aiming to lay the ground for fully elucidating the potential mechanisms of Panax notoginseng's anti-aging effect to promote its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Zhao
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ziping Han
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangwen Li
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Sijia Zhang
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Luo
- Cerebrovascular Diseases Research Institute, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, China
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Fraction n-Butanol of Radix Notoginseng Protects PC12 Cells from A β25-35-Induced Cytotoxicity and Alleviates Cognitive Deficits in SAMP8 Mice by Attenuating Oxidative Stress and A β Accumulation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8469754. [PMID: 29234436 PMCID: PMC5651138 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8469754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Chinese medicine has been used for Alzheimer's disease (AD) treatment for thousands of years with more effective and fewer side effects. Therefore, developing effective potential candidates from Chinese medicine against AD would be considered as critical and efficient therapy for AD treatment. This study was designed to evaluate the neuronal protective effect of fraction n-butanol (NB) of Radix Notoginseng on Aβ25–35-induced PC12 cells, explore the effect of the tested fraction on spatial learning and memory, and characterize the impacts of fraction NB on antioxidant enzymes, Aβ production, and APP and BACE1 expressions. The results revealed that fraction NB could promote proliferation of PC12 cells and protect and rescue PC12 cells from Aβ25–35-induced cell death. Moreover, fraction NB could improve spatial learning and memory impairments of senescence-accelerated prone8 (SAMP8) mice and attenuate oxidative stress and reduce the production of Aβ by inhibiting the expressions of APP and BACE1 in the brains of SAMP8 mice. The result of single dose acute toxicity assay showed that fraction NB had a mild toxicity in vivo. The pronounced actions against AD and in vivo low toxicity of fraction NB suggest that fraction NB may be a useful alternative to the current AD treatment.
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Xiong W, Li J, Jiang R, Li D, Liu Z, Chen D. Research on the effect of ginseng polysaccharide on apoptosis and cell cycle of human leukemia cell line K562 and its molecular mechanisms. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:924-934. [PMID: 28450921 PMCID: PMC5403339 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginseng polysaccharide (GPS), a polymer of glucose and the primary constituent extracted from panax ginseng, has been documented to exert various pharmacological properties, including anti-tumor properties. To provide further insights into the anti-tumor functions of GPS, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of GPS on apoptosis and the cell cycle of human leukemia cell line K562 cells, and its underlying mechanisms. The results demonstrated that GPS could inhibit K562 cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in vitro in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The transcription of P38 and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) mRNA were significantly augmented, while the transcription of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mRNA were significantly reduced following treatment with GPS compared with the control group (all P<0.05). In addition, GPS treatment markedly suppressed the expression of phosphorylated (p)-ERK, nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65 and cyclin D1, and increased the synthesis of p-P38 and p-JNK protein expression, as evidenced by immunofluorescence and western blotting analyses. In conclusion, the results indicate that the GPS-mediated MAPK/NF-κB/cyclin D1 signaling pathway serves a crucial role in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of K562 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiong
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jing Li
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Danyang Li
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Zehong Liu
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Dilong Chen
- Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
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Lee CY, Hsieh SL, Hsieh S, Tsai CC, Hsieh LC, Kuo YH, Wu CC. Inhibition of human colorectal cancer metastasis by notoginsenoside R1, an important compound from Panax notoginseng. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:399-407. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Anticancer effects of saponin and saponin–phospholipid complex of Panax notoginseng grown in Vietnam. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtb.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Zheng M, Zhao M, Tang L, Zhang C, Song L, Wang W. Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates hypoxia and hypercapnia-induced vasoconstriction in isolated rat pulmonary arterial rings by reducing the expression of p38. J Thorac Dis 2016; 8:1513-23. [PMID: 27499938 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2016.05.