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Sivakumar PM, Prabhakar PK, Cetinel S, R N, Prabhawathi V. Molecular Insights on the Therapeutic Effect of Selected Flavonoids on Diabetic Neuropathy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2022; 22:1828-1846. [PMID: 35264089 DOI: 10.2174/1389557522666220309140855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the common clinical complications of diabetes is diabetic neuropathy affecting the nervous system. Painful diabetic neuropathy is widespread and highly prevalent. At least 50% of diabetes patients develop diabetic neuropathy eventually. The four main types of diabetic neuropathy are peripheral neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy, proximal neuropathy (diabetic polyradiculopathy), and mononeuropathy (Focal neuropathy). Glucose control remains the common therapy for diabetic neuropathy due to limited knowledge on early biomarkers that are expressed during nerve damage, thereby limiting the cure through pharmacotherapy. Glucose control dramatically reduces the onset of neuropathy in type 1 diabetes but proves less effective in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the focus is on various herbal remedies for prevention and treatment. There is numerous research on the use of anticonvulsants and antidepressants for the management of pain in diabetic neuropathy. Extensive research is being done on natural products including the isolation of pure compounds like flavonoids from plants and their effect on diabetic neuropathy. This review focuses on the use of an important of flavonoids such as flavanols (e.g., quercetin, rutin, kaempferol, and isorhamnetin), flavanones (e.g., hesperidin, naringenin and c,lass eriodictyol), and flavones (e.g., apigenin, luteolin, tangeretin, chrysin, and diosmin) for the prevention and treatment of diabetic neuropathy. The mechanisms of action of flavonoids against diabetic neuropathy by their antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-glycation properties, etc. are also covered in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponnurengam Malliappan Sivakumar
- Center for Molecular Biology, Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, 03 Quang Trung, Da Nang, Vietnam.
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | | | - Sibel Cetinel
- Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey.
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Neelakandan R
- Department of Textile Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Veluchamy Prabhawathi
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Coimbatore Medical College, Coimbatore - 641014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chang TT, Chen YA, Li SY, Chen JW. Nrf-2 mediated heme oxygenase-1 activation contributes to the anti-inflammatory and renal protective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract in diabetic nephropathy. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113474. [PMID: 33068650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) is derived from a medicinal plant and suggested as a treatment for diabetic nephropathy (DN), but the mechanism was not clarified. AIM OF STUDY The present study investigated whether GbE prevented DN via activation of heme oxygenase (HO)-1. MATERIALS AND METHODS Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were fed a high-fat diet to generate DN. Human and murine podocytes were used for the in vitro study. RESULTS GbE improved renal function via decreasing glomerular hypertrophy, the kidney/body weight ratio, and albuminuria in DN mice. GbE reversed the reduction of synaptopodin and nephrin and enhanced HO-1 expression in the kidneys of DN mice. GbE decreased the enhancement of TNF-α, IL-6, fibronectin, and lipid accumulation in the glomeruli of DN mice. GbE attenuated the uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and reduced the production of ROS in high glucose-stimulated podocytes, and HO-1 inhibitor treatment abrogated the protective effects of GbE. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) siRNA significantly abolished the beneficial effects of GbE via decreased HO-1 expression and enhanced TNF-α and IL-6 levels. CONCLUSIONS GbE protected podocytes against hyperglycemia and prevented the development of DN via Nrf-2/HO-1 activation. Our findings provide further mechanistic insight into the potential use of GbE in clinical DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Chang
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-An Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yuan Li
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Healthcare and Services Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan; Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Yu X, Su Q, Geng J, Liu H, Liu Y, Liu J, Shi Y, Zou Y. Ginkgo biloba leaf extract prevents diabetic nephropathy through the suppression of tissue transglutaminase. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:333. [PMID: 33732306 PMCID: PMC7903480 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the preventive effects of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE) against extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat model of diabetic nephropathy (DN), and to determine its underlying molecular mechanism. In vivo, a rat model of DN was established by intraperitoneal injection of STZ, and the rats were subsequently administered GBE. The results demonstrated that GBE significantly decreased blood glucose, the urine protein excretion rate and ECM accumulation in DN rats. In addition, the development of DN significantly induced tissue transglutaminase (tTG) protein expression, which was detected by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and PCR analyses, while GBE administration decreased tTG expression in the diabetic kidney. In vitro, rat glomerular mesangial cells (HBZY-1 cells) cultured with high glucose were also treated with GBE. The concentrations of tTG, fibronectin, type IV collagen, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) were detected via ELISA. The results demonstrated that GBE notably decreased the concentration of these proteins, and tTG expression was positively associated with TGF-β. GBE also suppressed tTG expression of high glucose-treated HBZY-1 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, tTG protein expression was detected in high glucose-treated HBZY-1 cells transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA) oligonucleotides against TGF-β and CTGF to investigate a possible mechanism of GBE-mediated inhibition of tTG. The results demonstrated that the tTG levels remained unchanged in CTGF siRNA-transfected cells, but were decreased in the GBE + CTGF siRNA group compared with the control siRNA group, suggesting that tTG may not be regulated by CTGF, and the inhibitory effect of GBE on tTG may not be associated with the direct inhibition of CTGF. However, tTG expression was decreased following the transfection with TGF-β siRNA, in which levels of tTG were similar compared with both the GBE group and GBE + TGF-β siRNA group, indicating that tTG may be regulated by TGF-β, and that the GBE-induced repression of tTG expression may be associated with the downregulation of TGF-β. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that GBE prevented ECM accumulation by suppressing tTG expression in DN, which was predominantly mediated by TGF-β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Qing Su
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jianan Geng
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jinming Liu