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a fatal disease characterized by increased pulmonary arteriolar resistance. Pulmonary vasoconstriction has been proved to play a significant role in PAH. We previously reported that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) might attenuate hypoxia and hypercapnia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction (HHPV). METHODS In the present study, our specific objective was to investigate the role of ginsenoside Rg1, a major component of PNS, in this process and the possible underlying mechanism. The second order pulmonary rings isolated from the Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with different dosage of ginsenoside Rg1 at 8, 40, or 100 mg/L respectively, both before and during the conditions of hypoxia and hypercapnia. Contractile force changes of the rings were detected. Furthermore, SB203580, the selective inhibitor for p38 activation was applied to the rings. Pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were cultured under hypoxic and hypercapnic conditions, and ginsenoside Rg1 was administered to detect the changes induced by p38. RESULTS Under the hypoxic and hypercapnic conditions, we observed a biphasic pulmonary artery contractile response to the second pulmonary artery rings. It is hypothesized that the observed attenuation of vasoconstriction and the production of vasodilation could have been induced by ginsenoside Rg1. This effect was significantly reinforced by SB203580 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression of p38 in the PASMCs under hypoxic and hypercapnic conditions was significantly activated (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and the observed activation was attenuated by ginsenoside Rg1 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings strongly support the significant role of ginsenoside Rg1 in the inhibition of hypoxia and hypercapnia-induced vasoconstriction by the p38 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiao Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Meiping Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Lanlan Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Congcong Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Longsheng Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City 52242, USA
| | - Wantie Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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Zhu M, Jiang Y, Cui B, Jiang Y, Cao H, Zhang W. Cadmium accumulation in Panax notoginseng: levels, affecting factors and the non-carcinogenic health risk. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2016; 38:423-435. [PMID: 26070861 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-015-9728-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination has been reported to be a problem for the safe usage of Panax notoginseng (Sanchi); thus, it is necessary to elucidate the Cd accumulation in Sanchi and to assess its associated health risk. Samples were collected from major producing areas in Yunnan, China. The average concentration of Cd in Sanchi was 0.43 mg/kg, which exceeds the standard level for herbal medicine in China (0.3 mg/kg). A stepwise regression analysis showed that zinc and the pH were the related factors that most significantly impacted Cd in Sanchi roots. The hazard quotient values were estimated as 0.0010 (men) and 0.0012 (women) for consumers taking preparations and were 0.011 (men) and 0.013 (women) for consumers taking health products, implying that there is no non-carcinogenic hazard associated with Sanchi consumption. However, a Monte Carlo simulation showed that approximately 0.80 % of male and 1.02 % of female consumers via drug consumption and 36.28 % of male and 41.87 % of female consumers via health product consumption had an exposure exceeding the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of Cd from drugs (1 % of the total oral ADI as suggested by the World Health Organization). These people should control their oral Cd intake from both Sanchi consumption and diet as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Zhu
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- College of Resource Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Bin Cui
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- College of Resource Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yanxue Jiang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- College of Resource Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Hongbin Cao
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- College of Resource Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Wensheng Zhang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- College of Resource Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
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Liu L, Li H, Guo Z, Ma X, Cao N, Zheng Y, Geng S, Duan Y, Han G, Du G. The Combination of Three Natural Compounds Effectively Prevented Lung Carcinogenesis by Optimal Wound Healing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143438. [PMID: 26599445 PMCID: PMC4658131 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor stroma has been described as "normal wound healing gone awry". We explored whether the restoration of a wound healing-like microenvironment may facilitate tumor healing. Firstly, we screened three natural compounds (shikonin, notoginsenoside R1 and aconitine) from wound healing agents and evaluated the efficacies of wound healing microenvironment for limiting single agent-elicited carcinogenesis and two-stage carcinogenesis. The results showed that three compounds used alone could promote wound healing but had unfavorable efficacy to exert wound healing, and that the combination of three compounds made up treatment disadvantage of a single compound in