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Yinggang Zou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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Ram C, Jha AK, Ghosh A, Gairola S, Syed AM, Murty US, Naidu VGM, Sahu BD. Targeting NLRP3 inflammasome as a promising approach for treatment of diabetic nephropathy: Preclinical evidences with therapeutic approaches. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 885:173503. [PMID: 32858047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an increasingly prevalent disease around the globe. The epidemic of diabetes mellitus and its complications pretenses the foremost health threat globally. Diabetic nephropathy is the notable complication in diabetes, leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and premature death. Abundant experimental evidence indicates that oxidative stress and inflammation are the important mediators in diabetic kidney diseases and interlinked with various signal transduction molecular mechanisms. Inflammasomes are the critical components of innate immunity and are recognized as a critical mediator of inflammation and autoimmune disorders. NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the well-characterized protein and it exhibits the sterile inflammation through the regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 production in tissues. In recent years, the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in the pathophysiology of diabetic kidney diseases in both clinical and experimental studies has generated great interest. In the current review, we focused on and discussed the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in diabetic nephropathy. A literature review was performed using online databases namely, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and Web of science to explore the possible pharmacological interventions that blunt the NLRP3 inflammasome-caspase-1-IL-1β/IL-18 axis and shown to have a beneficial effect in diabetic kidney diseases. This review describes the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation as a promising therapeutic target for drug discovery in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Ram
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Ankush Kumar Jha
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Aparajita Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Shobhit Gairola
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Abu Mohammad Syed
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Upadhyayula Suryanarayana Murty
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - V G M Naidu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India
| | - Bidya Dhar Sahu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Guwahati, Changsari, PIN-781101, Assam, India.
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Sherif IO, Al-Shaalan NH, Sabry D. Ginkgo Biloba Extract Alleviates Methotrexate-Induced Renal Injury: New Impact on PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling and MALAT1 Expression. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110691. [PMID: 31684190 PMCID: PMC6920877 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal injury induced by the chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate (MTX) is a serious adverse effect that has limited its use in the treatment of various clinical conditions. The antioxidant activity of Ginkgo biloba extract (GB) was reported to mitigate renal injury induced by MTX. Our research was conducted to examine the nephroprotective role of GB versus MTX-induced renal injury for the first time through its impact on the regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B/ mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signaling together with the renal level of TGF-β mRNA and long non-coding RNA-metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript-1 (MALAT1) expression. A group of adult rats was intraperitoneally (ip) injected with MTX 20 mg/kg as a single dose to induce kidney injury (MTX group). The other group of rats was orally administered with GB 60 mg/kg every day for 10 days (GB+ MTX group). The MTX increased the serum creatinine and urea levels, renal TGF-β mRNA and MALAT1 expression, in addition to dysregulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling when compared with normal control rats that received saline only (NC group). Moreover, renal damage was reported histopathologically in the MTX group. The GB ameliorated the renal injury induced by MTX and reversed the changes of these biochemical analyses. The involvement of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling and downregulation of TGF-β mRNA and MALAT1 renal expressions were firstly reported in the nephroprotective molecular mechanism of GB versus MTX-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman O Sherif
- Emergency Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Nora H Al-Shaalan
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dina Sabry
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt.
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Chen Y, Yu K, Hu Y, Chang Y. Ginkgo biloba Extract Protects Mesenteric Arterioles of Old Rats via Improving Vessel Elasticity through Akt/FoxO3a Signaling Pathway. Ann Vasc Surg 2019; 57:220-228. [PMID: 30684626 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) dietary diminished salt-related elevation of blood pressure and ameliorated ischemic diseases. However, whether GBE could improve vascular elasticity to protect mesenteric arterioles of old rats is still elusive. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of GBE on vascular elasticity of old rats and its possible underlying mechanism. METHODS Morphological changes of mesenteric arterioles were observed using hematoxylin and eosin and Verhoeff-Van Gieson staining, and diameters of mesenteric arterioles under various pressure were detected after GBE administration. In addition, phosphorylation level of Akt and FoxO3a proteins from mesenteric arterioles were detected. RESULTS The results implicated that GBE treatment narrowed endothelial cell gap and increased the curvature of inner elastic membrane with reduced middle layer collagen fiber. Meanwhile, compared with young rats, old rats appeared to have lower vascular elasticity while GBE treatment at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg dosage through intragastric administration per day for 3 weeks could effectively improve the vascular elasticity under different pressures in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, phosphorylation level of Akt and FoxO3a was also reduced in GBE-treated rats. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report to indicate that GBE might exert protective effect on mesenteric arterioles of old rats via improving vascular elasticity and Akt/FoxO3a signaling pathway might be involved in this action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaikai Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhua Chang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Hu TY, Li LM, Pan YZ. CTRP3 inhibits high glucose-induced human glomerular mesangial cell dysfunction. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5729-5736. [PMID: 30362596 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
C1q/tumour necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP3) is a member of CTRP family, and its blood level is reduced in human and rodent models of obesity and diabetes. However, the role of CTRP3 in diabetic nephropathy remains unclear. This study was designed to examine the effects of CTRP3 on cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in human glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) in response to high glucose (HG), and explore the potential molecular mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that the expression of CTRP3 was significantly decreased by HG stimulation in MCs. In addition, CTRP3 overexpression inhibited MCs proliferation, reactive oxygen species level, and ECM production in HG-stimulated MCs. Mechanistically, CTRP3 overexpression inhibited the activation of the Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway in HG-stimulated MCs. Taken together, these findings indicated that CTRP3 attenuated HG-induced MC proliferation and ECM production through the inactivation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Thus, CTRP3 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ying Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Weinan Central Hospital, Weinan, Shaanxi, China
| | - La-Mei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Weinan Central Hospital, Weinan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Zi Pan
- Department of Nephropathy, Baoji Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi, China
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Li H, Wang Y, Chen B, Shi J. Silencing of PAQR3 suppresses extracellular matrix accumulation in high glucose-stimulated human glomerular mesangial cells via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 832:50-55. [PMID: 29787774 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Progestin and AdipoQ Receptor 3 (PAQR3), a member of the PAQR family, was involved in multiple biological processes, including tumorigenesis, cholesterol homeostasis, autophagy, obesity, insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism. However, the role of PAQR3 in diabetic nephropathy is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of PAQR3 on cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in human glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) cultured under high glucose (HG), and explored the underlying mechanism. Our results demonstrated that HG significantly up-regulated the expression of PAQR3 in human MCs. In addition, knockdown of PAQR3 efficiently suppressed MC proliferation and ECM production in HG-stimulated MCs. Furthermore, knockdown of PAQR3 markedly reversed HG-induced PI3K/AKT activation in MCs. In summary, our present study demonstrated that knockdown of PAQR3 suppressed HG-induced the proliferation and ECM accumulation in human MCs, via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Thus, PAQR3 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huicong Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China.
| | - Yunqian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
| | - Baoping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, Henan, China
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Wang Y, Wang M, Chen B, Shi J. Scoparone attenuates high glucose-induced extracellular matrix accumulation in rat mesangial cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 815:376-380. [PMID: 28970015 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Scoparone, a major constituent of Artemisia capillaries, has a variety of biological properties including anticoagulant, hepatoprotective, anti-tumor, anti-fibrosis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities. However, the renoprotective effect of scoparone under diabetic conditions remains elusive. Thus, the present study was undertaken to examine the role of scoparone in high glucose-induced mesangial cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and elucidate the possible mechanism of action of scoparone. Our results demonstrated that treatment with scoparone significantly inhibited the proliferation of mesangial cells under high glucose conditions. In addition, scoparone reversed high glucose-induced fibronectin and collagen IV expression in mesangial cells, as well as suppressed reactive oxygen species production and NOX2/4 expression in high glucose-exposed mesangial cells. Mechanistic studies revealed that scoparone prevented the activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway in high glucose-exposed mesangial cells, and an ERK inhibitor (U0126) protected mesangial cells treated with high glucose. Taken together, these results demonstrated that scoparone protects mesangial cells against high glucose damage in part through the inactivation of ERK signaling pathway. These findings suggest that scoparone may represent a potential drug for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqian Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, Henan Province, PR China.
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Baoping Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, Henan Province, PR China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Henan University Huaihe Hospital, Kaifeng 475000, Henan Province, PR China
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Ke YQ, Liu C, Hao JB, Lu L, Lu NN, Wu ZK, Zhu SS, Chen XL. Morin inhibits cell proliferation and fibronectin accumulation in rat glomerular mesangial cells cultured under high glucose condition. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:622-627. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Kawakami T, Fujikawa A, Ishiyama Y, Hosojima M, Saito A, Kubota M, Fujimura S, Kadowaki M. Protective effect of composite earthworm powder against diabetic complications via increased fibrinolytic function and improvement of lipid metabolism in ZDF rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:1980-9. [PMID: 27292184 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1166932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Thrombosis is the leading cause of mortality globally. It is not only a complication but also a risk factor for progression of diabetes. However, alternative oral therapies and prophylaxis with less adverse effect for thrombosis have not been well studied. In this study, composite powder containing earthworm (CEP) was used and its fibrinolytic activity was measured. CEP was found to have a high urokinase-type plasminogen activator like activity in an in vitro assay. It also had significantly shortened euglobulin clot lysis time (ECLT) at 4 and 24 h after ingestion in Sprague Dawley rats. Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats were used to assess the effect of CEP on diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. After 10 weeks of feeding, CEP significantly shortened ECLT and attenuated HbA1c, hepatic lipid accumulation, and urinary albumin excretion and improved glomerular mesangial matrix score. Therefore, CEP may have beneficial effects on diabetes and diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Kawakami
- a Miyato Yaso Institute Co. Ltd. Myoko , Japan.,b Graduate School of Science and Technology , Niigata , Japan
| | - Airi Fujikawa
- b Graduate School of Science and Technology , Niigata , Japan
| | | | - Michihiro Hosojima
- c Department of Clinical Nutrition Science , Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata , Japan
| | - Akihiko Saito
- d Department of Applied Molecular Medicine , Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Niigata , Japan
| | - Masatoshi Kubota
- e Center for Transdisciplinary Research , Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Shinobu Fujimura
- b Graduate School of Science and Technology , Niigata , Japan.,e Center for Transdisciplinary Research , Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Motoni Kadowaki
- b Graduate School of Science and Technology , Niigata , Japan.,e Center for Transdisciplinary Research , Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