wound healing and led to optimal wound healing. Although individual treatment with these agents may prevent cancer, they were not effective for the treatment of established tumors. However, combination treatment with these three compounds almost completely prevented urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis and reduced tumor burden. Different from previous studies, we found that urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis was associated with lung injury independent of pulmonary inflammation. LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation did not increase lung carcinogenesis, whereas decreased pulmonary inflammation by macrophage depletion promoted lung carcinogenesis. In addition, urethane damaged wound healing in skin excision wound model, reversed lung carcinogenic efficacy by the combination of three compounds was consistent with skin wound healing. Further, the combination of these three agents reduced the number of lung cancer stem cells (CSCs) by inducing cell differentiation, restoration of gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) and blockade of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our results suggest that restoration of a wound healing microenvironment represents an effective strategy for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxin Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacy College of Henan University, Jinming District, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, China
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacy College of Henan University, Jinming District, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, China
| | - Zhenzhen Guo
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacy College of Henan University, Jinming District, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, China
| | - Xiaofang Ma
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacy College of Henan University, Jinming District, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, China
| | - Ning Cao
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacy College of Henan University, Jinming District, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, China
| | - Yaqiu Zheng
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacy College of Henan University, Jinming District, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, China
| | - Shengnan Geng
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacy College of Henan University, Jinming District, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, China
| | - Yongjian Duan
- Department of Oncology, The first hospital Affiliated to Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475001, China
| | - Guang Han
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacy College of Henan University, Jinming District, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, China
| | - Gangjun Du
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacy College of Henan University, Jinming District, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475004, China
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Notoginsenoside R1 stimulates osteogenic function in primary osteoblasts via estrogen receptor signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 466:232-9. [PMID: 26362186 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), a novel phytoestrogen isolated from Panax notoginseng, has been widely used in the treatment of microcirculatory diseases in Asian countries. Here we investigated the effect of NGR1 on osteoblast differentiation and mineralization process. Furthermore, we also evaluated NGR1's estrogenic properties, especially its effects on estrogen receptors (ERs). NGR1 activated the transcriptional activity of phosphorylated estrogen response element (pERE)-luciferase (Luc) and induced ERα phosphorylation in hBMSC. In addition, ER activation correlated with induction and was associated with osteoblast differentiation biomarkers including alkaline phosphatase activity and transcription of osteoblastic genes, e.g., type I collagen (COL1), osteonectin, osteocalcin (OC), runt related protein 2 (Runx2), and osterix. NGR1 also promoted the mineralization process of osteoblasts. The NGR1-induced effects were confirmed to be mediated by the ER by the observation that pretreatment of the osteoblasts with the ER antagonist, ICI 182,780 fully blocked the effects. Our results showed that NGR1 stimulates osteogenic differentiation of cultured osteoblasts by activating ER signaling and in turn might be a potential therapeutic alternative for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Liu HZ, Liu ZL, Zhao SP, Sun CZ, Yang MS. Protective mechanism of Panax notoginseng saponins on rat hemorrhagic shock model in recovery stage. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 70:1719-24. [PMID: 25012041 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0119-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To explore protective mechanism of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on rat hemorrhagic shock model in recovery stage. 72 Wistar rats were selected and divided into control group, model group and PNS group with 24 rats in each group. 