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Balli U, Cetinkaya BO, Keles GC, Keles ZP, Guler S, Sogut MU, Erisgin Z. Assessment of MMP-1, MMP-8 and TIMP-2 in experimental periodontitis treated with kaempferol. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2016; 46:84-95. [PMID: 27127689 PMCID: PMC4848383 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2016.46.2.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a dietary flavonoid, kaempferol, which has been shown to possess antiallergic, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antioxidant activities on the periodontium by histomorphometric analysis and on gingival tissue matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), MMP-8, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) by biochemical analysis of rats after experimental periodontitis induction. Methods Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups of ten rats each, and silk ligatures were placed around the cervical area of the mandibular first molars for 15 days, except in the healthy control rats. In the experimental periodontitis groups, systemic kaempferol (10 mg/kg/2d) and saline were administered by oral gavage at two different periods (with and without the presence of dental biofilm) to all rats except for the ten non-medicated rats. Alveolar bone area, alveolar bone level, and attachment level were determined by histomorphometric analysis, and gingival tissue levels of MMP-1, MMP-8, and TIMP-2 were detected by biochemical analysis. Results Significantly greater bone area and significantly less alveolar bone and attachment loss were observed in the kaempferol application groups compared to the control groups (P<0.05). In addition, gingival tissue MMP-1 and -8 levels were significantly lower in the kaempferol application groups compared to the control groups and the periodontitis group (P<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in TIMP-2 levels between the kaempferol and saline application groups (P>0.05). Conclusions Kaempferol application may be useful in decreasing alveolar bone resorption, attachment loss, and MMP-1 and -8 production in experimental periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Balli
- Department of Periodontology, Bulent Ecevit University Faculty of Dentistry, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Burcu Ozkan Cetinkaya
- Department of Periodontology, Ondokuzmayis University Faculty of Dentistry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Gonca Cayir Keles
- Department of Periodontology, Ondokuzmayis University Faculty of Dentistry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Pinar Keles
- Department of Periodontology, Ondokuzmayis University Faculty of Dentistry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Sevki Guler
- Department of Periodontology, Ondokuzmayis University Faculty of Dentistry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Mehtap Unlu Sogut
- Ondokuzmayis University Samsun High School of Health, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Zuleyha Erisgin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Giresun University Faculty of Medicine, Giresun, Turkey
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Shao Y, Lv C, Yuan Q, Wang Q. Levels of Serum 25(OH)VD3, HIF-1α, VEGF, vWf, and IGF-1 and Their Correlation in Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Different Urine Albumin Creatinine Ratio. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:1925424. [PMID: 27069929 PMCID: PMC4812448 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1925424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in serum 25(OH)VD3, HIF-1α, VEGF, vWf, IGF-1, and their correlation in type 2 diabetes patients at different stages of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). METHODS 502 type 2 diabetes patients were divided into three groups: Normoalbuminuric group (201 patients), Microalbuminuric group (171 patients), and Macroalbuminuric group (130 patients). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)VD3] was measured by chemiluminescence. Serum hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), von Willebrand factor (vWf), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We detected the aforementioned serum factors in all cases and 224 control subjects. RESULTS Serum HIF-1α, VEGF, vWf, and IGF-1 in type 2 diabetes patients were significantly higher than those in the control group and increased with the increase of Ln(ACR), respectively (P < 0.001). Serum 25(OH)VD3 was significantly lower in type 2 diabetes patients and decreased with the increase of Ln(ACR) (P < 0.001). Ln(ACR) was positively correlated with duration, HbA1c, Scr, BUN, TC, LDL, TG, UA, HIF-1α, VEGF, IGF-1, vWf, and Fg and negatively correlated with 25(OH)VD3 and eGFR. CONCLUSION Serum HIF-1α, VEGF, vWf, and IGF-1 may be involved in DKD process through inflammation, angiogenesis, and endothelial injury. Serum 25(OH)VD3 may have protective effects on DKD partly by inhibiting inflammation, abnormal angiogenesis, and vascular endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Chuan Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Qin Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Qiuyue Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
- *Qiuyue Wang:
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Lu Q, Zuo WZ, Ji XJ, Zhou YX, Liu YQ, Yao XQ, Zhou XY, Liu YW, Zhang F, Yin XX. Ethanolic Ginkgo biloba leaf extract prevents renal fibrosis through Akt/mTOR signaling in diabetic nephropathy. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 22:1071-1078. [PMID: 26547529 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves (GbE) have become widely known phytomedicines and have shown various pharmacological activities, including improvement of blood circulation, protection of oxidative cell damage, prevention of Alzheimer's disease, treatment of cardiovascular disease and diabetes complications. This study was designed to investigate the effects of an ethanolic GbE on renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN) and to clarify the possible mechanism by which GbE prevents renal fibrosis. STUDY DESIGN We investigated the protective effects of GbE on renal fibrosis in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Rats were randomized into six groups termed normal control, diabetes mellitus, low dose of GbE (50 mg/kg/d), intermediate dose of GbE (100 mg/kg/d), high dose of GbE (200 mg/kg/d) and rapamycin (1 mg/kg/d). METHODS After 12 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and then fasting blood glucose (FBG), creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urine protein, relative kidney weight, glycogen and collagen accumulation, and collagen IV and laminin expression were measured by different methods. The amounts of E-cadherin, α-SMA and snail, as well as the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR and p70S6K in the renal cortex of rats, were examined by western blotting. RESULTS Compared with diabetic rats, the levels of Cr, BUN, urine protein, relative kidney weight, accumulation of glycogen and collagen, and expression of collagen IV and laminin in the renal cortex were all decreased in GbE treated rats. In addition, GbE reduced the expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA, snail and the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR and p70S6K in diabetic renal cortex. CONCLUSION GbE can prevent renal fibrosis in rats with diabetic nephropathy, which is most likely to be associated with its abilities to inhibit the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Zi Zuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Xian Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu-Qing Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue-Yan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yao-Wu Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Xing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, 209 Tongshan Road, Xuzhou 221004, Jiangsu, China.
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LC–MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of 11 compounds of Ginkgo biloba extract in lysates of mesangial cell cultured by high glucose. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 997:122-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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16
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Yao M, Wang X, Wang X, Zhang T, Chi Y, Gao F. The Notch pathway mediates the angiotensin II-induced synthesis of extracellular matrix components in podocytes. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:294-300. [PMID: 25902289 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch pathway is known to contribute to the development of glomerular disease. Angiotensin II (Ang II), an important member of the renin-angiotensin system, stimulates the accumulation of extracellular matrix components in glomerular disease; however, the exact mechanisms involved remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the Notch pathway on the synthesis of extracellular matrix components in Ang II-stimulated podocytes. Mouse podocytes were stimulated with Ang II (10-6 mol/l). The activation of the Notch pathway was inhibited by a vector carrying short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting Notch1 (sh-Notch1) or by γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI). The protein levels of Notch1, Notch intracellular domain 1 (NICD1), hairy and enhancer of split-1 (Hes1), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), type IV collagen and laminin were determined by western blot analysis. The Notch1, Hes1, MMP-2, MMP-9, TGF-β1, type IV collagen and laminin mRNA levels were detected by RT-PCR. The MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity was measured using a cell active fluorescence assay kit. The levels of TGF-β1, type IV collagen and laminin were determined in the culture medium of the podocytes by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results revealed that Ang II upregulated Notch1, NICD1, Hes1, TGF-β1, type IV collagen and laminin expression and downregulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in the cultured podocytes. The inhibition of the Notch pathway by sh-Notch1 or GSI increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, decreased the TGF-β1 level and suppressed type IV collagen and laminin expression. The inhibition of the Notch pathway by sh-Notch1 or GSI also increased MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity, and decreased TGF-β1 levels, type IV collagen levels and laminin secretion. These findings indicate that the Notch pathway potentially mediates the Ang II-induced synthesis of extracellular matrix components in podocytes through the regulation of MMPs and TGF-β1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yao
- Department of Pathology, Τhe Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Τhe Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Τhe Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Τhe Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Yanqing Chi
- Department of Nephrology, Τhe Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Pathology, Τhe Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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Tang D, Yu Y, Zheng X, Wu J, Li Y, Wu X, Du Q, Yin X. Comparative investigation of in vitro biotransformation of 14 components in Ginkgo biloba extract in normal, diabetes and diabetic nephropathy rat intestinal bacteria matrix. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 100:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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18
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Tsai KL, Chang YL, Huang PH, Cheng YH, Liu DH, Chen HY, Kao CL. Ginkgo biloba extract inhibits oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL)-induced matrix metalloproteinase activation by the modulation of the lectin-like oxLDL receptor 1-regulated signaling pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. J Vasc Surg 2014; 63:204-15.e1. [PMID: 25080882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.05.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overexpression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) has been found in atherosclerotic lesions. Previous reports have identified that oxLDL, via the upregulation of lectin-like ox-LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1), modulates the expression of MMPs in endothelial cells. Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE), from Ginkgo biloba leaves, has often been considered as a therapeutic compound for cardiovascular and neurologic diseases. However, further investigation is needed to ascertain the probable molecular mechanisms underlying the antiatherogenic effects of GbE. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GbE on oxLDL-activated MMPs of human endothelial cells and to test the involvement of LOX-1 and protein kinase C (PKC)-α, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ). METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were stimulated with oxLDL, with or without GbE treatment. LOX-1 signaling and MMPs expression were tested by Western blotting or activity assay. Further, protein expression levels of PKC-α, ERK, nuclear factor-κB, and PPAR-γ were investigated by Western blotting. RESULTS GbE inhibited the oxLDL-caused upregulation of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-3. Pretreating with GbE reduced oxLDL-activated LOX-1 expression. Furthermore, pharmacologic inhibitors of free radicals, Ca(++), PKC, and GbE, inhibited the oxLDL-induced ERK and nuclear factor-κB activation. Lastly, GbE ameliorated the oxLDL-inhibited PPAR-γ function. CONCLUSIONS Data obtained in this study indicate that GbE actives its protective effects by regulating the LOX-1-mediated PKC-α/ERK/PPAR-γ/MMP pathway, resulting in the suppression of reactive oxygen species formation and, ultimately, the reduction of MMPs expression in endothelial cells treated with oxLDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ling Tsai
- Institute and Department of Physical Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Lih Chang
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsin Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Hao Liu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Yun Chen