200 mg/kg PNS was injected intravenously at 60 min of hemorrhagic shock stage in PNS groups. Changes of endotoxin, MPO, IL-6, SOD, MDA and TNF α were observed at 30 and 120 min of recovery stage by ELISA; water content of lung and intestine was detected; HE staining was applied to observe morphological change of intestinal mucosa, kidney, liver and lung; western blot was used to detect intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) level in lung tissue and intestine tissue. At 30 min and 120 min of recovery stage, MDA, MPO, endotoxin, TNF α and IL-6 levels significantly increased in model group compared with control group, however SOD level significantly decreased, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05); PNS dose-dependently decreased MDA, MPO, endotoxin, TNF α and IL-6 levels, and increased SOD level, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05); In results of water content detection, water content in lung tissue and intestine tissue was significantly higher than in control group, however, after being treated with PNS, the water content was significantly decreased; HE staining showed the morphologic change of lung tissue cells; Western blot showed that in lung tissue and intestine tissue, ICAM-1 level in model group was significantly higher than in control group, and it was lower in PNS group than in model group. PNS can increase SOD activity, decrease levels of MDA, endotoxin and MPO, decrease expression of TNF α and IL-6, and decrease water content in lung tissue and intestine tissue. Thus, PNS is protective to rat hemorrhagic shock model by anti oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory pathways, and ICAM-1 may play an important role in the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Zheng Liu
- Emergency and Intensive Care Center, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, NO. 138, Tongzipo Road, Yueluan District, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
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Qiang H, Liu H, Ling M, Wang K, Zhang C. Early Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis of Rabbit Femoral Head and Panax notoginseng Saponins: Mechanism and Protective Effects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:719370. [PMID: 25866538 PMCID: PMC4378605 DOI: 10.1155/2015/719370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background. This study was aimed at investigating the pathogenesis of oxidative stress in steroid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head (SANFH) and at exploring the mechanism and protective effects of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on early SANFH. Methods. 80 adult New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into control group, model group, and PNS group. In model group, equine serum was injected into auricular vein; then methylprednisolone was injected into gluteus. In PNS group, PNS was applied for 14 consecutive days before methylprednisolone management. At different time points, serum and femoral heads were prepared for T-AOC, SOD, GSH-PX, ·OH, and MDA determination. Two weeks after steroid management, all femoral heads were assessed with MRI and HE staining. Results. Typical early osteonecrosis symptoms were observed in model group. Our results showed that PNS could significantly ameliorate the decrease of T-AOC level, improve SOD and GSH-PX activity, suppress ·OH ability, and augment MDA level. Besides, PNS improved MRI and pathological changes of the femoral head, markedly reducing the incidence of osteonecrosis. Conclusion. Based on our research, we found oxidative stress played a positive role in the occurrence of SANFH where reactive oxygen species was the direct cause. PNS could protect rabbits against early steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head by its antioxidative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qiang
- The Second Department of Orthopaedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Huitong Liu
- The Second Department of Orthopaedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, China
- The First Department of Orthopaedics, Fuzhou Second Hospital of Xiamen University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350007, China
| | - Ming Ling
- The Second Department of Orthopaedics, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, China
| | - Kunzheng Wang
- The First Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- The First Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, China
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Xu Y, Lin L, Tang L, Zheng M, Ma Y, Huang L, Meng W, Wang W. Notoginsenoside R1 attenuates hypoxia and hypercapnia-induced vasoconstriction in isolated rat pulmonary arterial rings by reducing the expression of ERK. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 42:799-816. [PMID: 25004876 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x14500517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a disease of the small pulmonary arteries characterized by increased vascular resistance. Pulmonary vasoconstriction has been proven to play a pivotal role in PAH. We have previously hypothesized that Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) might attenuate hypoxia-hypercapnia-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction. The specific objective of the present study was to investigate the role of notoginsenoside R1, a main ingredient of PNS, in this process and the possible underlying mechanism. The third order pulmonary rings from the Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with different concentrations of notoginsenoside R1 (8, 40, and 100 mg/L, respectively) both before and during the conditions of hypercapnia and hypoxia. Contractile force changes in the rings were detected and the optimal concentration (8 mg/L) was selected. Furthermore, an ERK inhibitor, U0126, was applied to the