- Institute and Department of Physical Therapy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Lan Kao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Physical Therapy & Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Lu Q, Yang T, Zhang M, Du L, Liu L, Zhang N, Guo H, Zhang F, Hu G, Yin X. Preventative Effects ofGinkgo bilobaExtract (EGb761) on High Glucose-Cultured Opacity of Rat Lens. Phytother Res 2013; 28:767-73. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 210029 China
- Laboratory of New Drugs and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Laboratory of New Drugs and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Mingzhu Zhang
- Laboratory of New Drugs and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Lei Du
- Laboratory of New Drugs and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Ling Liu
- Laboratory of New Drugs and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Laboratory of New Drugs and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Hao Guo
- Laboratory of New Drugs and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Laboratory of New Drugs and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Gang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 210029 China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology; Nanjing Medical University; Nanjing 210029 China
- Laboratory of New Drugs and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou 221004 China
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Over-production of nitric oxide by oxidative stress-induced activation of the TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt pathway in mesangial cells cultured in high glucose. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:507-14. [PMID: 23524565 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether NO over-production in rat mesangial cells cultured in high glucose (HG) is related to activation of the TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt pathway. METHODS Rat mesangial cells line (HBZY-1) was exposed to HG (24.44 mmol/L) or H2O2 (10 μmol/L) for 16 h. NO release was quantified using the Griess assay. The TGF-β1 level was measured using ELISA. The protein expression of p-Akt, t-Akt, Bim, and iNOS was examined by Western blotting. The mRNA levels of TGF-β1 and Bim were measured using RT-PCR. The cell proliferation rate was estimated using a BrdU incorporation assay. RESULTS Treatment of the cells with HG, H2O2, or TGF-β1 (5 ng/mL) significantly increased the NO level that was substantially inhibited by co-treatment with the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium (DPI), TGF-β1 inhibitor SB431542, or PI3K inhibitor LY294002. Both HG and H2O2 significantly increased the protein and mRNA levels of TGF-β1 in the cells, and HG-induced increases of TGF-β1 protein and mRNA were blocked by co-treatment with DPI. Furthermore, the treatment with HG or H2O2 significantly increased the expression of phosphorylated Akt and iNOS and cell proliferation rate, which was blocked by co-treatment with DPI, SB431542, or LY294002. Moreover, the treatment with HG or H2O2 significantly inhibited Bim protein and mRNA expression, which was reversed by co-treatment with DPI, SB431542, or LY294002. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that high glucose causes oxidative stress and NO over-production in rat mesangial cells in vitro via decreasing Bim and increasing iNOS, which are at least partially mediated by the TGF-β1/PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Lu Q, Zhai Y, Cheng Q, Liu Y, Gao X, Zhang T, Wei Y, Zhang F, Yin X. The Akt-FoxO3a-manganese superoxide dismutase pathway is involved in the regulation of oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy. Exp Physiol 2013; 98:934-45. [DOI: 10.1113/expphysiol.2012.068361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Huang CH, Yang ML, Tsai CH, Li YC, Lin YJ, Kuan YH. Ginkgo biloba leaves extract (EGb 761) attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via inhibition of oxidative stress and NF-κB-dependent matrix metalloproteinase-9 pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:303-309. [PMID: 23219342 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 09/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) presents high mortality and morbidity clinically and by far no effective preventive strategy has been established. Extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves, EGb 761, is a complex mixture that possesses several clinical beneficial effects such as anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, and cardioprotective property. With EGb 761 pretreatment, both lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced protein leakage and neutrophil infiltration, and LPS-induced inflammatory responses including increased myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, lipid peroxidation, and metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 activity, were inhibited; LPS-suppressed activation of antioxidative enzymes (AOE) were reversed; and not only the phosphorylation of NF-κB but also the degradation of its inhibitor, IκB, were suppressed. These results suggested that the protection mechanism of EGb 761 is by inhibition of NFκB activation, possibly via the up-regulation of antioxidative enzymes. More studies are needed to further evaluate whether EGb 761 is a suitable candidate as an effective dietary strategy to reduce the incidence of endotoxin-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan, ROC
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Retraction statement. Protective effects of quercetin on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Phytother Res 2013; 27:1580. [PMID: 23280688 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Chen JS, Chen YH, Huang PH, Tsai HY, Chen YL, Lin SJ, Chen JW. Ginkgo biloba extract reduces high-glucose-induced endothelial adhesion by inhibiting the redox-dependent interleukin-6 pathways. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2012; 11:49. [PMID: 22553973 PMCID: PMC3434011 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-11-49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic elevation of glucose level activates vascular inflammation and increases endothelial adhesiveness to monocytes, an early sign of atherogenesis. This study aimed to elucidate the detailed mechanisms of high-glucose-induced endothelial inflammation, and to investigate the potential effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE), an antioxidant herbal medicine, on such inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human aortic endothelial cells were cultured in high glucose or mannitol as osmotic control for 4 days. The expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules and the adhesiveness of endothelial cells to monocytes were examined. The effects of pretreatment of GBE or N-acetylcysteine, an antioxidant, were also investigated. RESULTS Either high glucose or mannitol significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, interleukin-6 secretion, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, as well as endothelial adhesiveness to monocytes. The high-glucose-induced endothelial adhesiveness was significantly reduced either by an anti-ICAM-1 antibody or by an interleukin-6 neutralizing antibody. Interleukin-6 (5 ng/ml) significantly increased endothelial ICAM-1 expression. Piceatannol, a signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1/3 inhibitor, but not fludarabine, a STAT1 inhibitor, suppressed high-glucose-induced ICAM-1 expression. Pretreatment with GBE or N-acetylcysteine inhibited high-glucose-induced ROS, interleukin-6 production, STAT1/3 activation, ICAM-1 expression, and endothelial adhesiveness to monocytes. CONCLUSIONS Long-term presence of high glucose induced STAT3 mediated ICAM-1 dependent endothelial adhesiveness to monocytes via the osmotic-related redox-dependent interleukin-6 pathways. GBE reduced high-glucose-induced endothelial inflammation mainly by inhibiting interleukin-6 activation. Future study is indicated to validate the antioxidant/anti-inflammatory strategy targeting on interleukin-6 for endothelial protection in in vivo and clinical hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Shiong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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In vitro suppression of quercetin on hypertrophy and extracellular matrix accumulation in rat glomerular mesangial cells cultured by high glucose. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:920-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2011.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Ke HL, Zhang YW, Zhou BF, Zhen RT. Effects of Danggui Buxue Tang, a traditional Chinese herbal decoction, on high glucose-induced proliferation and expression of extracellular matrix proteins in glomerular mesangial cells. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:1022-6. [PMID: 21878005 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.546796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage failure of the kidney, but the efficacy of currently available strategies for the prevention of DN remains unsatisfactory. In this study, we investigated the effects of Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT), a Chinese herbal decoction prepared from Radix Astragali (RA) and Radix Angelicae sinensis (RAS), on high glucose-induced proliferation and expression of laminin, type IV collagen (collagen IV) and fibronectin in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs). The cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay, and the expression of collagen IV, laminin and fibronectin in GMCs was detected by ELISA assay. It was shown that high glucose clearly induced the proliferation of GMCs and increased the release of collagen IV, laminin and fibronectin. Treatment with RA, RAS and DBT inhibited cell proliferation and the expression of collagen IV, laminin and fibronectin induced by high glucose, with DBT, especially at the highest concentration (DBT20), exhibiting a stronger effect than RA and RAS alone. Thus, it is concluded that DBT inhibits increased cell proliferation and the expression of major extracellular matrix proteins that are induced by high glucose, indicating its value for prophylaxis and therapy of DN at the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Liang Ke
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Li J, Lim SS, Lee JY, Kim JK, Kang SW, Kim JL, Kang YH. Purple corn anthocyanins dampened high-glucose-induced mesangial fibrosis and inflammation: possible renoprotective role in diabetic nephropathy. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:320-31. [PMID: 21543205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2010] [Revised: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Purple corn has been classified as a functional food rich in anthocyanins possessing potential disease-preventive properties. This study examined whether purple corn anthocyanins (PCA) mainly comprised cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-(6″-malonylglucoside) can attenuate high-glucose (HG)-promoted mesangial cell (MC) proliferation and matrix accumulation, major features of diabetic glomerulosclerosis. Human renal MC were cultured for 3 days in media containing 5.5 mM glucose plus 27.5 mM mannitol as osmotic controls or media containing 33 mM glucose in the absence and presence of 1-20 μg/ml PCA. The HG exposure of MC caused substantial increases in connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression and collagen IV secretion with mesangial hyperplasia, which were repealed by adding PCA. PCA boosted HG-plummeted membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinase expression and dampened HG-elevated tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression through disturbing transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-SMAD signaling, facilitating extracellular matrix degradation. This study further revealed that PCA ameliorated HG-inflamed mesangial inflammation accompanying induction of intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) responsible for CTGF expression. The induction of intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 and MCP-1 was mediated via TGF-β signaling, which was suppressed by PCA. In addition, the HG-promoted CTGF expression entailed nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling involved in MCP-1 transcription. The HG-TGF-β induction was blocked in the presence of a NF-κB inhibitor, and the nuclear NF-κB translocation was blunted by a TGF-β receptor 1 inhibitor. PCA dampened NF-κB translocation in HG-exposed MC. These results demonstrate that there was a crosstalk between TGF-β-SMAD and NF-κB pathways in the diabetes-associated mesangial fibrosis and inflammation, which appeared to be severed by PCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition and the Regional Research Universities Program/Medical & Bio-Materials Research Center, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-702, Korea
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Tang DQ, Wei YQ, Gao YY, Yin XX, Yang DZ, Mou J, Jiang XL. Retracted