rings. In addition, pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) were cultured under hypoxic and hypercapnic conditions, and notoginsenoside R1 was administered to detect the changes induced by ERK1/2. The results revealed biphasic vasoconstriction in rings under hypoxic and hypercapnic conditions. It is hypothesized that the observed attenuation of vasoconstriction and the production of vasodilation could have been induced by notoginsenoside R1. This effect was found to be significantly reinforced by U0126 (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). ERK expression in the PASMCs under hypoxic and hypercapnic conditions was significantly activated (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) and the observed activation was attenuated by notoginsenoside R1 (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). Our findings strongly support the significant role of notoginsenoside R1 in the inhibition of hypoxia-hypercapnia-induced vasoconstriction by the ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China , Wenzhou Medical University Renji College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
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Zhang J, Ding L, Wang B, Ren G, Sun A, Deng C, Wei X, Mani S, Wang Z, Dou W. Notoginsenoside R1 attenuates experimental inflammatory bowel disease via pregnane X receptor activation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 352:315-24. [PMID: 25472953 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.218750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Notoginsenoside R1 (R1) is the main bioactive component in Panax notoginseng, an old herb medicine widely used in Asian countries in the treatment of microcirculatory diseases. However, little is known about the effect of R1 on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The present study demonstrated that R1 alleviated the severity of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis in mice by decreasing the activity of myeloperoxidase, the production of cytokines, the expression of proinflammatory genes, and the phosphorylation of IκB kinase, IκBα, and p65 in the colon. Further studies indicated that R1 dose-dependently activated human/mouse pregnane X receptor (PXR), a known target for decreasing inflammation in IBD, and upregulated the expression of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism in colorectal cells and the colon. Ligand pocket-filling mutant (S247W/C284W or S247W/C284W/S208W) of the human PXR abrogated the effect of R1 on PXR activation. Time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy transfer PXR competitive binding assay confirmed R1 (ligand) binding affinity. In addition, PXR overexpression inhibited nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-luciferase activity, which was potentiated by R1 treatment. PXR knockdown by small interfering RNA demonstrated the necessity of PXR in R1-induced upregulation of the expression of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes and downregulation of NF-κB activity. Finally, the anti-inflammatory effect of R1 was confirmed in trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid-induced colitis in mice. These findings suggest that R1 attenuates experimental IBD possibly via the activation of intestinal PXR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (J.Z., L.D., G.R., A.S., C.D., X.W., Z.W., W.D.); Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (B.W.); and Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
| | - Lili Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (J.Z., L.D., G.R., A.S., C.D., X.W., Z.W., W.D.); Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (B.W.); and Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
| | - Baocan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (J.Z., L.D., G.R., A.S., C.D., X.W., Z.W., W.D.); Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (B.W.); and Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
| | - Gaiyan Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (J.Z., L.D., G.R., A.S., C.D., X.W., Z.W., W.D.); Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (B.W.); and Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
| | - Aning Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (J.Z., L.D., G.R., A.S., C.D., X.W., Z.W., W.D.); Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (B.W.); and Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
| | - Chao Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (J.Z., L.D., G.R., A.S., C.D., X.W., Z.W., W.D.); Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (B.W.); and Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
| | - Xiaohui Wei
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (J.Z., L.D., G.R., A.S., C.D., X.W., Z.W., W.D.); Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (B.W.); and Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
| | - Sridhar Mani
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (J.Z., L.D., G.R., A.S., C.D., X.W., Z.W., W.D.); Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (B.W.); and Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (J.Z., L.D., G.R., A.S., C.D., X.W., Z.W., W.D.); Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (B.W.); and Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
| | - Wei Dou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China (J.Z., L.D., G.R., A.S., C.D., X.W., Z.W., W.D.); Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (B.W.); and Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (S.M.)