: Protective Effects of Rutin on Rat Glomerular Mesangial Cells Cultured in High Glucose Conditions. Phytother Res 2011; 25:1640-7. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Revised: 02/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dao-quan Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou 221004 China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Ya-qin Wei
- Key Laboratory of New Drug and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Yuan-yuan Gao
- Key Laboratory of New Drug and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Xiao-xing Yin
- Key Laboratory of New Drug and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou 221004 China
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; School of Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Dong-zhi Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou 221004 China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Jie Mou
- Key Laboratory of New Drug and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou 221004 China
| | - Xiang-lan Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis; School of Pharmacy; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou 221004 China
- Key Laboratory of New Drug and Clinical Application; Xuzhou Medical College; Xuzhou 221004 China
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Li J, Lee YS, Choi JS, Sung HY, Kim JK, Lim SS, Kang YH. Roasted licorice extracts dampen high glucose-induced mesangial hyperplasia and matrix deposition through blocking Akt activation and TGF-beta signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:800-810. [PMID: 20382513 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) characterized as nephrotic syndrome and diffuse glomerulosclerosis can cause renal failure and end-stage kidney disease. Expansion of mesangial matrix around capillaries in the kidney glomeruli is a prominent feature of DN. This study investigated whether licorice extracts inhibited mesangial cell (MC) proliferation and matrix accumulation induced by high glucose (HG). Human renal MC were cultured in media containing 5.5 mM glucose plus 27.5 mM mannitol as an osmotic control or 33 mM glucose for 3 d in the presence of water or ethanol extracts from raw licorice (LW, LE) or roasted licorice (RLW, RLE). Non-polar components including glycyrrhetic acid were elevated during licorice roasting, whereas polar components soluble in water extracts were diminished. Exposure of cells to HG caused significant increases in collagen IV secretion and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression, which was appeased by RLW and RLE at transcriptional levels. The inhibitory potency was high in the order of RLE > or = RLW > or = LE > > LW. Non-polar glycyrrhetic acid but not glycyrrhizin retarded HG-stimulated mesangial matrix deposition through diminishing CTGF expression. In addition, RLW and RLE but not LW modulated membrane type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT-1 MMP) expression, MMP-2 activity and tissue inhibitor of MMP-2 (TIMP-2), which facilitated the degradation of mesangial matrix. Furthermore, the augmented expression of CTGF and TIMP-2 in HG-exposed cells was mediated by Akt activation and TGF-beta/Smad signaling through PKCbeta2-responsive signaling pathways. However, HG-down-regulated MT-1 MMP expression was independent of activation of ERK1/2 and Akt when using their inhibitors of DB98059 (ERK1/2) and LY294002 (Akt) alone or in combination. These results demonstrate that extracts from roasted licorice may be highly potent therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of mesangial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis leading to diabetes nephropathy due to longstanding diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 200-702, South Korea
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Li J, Kang SW, Kim JL, Sung HY, Kwun IS, Kang YH. Isoliquiritigenin entails blockade of TGF-beta1-SMAD signaling for retarding high glucose-induced mesangial matrix accumulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:3205-3212. [PMID: 20146476 DOI: 10.1021/jf9040723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy characterized as mesangial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis results in renal failure and end-stage renal diseases. Enhanced expression and secretion of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) play an important role in the expansion of glomerular mesangial matrix mostly composed of type IV collagen. Isoliquiritigenin can prevent various renal injuries via its anti-inflammatory action. However, the effect of isoliquiritigenin on diabetic nephropathy has never been explored. The present study was to investigate whether nontoxic isoliquiritigenin inhibited high glucose (HG)-induced mesangial fibrosis by retarding formation of type IV collagen as well as CTGF in human mesangial cells (HRMC). Serum starved cells were cultured in media containing 5.5 mM glucose plus 27.5 mM mannitol as an osmotic control or 33 mM glucose for 3 days with and without 1-20 microM isoliquiritigenin. Exposure of cells to HG caused marked increases in collagen secretion and CTGF expression, which was dose-dependently reversed by isoliquiritigenin at the transcriptional levels. Additionally, isoliquiritigenin boosted HG-plummeted type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT-1 MMP) expression and dampened HG-elevated tissue inhibitor of MMP-2 (TIMP-2) expression, facilitating the degradation of mesangial matrix. Isoliquiritigenin inhibited HG-upregulated CTGF and TIMP-2 expression via disturbing TGF-beta1 signaling in HRMC, as evidenced by TGF-beta receptor I kinase (TGF-beta RI) inhibitor. HG-activated SMAD2 through autocrine TGF-beta signaling was repealed by > or =10 microM isoliquiritigenin. HG induced SMAD4 expression of HRMC and obliterated antagonistic SMAD7, whereas isoliquiritigenin suppressed induction of TGF-beta RII and TGF-beta RI with blunting their downstream SMAD signaling. The results demonstrate that the bioactive isoliquiritigenin in licorice diminished mesangial matrix accumulation in response to ambient HG through retarding TGF-beta1-SMAD signaling transduction. Therefore, isoliquiritigenin may be a potential therapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of mesangial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis leading to diabetic nephropathy due to longstanding diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do, 200-702 Korea
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