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Vayghan HJ, Ghadimi SS, Nourazarian AR. Preventive and therapeutic roles of ginseng - focus on colon cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:585-8. [PMID: 24568461 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.2.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most prevalent diseases all over the world. Early screening and start of chemotherapy is effective in decreasing mortality. This type of cancer can be controlled to some extent via a healthy diet rich in fruit and vegetables. Ginseng is a plant which has been consumed as a herbal medicine for thousands of years in Asian countries. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that this plant not only reduces the incidence of colorectal cancer, but also improves patient's status by enhancing the effects of chemotherapy drugs. However, further studies are needed to prove this relationship. We briefly review ginseng and its components such as ginsenosides reported anticancer effects and their mechanisms of action. Understanding these relationships may produce insights into chemical and pharmacological approaches for enhancing the chemo preventive effects of ginsenosides and for developing novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Jafari Vayghan
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran E-mail :
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Wang P, Cui J, Du X, Yang Q, Jia C, Xiong M, Yu X, Li L, Wang W, Chen Y, Zhang T. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) inhibits breast cancer metastasis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:663-671. [PMID: 24793216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. Chen (Araliaceae) has been extensively used as a therapeutic agent to treat a variety of diseases. Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) consist of major therapeutically active components of Panax notoginseng. PNS inhibit the growth of a variety of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of PNS on breast cancer metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 4T1 cell, a highly metastatic mouse breast carcinoma cell line, was utilized for in vitro and in vivo assays. In vitro assays were first performed to examine the effects of PNS on 4T1 cell viability, migration and invasion, respectively. Real-time PCR analyses were also performed to examine the effects of PNS on the expression of genes associated with tumor metastasis. The effect of PNS on 4T1 tumor cell metastasis was further assessed in spontaneous and experimental metastasis models in vivo. RESULTS PNS treatment exhibited a dose-dependent effect on impairing 4T1 cell viability in vitro. However, when examined at a lower dose that did not affect cell viability, the migration and invasion of 4T1 cell was remarkably inhibited in vitro. Meanwhile, PNS treatment led to upregulated expression of genes known to inhibit metastasis and downregulated expression of genes promoting metastasis in cultured 4T1 cells. These results suggested a selective effect of PNS on 4T1 migration and invasion. This hypothesis was further addressed in 4T1 metastasis models in vivo. The results showed that the lung metastasis was significantly inhibited by PNS treatment in both spontaneous and experimental metastasis models. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results demonstrated an inhibitory effect of PNS on 4T1 tumor metastasis, warranting further evaluation of PNS as a therapeutic agent for treating breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Wang
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine & Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Rd, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Jingang Cui
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine & Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Rd, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Xiaoye Du
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine & Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Rd, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Qinbo Yang
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine & Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Rd, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Chenglin Jia
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine & Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Rd, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Minqi Xiong
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine & Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Rd, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Xintong Yu
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine & Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Rd, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Li Li
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine & Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Rd, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine & Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Rd, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine & Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Rd, Shanghai 200437, China.
| | - Teng Zhang
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine & Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Rd, Shanghai 200437, China.
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Lee KH, Morris-Natschke S, Qian K, Dong Y, Yang X, Zhou T, Belding E, Wu SF, Wada K, Akiyama T. Recent Progress of Research on Herbal Products Used in Traditional Chinese Medicine: the Herbs belonging to The Divine Husbandman's Herbal Foundation Canon ( Shén Nóng Běn Cǎo Jīng). J Tradit Complement Med 2014; 2:6-26. [PMID: 24716110 PMCID: PMC3943012 DOI: 10.1016/s2225-4110(16)30066-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This article will review selected herbal products from Chinese Materia Medica that are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. The herbs come from the upper, middle, and lower class medicines as listed in The Divine Husbandman's Herbal Foundation Canon (神農本草經 Shén Nóng Běn Cǎo Jīng). The review will focus on the active constituents of the herbs and their bioactivities, with emphasis on the most recent progress in research for the period of 2003 to 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568 USA ; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Susan Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568 USA
| | - Keduo Qian
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568 USA
| | - Yizhou Dong
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568 USA
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568 USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568 USA
| | - Eileen Belding
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568 USA
| | - Shou-Fang Wu
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568 USA
| | - Koji Wada
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568 USA
| | - Toshiyuki Akiyama
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-7568 USA
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Niu Y, Luo H, Sun C, Yang TJ, Dong L, Huang L, Chen S. Expression profiling of the triterpene saponin biosynthesis genes FPS, SS, SE, and DS in the medicinal plant Panax notoginseng. Gene 2014; 533:295-303. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Chen M, May BH, Zhou IW, Xue CCL, Zhang AL. FOLFOX 4 combined with herbal medicine for advanced colorectal cancer: a systematic review. Phytother Res 2013; 28:976-91. [PMID: 24343974 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review evaluates the clinical evidence for the addition of herbal medicines (HMs) to FOLFOX 4 for advanced colorectal cancer (ACRC) in terms of tumor response rate (tRR), survival, quality of life and reduction in adverse events (AEs). Seven electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of FOLFOX4 combined with HMs compared to FOLFOX4 alone. Outcome data for 13 randomized controlled trials were analysed using Review Manager 5.1. Risk of bias for objective outcomes including tumor response and survival was judged as low. Publication bias was not evident. Meta-analyses found the addition of HMs improved tRR (RR 1.25, 95%CI 1.06-1.47, I(2) = 0%), one year survival (RR 1.51, 95%CI 1.19-1.90, I(2) = 0%) and quality of life in terms of Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) gained (RR 1.84, 95%CI 1.54-2.19, I(2) = 0%); alleviated grade 3 and 4 chemotherapy-related AEs for neutropenia (RR 0.33, 95%CI 0.18-0.60, I(2) = 0%), nausea and vomiting (RR 0.34, 95%CI 0.17-0.67, I(2) = 0%) and neurotoxicity (RR 0.39, 95%CI 0.15-1.00, I(2) = 0%), compared to FOLFOX4 alone. The most frequently used herbs were Astragalus membranaceus, Panax ginseng, Atractylodes macrocephala, Poria cocos, Coix lachryma-jobi and Sophora flavescens. In experimental studies, each of these herbs has shown actions that could have contributed to improved tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Chen
- School of Health Sciences, and Traditional & Complementary Medicine Research Program, Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
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Wen XD, Wang CZ, Yu C, Zhao L, Zhang Z, Matin A, Wang Y, Li P, Xiao SY, Du W, He TC, Yuan CS. Panax notoginseng attenuates experimental colitis in the azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium mouse model. Phytother Res 2013; 28:892-8. [PMID: 24142591 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease are at a high risk of developing colorectal cancer. To assess the anticancer potential of botanicals, in this study, we evaluated the effects of Panax notoginseng on azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. One week after A/J mice received azoxymethane, the animals received DSS for 8 days or were supplemented with P. notoginseng extract, at 30 or 90 mg/kg. DSS-induced colitis was scored with the disease activity index. The severity of the inflammatory lesions was evaluated by a colon tissue histological assessment. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were also explored. We observed that the effects of P. notoginseng on the reduction of colon inflammation, expressed in disease activity index score, were in a dose-related manner (p < 0.01). P. notoginseng inhibited the reduction of the colon length and the loss of bodyweight in dose-related manner (all p < 0.05). The histological assessment of the colitis and inflammatory-related immunohistochemical data also supported the pharmacological observations. Our data suggest that P. notoginseng is a promising candidate in preventing and treating colitis and inflammation-associated colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Wen
- Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Cheng TC, Lu JF, Wang JS, Lin LJ, Kuo HI, Chen BH. Antiproliferation effect and apoptosis mechanism of prostate cancer cell PC-3 by flavonoids and saponins prepared from Gynostemma pentaphyllum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:11319-11329. [PMID: 21905716 DOI: 10.1021/jf2018758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the antiproliferation and apoptosis mechanism of saponin and flavonoid fractions from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino on prostate cancer cell PC-3. Both flavonoid and saponin fractions were isolated by a column chromatographic method with Cosmosil 75C(18)-OPN as adsorbent and elution solvents of ethanol-water (30:70, v/v) for the former and 100% ethanol for the latter, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. On the basis of the MTT assay, the saponin and flavonoid fraction were comparably effective in inhibiting the growth of PC-3 cells, with the IC(50) being 39.3 and 33.3 μg/mL, respectively. Additionally, both fractions induced an arrest of PC-3 cell cycle at both S and G2/M phases, with both early and late apoptotic cell populations showing a dose-dependent rise. The Western blot assay indicated that the incorporation of flavonoid or saponin fraction could modulate the expression of G2 and M checkpoint regulators, cyclins A and B, and the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl and pro-apoptotic proteins Bad and Bax. The expression of the caspase-3 and its activated downstream substrate effectors, DFF45 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), was also increased and followed a dose-dependent manner. All of these findings suggest that the apoptosis of PC-3 cells may proceed through the intrinsic mitochondria pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tse-Chou Cheng
- Department of Urology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 710, Taiwan
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Protective effects and mechanism of Panax Notoginseng saponins on oxidative stress-induced damage and apoptosis of rabbit bone marrow stromal cells. Chin J Integr Med 2010; 16:525-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-010-0566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Cui X, Jin Y, Poudyal D, Chumanevich AA, Davis T, Windust A, Hofseth A, Wu W, Habiger J, Pena E, Wood P, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS, Hofseth L. Mechanistic insight into the ability of American ginseng to suppress colon cancer associated with colitis. Carcinogenesis 2010; 31:1734-41. [PMID: 20729391 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgq163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have recently shown that American ginseng (AG) prevents and treats mouse colitis. Because both mice and humans with chronic colitis have a high colon cancer risk, we tested the hypothesis that AG can be used to prevent colitis-driven colon cancer. Using the azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mouse model of ulcerative colitis, we show that AG can suppress colon cancer associated with colitis. To explore the molecular mechanisms of the anticancer effects of AG, we also carried out antibody array experiments on colon cells isolated at a precancerous stage. We found there were 82 protein end points that were either significantly higher (41 proteins) or significantly lower (41 proteins) in the AOM + DSS group compared with the AOM-alone (control) group. In contrast, there were only 19 protein end points that were either significantly higher (10 proteins) or significantly lower (9 proteins) in the AOM + DSS + AG group compared with the AOM-alone (control) group. Overall, these results suggest that AG keeps the colon environment in metabolic equilibrium when mice are treated with AOM + DSS and gives insight into the mechanisms by which AG protects from colon cancer associated with colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, South Carolina College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina and Medical University of South Carolina, SC 29208, USA
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Lin YW, Mou YC, Su CC, Chiang BH. Antihepatocarcinoma activity of lactic acid bacteria fermented Panax notoginseng. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8528-8534. [PMID: 20681639 DOI: 10.1021/jf101543k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Panax notoginseng was used as the medium for lactic acid bacteria fermentation to manufacture product with antihepatocarcinoma activity. The fermentation broth prepared in a 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask was found to possess antiproliferation activity against hepatoma Hep3B cells. At the dosage of 500 microg/mL, the viability of hepatoma Hep3B cells was approximately 2.2%. When the fermentation was scaled up to a 6.6 L fermenter, it was found that the fermentation broth produced at 37 degrees C for 2 days showed the highest antihepatoma activity. Animal study revealed that when Hep3B implanted SCID mice were treated with 1000 mg/kg BW/day of the fermentation broth, tumor volume and tumor weight were reduced approximately 60% as compared to the negative control group. HPLC analyses showed that saponins in P. notoginseng including notoginsenoside R(1) and ginsenosides Rg(1), Rb(1), Rd, and Rh(4) decreased, but ginsenosides Rh(1) and Rg(3) increased during fermentation. LC-MS/MS revealed that the minor saponins ginsenoside F(1), protopanaxatriol, and notoginseng R(2) also exist in the fermentation product. It appears that ginsenoside Rg(3), ginsenoside Rh(1), and protopanaxatriol are possibly responsible for the enhanced antihepatocarcinoma activity of the P. notoginseng fermentation broth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Lin
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, Taiwan
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Qiang H. Panax notoginseng saponins protect rabbit bone marrow stromal cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 8:131-7. [DOI: 10.3736/jcim20100207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Qiang H, Gao P, Zhang C, Shi Z, Wang T, Wang L, Wang K. Effects of Panax notoginseng saponins on apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide in cultured rabbit bone marrow stromal cells via altering the oxidative stress level and down-regulating caspase-3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1007-4376(09)60085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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